During the same period the global climate warmed by about 0. 6 degrees Celsius mostly due to increases in fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions.
So they don't get as much attention as human-generated emissions such as fossil fuel VOCS she said.
and the United states. He found that 13 agricultural products--wheat soybean palm oil maize sugars and others--make up 80 percent of the world's diet and food trade.
#Texas producers find new oil fields: Olive grovestexas has been known for its oil production for almost 150 years.
Now a new oil industry is sprouting in what may bring producers cash and consumers a local edible choice--olive oil.
Olive trees native to the Mediterranean region have been documented on almost 800 acres in the state and many affiliated with the new industry believe the acreage is closer to 2000 according to Texas A&m Agrilife Extension service horticulturists.
For some growers the new crop represents a niche that can be marketed to a consumer base that is seeking healthy foods produced locally.
His research had determined also that the U s. is the third largest consumer of olive oil in the world
He built a building and bought an oil press from Italy knowing that not everyone who wants to grow olives will be able to buy a press.
and energy so we expect to learn a lot in the next couple of years he said.
and included the establishment of the Texas Olive oil Council in 1994. In 2002 the U s. Department of agriculture census had no record of olive production in Texas Nesbitt noted.
and other substances manufactured through energy-intensive processes. And then there's the fuel used by farm equipment.
In addition cows burp lots of methane and their manure also releases this potent greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gas emissions associated with producing the U s. diet are dominated by the meats category according to Heller and Keoleian.
and fuel suggests an international team of researchers. In a paper appearing online in the journal Agriculture
and the burning of fossil fuels blanket Earth and are the culprits behind current global warming woes.
PIM-1 can also be used for other applications such as capturing carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels enriching the oxygen content in air for efficient combustion engines hydrogen gas production
The authors used a recently updated index the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) for further analysis. The energy-adjusted average AHEI-2010 score increased from 39.9 in 1999-2000 to 46.8
The researchers also found that people who consumed fruit more often had significantly lower blood pressure (BP.
Eating fruit daily was associated with 3. 4/4. 1 mmhg lower systolic/diastolic BP compared to those who never ate fruit.
Our data shows that eating fresh fruit was associated with lower baseline BP. We also found that the beneficial effect of fruit on the risk of CVD was independent of its impact on baseline BP.
In a separate analysis the researchers examined the association of fruit consumption with total mortality
because the wasted food products have undergone already various transformations that require input of other resources especially energy said Bajzelj.
unless we make some serious changes in food consumption trends we would have to completely de-carbonise the energy
People who eat a Mediterranean diet with foods such as olive oil whole grains and leafy vegetables and fruits have a lower risk of developing diabetes even
and then switch back to normal growth mode quickly when drought stress is gone should be able to allocate energy more efficiently toward growth Pei said.
or additives within similarly shaped wine jars including honey storax resin terebinth resin cedar oil cyperus juniper and possibly mint myrtle and cinnamon.
They looked to a technique called nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy which has been used to authenticate foods including honey and olive oil.
They analyzed tomatoes grown in greenhouses and outdoors with conventional or organic fertilizers. Their data showed a trend toward differentiation of organic and conventional produce.
Delucia directs the Institute for Sustainability Energy and Environment at the U. of I. He also is an affiliate of the Energy Biosciences Institute
which funded the research through the Institute for Genomic Biology at Illinois. Estimates derived from satellite images of vegetation
For the U s. Department of energy which is developing biomass crops for biofuels production this knowledge could determine which genotypes--genetic makeup of an organism--of biomass crop may thrive better than others in certain environments.
The team led by Gerald Tuskan of Oak ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) the Department of energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI)--a DOE Office of Science user facility
which was published in the journal Science in 2006 by the DOE JGI. Since the genome was made publicly available it has been used to understand woody perennial plant development
These data can be accessed at Phytozome DOE JGI's plant comparative genomics portal. That's a massive number of naturally occurring variants a lot in cell wall chemistry genes and other known productivity genes.
The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Joint Genome Institute. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
To ensure safe timely and accurate delivery drones would need to deal with a degree of uncertainty in responding to factors such as high winds sensor measurement errors or drops in fuel.
With the algorithm a drone can predict its fuel level and the condition of its propellers cameras and other sensors throughout a mission and take proactive measures--for example rerouting to a charging station--if needed.
and mission-level or health planning such as the condition of a vehicle's propellers cameras and fuel levels.
