and in the fusion process the star emits radiation in the form of light that is energy.
and no more energy can be extracted the star dies and giant clouds of gas are slung out into space where they are recycled into new stars in a vast cosmic cycle.
Our ultimate goal is to identify the line that shows resistance to both charcoal rot
Ministry of Ecology Energy Sustainable Development and the Sea among other institutions. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Universidad de Barcelona.
but the risks and energy costs to the eavesdroppers apparently aren't worth the trouble.
and energy the eavesdropper could otherwise spend looking for an unoccupied food source explains Lichtenberg.
and the bees accompanying her have wasted essentially energy. For attacks between colonies of the same species there is also a risk that the conflict will escalate to physical interactions in
In doing so they worked in close cooperation with members of the NASA Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Program's Deep-space Habitat Project team.
Hookah an ancient form of smoking in which charcoal-heated tobacco or non-tobacco based shisha smoke is passed through water before inhalation is rapidly gaining popularity among adolescents in the US.
which ultimately affects crop yield. â#Schroeder is also co-director of a new research entity at UC San diego called â#oefood and Fuel for the 21st Centuryâ
The calculation appears in a study conducted by researchers at the Center for Nuclear energy in Agriculture (CENA) of the University of SãO Paulo (USP) in collaboration with colleagues from the Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (Esalq) also at USP.
because biofuel contributes toward reducing the burning of fossil fuel explained the researcher. The researchers conducted measurements and collected 6000 soil samples from 135 regions in south-central Brazil which is responsible for more than 90%of Brazil's sugarcane production.
Using mathematical modeling we determined that many of the manta rays we encountered took around 80 percent of their energy from lagoon plankton Mccauley said.
and energy to manta rays highlights the need to motivate management interventions in lagoons. Other tools in the researchers'arsenal were high-resolution tracking
Although plantations can supply services to society such as slope stabilization firewood and carbon they can also result in avoidable losses of biodiversity.
The rate at which the Caribbean corals have been declining is truly alarming says Carl Gustaf Lundin Director of IUCN's Global Marine and Polar Programme.
This is the same amount of carbon emitted annually by consuming 540 million gallons of gasoline or burning 5. 1 billion pounds of coal.
The research paper titled The impact of nutritional labels and socioeconomic status on energy intake.
scientists sayif you've gone grocery shopping lately you've probably bought palm oil. Found in thousands of products from peanut butter
and packaged bread to shampoo and shaving cream palm oil is a booming multibillion-dollar industry. While it isn't always clearly labeled in supermarket staples the unintended consequences of producing this ubiquitous ingredient have been publicized widely.
The clearing of tropical forests to plant oil palm trees releases massive amounts of carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas fueling climate change.
and pesticide application) and processing of oil palm fruits to make crude palm oil can all send sediment nutrients
Palm oil epicenterindonesia produces almost half of the world's palm oil. Home to the world's third-largest tropical forest the country is also one of the principal emitters of greenhouse gases due to the rapid conversion of carbon-rich forests and peatlands to other uses.
These kinds of improved practices are being pioneered by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm oil and other organizations that certify palm oil production as sustainable.
Yet Carlson said Our findings suggest that converting logged forests and diverse smallholder agricultural lands to oil palm plantations may be almost as harmful to stream ecosystems as clearing intact forests.
and energy) are a significant portion of the nursery variable operation costs. Thus a more efficient use of these environmentally sensitive inputs cannot only reduce production costs for the nursery
In Brazil the demand for alternative energy sources has led to an increase in biofuel crops. A new News and Views paper in Nature Climate Change co-authored by Woods Hole Research center scientists Marcia Macedo
and palm oil the rapid growth rate of sugar cane has put it at the forefront of biofuel crops.
along with rising gasoline prices has led to the world's largest fleet of flex-fuel vehicles fueled by the over 36 million tonnes of sugar cane currently grown in the country.
when ethanol is burned in lieu of gas and oil. With over 2. 5 million square kilometers of existing cleared lands in Brazil much of which is degraded pasture lands there is already a large potential area for biofuel crop expansion.
agriculture river floods coasts tourism energy droughts forest fires transport infrastructure and human health. The report also includes a pilot study on habitat suitability of forest tree species. Connie Hedegaard European Commissioner for Climate Action said:
Taking action and taking a decision on the 2030 climate and energy framework in October will bring us just there
Secondly there would be associated benefits with lower EU energy imports as a 2â°C scenario would lead to a substantial reduction in net energy imports in the EU. Thirdly the additional benefits due to lower air pollution of the 2â
In the overall context of a healthy diet energy reduction is the way to help lose weight so to reduce weight you have to reduce caloric intake Kaiser said.
In high-energy drinks for example consumers are seeking a high level of caffeine and yet caffeine can be very bitter.
