Scientists are looking at its biology behavior food and odor preferences and pesticide resistance. Many researchers are working hard to study the biology of this insect through basic and applied projects
The fruit's impact resistance is mainly due to the hierarchical structuring of the peel which is made up of a graded fiber-reinforced foam.
Nordlander used computer simulations to investigate the discrepancies between classical electromagnetics and quantum mechanics and precisely where the two theories diverge in both gold and aluminum nanomatryushkas.
The calculations should be of great interest to those who use nanoparticles as probes in Raman spectroscopy where quantum tunneling between particles can dampen electric fields
Longer-term strategies focus on introducing genes to the Chinese oilseed rape plants to build disease resistance.
The timber of many of the 198 species is of great economic interest because of its excellent insect and fungus resistance.
#Delaying resistance to Bt corn in western corn rootwormcorn that contains proteins that protect it from insect damage has been grown in the U s. since the mid-1990s.
which has been documented to show resistance to the Bt proteins. In a new article in the Journal of Integrated Pest Management--an open-access peer-reviewed extension journal--the authors explain why this has occurred
In Resistance to Bt Corn by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the U s. Corn belt Drs.
Finally fitness costs--or negative effects--of resistance in rootworms appear to be low. One approach to IRM is not necessarily optimal for all insect pests according to the authors who recommend that growers use the following IPM approaches to delay further rootworm resistance to Bt corn:
-Rotate to soybean or other crops to break the corn rootworm life cycle between growing seasons. -Occasionally rotate to a non-Bt corn hybrid
and woody plant providing new insights into the comprehensive understanding of plants'salt tolerance and drought resistance.
but face the main problem of generating resistance by the acari which reduces its effectiveness;
and cheaper the acari doesn't develop resistance to it nor it generates residue on honey
Magnetic pollen replicas offer multimodal adhesionresearchers have created magnetic replicas of sunflower pollen grains using a wet chemical layer-by-layer process that applies highly conformal iron oxide coatings.
while gaining magnetic behavior allowing for tailored adhesion to surfaces. By taking advantage of the native pollen grain shape
which is more strongly magnetic. We examined individual pollen grains before and after firing and we could see that the shape
The adhesion properties of the magnetic pollen-shaped particles were analyzed then by graduate student Ismael Gomez and professor Carson Meredith both from Georgia Tech's School of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering.
and gaining magnetic adhesion Sandhage said. The layer-by-layer nature of the coating process allowed for control of the amount of magnetic material and the magnetic properties of the pollen replicas.
The researchers chose to apply 30 layers to achieve sufficient long-range magnetic behavior while retaining high-aspect-ratio sharp spikes that provide for short-range Van der waals forces.
Reproducibly generating large quantities of such cheap microparticles possessing high-aspect surface features over their entire particle surfaces would be quite challenging using synthetic top-down methods Sandhage said.
Higher nut consumption also has been linked to reductions in cholesterol levels oxidative stress inflammation adiposity and insulin resistance.
The amygdala neurons appeared normal from an electrical point of view and the whole-face-sensitive neurons responded normally.
The autism study was made possible by patients being treated for epilepsy who underwent surgery to have implanted depth electrodes in their brains to monitor seizure-related electrical activity.
The amygdala is a routine target for depth electrodes to localize epileptic seizures. This provides a unique opportunity to record activity from the amygdala a brain structure that is important for the processing of emotions
In an intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) study each time a targeted neuron is active it fires an action potential--a chemical and electrical change that can be recorded for later analysis. Like never before the researchers can witness in human subjects
'Observations of a number of'Carotex-312'plantings in Texas and the results of prior research with the parental lines used to develop'Carotex-312'also suggested that the new cultivar has several potentially useful disease-resistance attributes.
Fungal colonies of the same vc-type can fuse to form a single individual but those of a different vc-type cannot.
when the colonies are able to fuse. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Forest Research.
This could help to reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance she adds. In previous studies the working groups from the Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics at Freie Universitat Berlin found that feeding E. faecium probiotic did not change the general swine intestinal microbiota
and plug into a TV to adapt the device into a server that can store Khan Academy materials for use offline.
Insulin resistance also associated with obesity may be another possible mechanism linking obesity and delayed onset of lactation.