He says that planning out a vehicle's possible positions ahead of time frees up a significant amount of computational energy
In this regard he and his colleagues used POMDP to generate a tree of possible health outcomes including fuel levels and the status of sensors and propellers.
which drones were tasked with delivering multiple packages to different addresses under various wind conditions and with limited fuel.
They found that drones operating under the two-pronged approach were more proactive in preserving their health rerouting to a recharge station midmission to keep from running out of fuel.
In the SYSDIET study the intervention group was advised to follow a healthy Nordic diet rich in berries vegetables fatty fish canola oil and whole grains.
Several blood biomarkers were assessed to reflect the consumption of different key components of the diet such as serum alpha linoleic acid as a biomarker of canola oil consumption EPA and DHA reflecting fatty
and vegetable waste rather than petroleum scientists are now reporting. The novel process they developed and their results
Also plastics are made out of petroleum which is a nonrenewable source. The shift to more environmentally friendly bioplastics has been challenging and expensive.
and the regions within a fire where intense energy in the form of heat is released can be determined accurately the rate
Wildland fires involve complex interactions that include fuel distribution terrain topography chemical reactions energy transfer and the associated fluid dynamics that transport moisture gas-phase hydrocarbons air
when you see this raging fire where exactly is all this energy being released in space?
Where the energy release associated with combustion is released its intensity and how it is being released are all basics for predictive ability.
Where the energy is released is what is going to dictate the fluid dynamics in the vicinity.
Energy released by fire heats and converts heavy hydrocarbons in the materials burning into light gaseous hydrocarbons that are burned more readily.
D. R. Weise A numerical investigation of the effect of moisture content on pyrolysis and combustion of live fuels Paper D402 Central States Section of The Combustion Institute Spring
Technical Meeting Tulsa OK March 17-18 2014) Because the fuel for wildland fires is mostly in the undergrowth three species of shrub
which the energy release will drive the airflow around it and the resulting fluid dynamics will in turn drive the fire.
Continual warming of the leading edge of the fire is a necessary precondition to releasing the chemicals in the fuels that are needed to sustain it.
and do prescribed these fires sometimes on day one the fuels don't ignite easily and spread but they can come back there on day two
Each fuel was modeled through an annual seasonal cycle. We found that one of the most sensitive elements that is required for fire to spread is wind
California's seasonal combination of Santa anna winds and rising temperatures both serve to dry the fuel for combustion and drive the fire's process once underway.
and it is gaining heat as energy is produced as a result of combustion so it is an energy balance problem.
We also initiated a series of studies to examine the transition between a ground fire and tree crown burning.
-22 2013) The UAH scientists are looking at how the interaction of fires in shrubs near each other can create energy hot spots in a conflagration.
As you bring the shrubs closer together is the fuel being consumed faster and the energy created faster as a result?
Dr. Mahalingam asks. We are interested in how the fire spreads from shrub to shrub what the interaction is and at what spacing and
-22 2013) UAH researchers continue to examine how moisture levels in fuel sources affect burning behaviors under a USDA grant further expanding on recent published research.
Brigitte Poppenberger at TUM's Institute of Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops--has been able to show for the first time that the concentration of CES protein increases in certain nuclear regions following brassinosteroid activation.
These structures occur as nuclear bodies in the cell nucleus. The scientists believe that the CES transcription factor collects in specific regions of the DNA in order to effectively control gene function.
As soon as this attaches CES moves to nuclear bodies. While this is happening it is protected from being broken down by enzymes.
Researchers at the U s. Department of energy's Joint Bioenergy Institute (JBEI) have developed bionic liquids from lignin and hemicellulose two by-products of biofuel production from biorefineries.
JBEI is a multi-institutional partnership led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) that was established by the DOE Office of Science to accelerate the development of advanced next-generation biofuels.
and has far-reaching economic impacts for other ionic liquid-based process technologies that currently use ionic liquids synthesized from petroleum sources.
and other non-food crops and in agricultural waste can be used to make advanced biofuels that could substantially reduce the use of the fossil fuels responsible for the release of nearly 9 billion metric tons of excess carbon into the atmosphere each year.
and renewable substitutes for gasoline diesel and jet fuel on a gallon-for-gallon basis. Unlike ethanol drop in transportation fuels derived from biomass have the potential to be dropped directly into today's engines
However if biofuels including cellulosic ethanol are to be a commercial success they must be cost-competitive with fossil fuels.
and synthesizing them into fuels and other valuable chemical products. A major challenge has been that unlike the simple sugars in corn grain the complex polysaccharides in biomass are embedded deeply within a tough woody material called lignin.
