Even though making concrete is less energy intensive than making steel or other building materials we use so much of it that concrete production accounts for between 3 to 8 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions Riding said.
The researchers collaborated with the University of Texas North carolina State university and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden Colo.
and regained their energy more quickly than did the pigs in the control group. And the researchers detected no adverse affects associated with the lysozyme-rich milk.
#Making fuel from bacteriain the search for the fuels of tomorrow Swedish researchers are finding inspiration in the sea.
Not in offshore oil wells but in the water where blue-green algae thrive. The building blocks of blue-green algae#sunlight carbon dioxide and bacteria#are being used by researchers at KTH Royal Institute of technology in Stockholm to produce butanol a hydrocarbon-like fuel for motor vehicles.
A bacterium that produces cheap fuel by sunlight and carbon dioxide could change the world. Hudson agrees.#
and corn ethanol production is influenced also by the price of oil since corn requires transport.#
so that the end product becomes longer hydrocarbons that can fully function as a substitute for gasoline.
There are also plans to develop fuel from cyanobacteria that are more energetic and therefore particularly suitable for aircraft engines.
thus cutting the cells'energy source and eventually killing them. Three years ago researchers showed the effect of bitter melon extract on breast cancer cells only in a Petri dish.
We show that it affects the glucose metabolism pathway to restrict energy and kill pancreatic cancer cells says Rajesh Agarwal Phd co-program leader of Cancer Prevention and Control at the CU Cancer Center and professor at the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
and an activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase an enzyme that indicates low energy levels in the cells.
Many researchers are engineering new drugs to target cancer cells'ability to supply themselves with energy
By encouraging cows to lie down producers will also help their cows conserve energy. Allen recommended future studies to see how cows respond to different cooling systems.
or burned for fuel. Better yet the fungi can be propagated without sunlight or much human oversight in simple trays at room temperature--no immense greenhouses with costly temperature-control systems needed.
and snow cover on the large land mass that surrounds the Arctic ocean thereby increasing the amount of solar energy absorbed by the no longer energy-reflecting surface.
Careful introduction of new species for production of more energy per acre is increasingly critical as is the evaluation of new
Biofuels are of mounting economic and ecological importance with the federal government calling for production of 36 billion gallons of biofuel by 2022 about 11.3 percent of all liquid fuel consumption.
which biofuel stocks will be incentivized using the renewable fuel standard mandate. According to our analysis current noxious weed laws do not provide adequate protection to prevent invasions in natural areas
and we have shared a responsibility for proper stewardship of these landscapes said Lauren Quinn a research associate at the Energy Biosciences Institute at the University of Illinois-Urbana
Other coauthors are James S n. Mccubbins and A. Bryan Endres both attorneys with the Energy Biosciences Institute.
more precisea screening tool from the U s. Department of energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) eases and greatly quickens one of the thorniest tasks in the biofuels industry:
When it comes to making fuels out of trees crops grasses or algae it's all about the cell walls of the plants.
The Energy Independence and Security Act requires that the United states produce 21 billion gallons of non-corn-based biofuel by 2022.
HTAP can potentially reduce the amount of energy needed for ethanol production said NREL's Mark Davis principal investigator on the HTAP project.
Other partners using NREL's rapid analytical tool for fuel research besides Arborgen are the University of Florida the University of Georgia Greenwood Resources the Bioenergy Science Center
The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The original article was written by Bill Scanlon.
The dynamic model could also be used to predict other outputs such as energy consumption and generation. With dynamic modeling we can better understand the behaviour of the treatment plant over time says senior author Fariborz Haghighat professor in Concordia's Department of Building Civil and Environmental Engineering and Concordia Research Chair
in Energy and Environment. With this knowledge we can then recommend a strategy to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas
and also improve energy efficiency. Models such as this are used to simulate the behaviour of a particular management system
Other species including the oil bee Macropis patellata showed more gradual declines. Although few species were found to have declined severely more than half of all bee species changed in proportion over time with 29 percent of the species decreasing and 27 percent increasing.
or energy--of moving from one step to another in a complex logistical operation or they could represent the strength of the correlations between the movie preferences of customers of an online video service.
The group determined that making their own filament in an insulated Recyclebot used about 1/10th the energy needed to acquire commercial 3d filament.