Lactating women manifest lower blood glucose and insulin concentrations and emerging evidence indicates that lactation may decrease insulin resistance.
For example the described technique is used to develop tomatoes with resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus
Yong Guan an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering and his students have devised a system that offers anonymity for honest users and accountability for dishonest users.
#New antifungal composition effectively inhibits wide variety of fungiin order to overcome resistance to antifungal variety of pathogenic fungi
Because many fungal pathogens develop resistance to prolonged treatment with antifungal drugs it is desirable to find alternatives for their control in medical agricultural and those applications in which the fungi cause damage.
and insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction explains Dr. Klimis-Zacas a Professor of clinical nutrition at the University of Maine
Kudzu vines grow madly covering power lines. Zebra mussels muscle-out native mussels in Lake Champlain. Burmese pythons devastate local wildlife in the Everglades.
and disease resistance Fei says. Kiwifruit originated from the mountains and ranges of southwestern China and was known not really to the world until the early 20th century
They uncovered about 8000 genes that were common among all five species. The comparison revealed important evolutionary relationships including the development genes related to fruit growth ripening nutrient metabolism and disease resistance.
and that mast cells can also enhance innate resistance to honeybee venom. Such innate immune responses do not require prior immunization or the development of specific antibodies.
and it may avoid the problem of HIV resistance to antiretroviral regimens that complicate maternal/infant applications.
The scientists concluded that substrate depth was the most significant factor that improved growth and drought resistance of Manilagrass;
This potential could for example provide 1. 7 to 2. 8 million average households with electricity and at the same time 2. 8 to 4. 5 million households with heating.
and/or combined heat and power stations but technology must be developed for an environmentally-friendly utilisation stresses Dr. Armin Vetter from TLL who has been operating a straw-fuelled power station for 17 years.
According to the summary of the new study straw-based energy applications should be developed in Germany in particular in those regions with favourable conditions and appropriate power plants.
currently Denmark is considered still to be the world leader in straw-based energy applications. 15 years ago a master plan was introduced there ensuring in the meantime in Germany's northern neighbouring country that over 5 billion kilowatt hours of energy per year is generated from straw.
Burning plant biomass with such energy density to generate electricity would release 30 to 40 percent more energy
or down as a familiar dipole the sun's huge magnetic field oscillates and is less evident at the poles of the sun than at its midsection where sunspots typically occur.
The sun has an AC rather than a DC dynamo says Forest. Although solar max usually gives rise to numerous sunspots as well as big solar flares
and streamers of light observed near the poles of Earth caused by the charged particles from the solar wind colliding with atoms high in the atmosphere.
In 1989 a massive geomagnetic storm caused by a coronal mass ejection during solar max sparked the collapse of the electrical transmission system in Quebec.
Electrical transmission grids can act like a big receiver that doesn't know how to deal with the energy
and coolants in motors and electrical systems but were banned in 1979 in the U s. after studies found that exposure to these compounds caused cancer and other deleterious health effects in animals.
The environmental scientists experts in air quality atmospheric chemistry and ecology have been studying the fate of nitrogen-based compounds that are blown into natural areas from power plants automobile exhaust and--increasingly--industrial agriculture.
With a 90-degree end-to-end rotation it becomes a magnetic semiconductor.**Carbyne chains can take on side molecules that may make the chains suitable for energy storage.*
#Secret of cattle ticks resistance to pesticidescientists have discovered how a tick which transmits devastating diseases to cattle has developed resistance to one of the main pesticides used to kill it.
Approximately 80%of cattle around the world mostly in the tropics and subtropics are exposed to the cattle tick--Rhipicephalis microplus
Now scientists at the University of Glasgow have identified the genetic basis for at least one form of resistance to amitraz
which will allow a genetic test for resistance to be developed. Professor Nicholas Jonsson of the Institute of Biodiversity Animal health and Comparative Medicine said:
Resistance to all the main acaricides is documented well--for example amitraz resistance is seen in about 20%of Australian tick populations and more than 50%of Mexican ticks.
When resistance is found farmers generally increase the frequency of acaricide treatment resulting in increased cost and sometimes undesirable effects on the environment.
The most common response to the diagnosis of acaricide resistance on a farm is to change acaricide classes
but one of the problems faced by farmers is getting a reliable diagnostic test for resistance.