Researchers at JBEI have been cost-effectively deconstructing biomass into fuel sugars by pre-treating the biomass with ionic liquids--salts that are composed entirely of paired ions
which are made from nonrenewable sources such as petroleum or natural gas. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids effectively and efficiently dissolve biomass and represent a remarkable platform for biomass pretreatment
The JBEI researchers tested the effectiveness of their bionic liquids as a pre-treatment for biomass deconstruction on switchgrass one of the leading potential crops for making liquid transportation fuels.
and reused to make more bionic liquid says lead author Socha who is now the Director of the Center for Sustainable Energy at The bronx Community college in New york city.
This research was supported by the DOE Office of Science. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e
#Pigs hearts transplanted into baboon hosts remain viable more than a yearinvestigators from the National Heart Lung
Previously we would add oils or infant formula to help premature babies grow but we can now use a natural source from donor milk said Hair.
Is it the fraction of their photosynthetic energy they devote to productive new leaves? Or is it their ability to hoist water hundreds of feet into the air supplying the green solar-powered sugar factories in those leaves?
Tall fast-growing trees access more sunlight and can capture more energy through photosynthesis. They are more obvious to pollinators
but do not contribute to the production of energy through photosynthesis--affect resource allocation and can explain the importance of the ratio of moisture supply to evaporative demand.
energy securitylancaster University scientists are leading research looking at formulating sustainable fertilizers from renewable energy waste.
The collaborative project which also includes Stopford Energy and Environment Limited the James Hutton Institute
Almost all existing fertilizers such as phosphorus and nitrate-based products are produced using energy-intensive methods involving the use of oil and gas.
As well as providing significant environmental benefits by reducing reliance on fossil fuels a successful digestate-ash fertilizer would also reduce costs
This could make these forms of renewable energy which could meet more than 15 per cent of UK energy demand by 2020 more appealing to investors as ash is dumped currently expensively at landfill.
It could also help to improve food security and reduce costs to farmers as production of digestate-ash fertilizer would not be linked to the global price of oil and gas.
Professor Kirk Semple from the Lancaster Environment Centre is leading the project. He said: The aim of this research is to modify the by-products from anaerobic digestion
and biomass energy plants to create a new safe and sustainable source of nutrients for agriculture.
and industry to address some of the major challenges facing food and energy security. Although the project is based here in the UK we believe there is exciting potential to produce a sustainable alternative to existing fertilizer use across the globe.
Dr Ben Herbert Director of research and Environment at Stopford Energy and Environment an independent consulting company based in offices at Lancaster University's Environment Centre said:
Previous studies by Stopford Energy & Environment have shown that biomass-ash and digestate can be useful nutrient sources for crops in conditions low in nutrients.
It also has various commercial applications serving as building material laminates and particleboard and in the manufacture of beverages paper charcoal and vinegar.
including the addition of energy transmission towers affect avian predators nesting in sagebrush landscapes. Researchers compared nesting habitat selection between Common Ravens
The study took place on the sagebrush landscapes of the U s. Department of energy's Idaho site
Increases In common Raven distribution and abundance in the American west mirror declines in distribution and abundance of Greater Sage-grouse where energy transmission corridors and other land use changes have altered sagebrush steppe
Expending energy to fight infectionnematodes puncture an animal's gut and can impede the absorption of nutrients.
Tolerant animals might invest energy in gut repair but would then be expected to incur costs.
Lauren Quinn an invasive plant ecologist at U of I's Energy Biosciences Institute recognized that most of the news about invasive biofuel crops was negative
and suggested regulations could become part of a revised Renewable Fuels Standard administered by EPA which would require Congress to make the changes.
and may reduce conflicts between objectives for increasing renewable fuel production and reducing unintended impacts and costs resulting from the propagation of invasive plants.
