because in preliminary greenhouse experiments they showed varying degrees of salmonella resistance said Max Teplitski a UF associate professor of soil and water science.
With the ability to rear western bean cutworm in the laboratory it may be possible in the future to select strains with varying levels of Cry1f toxin susceptibilities which could in turn be used to investigate the genetic basis of resistance.
It also is light flexible and able to conduct electricity as well as copper. Graphene-based electronics promise advances such as faster internet speeds cheaper solar cells novel sensors space suits spun from graphene yarn and more.
The pellets are burned to produce electricity or heat. There is a growing market for pelletized Miscanthus in the U s
Scientists are looking at its biology behavior food and odor preferences and pesticide resistance. Many researchers are working hard to study the biology of this insect through basic and applied projects
The fruit's impact resistance is mainly due to the hierarchical structuring of the peel which is made up of a graded fiber-reinforced foam.
The calculations should be of great interest to those who use nanoparticles as probes in Raman spectroscopy where quantum tunneling between particles can dampen electric fields
Longer-term strategies focus on introducing genes to the Chinese oilseed rape plants to build disease resistance.
The timber of many of the 198 species is of great economic interest because of its excellent insect and fungus resistance.
#Delaying resistance to Bt corn in western corn rootwormcorn that contains proteins that protect it from insect damage has been grown in the U s. since the mid-1990s.
which has been documented to show resistance to the Bt proteins. In a new article in the Journal of Integrated Pest Management--an open-access peer-reviewed extension journal--the authors explain why this has occurred
In Resistance to Bt Corn by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the U s. Corn belt Drs.
Finally fitness costs--or negative effects--of resistance in rootworms appear to be low. One approach to IRM is not necessarily optimal for all insect pests according to the authors who recommend that growers use the following IPM approaches to delay further rootworm resistance to Bt corn:
-Rotate to soybean or other crops to break the corn rootworm life cycle between growing seasons. -Occasionally rotate to a non-Bt corn hybrid
and woody plant providing new insights into the comprehensive understanding of plants'salt tolerance and drought resistance.
but face the main problem of generating resistance by the acari which reduces its effectiveness;
and cheaper the acari doesn't develop resistance to it nor it generates residue on honey
Higher nut consumption also has been linked to reductions in cholesterol levels oxidative stress inflammation adiposity and insulin resistance.
'Observations of a number of'Carotex-312'plantings in Texas and the results of prior research with the parental lines used to develop'Carotex-312'also suggested that the new cultivar has several potentially useful disease-resistance attributes.
This could help to reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance she adds. In previous studies the working groups from the Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics at Freie Universitat Berlin found that feeding E. faecium probiotic did not change the general swine intestinal microbiota
Insulin resistance also associated with obesity may be another possible mechanism linking obesity and delayed onset of lactation.
Lactating women manifest lower blood glucose and insulin concentrations and emerging evidence indicates that lactation may decrease insulin resistance.
For example the described technique is used to develop tomatoes with resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus
#New antifungal composition effectively inhibits wide variety of fungiin order to overcome resistance to antifungal variety of pathogenic fungi
Because many fungal pathogens develop resistance to prolonged treatment with antifungal drugs it is desirable to find alternatives for their control in medical agricultural and those applications in which the fungi cause damage.
and insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction explains Dr. Klimis-Zacas a Professor of clinical nutrition at the University of Maine
and disease resistance Fei says. Kiwifruit originated from the mountains and ranges of southwestern China and was known not really to the world until the early 20th century
They uncovered about 8000 genes that were common among all five species. The comparison revealed important evolutionary relationships including the development genes related to fruit growth ripening nutrient metabolism and disease resistance.
and that mast cells can also enhance innate resistance to honeybee venom. Such innate immune responses do not require prior immunization or the development of specific antibodies.
and it may avoid the problem of HIV resistance to antiretroviral regimens that complicate maternal/infant applications.
The scientists concluded that substrate depth was the most significant factor that improved growth and drought resistance of Manilagrass;
This potential could for example provide 1. 7 to 2. 8 million average households with electricity and at the same time 2. 8 to 4. 5 million households with heating.
and/or combined heat and power stations but technology must be developed for an environmentally-friendly utilisation stresses Dr. Armin Vetter from TLL who has been operating a straw-fuelled power station for 17 years.