Although a genetic test for resistance is not likely to be perfect the existing bioassays are technically challenging expensive
This research paves the way for a new genetic test for resistance that will help farmers to make management decisions for the control of ticks as well as enable empirical studies on field
and laboratory populations of ticks to test the effectiveness of resistance management strategies. The study was conducted on cattle at the University of Queensland's Pinjarra Hills Campus in Australia where the impact of ticks
There are many theories as to how acaricide resistance can be delayed or accelerated in practice. It has been suggested that rotating between acaricide classes using mixtures of acaricides preserving refugia of untreated populations
and using tick-resistant cattle might all delay the development of resistance. However without empirical studies to test the value of the management strategies it is really impossible to provide evidence-based recommendations to farmers.
Besides areas surrounding coal-fired power plants petroleum refineries copper refineries and mining activities areas around industrial plants producing glass pigments inks
Also better management of weedy plant species that are known to be Se-accumulators can prevent them from becoming a route of exposure.
#Protecting the weedy and wild kin of globally important cropsover the past few decades crop breeders have relied increasingly on the wild and weedy relatives of domesticated crops as new sources of disease resistance drought
and Florida gama grass a source of disease resistance and other useful traits in corn that is only found in Florida and Cuba.
Carbon nanotubes provide many attractive properties including high electrical and thermal conductivity and high strength.
or milligrams of aflatoxin that accumulate over the years in DNA decreased resistance in people
The outdoor setup was powered by solar panels and photographed an Arizona grassland in a panorama four photos high by seven photos wide.
#Diesel or electric? Study offers advice for owners of urban delivery truck fleetsfor owners of delivery truck fleets who may be trying to decide between electric
or diesel vehicles researchers at the Georgia Institute of technology are offering some advice: comparisons of the energy consumption greenhouse gas emissions and total cost of ownership for the medium-duty vehicles.
The advantages of electric versus diesel depend largely on how the trucks will be used--the frequency of stops
and average speeds--and the source of electricity for charging batteries. In city driving with frequent stops the electric trucks clearly outperform diesel vehicles.
On average in the United states electric urban delivery trucks use about 30 percent less total energy and emit about 40 percent less greenhouse gases than diesel trucks for about the same total cost taking into account both the purchase price
and the operating costs said Dong-Yeon Lee a Ph d. student in the Georgia Tech School of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
-and-start driving electric trucks are roughly 50 percent more efficient to operate than diesel trucks overall.
and the regenerative braking systems in electrical vehicles help provide better efficiency. However electric delivery trucks lose their advantage in suburban routes that involve fewer stops and higher average speed.
Electric vehicles have limited a daily range and top speed and without a lot of stops lose their regenerative braking advantage.
Electric vehicles can cost more than their diesel counterparts under certain conditions particularly if high-cost charging systems are used
if the battery must be replaced early or if they are used mainly for highway driving. The relative benefits of the electric vehicles the researchers found depend on vehicle efficiency associated with drive cycle diesel fuel price travel demand electric drive battery replacement
and price electricity generation and transmission efficiency electric truck recharging infrastructure and purchase price. The study findings were reported July 16 2013 in the journal Environmental science and Technology.
The research team took into account the sources of electricity used to charge the electric vehicles in evaluating greenhouse gas emissions.
Electricity produced from hydroelectric sources--more common in the northwest United states--dramatically reduced total greenhouse gas emissions for electric vehicles operated there.
Vehicles operated in states heavily dependent on coal for producing electricity showed higher emissions. In every state in the U s. electric trucks provided some reduction in greenhouse gas emissions with urban routes providing the most advantage.
In about half of the states the electric trucks cut greenhouse gas emissions by a third
or more compared to diesel vehicles. Wild cards in the study included the future costs of both diesel fuel
and electricity and the potential cost of replacing an electric truck's battery pack if it has a shorter-than-expected lifetime.
Lithium-ion battery packs are expected to last the lifetime of the trucks as much as 150000 miles for the drive cycles tested.
Technology advances make predicting the long-term price of electric trucks difficult said Valerie Thomas one of the study's co-authors and a professor in Georgia Tech's Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering and School
Battery price reductions down the road could have a large effect on the cost-competitiveness of electric trucks
The researchers decided to study electric trucks in urban delivery applications because vehicles in these applications tend to travel the same routes each day spend significant amounts of time in stop
The comparison involved a 2011 Smith Newton electric truck powered by a 120 kw electric motor
The researchers were surprised to find that the electric truck had cost advantages over the diesel vehicle under some conditions.
