and other greenhouse gases will need to be cut in order to keep the increase in average global temperature to less than 3. 6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius)
even if measures are introduced today to reduce greenhouse gas emissions the 3. 6-degree limit will likely be surpassed by the end of the century.
Continued emissions of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and changes in all components of the climate system Stocker said.
Limiting climate change will require substantial and sustained reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. The report found that atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide methane
#Japan Scales Back Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goals Japan is slashing its greenhouse gas reduction goals in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear accident which has caused the country to replace its nuclear power with coal natural gas
Instead of reducing greenhouse gases by 25 percent from their 1990 levels Japan's goals will aim for a 3 percent rise over those levels
Before the accident caused by the massive tsunami that inundated the coast in 2011 the country's sole plan for achieving greenhouse gas reductions focused on nuclear power.
the intensive greenhouse-gas emissions associated with tar-sands operations. The Keystone XL pipeline is regarded widely as essential to enabling the tar-sands industry to achieve that dramatic level of growthand
therefore become a major driver of global greenhouse-gas emissions. For example Goldman sachs recently acknowledged that without Keystone XL lower prices for tar sands
Keystone XL will directly lead to a significant increase in greenhouse-gas emissions and under President Barack Obama's climate test the pipeline should be rejected.
and metabolized by bacteria in the colon to produce gas and short chain fatty acids. This results in abdominal cramps bloating diarrhea flatulence and nausea.
When drought hits a forest and kills trees dead wood releases carbon dioxide as it rots instead of absorbing heat-trapping greenhouse gas from the atmosphere as plants normally do.
Just as they passed around to the east side of the mountain the north face collapsed releasing superheated gases and trapped magma in a massive lateral explosion.
Keith put the plane into a steep dive to gain the speed to outrun the cloud of incandescent gas;
Shortly after the lateral blast a second vertical explosion occurred at the summit of the volcano sending a mushroom cloud of ash and gases more than 12 miles into the air.
to grass-killing gas that seeps out of the soil. But the patches may be the natural result of the subsurface competition for resources among plants new research suggests.
People fire up their gas and charcoal grills and while that usually means a good time at a potluck style cookout for people with health concerns like celiac disease that family gathering can be a challenge.
But the payoff the size of the environmental win in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing algal blooms linked to agriculture is huge.
Reducing emissions The president's plan will direct the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish standards for greenhouse gas emissions for new and existing power plants.
Currently existing plants contribute about 40 percent of carbon emissions in the United states. In 2009 Obama pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions below 2005 levels by the year 2020.
which are potent greenhouse gases that trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere and contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer.
#Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Could Prevent Premature Deaths Reducing the flow of the greenhouse gases that spur global warming could prevent up to 3 million premature deaths annually by the year 2100
Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide trap heat helping warm the globe. The surge in carbon dioxide levels due to human activity since the Industrial revolution is now causing an overall warming of the planet that is having impacts around the globe.
Past studies have analyzed how reductions in greenhouse gas emissions would also improve air quality. 5 Ways Climate Change Affects Your Health
The researchers found that aggressively reducing greenhouse gas emissions could help prevent 300000 to 700000 premature deaths annually byâ the year 2030 two-thirds
We found reducing greenhouse gases could lead to a pretty striking reduction in air pollutants
and our study suggests serious benefits to reducing greenhouse gases in addition to helping slow down climate change West said.
but here we show that reducing greenhouse gas emissions can have near-term local benefits for health as well
In the future researchers can analyze the impacts of efforts to intentionally improve air quality as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions West said.
because the gas bubbles block the flow of water. The more air in the tubes the harder it is for plants to pull in water explains Katherine Mcculloh a plant ecophysiologist at Oregon State university.
The cubes fizz like soda as they melt because of compressed gas bubbles trapped in the buried ice.
Video) Nienke van der Marel a Ph d. student at Leiden Observatory in The netherlands said the researchers original plan was to analyze the gas.
Due to this pressure gradient gas and small micrometer-size particles have slightly slower orbital velocities around the star.
When the millimeter-size bits grow they begin to experience friction with gas and smaller particles.