According to the summary of the new study straw-based energy applications should be developed in Germany in particular in those regions with favourable conditions and appropriate power plants.
Burning plant biomass with such energy density to generate electricity would release 30 to 40 percent more energy
The environmental scientists experts in air quality atmospheric chemistry and ecology have been studying the fate of nitrogen-based compounds that are blown into natural areas from power plants automobile exhaust and--increasingly--industrial agriculture.
#Secret of cattle ticks resistance to pesticidescientists have discovered how a tick which transmits devastating diseases to cattle has developed resistance to one of the main pesticides used to kill it.
Approximately 80%of cattle around the world mostly in the tropics and subtropics are exposed to the cattle tick--Rhipicephalis microplus
Now scientists at the University of Glasgow have identified the genetic basis for at least one form of resistance to amitraz
which will allow a genetic test for resistance to be developed. Professor Nicholas Jonsson of the Institute of Biodiversity Animal health and Comparative Medicine said:
Resistance to all the main acaricides is documented well--for example amitraz resistance is seen in about 20%of Australian tick populations and more than 50%of Mexican ticks.
When resistance is found farmers generally increase the frequency of acaricide treatment resulting in increased cost and sometimes undesirable effects on the environment.
The most common response to the diagnosis of acaricide resistance on a farm is to change acaricide classes
but one of the problems faced by farmers is getting a reliable diagnostic test for resistance.
Although a genetic test for resistance is not likely to be perfect the existing bioassays are technically challenging expensive
This research paves the way for a new genetic test for resistance that will help farmers to make management decisions for the control of ticks as well as enable empirical studies on field
and laboratory populations of ticks to test the effectiveness of resistance management strategies. The study was conducted on cattle at the University of Queensland's Pinjarra Hills Campus in Australia where the impact of ticks
There are many theories as to how acaricide resistance can be delayed or accelerated in practice. It has been suggested that rotating between acaricide classes using mixtures of acaricides preserving refugia of untreated populations
and using tick-resistant cattle might all delay the development of resistance. However without empirical studies to test the value of the management strategies it is really impossible to provide evidence-based recommendations to farmers.
Besides areas surrounding coal-fired power plants petroleum refineries copper refineries and mining activities areas around industrial plants producing glass pigments inks
#Protecting the weedy and wild kin of globally important cropsover the past few decades crop breeders have relied increasingly on the wild and weedy relatives of domesticated crops as new sources of disease resistance drought
and Florida gama grass a source of disease resistance and other useful traits in corn that is only found in Florida and Cuba.
or milligrams of aflatoxin that accumulate over the years in DNA decreased resistance in people
and average speeds--and the source of electricity for charging batteries. In city driving with frequent stops the electric trucks clearly outperform diesel vehicles.
and price electricity generation and transmission efficiency electric truck recharging infrastructure and purchase price. The study findings were reported July 16 2013 in the journal Environmental science and Technology.
The research team took into account the sources of electricity used to charge the electric vehicles in evaluating greenhouse gas emissions.
Electricity produced from hydroelectric sources--more common in the northwest United states--dramatically reduced total greenhouse gas emissions for electric vehicles operated there.
Vehicles operated in states heavily dependent on coal for producing electricity showed higher emissions. In every state in the U s. electric trucks provided some reduction in greenhouse gas emissions with urban routes providing the most advantage.
and electricity and the potential cost of replacing an electric truck's battery pack if it has a shorter-than-expected lifetime.
and in locations with relatively low greenhouse gas emissions from electricity electric delivery trucks both save money
if the gas produced by the new plants is used to generate electricity the total lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions would be 36 percent to 82 percent higher than pulverized coal-fired power.
and solar electricity Yang said. While we applaud China's rapid development in clean energy we must be cautious about this simultaneous high-carbon leapfrogging.
when a genetically modified trait passes from a crop plant to a closely related weed the weed gains the crop s engineered benefit#resistance to pests for example#only in the presence of the offending insects.
and even more so for herbicide resistance#she said.##oebut we think we know why: It s probably because the pathway regulated by this gene is so important to the plant.#
Perfect#Except when insect populations develop resistance to the toxin! To date management strategies implemented to delay the evolution of resistance have been successful.