They also calculated that they used less energy than it would take to recycle milk jugs conventionally.
and deploy modern technology to obtain higher yields without increasing the amount of energy required.
The production of nitrogen fertilizer is also energy intensive which further increases the climate balance of unused nitrogen.
organic versus conventional farmingorganic farming is more energy efficient and produces less land-specific CO2 emissions.
We have a workable model that will enable us to identify the causes of low energy efficiency
#Estimates reduce amount of additional land available for biofuel production by almost 80%Amid efforts to expand production of biofuels scientists are reporting new estimates that downgrade the amount of additional land available for growing fuel
Ceramics are used in a wide variety of technologies including body armor fuel cells spark plugs nuclear rods and superconductors.
Most are made out of petroleum and a piece of plastic if it misses the recycling bin
Rather than tapping a barrel of oil to obtain starting materials Tang's research group
The rosin and turpentine derived from their wood is rich in hydrocarbons similar but not identical to some components of petroleum.
Hydrocarbon-rich starting materials whether from petroleum or tree resin can be converted into various forms of
With petroleum derivatives scientists have invested more than a hundred years of research into refining the polymer chemistry involved
Renewable polymers currently suffer from inferior performance in comparison to those derived from petroleum Tang said.
If we can establish clear structure-property relationships we will be able to achieve the kinds of results we now get from polymers made from petroleum.
Amanda Padovan who led this project explained The main defence against predation of Eucalyptus is a cocktail of terpene oils including monoterpenes sesquiterpenes and FPCS
#Discoveries of new exoplanets have flowed like oil from a gushing wellhead in recent years. The number has topped 850
because globally plants and the oceans absorb around half of the carbon dioxide that humans release into the air through the use of fossil fuels.
#Avoiding virus dangers in domesticating wild plants for biofuel usein our ongoing quest for alternative energy sources researchers are looking more to plants that grow in the wild for use in biofuels plants such as switchgrass.
The administration has taken a number of steps to meet those goals such as investing billions of dollars in wind solar and other carbon-neutral energy technologies.
Their findings are summarized in a report by Stanford's Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP.
We need to start thinking about how to implement a negative-emissions energy strategy on a global scale.
when more greenhouse gases are sequestered than are released into the atmosphere explained Milne an energy assessment analyst at GCEP.
A typical BECCS system converts woody biomass grass and other vegetation into electricity chemical products or fuels such as ethanol.
The first project was launched in 2009 by the Department of energy at a corn ethanol production facility in Decatur Ill. operated by the Archer daniel midlands Company.
and other industries fueled by coal natural gas and oil. Capturing and sequestering those emissions could play a significant role in curbing global warming.
To make the process carbon negative researchers have proposed a BECCS co-fired power plant that runs on a mixture of fossil fuel (such as coal) and vegetation (wood grass or straw for example.
But according to the GCEP report major technical and economic hurdles must be overcome such as the relative inefficiency of biomass fuels and the high cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS.
We're going to be burning fossil fuels for many years to come said Field who also serves as director of the Carnegie Institution Department of Global Ecology at Stanford.
BECCS is one of the only proven technologies that uses fossil fuels and actually removes CO2 from the atmosphere.
Biochar is a plant byproduct similar to charcoal that can be made from lumber waste dried corn stalks and other plant residues.
and replacement of gasoline with ethanol the GCEP authors wrote. However questions remain about the long-term effects of ethanol combustion on climate.
or fuels mechanical trees do not generate power and in fact require natural gas to operate. Following the 2012 negative-emissions workshop GCEP issued an international request for proposals to develop net-negative carbon emissions technologies.
The study finds it is necessary to use tools that consider both fuel characteristics and weather conditions when planning these prescribed fires.
and cover fuel moisture content and the amount of dry matter present. Researchers found that the best time to ignite preemptive fires was
when fuel moisture content--the amount of water a fuel holds expressed as a percentage of its dry weight--was close to 120 percent
and fuel load were all low. Their results showed that a fuel load of 94 grams per square meter is sufficient to support savanna fires in West Africa--less than half of
what's required for savanna fires to propagate in South africa. This is likely due to high grass cover and fast wind speeds.
and ample fuel supplies they become uncontrollable and can travel large distances destroying infrastructure wreaking havoc on ecosystems releasing millions of tonnes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and costing billions of dollars in damage.
in order to limit dangerous fuel build up. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by World Agroforestry Centre.