What Is Poisonous Gas? Updated on Friday Aug 30 at 10:15 a m. ET. Reports that the Syrian government has used poisonous gas against rebels in that country's civil insurrection have prompted the Obama administration to consider military action against the government of President Bashar al-Assad.
Though these reports have yet to be confirmed many experts say the videos and photographs from Syria showing dead and injured people would be difficult to fake.
The Syrian government however has denied consistently all allegations of the use of poisonous gas or other chemical weapons.
Poisonous gas has a long grim history of use in warfare. In the ancient Syrian city of Dura-Europos the remains of about 20 soldiers from A d. 256 were discovered by archaeologists in 1930.
or spears but by sulfur gases ignited by the invading Persian army. The 10 Most Outrageous Military Experiments The use of poisonous gas and other chemical weapons was banned by the Geneva Protocol following World war i sometimes referred to as the chemists'war during
which chlorine gas tear gas (ethyl bromoacetate or chloroacetone) phosgene mustard gas and other chemical agents were used by both sides.
Effects of nerve agents Because the alleged poisonous gas attacks in Syria are unconfirmed it can't be determined
what type of poisonous gas (if any) is being used. However Dr. Khaled al-Doumi director of a medical center near the site of the alleged attack told Al Jazeera Medically speaking the symptoms indicate that poisoning was a result of phosphorous compounds that could be caused by organic insecticides or sarin gas.
Sarin gas is a man-made lethal toxin with no color taste or odor; it can be inhaled
or absorbed through the skin or eyes. Sarin is a nerve agent that works on the central nervous system
Mustard gas stockpiles According to the BBC Syria also has large stockpiles of mustard gas recognized as a poisonous gas since the 19th century.
There are a number of other chemical agents that could be used as poisonous gas from chlorine gas
Many international observers believe it could be years before the extent of poisonous gas used in Syria
while being transported from a beach where it died to a laboratory in the Taiwanese city of Tainan according to BBC News. Gas buildup inside the decomposing cetacean was thought to be responsible for the explosion
Third in the U s. greenhouse-gas emissions have declined recently from their peak in 2007. This was first due to the global recession
and then to the shale-gas boom which led to cheap natural gas that has reduced coal consumption
(which emits more CO2 than natural gas) and made new coal plants uneconomical. Society cannot rely on either of those factors continuing to bring emissions down.
The U s. economy is already recovering the country is rapidly building export capacity for natural gas
(which will help to bring domestic U s. prices in line with prices on the world market increasing the competitiveness of coal)
and there will be fewer and fewer remaining coal-power plants to replace with gas. Additionally the amount of methane leakage from natural gas facilities remains highly uncertain.
Methane is a much more powerful greenhouse gas than CO2. Depending on the leakage rate moving from coal to natural gas could fail to provide any climate benefits for 50 or even 100 years.
The U s. must make a serious commitment to zero-carbon energy and energy efficiency in the next ten years in order to be able to reduce emissions to the level required to stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentrations in a reasonable timeframe.
Finally some critics of immediate action to reduce greenhouse gasses point out that technological innovation will bring down the costs of clean energy
#Urbanization Can Actually Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Op-Ed) Chris Busch is director of research and Hallie Kennan is a research assistant atâ Energy Innovation:
Because urban centers can be a leading source for greenhouse-gas emissions low-carbon urban design can be a crucial tool for combatting rising emissions levels.
which they are located ordered according to national per-capita greenhouse gas emissions. It shows that urban residents often have lower emissions per person than national averages for home countries.
Under a higher-emissions scenario in which heat-trapping gas emissions continue to rise the assessment projects a 13 percent decline in Colorado snow water equivalent by midcentury
Most scientists attributed this wetter weather to the rise in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
if the levels of greenhouse gas emissions are reduced not and nations have failed to address the myriad challenges of climate change scientists say Earth's fragile ecosystem could be in serious jeopardy.
But most of the nations with the fastest growing populations have far lower per capita greenhouse gas emissions.
and later spread across the Atlantic ocean to the United states emissions of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases soared as manufacturing
which emit large amounts of greenhouse gases that linger in the atmosphere. This flurry of activity has taken a toll on the planet.
and China as they've industrialized countries that are populous and poor can experience a rapid rise in greenhouse gas emissions.