Notwithstanding the success of these strategies IRD scientists and their South african partners have revealed now that a major pest of maize the moth Busseola fusca has developed an unusual defense mechanism against Bt toxin in South africa.
By contrast with the usual expectations this resistance is inherited as a dominant trait a characteristic that may have contributed to its rapid geographical expansion.
This result recently published in the journal PLOS ONE suggests that insect resistance management should be tuned more finely to local pests
Bt maize and resistance developmentgenetically engineered maize is created by introducing a gene into the plant genome that expresses a toxic protein from a bacterium i e.
However sooner or later insect species may be able to develop a mechanism of resistance against any pesticides.
and in order to delay the evolution of resistance in pest populations the concept of maintaining refuges for Bt susceptible moths was developed.
In line with other known cases of Bt-resistance resistance in Busseola fusca was expected to involve modification of the cells in the gut wall
since 1995 with resistance yet to develop among lepidopteran pests. The exception to the rulehowever about seven years after Bt maize was introduced to South africa in the late 1990's scientists observed resistant Busseola fusca caterpillars
Unlike everything known so far this resistance evolved in the field was inherited as a dominant trait.
A likely new resistance mechanismthis result shows for the first time that resistance to Bt maize can be inherited in a dominant rather than recessive way.
It also explains why resistance has spread rapidly. The moth does not seem to have followed the expected pattern of adaptation.
but it is very likely that Busseola fusca has developed an unconventional resistance mechanism yet to be identified.
In the long term new Insect Resistance Management strategies likely more complex should be developed against Busseola fusca.
Moreover watersheds along the eastern corridor of the United states had been exposed to more acid rain because of the greater number of coal-burning power plants in the region.
When bacteria are exposed to antimicrobial agents they protect themselves by developing resistance. They do so by altering their DNA--either through mutation
or by transferring resistance genes between bacteria. It is therefore important to only use antimicrobial agents as required to prevent overuse.
and applied to crop fields contains antibiotic-resistant bacteria resistance genes and about 75 percent of the antibiotics consumed by the animals.
Nookatone also works in a new way so it can be used against insects that develop resistance
In a talk at the 246th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) scientists are describing identification of the genes responsible for pesticide-resistance in bedbugs
which includes 12 other research papers on topics ranging from pesticide resistance to monitoring chemicals in the environment to tick spit.
The surprise discovery we never expected is that most of the genes responsible for pesticide resistance in the bedbug are active in its outer skin-like shell or cuticle.
Zhu's team sifted through the bedbug's genome--its complete set of genes--to identify the genes responsible for this pesticide resistance.
It enabled us to perform quickly an analysis that would have taken years in the 1990s--a genome-wide analysis of the insecticide-resistance related genes in bedbugs.
Zhu cited evidence that bedbugs in laboratory colonies exposed to lethal doses of pyrethroids begin to develop resistance within a few generations
The reports on herbicide resistance and its challenges and how modern agriculture is coping were part of a symposium on the topic at the 246th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) the world's largest scientific society.
and thus sidestep the resistance. They also are turning to herbicides that have residual activity in the soil preventing weed seeds from growing into a new generation of weeds.
They include new herbicide formulations that work in ways that sidestep the resistance mechanisms in today's weeds.
By biasing fertilisation in favour of MHC-dissimilar males females increase the diversity of MHC within their offspring providing them with better disease resistance.
The region is downwind of the Ohio river Valley coal power plants and experienced high amounts of acidic pollution--caused by sulfur dioxide emissions--in the 20th century.
Because of the suppressed economy during the Great depression coal power plants were less productive and the Ohio river Valley had reduced fossil fuel emissions.
and infectious disease resistance--will likely have caused many genetic adaptations of this kind. We need lactase
However this success is threatened now by factors such as a growing resistance to insecticides among mosquitoes.