They had expected that costs would always be higher for the electric vehicle especially since the purchase price of the electric truck studied was higher than the diesel truck
--and other models of electric trucks would have larger cost differentials. Over the life of the truck there are many situations in
which the total cost of operating an electric vehicle is less than operating a diesel vehicle noted Marilyn Brown another co-author and a professor in Georgia Tech's School of Public Policy.
Our expectation was that the electric vehicle would provide environmental benefits but at a cost.
We found that particularly in urban settings and in locations with relatively low greenhouse gas emissions from electricity electric delivery trucks both save money
and have environmental benefits. Depending on what happens with vehicle and fuel costs the advantages could swing even farther in the direction of electric vehicles.
The relative benefit of electric trucks over diesel counterparts could be much more significant than one might expect said Lee.
If the electric truck is deployed in the right drive or duty cycle application fleet operators could enjoy higher returns on investment while saving energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Georgia Institute of technology. The original article was written by John Toon.
if the gas produced by the new plants is used to generate electricity the total lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions would be 36 percent to 82 percent higher than pulverized coal-fired power.
and solar electricity Yang said. While we applaud China's rapid development in clean energy we must be cautious about this simultaneous high-carbon leapfrogging.
#Voyager 1 magnetic data surprise intrigues researchersa University of Alabama graduate student and a recent UAH doctoral graduate are exploring surprising data from Voyager 1's crossing of the heliopause
but apparently the predicted magnetic shift has happened not. Scientists expected the magnetic field to change when Voyager crossed that boundary
and blasting them out at a staggering 23 watts for a trip that NASA says now begins in interstellar space.
when a genetically modified trait passes from a crop plant to a closely related weed the weed gains the crop s engineered benefit#resistance to pests for example#only in the presence of the offending insects.
and even more so for herbicide resistance#she said.##oebut we think we know why: It s probably because the pathway regulated by this gene is so important to the plant.#
#Densest array of carbon nanotubes grown to datecarbon nanotubes'outstanding mechanical electrical and thermal properties make them an alluring material to electronics manufacturers.
In microelectronics this approach to growing high-density carbon nanotube forests on conductors can potentially replace
In the future more robust carbon nanotube forests may also help improve thermal interface materials battery electrodes and supercapacitors.
Perfect#Except when insect populations develop resistance to the toxin! To date management strategies implemented to delay the evolution of resistance have been successful.
Notwithstanding the success of these strategies IRD scientists and their South african partners have revealed now that a major pest of maize the moth Busseola fusca has developed an unusual defense mechanism against Bt toxin in South africa.
By contrast with the usual expectations this resistance is inherited as a dominant trait a characteristic that may have contributed to its rapid geographical expansion.
This result recently published in the journal PLOS ONE suggests that insect resistance management should be tuned more finely to local pests
Bt maize and resistance developmentgenetically engineered maize is created by introducing a gene into the plant genome that expresses a toxic protein from a bacterium i e.
However sooner or later insect species may be able to develop a mechanism of resistance against any pesticides.
and in order to delay the evolution of resistance in pest populations the concept of maintaining refuges for Bt susceptible moths was developed.
In line with other known cases of Bt-resistance resistance in Busseola fusca was expected to involve modification of the cells in the gut wall
since 1995 with resistance yet to develop among lepidopteran pests. The exception to the rulehowever about seven years after Bt maize was introduced to South africa in the late 1990's scientists observed resistant Busseola fusca caterpillars
Unlike everything known so far this resistance evolved in the field was inherited as a dominant trait.
A likely new resistance mechanismthis result shows for the first time that resistance to Bt maize can be inherited in a dominant rather than recessive way.
It also explains why resistance has spread rapidly. The moth does not seem to have followed the expected pattern of adaptation.
but it is very likely that Busseola fusca has developed an unconventional resistance mechanism yet to be identified.
In the long term new Insect Resistance Management strategies likely more complex should be developed against Busseola fusca.
Moreover watersheds along the eastern corridor of the United states had been exposed to more acid rain because of the greater number of coal-burning power plants in the region.