Since 2000 China's energy-related greenhouse gas emissions have increased at an average rate of more than 10 percent each year according to the Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements
While these types of resource taxes have been suggested as an incentivized way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions they remain politically divisive.
According to an analysis by Cascio the greenhouse gas emissions generated by the production of cheeseburgers in the United states each year is about equal to the greenhouse gas emissions from 6. 5 million to 19.6 million SUVS over a year (There are about 16 million
and emit fewer greenhouse gases than livestock according to the U n.'s FAO report. Although eating insects comes with an ick factor for many Westerners bugs are a part of the diet of about 2 billion people worldwide according to the report.
#What Are Greenhouse Gases? Behind the struggle to address global warming and climate change lies the increase in greenhouse gases in our atmosphere.
A greenhouse gas is any gaseous compound in the atmosphere that is capable of absorbing infrared radiation thereby trapping and holding heat in the atmosphere.
By increasing the heat in the atmosphere greenhouse gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect which ultimately leads to global warming.
The sun bombards Earth with enormous amounts of radiation which strike Earth's atmosphere in the form of visible light plus ultraviolet (UV) infrared (IR)
The gases in the atmosphere that absorb radiation are known as greenhouse gases (sometimes abbreviated as GHG)
The most significant greenhouse gases are water vapor (H2o) carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2o) according to the Environmental protection agency (EPA.
Fluorinated gases including hydrofluorocarbons perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride are created during industrial processes and are considered also greenhouse gases.
Though they are present in very small concentrations they trap heat very effectively making them high global-warming potential (GWP) gases.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS) once used as refrigerants and aerosol propellants until they were phased out by international agreement are also greenhouse gases.
Three factors affect the degree to which any greenhouse gas will influence global warming: Carbon dioxide has a significant impact on global warming partly because of its abundance in the atmosphere:
In 2011 CO2 composed 84 percent of U s. greenhouse emissions according to the EPA. Additionally CO2 stays in the atmosphere for thousands of years.
Some greenhouse gases like methane are produced through agricultural practices including livestock manure management. Others like CO2 largely result from natural processes like respiration and from the burning of fossil fuels like coal oil and gas.
Since the beginning of the Industrial revolution in the early 1800s humans have been burning fossils fuels at an ever-increasing rate.
In the United states like most other industrialized nations burning fossil fuels is the single greatest manmade source of greenhouse gases.
According to the EPA the production of electricity is the source of 33 percent of U s. greenhouse gas emissions.
Over 70 percent of U s. electricity comes from plants that burn fossil fuels usually coal and natural gas.
Transportation is a close second contributing about 28 percent of U s. greenhouse gas emissions. Almost all cars trucks ships trains and airplanes run on gasoline or diesel fuels.
Manufacturing and other industries contribute about 20 percent of U s. greenhouse gas emissions followed by residential and commercial sources (11 percent) and agriculture (8 percent.
Worldwide however the output of greenhouse gases is a source of grave concern: From the time the Industrial revolution began to the year 2009 atmospheric CO2 levels have increased almost 38 percent
+For the latest information on greenhouse gases visit s
#What Are Superfoods? Superfoods are foods mostly plant-based but also some fish and dairy thought to be nutritionally dense and thus good for one's health.
Gases in Earth's atmosphere absorb some of that reflected radiation; as a result the atmosphere heats up.
The atmospheric gases primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect are known as greenhouse gases and include water vapor carbon dioxide (CO2) methane and nitrous oxide.
Not all greenhouse gases are the same: methane for example has roughly 21 times the heat-trapping ability of carbon dioxide according to the EPA.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is perhaps the most fundamental way to address global warming and decreasing the rate at
More sustainable transportation options such as mass transit and alt-fuel vehicles will also reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Earth enjoys these temperatures because of its atmosphere the thin layer of gases that cloak and protect the planet.
The gases in the atmosphere that absorb radiation are known as greenhouse gases because they're largely responsible for the greenhouse effect.
These greenhouse gases include water vapor carbon dioxide (CO2) methane nitrous oxide (N2o) and other gases according to the Environmental protection agency (EPA.
Since the dawn of the Industrial revolution in the early 1800s the burning of fossil fuels like coal oil and gasoline have increased greatly the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere especially CO2 according to NASA.
CO2 and other greenhouse gases act like a blanket absorbing IR radiation and preventing it from escaping into outer space.