The tremendous progress made in malaria control in the last decade is threatened now by mosquito resistance to the insecticides available for long-lasting insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying.
so its genome is a good model to understand how drug resistance develops in this complex group of closely related parasites
and other worms of this type acquire resistance to a wide range of anthelmintics#the drugs used to treat worm infections#says Dr James Cotton senior author from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.#
#oeseeing a common theme of drug resistance in this well-characterised worm is extremely important because both people and animals are reliant on so few treatments against parasitic worms.#
By comparing this sequence with that of worms that have acquired drug resistance the researchers expect to reveal a wealth of information about how
and why resistance has occurred.##oethe H. contortus genome provides a rich and essential platform for future research in this
Getting to grips with genomes such as that of H. contortus is our best option to tackle the issue of drug resistance
and begins to unravel why resistance has occurred in these genes.##oenot only is this worm closely related to many other parasites of livestock it is also similar to some species of worms in humans.#
Its resistance to heat and water stress allows it to grow in poor dryland regions as a staple food resource for 500 million poor people in Africa
and test whether it has the preharvest sprouting resistance gene rather than finding out once the crop grows.
and look for a naturally occurring resistance gene. Gill said without the sequenced segments finding the PHS gene would have been impossible.
and other diseases in part because organisms cannot change the makeup of their membrane so it would be very difficult for them to develop resistance to such drugs.
The researchers who conducted the genetic analysis of strains of Staphylococcus aureus known as CC97 say these strains developed resistance to methicillin after they crossed over into humans around forty years ago.
which indicates that the bacteria acquired resistance after they crossed over into humans presumably through exposure to antibiotics prescribed for treating human infections.
And all wood-and biomass-burning stoves were replaced with cleaner modern stoves that use electricity or natural gas for energy.
and electricity designing a product that consumers will actually buy is complicated a process. More often than not such products--even those that are distributed at no charge--go unused due to poor quality unreliability or differences in cultural expectations.
and its Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) will continue the measurements from MODIS. The satellite provides two additional daily observations.
and recover from EAB invasion with research on the insect ash trees'resistance to EAB and biological control.
the Global Precipitation Measurement mission to launch in early 2014 and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite currently in orbit.
If every new power plant or factory in the world produced zero emissions we'd still see impact from the existing infrastructure and from gases already released.
The team used a combined experimental and computational approach to overcome the knowledge gap hindering the production of reliable micro-and nano-electromechanical devices.
Lastly unlike the molecules in chemical plant-protection products viruses are able to mutate which limits the development of resistance in their host.
and resistance is rising but little effort has been made to develop better drugs because the relevant populations do not represent a profitable market for drug companies.
Sanitation and sterilization are enormous obstacles without reliable electricity said Rice photonics pioneer Naomi Halas the director of LANP
and servers sold in the United states. A new study shows that large server farms can in fact cut electricity use
the amount of electricity a data center's building uses for things other than computing primarily cooling;
and how much of the center's electricity comes from renewable or low-carbon sources. Adding renewable power to the mix can help reduce a data center's overall emissions by 98 percent
Electricity is a major cost for these companies and in many of the countries where they operate carbon emissions have a cost
Other ways to avoid wasting electricity include faster computers that pay for themselves fairly quickly and using flash memory on the motherboard instead of hard disks.
Data centers consume about 1. 5 percent of the world's electricity and are responsible for about 0. 5 percent of carbon emissions.
A key measurement of efficiency is the ratio of electricity used to perform computations to the amount of power consumed for secondary support like cooling
Once those two areas are maximized sourcing electricity from renewables like wind and solar power plus green handling of retired equipment can get a typical data center's emissions down 98 percent.
Most centers get their electricity from the local utility rather than generate it themselves he said.
Meanwhile hydroelectric power plants are seen as crucial to sustaining industrial development and expanding economic opportunities. The Volta Basin is already home to the massive Akosombo Dam
The NUS team hopes that their water purification methods can benefit communities living in places where there is little electricity
But that places huge pressure on the weeds to acquire herbicide resistance by hook or by crook.
The mechanism of herbicide resistance that is bred into the crop is pretty simple Olsen says.
So it would be pretty easy for random mutations to confer resistance on the weeds.