Food manufacturers often add a high-intensity sweetener to energy drinks and because the brain has a preference for sweetness it diminishes the perception of bitterness.
A new resource for advanced biofuels researchresearchers at the U s. Department of energy (DOE)' s Joint Bioenergy Institute (JBEI) have unveiled the first glycosyltransferase clone collection specifically targeted for the study of the biosynthesis of plant cell walls.
and synthesize them into clean green and renewable transportation fuels. Glycosyltransferases (GTS) are enzymes that catalyze the connection of simple monosaccharide sugars into the complex polysaccharide sugars that are essential to a wide range of plant cell structures and processes.
This is a major drawback for bioenergy research where the goal is to modify plant biomass for maximum fuel yields.
This research was funded by the U s. Department of energy's Office of Science. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e
#Habitat loss, not poison, better explains grassland bird declinecontrary to recent well-publicized research habitat loss not insecticide use continues to be the best explanation for the declines in grassland bird populations
That's charcoal to you and me. So the raw material known in the trade as brash is now being put under the microscope.
We're trying to find the optimum conditions for making charcoal from forestry waste. What kinds of pressures and temperatures deliver the best result and the best possible quality?
This machine allows us to check the critical conditions needed to produce high-quality charcoal explains Skreiberg.
which will spend four years not only creating high-grade charcoal from cheap forestry waste but also developing profitable ways of manufacturing the new product.
The brash left behind after felling contains enormous quantities of energy. But it's a low-value fuel
because it's made up of so many different things. This is why it's not used very much.
If we can convert this cheap easily available biomass into a high-quality homogeneous fuel that is easy to handle that would have major consequences in terms of the use of biofuel in Norway.
In comparison with other fossil fuels charcoal emits low levels of sulphur and nitrogen oxides. This would result in lower local air pollution.
SINTEF Energy which is running the project is getting assistance from several international partners. Among them are professors Michael Jerry Antal from Hawaii and Gabor Varhegyi from Hungary.
Antal has developed a special pressurised reactor for the production of charcoal in which biomass is heated under pressure.
From one to thousands of units of energy This is all because charcoal can be used for much more than just grilling sausages on the barbecue.
The manufacture of solar cells for one thing. Several metallurgical companies have joined therefore the project as industrial partners.
Currently the reducing agents used are fossil fuels such as coal and coke. However if some of the fossil coal were to be replaced by charcoal this would result in a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions from the manufacturing process.
There would also be the environmental benefits of the solar cells themselves. Skreiberg illustrates these with the following maths exercise.
One biomass unit of energy in results in thousands of units of energy out in the form of electricity produced by the solar cell during its lifetime.
Elkem one of our industrial partners already uses a lot of charcoal. But this is imported from Indonesia.
It is produced there using the old-fashioned method with a low utilisation ratio of the energy in the timber used to make the charcoal.
They are competitive only because of their low labour costs says Skreiberg. If we could manufacture charcoal here with a much better energy yield
and of a higher quality then it could be financially worthwhile. Brash already has a market value
This innovation means that we may also be looking at making charcoal from broadleaved trees
Quality fuel The other important area of application would be as a fuel in the form of briquettes pellets or finely crushed powder.
and has a high energy density providing even and stable combustion. That would help to make the energy installations using this type of fuel more profitable.
We in our living rooms could use this kind of fuel in appliances like wood-burning stoves.
However it could also be used in small district heating centres or combined heat and power stations.
Charcoal powder could easily replace oil in these installations at times of peak load says Skreiberg.
Peak load is the portion of energy production from a bioenergy installation that cannot be covered by the plant's primary source of fuel on the coldest days.
The challenge will be to optimise the production of charcoal so that it will contain as much as possible of the biomass's energy.
It must be of a quality that is good enough to use as a reducing agent in the metal industry and as a fuel.
We also want to make use of by-products such as combustible gases and tars bio-oils) says Skreiberg.
Skreiberg hopes that an industrial company such as Elkem which now uses imported charcoal will get involved
and finance a plant in Norway. That would increase sales of Norwegian forestry resources and would also increase the number of local jobs.
but we are still trailing behind the target of doubling the use of bio-energy.
Synthetic antioxidants also preserve fats and oils in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The phenolics extracted during the UF study on the other hand are natural not synthetic antioxidants. â#oethis concept of using natural antioxidants in many different things in the food world is a nice concept to consumersâ#he said.
so a team of researchers led by the US Department of energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI) deployed high throughput DNA sequencing
and some produce little methane said DOE JGI Director Eddy Rubin. The study shows that it is purely the microbiota responsible for the difference.
Rumen metagenome DNA samples collected on two occasions from the 10 sheep were sequenced at the DOE JGI generating 50 billion bases of data each.
The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Joint Genome Institute. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Using teams of small specialised agricultural robots instead of the currently used heavy machinery can result in lower soil compaction leading to energy savings but also in more robust systems in the case of technical failures.