The potential of spectral analysisused in everything from baked goods to trendy edamame and livestock feed to cooking oil the huge array of uses for soybeans has scientists looking for the most efficient ways to grow them.
#oefurthermore energy costs (electricity or diesel) will be lower as there will be less need for them to pump groundwater for irrigation#Haris says.
#Lack of energy an enemy to antibiotic-resistant microbesrice University researchers cured a strain of bacteria of its ability to resist an antibiotic in an experiment that has implications for a longstanding public health crisis. Rice environmental engineer Pedro Alvarez
Over 120 generations the starving bacteria chose to conserve valuable energy rather than use it to pass on the plasmid--a small
because there is a metabolic burden a high energy cost to keeping them. The Rice researchers tested their theory on two strains of bacteria P. aeruginosa
but it's enough to have bacteria notice a deficiency in their ability to obtain energy from the environment and feel the stress to dump resistant genes.
and alternatives to traditional combustible tobacco says Robin Mermelstein director of the UIC institute and principal investigator of the National Cancer Institute-funded study.
More diverse areas had less persistent ground litter making high-intensity fires less likely to recur than in single-species grasslands with more litter serving as fuel.
Carbon dioxide increases each year as a result of burning fossil fuels and deforestation. But the amount it goes up from one year to the next depends on
and oil cracking processes and is used also in gas sensors sunscreen products and cosmetic creams.
ENA energies observed in the ribbon correlate to the speed of the solar wind which is slower (around 1 million miles per hour) at low latitudes and faster (up to 2 million miles per hour) at high latitudes.
because it so directly reflects the latitudinal structure of the solar wind says Mccomas. Simulations using a realistic solar wind structure showed remarkably good association with the IBEX data closely reproducing the observed ribbon structure location and latitudinal ordering by energy.
According to the University of Granada and San Cecilio researcher Juan Pedro Arrebola human adipose tissue (commonly known as fat) acts as an energy reservoir and has an important metabolic function.
and plant oils. The U s. currently does not have recommended a daily intake of omega-3s though many doctors and nutritionists recommend between 1200-1600 milligrams daily depending on a person's age and health.
The Madeira river basin for example is threatened by oil exploration deforestation and dams in its headwaters even though protected areas cover 26%of the catchment area.
It forms at the global minimum (energy) for carbon atoms--they go there willingly. But boron is a different story.
The Department of energy (DOE) supported the research. Computations were performed on the National Science Foundation-funded Data analysis and Visualization Cyberinfrastructure at Rice along with resources at the National Institute for Computational Sciences and the DOE's National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Rice university. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
In the future makers of advanced biofuels might use a similar strategy blending different feedstock varieties to balance the energy characteristics of the transportation fuel they produce.
A collaborative study by researchers with the U s. Department of energy (DOE)' s Joint Bioenergy Institute (JBEI) a bioenergy research center led by Berkeley Lab
and densifying a wide range of feedstocks has significant potential for helping to make biofuels a cost-competitive transportation fuel technology.
and densification on the efficiency at which the complex polysaccharides in cellulosic biomass could be converted into fermentable sugars for fuel production.
but not much scientific attention has been paid to the efficiency of converting mixtures of feedstocks into fermentable sugars and fuels.
and that the burning of fossil fuels is releasing an additional 9 billion metric tons of excess atmosphere-warming carbon each year both the planet and the American economy stand to benefit from a large-scale domestic advanced
and could displace gasoline diesel and jet fuel on a gallon-for-gallon basis and be dropped directly into today's engines and infrastructures.
The sugars in lignocellulosic biomass however are complex polysaccharides that are embedded deeply within a very recalcitrant material called lignin.
Researchers at INL have been investigating ways to increase the energy densities of biomass feedstocks and make delivery to refineries much more economical.
Milling feedstocks into flour or pellets is an effective process for large-scale energy densification but before this latest study it was unknown as to how densification of single
Pellets because of their higher energy density would be preferred the form. Our work is the first demonstration that ionic liquid pretreatments can effectively handle mixed
The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Department of energy grant DE-SC0005108; NOAA grant NA08OAR4320912; institutional support of the International Pacific Research center (JAMSTEC NOAA and NASA.