The greenhouse effect combined with increasing levels of greenhouse gases and the resulting global warming is expected to have profound implications according to the near-universal consensus of scientists.
whether nitrogen oxides a group of highly reactive gases released by diesel combustion are capable of altering floral odors to an extent that would dampen a bee's ability to recognize desirable flowers.
and exposed some but not all of the containers to different concentrations of nitrogen oxide gases leaving others uncontaminated.
Though the researchers focused on the effects of nitrogen oxide gases on floral odors other highly reactive contaminants such as naturally occurring ozone gas
and also plans to study the neurological effects of nitrogen oxide gases on the honeybee brain.
and ocean sinks mask the extent of how rapidly the planet is warming from greenhouse gases.
and glaciers as well as offer more detail on scenarios that will shape international negotiations over both short-term and long-term greenhouse gas emissions including how long business as usual can be sustained without dangerous risk.
and China developed nations have agreed now in principle to deal with short-term greenhouse gas pollutants like HFCS that can forestall nearly a Degree fahrenheit of warming over the coming decades.
and U s. Department of state officials to negotiate bilaterally with China on significant greenhouse-gas cuts. And if China and the United states which together represent 40 percent of the world's greenhouse-gas emissions can agree then it is unlikely that others will stand in the way at this juncture in history.
We won't need an international treaty. Difficult complicated science questions like the interplay between natural climate variability (e g. volcanic eruptions solar minimums the El Niã o-La Niã a cycle)
and manmade fossil fuel-based energy consumption which accelerates greenhouse gas emissions and drives climate change still need further clarification.
Microsoft Kering Natura Disney and Barclays are among those taking voluntary action addressing the greenhouse gas emissions they cannot avoid by purchasing REDD+credits.
Gas and smelly urine are the two most common side effects. Why does asparagus make urine smell?
because when you cut into it the onion produces a sulfur-based gas. The gas reacts with the water in your eyes and forms sulfuric acid.
To rid your eyes of this fiery irritant your tear ducts work overtime. For no more (or fewer) tears try moving your face farther away from the onion so the gas disperses before reaching your eyes.
Another suggestion for reducing tears is to first chill the onions for 30 minutes. Then cut off the top
The most common side effect is gas or bowel irritation caused by broccoli's high amounts of fiber.
but it is also more likely to irritate your bowels and cause gas. Sources: Mindbodygreen. com Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction) This article is for informational purposes only
that power most cars on the road today only four out of every 20 gallons of gas actually go towards moving the vehicle forward.
#EPA Aims To Slash Power plant CO2 by 30 Percent Nearly every state in the U s. now has a greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal to meet under the Obama administration's new Clean
The EPA rule is part of the White house s broader Climate Action Plan announced last year that includes a number of steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
but don't go far enough in curbing climate change-driving greenhouse gas emissions. Overall if the proposed rules survive possible legal challenges
but they set national policy that greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced. My own feeling about all this is that the policy of trying to reduce the use of fossil fuels by regulating greenhouse gases is not going to work
because we're not just talking about the U s . but China and India he said adding that the solution exists in developing renewable energy technologies that drive fossil fuels from the marketplace.
#in the future as utilities focus more on natural gas power generation. But some watching the natural gas industry are skeptical of how the rules will affect natural gas consumption in the U s.#oethere does not appear to be a mechanism for the federal government to assist in encouraging natural gas usage#Colorado School Of mines Petroleum Engineering Professor
William Fleckenstein said Monday adding that the federal government does not appear to be doing much to encourage the construction of liquefied natural gas facilities to help reduce carbon emissions globally by helping coal-dependent countries switch to less carbon-intensive natural gas for electric power production.#
#oenatural gas in the long term will have a tremendous cost advantage as the technology continues to improve#he said.
To make predictions over the long term for natural gas demand driven by government regulations is difficult to do
#But Cornell University earth and atmospheric sciences professor Louis Derry said Monday that not only will the new rules be effective at reducing U s. overall greenhouse gas emissions they'll boost the use of natural gas
I think pretty clearly the demand for natural gas has gone up already this will accelerate that Derry said Monday adding that there are no other sources of electric generating capacity that are currently available on a large enough scale to replace coal.