#Canola oil may be an oil of choice for people with type 2 diabetescanola*is Canada's oil
and new research from St michael's Hospital suggests it should also be one of the oils of choice for people with Type 2 diabetes.
Dr. David Jenkins head of the hospital's Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre compared people with Type 2 diabetes who ate either a low glycemic index diet that included bread made with canola oil
The word canola is a contraction of Canada and ola meaning oil. It was developed from rapeseed at the University of Manitoba in the 1970s.
Canola oil contains only 7 per cent saturated fat less than half that of olive oil widely touted for its health benefits.
and olive oil reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease. Dr. Jenkins said the combination of a low GI diet supplemented with canola oil had not been tested before on people with Type 2 diabetes.*
*This research was funded by the Canola Council of Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Loblaw Companies and the Canada Research Chairs Program.
Most of the work was centered on urushiol the rash-causing chemical found in the plant's oils.
and the oil can remain active on dead plants up to five years. But rather than focusing on urushiol Jelesko set about studying ways to kill the plant itself.
and its itch-inducing oil urushiol. Humans appear to be uniquely allergic to urushiol said Jelesko.
Scientists sequence genome of eucalyptus--a global tree for fuel and fiberfrom antiseptic oils to the construction of didgeridoos the traditional Australian Aboriginal wind instrument the eucalyptus tree serves myriad purposes accounting for its status as one of the world's most widely planted hardwood trees.
Its prodigious growth habit has caught the eyes of researchers seeking to harness and improve upon Eucalyptus'potential for enhancing sustainable biofuels
Gerald Tuskan of the Oak ridge National Laboratory and the Bioenergy Science Center and U s. Department of energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI;
Dan Rokhsar of the DOE JGI and Jeremy Schmutz of the DOE JGI and the Hudsonalpha Institute for Biotechnology.
A major challenge for achieving a sustainable energy future is our understanding of the molecular basis of superior growth
for the Department of energy their energy-rich cellulosic biomass makes them one of the principal candidate biomass energy crops.
By comparison Eucalyptus has three times the number of tandem repeat genes present in poplar the first tree sequenced (by the DOE JGI and published on the cover of the journal Science in 2006.
so that we can develop the potential of Eucalyptus as an alternative source feedstock for jet fuel noted Tuskan.
The extensive catalog of genes contributed by the team will allow breeders to adapt Eucalyptus trees for sustainable energy production in regions such as the U s. Southeast where it cannot currently be grown.
The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Joint Genome Institute. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The researchers introduced resistance genes against two different antibiotics into nuclear genomes of the tobacco species Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana glauca
but is reduced notably in southern Europe where a'Mediterranean diet'consisting of a larger consumption of fruit vegetables and olive oil predominates.
when it is consumed pureed in ketchup or in the presence of olive oil. Whilst there is strong epidemiological evidence to support the role of lycopene in reducing cardiovascular risk the mechanism by
which are derived from fossil fuels they are very sustainable. Warkentin also says Grain legume crops are highly nutritious.
Jeffrey Kahl then-director of environmental and energy strategies at James Sewall Company. Researchers analyzed data collected since 1991 at 31 sites in Maine New hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode island and southern New york and 43 sites in the Adirondack mountains of New york. The results are presented in Decadal
and nitrogen oxide resulting from fossil fuel combustion. In the United states roughly two-thirds of all sulfur dioxide and a quarter of all nitrogen oxide come from electric power generation that relies on burning fossil fuels such as coal.
Acid rain occurs when these gases react in the atmosphere with water oxygen and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds.
Moreover the U s. Department of energy Office of Science has targeted research into the common bean because of its importance in enhancing nitrogen use efficiency for sustainability of bioenergy crops and for increasing plant resilience and productivity with fewer inputs on marginal lands
and sustained is a crucial to improving agricultural practices as increasing crop yields are desired both for fuel and food production.
To this end a team of researchers led by Scott Jackson of the University of Georgia Dan Rokhsar of the U s. Department of energy Joint Genome Institute Jeremy Schmutz of the DOE JGI
The project was supported by the U s. Department of energy and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture U s. Department of agriculture and the work was published online June 8 2014 in the journal Nature Genetics Unlocking the genetic make-up of the common bean is a tremendous achievement that will lead to future
The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Joint Genome Institute. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The U s. Department of energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI) contributed to the citrus pilot project Gmitter said harnessing their expertise in plant genomics
which seeks to build scientific communities around cornerstone species of relevance to DOE missions in bioenergy carbon cycling and biogeochemistry.
There is a fledgling industrial effort underway in Florida to redirect the five million tons of annual citrus waste generated there from low-value cattle feed to produce ethanol for fuel.