Co-authors include Elise Scott and James Mccubbins from the Energy Biosciences Institute A. Bryan Endres and Thomas Voigt from the University of Illinois and Jacob Barney from Virginia Tech.
and imidacloprid are inhibitors of mitochondrial bioenergetics resulting in depleted cell energy. This action can explain the toxicity of these compounds for honeybees.
Honeybee flight muscles are strongly dependent on high levels of oxygen consumption and energy metabolism. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation drives ATP synthesis which is required to contract the muscles during flight.
If something goes wrong the energy production is impaired explains Nicodemo. Similar to a plane honeybees require clean fuel in order to fly.
Both fipronil and imidacloprid negatively affected the mitochondrial bioenergetics of the head and thorax of the honeybees.
Their study of fruit flies and honey bees shows a direct causal link between brain metabolism (how the brain generates the energy it needs to function) and aggression.
These genes play a key role in the most efficient type of energy generation in cells a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
You tend to think of aggression as requiring more energy not less. In the new study postdoctoral researcher Clare Rittschof used drugs to suppress key steps in oxidative phosphorylation in the bee brains.
and are the energy storehouses of the brain Robinson said. The findings offer insight into the immediate and longer-term changes that occur in response to threats Robinson said.
Being able to track energy intake and getting personalized feedback on diet have been linked to greater weight loss
#Climate change is fueling forest disturbances, study showsclimate change is already altering the environment. Long-lived ecosystems such as forests are particularly vulnerable to the comparatively rapid changes in the climate system.
The researchers use their energy landscape theory to determine the path an unfolded strand of amino acids takes as it collapses into a final functional protein.
I told him there's a very important feature of the viral system that would be ideal for his energy landscape approach.
Energy landscape theory predicts how a protein will fold no matter how fast it happens. In the case of hemagglutinin the unfolding and refolding happens in seconds.
By using the experimental structural information from X-ray crystallography to approximate the full energy landscape of hemagglutinin the researchers can now capture a rough picture of the steps involved in its reconfiguration including the point at
At high temperatures the pulse of energy revealed no underlying order. The temporary collective anisotropic order occurred only in the brief temperature interval prior to the onset of magnetism where the anisotropic resistance had previously been measured.
That incorporates everything associated with non-biomass-burning human activity from coal-fired power plants to automobile emissions from concrete factories to cattle feedlots.
Jacobson the director of Stanford's Atmosphere/Energy Program and a senior fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment and the Precourt Institute for Energy said almost 8. 5 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide
or brown carbon particles Jacobson said the carbon absorbs the light energy creating heat and accelerating evaporation of the droplet.
And again because those surfaces are dark they absorb even more thermal energy from the sunlight establishing an ongoing amplification process.
and lumber waste for energy production. Such power generation often is promoted as a sustainable alternative to burning fossil fuels.
And that's partly true as far as it goes. It is sustainable in the sense that the fuel can be grown processed
and converted to energy on a cyclic basis . But the thermal and pollution effects of its combustion--in any form--can't be discounted Jacobson said.
The bottom line is that biomass burning is neither clean nor climate-neutral he said. If you're serious about addressing global warming you have to deal with biomass burning as well.
Thus the increased use of clean energy sources that do not emit either greenhouse gases
or conventional air pollutants such as wind and solar energy would be doubly beneficial to global food security as they do not contribute to either climate change
and many of their cultures manipulated fire to control the availability of plants they used for food fuel tools and ritual.
and by the U s. Department of energy (DOE). More crops needed worldwideglobal yields of crops such as corn and wheat have increased typically by about 1-2 percent per year in recent decades
and DOE) as well as several other models to provide trends in temperature and precipitation over the next two decades for crop-intensive regions under a scenario of increasing carbon dioxide.
and air qualityto reduce fire hazard in the United states wildland managers often utilize the silvicultural practice of mechanically cutting woody shrubs and suppressed trees (ladder fuels).
It's an approach to climate action that should be right up there with REDD+or increasing energy efficiency.
and carbon sequestration said Jennifer Morgan Director Climate and Energy Program WRI. When it comes to tackling climate change land rights must be on the list of tools we use.
Stronger community forest rights could stem the tide of the country's rampant forest loss mostly due to palm oil expansion.
Gloomy scales suck sap from trees removing nutrients and energy. This reduces tree growth and can eventually kill trees.