The other possibility is that resistance genes will migrate from the crop to the weeds.
and germination rate to the speed of growth the competitive ability and the resistance against herbivores like caterpillars.
The current rise of bacterial resistance to antibiotics underscores the importance of developing another approach.
The study improved our understanding of the re-prioritization process by suggesting that inflammatory pathways promote a temporary state of insulin resistance in dairy cows resulting in conservation of glucose for use by the mammary gland Bradford said.
and Agriculture indicate that inflammation-induced insulin resistance is in some cases an adaptive rather than pathological phenomenon.
Cutter suggested that concerns about antibiotic resistance and animal-welfare issues in large animal-agriculture operations that supply food to supermarket chains may explain why consumers are switching to locally grown and locally processed foods.
As fears rise over antibiotic resistance two experts on The british Medical Journal website today debate
Based on a growing body of evidence almost every European and North american public health authority agrees that routine antibiotic use in animal food production likely worsens the epidemic of resistance he writes.
But Veterinarian David Burch argues that medicated animal feed poses no additional risk of resistance development than giving a human patient an oral antimicrobial.
but says given the thorough risk assessments concerning antimicrobial resistance by the regulatory authorities it is considered highly unlikely that the use of adding antibiotics to feed poses a serious risk to humans especially in comparison with the extensive use of antibiotics directly in human patients.
When electricity passes through a layer of silicon oxide it strips away oxygen molecules and creates a channel of pure metallic phase silicon that is less than five nanometers wide.
Normal operating voltages can repeatedly break and heal the channel which can be read as
Setting adjacent bits to the on state--usually a condition that leads to voltage leaks and data corruption in a 1r crossbar structure--had no effect on the information he said.
Our discovery of a second receptor in the mosquitoes'sodium channel gives us a better understanding of how the insecticide works at a molecular level as well as could lead to ways to stem mosquitoes'resistance to pyrethroids.
In the last decade growing resistance in mosquitoes has been detected in many countries. At the molecular level resistance appears as mutations in the primary receptor in the sodium channel that allow mosquitoes to survive exposure to the insecticide.
The discovery of the second receptor in the sodium channel however opens up more avenues to increase pyrethroids'effectiveness.
The revelation not only explains much of pyrethroid resistance found in mosquito populations worldwide but also helps answer why they affect insects but not humans and other mammals.
and monitoring of pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes and other arthropod pests Dong said. It could have broad impacts in agriculture and medicine that affect people's lives especially in developing countries.
In particular the PTPRF gene which is known to suppress intracellular signals that are triggered usually by insulin binding to its receptor on the cell surface may serve as a biomarker linking insulin resistance with insufficient milk supply.
In particular the PTPRF gene which is known to suppress intracellular signals that are triggered usually by insulin binding to its receptor on the cell surface may serve as a biomarker linking insulin resistance with insufficient milk supply.
By combining this trait with other plant traits such as improved disease resistance the researchers expect that there is potential to produce improved seeds for agriculture.
Researchers tested the S. aureus isolated from nose swabs for resistance to a range of antibiotics
The gas is transported through an internal combustion area that produces energy for heat and electricity. I expect there to be more improvement as we continue be more efficient continue to do more with less
#Survey shows increase in resistance to drug therapies among bovine respiratory disease casesa survey of records of bovine respiratory disease cases at the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory showed that drug resistance in one of the primary
Until now one of the aspects that has not been studied very well is linked the cost to antimicrobial resistance in BRD cases he said.
The study was funded internally by the diagnostic lab. Using resistance to three or more antimicrobials as the definition of multi-drug resistance 63 percent of the bacteria would be classified as multidrug resistant in 2011 compared with 46 percent in 2010 and 42 percent in 2009.
The results of the study were published by the Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. Antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine has received a considerable amount of recognition as a potential factor leading to antimicrobial resistance in human medicine Lubbers said.
However the contribution of multidrug resistance to limited or failed therapy in veterinary patients has received much less attention.
Because there are a limited number of antimicrobial drugs that can be used for treatment of BRD pathogens Lubbers said multidrug resistance in those pathogens poses a severe threat to the livestock industry.
We (KSVDL) consider this type of information to be part of our active ongoing disease surveillance
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