When bacteria are exposed to antimicrobial agents they protect themselves by developing resistance. They do so by altering their DNA--either through mutation
or by transferring resistance genes between bacteria. It is therefore important to only use antimicrobial agents as required to prevent overuse.
The experiment setup involved gluing a moth by its thorax to a support structure attaching a series of electrodes to its flight muscles to trigger its wings to beat at a rapid pace
Your shoes clothing and hair can all be allergen magnets. Taking allergy medication long before you head into the great outdoors can help suppress allergy symptoms.
and applied to crop fields contains antibiotic-resistant bacteria resistance genes and about 75 percent of the antibiotics consumed by the animals.
which abnormal electrical impulses in the brain affect a variety of mental and physical functions.
Nookatone also works in a new way so it can be used against insects that develop resistance
In a talk at the 246th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) scientists are describing identification of the genes responsible for pesticide-resistance in bedbugs
which includes 12 other research papers on topics ranging from pesticide resistance to monitoring chemicals in the environment to tick spit.
The surprise discovery we never expected is that most of the genes responsible for pesticide resistance in the bedbug are active in its outer skin-like shell or cuticle.
Zhu's team sifted through the bedbug's genome--its complete set of genes--to identify the genes responsible for this pesticide resistance.
It enabled us to perform quickly an analysis that would have taken years in the 1990s--a genome-wide analysis of the insecticide-resistance related genes in bedbugs.
Zhu cited evidence that bedbugs in laboratory colonies exposed to lethal doses of pyrethroids begin to develop resistance within a few generations
The reports on herbicide resistance and its challenges and how modern agriculture is coping were part of a symposium on the topic at the 246th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) the world's largest scientific society.
and thus sidestep the resistance. They also are turning to herbicides that have residual activity in the soil preventing weed seeds from growing into a new generation of weeds.
They include new herbicide formulations that work in ways that sidestep the resistance mechanisms in today's weeds.
or gel-type electrolytes which have been limited to low-temperature operation of electrochemical devices said Arava Leela Mohana Reddy lead author
We found that a clay-based membrane electrolyte is a game-changing breakthrough that overcomes one of the key limitations of high-temperature operation of electrochemical energy devices Reddy said.
A supercapacitor combines the best qualities of capacitors that charge in seconds and discharge energy in a burst and rechargeable batteries that charge slowly but release energy on demand over time.
In particular researchers have struggled to find an electrolyte which conducts ions between a battery's electrodes that won't break down
The separator keeps the electrolyte on the anode and cathode sides of a traditional battery apart
while allowing ions to pass through). Our innovation has been to identify an unconventional electrolyte/separator system that remains stable at high temperatures Ajayan said.
The Rice researchers led by Reddy and Rachel Borges solved both problems at once. First they investigated using room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILS) developed in 2009 by European and Australian researchers.
By biasing fertilisation in favour of MHC-dissimilar males females increase the diversity of MHC within their offspring providing them with better disease resistance.
The region is downwind of the Ohio river Valley coal power plants and experienced high amounts of acidic pollution--caused by sulfur dioxide emissions--in the 20th century.
Because of the suppressed economy during the Great depression coal power plants were less productive and the Ohio river Valley had reduced fossil fuel emissions.
and infectious disease resistance--will likely have caused many genetic adaptations of this kind. We need lactase
However this success is threatened now by factors such as a growing resistance to insecticides among mosquitoes.
The tremendous progress made in malaria control in the last decade is threatened now by mosquito resistance to the insecticides available for long-lasting insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying.
so its genome is a good model to understand how drug resistance develops in this complex group of closely related parasites
and other worms of this type acquire resistance to a wide range of anthelmintics#the drugs used to treat worm infections#says Dr James Cotton senior author from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.#
#oeseeing a common theme of drug resistance in this well-characterised worm is extremely important because both people and animals are reliant on so few treatments against parasitic worms.#
By comparing this sequence with that of worms that have acquired drug resistance the researchers expect to reveal a wealth of information about how
and why resistance has occurred.##oethe H. contortus genome provides a rich and essential platform for future research in this
Getting to grips with genomes such as that of H. contortus is our best option to tackle the issue of drug resistance
and begins to unravel why resistance has occurred in these genes.##oenot only is this worm closely related to many other parasites of livestock it is also similar to some species of worms in humans.#
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