Advice commonly given to consumers includes reducing the number of flights taken replacing energy-hungry appliances and lightbulbs with energy efficient ones and eating less red meat.
But in a new discussion paper by UEA's Centre for Behavioural and Experimental Social science Dr Perino says that once the EU ETS cap is in place installing energy efficient lightbulbs flying less
Buying energy efficient appliances still makes a lot of sense as they often save more on electricity bills than the extra cost incurred in buying them
and other sectors with low energy intensity he said. Driving your car less eating less red meat
Reducing our individual energy use particularly that of our travel our houses and our appliances is the quickest
because bud burst causes an abrupt change in how quickly energy water and pol lu tants are exchanged between the land and the atmos phere.
Once the leaves come out energy from the sun is used increas ingly to evap o rate water from the leaves rather than to heat up the sur face.
of poplar tree proteins published by a team from the Department of energy's Oak ridge National Laboratory. Populus a fast-growing perennial tree holds potential as a bioenergy crop due to its ability to produce large amounts of biomass on nonagricultural land.
Now a study by ORNL scientists with the Department of energy's Bioenergy Science Center has provided the most comprehensive look to date at poplar's proteome the suite of proteins produced by a plant's cells.
Now scientist Jeffrey Chambers and colleagues at the U s. Department of energy's (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab have devised an analytical method that combines satellite images simulation modeling
This study was funded by the U s. Department of energy's Office of Science and the National aeronautics and space administration. Story Source:
The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
when oil is heated to temperatures suitable for deep frying potentially carcinogenic compounds can form in the fried food.
These toxic compounds are increased with reuse of oil and increased length of frying time. Foods cooked with high heat also contain high levels of advanced glycation endproducts or AGES
When the additional waves of moisture bump into developing monsoons Famiglietti said it's like throwing fuel on a fire.
Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA. Sequoia once topped list of the world's most powerful supercomputers boasting 1572864 compute cores (processors)
when he attended a two-week summer program at Lawrence Livermore computing facility in 1994 sponsored by the Department of energy.
In addition to jet noise simulations Stanford researchers in the Predictive Science Academic Alliance Program (PSAAP) sponsored by the Department of energy are using the Charles code to investigate advanced-concept scramjet propulsion systems used in hypersonic flight
and provide shellfish fuel baitfish and opportunities for recreational anglers. A lot of those harvests are probably sustainable.
Burning coal is the main way that humans continue to add to the vast amounts of tiny sulphate particulates in the atmosphere.
In all plants an enzyme called Rubisco facilitates a reaction that captures carbon dioxide from the air the first step in producing sucrose the energy-rich product of photosynthesis that powers the plant.
Triglycerides are a crucial source of energy for the immune system. We could potentially strengthen the immune system by providing this bacterium to animals at a stage
when they are need in of additional energy said Janet Donaldson assistant professor in Biological sciences Mississippi State university.
By providing an alternative energy source the pigs are most likely going to be able to fight off infections more efficiently.
Normally R. opacus would use the triglycerides for its own energy but a pig can use the triglycerides too.
Jeff Carroll research leader for the USDA Agricultural research service Livestock Issues Research Unit in Lubbock Texas said R. opacus could be used sort of like an energy producing probiotic.
The stress of weaning can lead to reduced feed intake less available energy and an increased risk of infection.
With an oral supplement of live R. opacus weanling pigs would have an alternative source of energy.
The triglycerides could be used as an energy source during this critical stage of development. Throughout the experiment the researchers kept watch for any potential side effects.
and many other vegetables and gamma tocopherol which is relatively abundant in vegetable fats such as soybean corn and canola oils and margarine.
and energy demands grow nations and some corporations increasingly are looking to acquire quality agricultural land for food production.
This is the first time we've been able to separate observed heat trapping due to ozone into its natural versus human sources and even into specific types of human sources such as fossil fuels versus biofuels.
Trees grown diagonally produce five times more biofuelwillow trees cultivated for'green energy'can yield up to five times more biofuel
These high-energy sugars are fermented into biofuels when the trees are harvested in a process that currently needs to be more efficient before it can rival the production of fossil fuels.
Willow is cultivated widely across the UK destined to become biofuels for motor vehicles heating systems and industry.