Soil respiration releases carbonthe planet's soil releases about 60 billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year which is far more than that released by burning fossil fuels.
After cultivating the plants with these temperature differences for 30 days the researchers measured photosynthetic energy dissipation and conducted aboveground biochemical and biomass analyses.
Similar results were obtained by researchers at the Center for Nuclear energy in Agriculture (Cena) at the Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (Esalq) of USP Piracicaba campus in an experiment conducted using Brachiaria decumbens a common
and net radiation--defined as the amount of energy from the sun that is absorbed by the land minus the amount reflected back into the atmosphere by Earth's surface.
Another disadvantage is the high levels of radiant heat energy produced by high-pressure sodium lamps; up to 75%of the energy from HPS lamps that is not converted to light is emitted as radiant heat energy causing the surface of the lamps to reach temperatures as high as 450â°C. To prevent leaves from scorching from exposure to the high heat plants must be separated from the HPS lamps.
Light-emitting diodes (LEDS) can offer growers benefits such as higher energy efficiencies and a longer operating life. To determine whether the use of narrow-spectra high-intensity LEDS is can be a practicable supplemental lighting source for greenhouse grown annual bedding plant seedlings researchers Wesley Randall
and Roberto Lopez from Purdue University designed a series of lighting experiments on plugs of Antirrhinum Catharanthus Celosia Impatiens Pelargonium Petunia Tagetes Salvia and Viola.
although blue LEDS have a higher electrical conversion efficiency compared with red LEDS blue light is a higher energy light
which increases energy consumption as higher proportions of blue are used. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Society for Horticultural Science.
when woodrats didn't get transplants of creosote-detoxifying microbes their urine was more acidic suggesting their livers expended a lot of energy to degrade creosote toxins.
The researchers looked specifically at an energy storage tissue in bees called the fat body
and less energy reserves (in the form of lipids stored in the fat body) than their hive-bound nest mates--making the foragers much more dependent on a carbohydrate-rich diet Robinson said.
Recent findings published in Food Control journal online suggest Cinnamomum cassia oil can work effectively as a natural antibacterial agent in the food industry.
The cinnamon cassia oil is effective in low concentrations she said--about 10 drops diluted in a liter of water killed the bacteria within 24 hours.
The oil can be incorporated into films and coatings for packaging both meat and fresh produce Sheng said.
In addition to Cinnamomum cassia oil Sheng plans to take a look at another natural source to kill bacteria. She and her coworkers will study the potential of dandelions to inhibit bacteria related to bovine mastitis an infection in the mammary glands of dairy cows.
and cattle) but--as they were in use at the height of the empire--tokens could have been used to represent commodities such as oil wool and wine.
The expression of stress tolerance genes may be an energy burden on the plant if the functions of these genes are required not.
That's an expensive and energy-intensive step designed to prevent pollution of surface-and ground-waters.
It can be manufactured at room temperature has an extremely low forming voltage high on-off ratio low power consumption nine-bit capacity per cell exceptional switching speeds and excellent cycling endurance.
Palm oil is found in a large number of products from popcorn to candy to soap to cosmetics making growth of the tropical trees a very lucrative industry.
For people looking to do something about the palm oil problem themselves now is the time to start the researchers say.
If consumers do buy a product with palm oil in it and no label they should email call
or otherwise contact the company to ask them to start using sustainable palm oil and tell them they will not continue to buy their product until it is labeled to indicate this.
and energy constraints involved when flying at low temperatures. A new source of variability concerning the effects of pesticidesthe scientists now need to explore the complexity of these environmental and toxicological interactions.
#New recreational travel model to help states stop firewood assisted insect travelthe spread of damaging invasive forest pests is powered only partially by the insects'own wings.
People moving firewood for camping can hasten and widen the insects'spread and resulting forest destruction.
or considering firewood bans determine how to deploy resources for surveillance firewood inspections or other activities.
Although more than 65 percent of campers carry firewood from home and that wood often comes from dead
Research has demonstrated that firewood harbors many bark-and wood-boring insects. In 2008 co-author Robert Haack of the Forest Service's Northern Research Station found that nearly 25 percent of firewood intercepted at the Mackinac bridge between Michigan's Upper
and Lower peninsulas carried live bark -and wood-boring insects and an additional 41 percent displayed evidence of prior borer infestation.
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