The new work suggests that early cultures were global warming turtles slowly raising temperatures by adding carbon dioxide and methane (both greenhouse gases) to Earth's atmosphere over thousands of years.
The gases go up as human population booms instead of their usual decline. But some scientists say this is simply natural variability.
Parts per million denotes the volume of a gas in the air; in this case of every 1 million air molecules 245 are carbon dioxide.
s a list of seven<a href=http://www. livescience. com/12922-eating-insects-global-warming-greenhouse-gases. html>edible insects</a>you may soon find on your dinner plate.<
The fact is the U s. beef industry produces beef with lower greenhouse gas emissions than any other country.
These emissions among other greenhouse gases heated the globe by about 11 degrees Fahrenheit (6 degrees Celsius) over roughly 20000 years.
Our experimental results indicate that sulfur trioxide is expected to be the major sulfide component in the sulfur oxide gas released during the impact Ohno told Live Science in an email interview.
It has lost more than 80 percent of its habitat to human development including ranching wild farms and oil and gas drilling.
and gas development on public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). However oil and gas interests paid for the environmental impact study
and would allow more than 15000 wells to be drilled on these lands. The impacts on wildlife air and water quality could be wide-reaching.</
Owing to its size the forest absorbs 1. 5 billion tons of CO2 from the atmosphere every year making it the largest terrestrial sink of this greenhouse gas.
The process of deforestation is causing an addition of 1. 6 billion tons of CO2 to the atmosphere per year substantially increasing greenhouse gases.
What if we could reduce greenhouse gas emissions while replacing up to 30 percent of the world's plastics with a biodegradable substitute?
Scientists at Stanford university and a Palo alto Calif.-based start-up company called Mango Materials have come up with a new way to make PHA from waste methane gas.
After the products made from the PHA have reached the end of their useful life the plastic can be degraded anaerobically (without air) to produce methane gas.
By using methane gas as the feedstock we can significantly drive down costs of production Morse says.
#Natural gas? Cows Toot Out Most Methane A new snapshot of U s. methane emissions in 2004 shows livestock primarily cattle and pigs were the country's worst gas emitters at the time.
The study also found that livestock expelled 40 percent more methane than had been estimated by the Environmental protection agency a result in agreement with a recently published review of hundreds of emissions studies detailed in the journal Science.
The animals also bested the oil and gas industry. We are very confident that livestock emissions were being underestimated said lead study author Kevin Wecht an atmospheric chemist at Harvard university in Massachusetts.
Methane gas comes from natural sources such as decomposing plants in wetlands and from human activities including oil and gas production and animals and manure on farms.
Explore Earth's Atmosphere: Top to bottom (Infographic) Most scientific studies track methane in one of two ways:
either by measuring the gas in the atmosphere with instruments placed on tall towers or flown on aircraft
or by analyzing emissions directly at the source such as at oil and gas wells. The new analysis led by Wecht took a broader look by using satellite monitoring of methane gas levels in the atmosphere over the United states. Wecht
and his co-authors combined satellite and aircraft data to provide a comprehensive look at methane which is a potent but short-lived greenhouse gas.
The researchers only looked at 2004 because that was the year for which the best satellite coverage was said available Wecht.
That same year the researchers found 7 million tons (7. 2 teragrams) of methane came from oil and gas operations.
The EPA attributed 9. 9 million tons (9. 0 teragrams) to oil and gas industries.
The new numbers put livestock well ahead of oil and gas producers in 2004. The latest greenhouse gas inventory published by the EPA still has livestock leading oil and gas in 2012 methane emissions.
Overall the new research finds a total of 33 million tons (30.1 teragrams) of methane was released by human activities in the United states in 2004.
Natural gas numbers off? The review published in February in the journal Science of more than 200 studies found the EPA is underestimating total U s. methane emissions by anywhere from 25 to 75 percent.
and gas boom has had on methane emissions Wecht said. Brandt said researchers would still need to measure methane outputs directly at the source.
and the need to reduce smoke pollution to minimise greenhouse gas emissions and protect human health.
For example the oil and gas industry faces staggering revenue losses due to product degradation by hydrogen sulfide consuming bacteria and the industry spends an estimated $7 billion per year for chemical biocide treatments.
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