The researchers say that in the future all willow crops could be bred for this genetic trait making them a more productive and greener energy source.
#This work forms part of the BBSRC Sustainable Bioenergy Centre (BSBEC) where it is linked with other programmes aimed at improving the conversion of biomass to fuels.
therefore minimising conflicts of food versus fuel. About Willow Treestraditionally grown for wicker furniture and baskets and an ancient medicinal plant
whose chemical contents were the precursors to Aspirin willows are seen now as important crops for energy and the environment.
and analyzes its likely effects on human health water energy transportation agriculture forests ecosystems and biodiversity.
The trends are consistent with the projected effects of increased concentrations of heat-trapping greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide released by the burning of fossil fuels.
The consequences are significant with around half of the 2. 4 million rural households in the country using wood as their primary fuel source burning between four and seven million tonnes per year.
which includes countries significantly less developed than South africa--around 80 per cent of households rely on fuelwood as their primary energy source.
Rural households need to reduce fuelwood use in favour of other energy alternatives. Currently the only viable alternative is electric stoves
The use of alternative sources of energy for cooking should be promoted to balance out the current unsustainable rate of fuel wood extraction;
however it will still require interventions aimed at general poverty reduction and culturally acceptable energy alternatives.
#Photovoltaics beat biofuels at converting suns energy to miles drivenin 2005 President George w bush and American corn farmers saw corn ethanol as a promising fossil fuel substitute that would reduce both
American dependence on foreign oil and greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly the 2005 energy bill mandated that 4 billion gallons of renewable fuel be added to the gasoline supply in 2006.
That rose to 4. 7 billion gallons in 2007 and 7. 5 billion in 2012.
and food supplies as food stocks are turned to fuel and marginal lands are put under the plough to keep up with demand.
In 2010 fuel ethanol consumed 40 percent of U s. corn production and 2012 prices are at record highs.
and charging stations are built to serve them EVS are competing with alternative-fuel vehicles. Using electricity generated by coal-fired plants to power the cars defeats the purpose to some extent but
what if the energy comes from the ultimate clean and renewable source--the sun itself?
which makes more sense growing fuel crops to supply alternative-fuel vehicles with ethanol and other biofuels or using photovoltaics (PV) to directly power battery electric vehicles (BEV)?
The energy source for biofuels is the sun through photosynthesis he says. The energy source for solar power is also the sun
. Which is better? To find out Geyer joined former Brenschool researcher David Stoms and James Kallaos of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology to model the relative efficiencies of the technologies at converting a given amount of sunlight to miles driven.
& Technology showed photovoltaics (PV) to be much more efficient than biomass at turning sunlight into energy to fuel a car.
You get the same amount of energy using much less land and PV doesn't require farm land.
b) converting energy crops into electricity for BEVS rather than producing ethanol; and C) using PVS to convert sunlight directly into electricity for BEVS.
and his colleagues examined five prominent sun-to-wheels energy conversion pathways--ethanol from corn
life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil fuel requirements--the researchers identified PV electricity for battery electric vehicles as the superior sun-to-wheels conversion method.
and the lowest fossil fuel inputs except in locations that have very high hypothetical switchgrass yields of 16 or more tons per hectare.
Finally while cost was not a key component of the study Geyer says The cost of solar power is dropping
If there is a silver bullet in energy I think it's solar power. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Santa barbara. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e
#In the eastern U s.,spring flowers keep pace with warming climate, blooming up to a month earlierusing the meticulous phenological records of two iconic American naturalists Henry David Thoreau and Aldo Leopold scientists have demonstrated that native plants in the eastern
#Marginal lands are prime fuel source for alternative energymarginal lands-those unsuited for food crops--can serve as prime real estate for meeting the nation's alternative energy production goals.
In the current issue of Nature a team of researchers led by Michigan State university shows that marginal lands represent a huge untapped resource to grow mixed species cellulosic biomass plants grown specifically for fuel production
The value of marginal land for energy production has been speculated long and often discounted he said.
This study shows that these lands could make a major contribution to transportation energy needs while providing substantial climate
and fuel production said Cesar Izaurralde PNNL soil scientist and University of Maryland adjunct professor.
The research was funded primarily by the Department of energy's Great lakes Bioenergy Research center the National Science Foundation and MSU Agbioresearch.
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