One of the sequences was the high-quality reference genome of Clementine mandarin sequenced by an international consortium including Genoscope in France the Institute for Genomic Applications in Italy the DOE JGI and the Hudsonalpha Institute for Biotechnology with contributions
Another was the sweet orange genome produced jointly by researchers at the DOE JGI the University of Florida and 454 Life sciences a Roche company.
when he spoke at the DOE JGI's 7th Annual Genomics of Energy & Environment Meeting in March 2012.
The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Joint Genome Institute. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
However an equivalent amount is lost through logging clearing of land for grazing and growing biofuel crops such as palm oil soya bean and sugar.
when compared to fossil fuel emissions. And climate change isn't just about warmer temperatures he continued.
Excavating plant fossils preserved in rocks deposited during the last days of the dinosaurs we found some preserved with abundant fossilized charcoal and others without it.
When forests are cleared-for palm oil plantations agriculture or livestock--we lose vital resources put animals at risk of extinction
In addition to these policies the development of oil and mineral resources led to rapid urbanization which drew people from the rural areas to pursue jobs in larger cities.
and cavities. â#¢Consuming fewer sugar-sweetened beverages such as soft drinks sports drinks energy drinks and fruit drinks may also decrease a person's risk of dental erosion
#Current trends for forest biomass for energy in EUTHE EU aims to get 20%of its energy from renewable sources by 2020.
Renewables include wind solar hydroelectric and tidal power as well as geothermal energy and biomass. These ambitious targets set in the Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) have led to concerns about the levels of woody biomass from forests
which would need to be mobilized to meet them. Recently three NGOS--Birdlife Europe European Environment Bureau and Transport and Environment--contracted EFI along with the International Institute for Sustainability Analysis and Strategy (IINAS) and Joanneum Research to conduct a study
on current trends in forest biomass for energy in Europe carbon balance and the sustainable potential.
The reference mobilization was based on a dynamic response to Renewable Energy Directive targets with increasing infrastructure and mechanization and stronger forest owner groups to 2020 and beyond.
In this case meeting climate and energy targets would be the main driver. The negative environmental effects of intensified use of forest resources would be weighed against
and considered less important than the negative effects of continued reliance on fossil fuels. This mobilization would see a potential availability of 880 million m3 of woody biomass by 2020.
The amount of forest-derived and woody biomass was estimated then that could be supplied sustainably for energy uses without compromising material uses of wood.
The role of sustainable woody bioenergy in the future EU energy system was analyzed for electricity heat and transport fuels taking into account the potentials for energy efficiency and non-bioenergy renewables.
Overall the study found that the lower mobilization of forest resources would be sufficient to meet woody material demands
only if resource efficient cascades and stringent energy efficiency measures were implemented. The report is available online at:
Each pore opens to a hair follicle containing a gland that produces oil called sebum which helps keep skin soft.
When the glands produce too much oil the pores can become blocked and dirt bacteria and dead skin cells can build up in them forming the whiteheads blackheads pimples
Hormonal changes are associated with the excess production of oil --thus partially accounting for acne flare-ups in teens and pregnant women--and heredity can be a factor
The research group performed a comparative analysis of DNA sequence variation of land planarian by means of a nuclear and a mitochondrial gene.
The material shows promise to replace more costly and energy-intensive processes. Results from the research appear today in the journal Nature Communications.
Natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel. Development of cost-effective means to separate carbon dioxide during the production process will improve this advantage over other fossil fuels
and enable the economic production of gas resources with higher carbon dioxide content that would be too costly to recover using current carbon capture technologies Tour said.
All of this works in ambient temperatures unlike current high-temperature capture technologies that use up a significant portion of the energy being produced.
If the oil and gas industry does not respond to concerns about carbon dioxide and other emissions it could well face new regulations Tour said noting the White house issued its latest National Climate Assessment last month and this week set new rules to cut carbon pollution from the nation
or use it for enhanced oil recovery to further the release of oil and natural gas. Or they can package
Apache Corp. a Houston-based oil and gas exploration and production company funded the research at Rice
when a forest gets old it would respire more and use more energy. But Tang and colleagues found both energy production (photosynthesis) and energy consumption (respiration) decrease with age resulting in an overall decrease in growth rates.
Forests are also big carbon sinks that offset in part human-induced carbon emissions. Our finding also suggests the forest carbon sink may decrease in the U s. because of the slowdown in forest growth Tang says.
either plant more forests in non-forested lands decrease use of fossil fuels or do both.
#Supply of woody biomass for energy from privately owned forests in Europe overestimatedthe European commission expects the use of biomass for energy in the EU to increase significantly to meet a legally binding target of at least 20%of the EU's total energy use
A new study led by Kristina Blennow from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) shows for the first time that European private forest owners are not as ready to increase the supply of woody biomass for energy as assumed.
The private forest owners'attitudes towards supplying biomass for energy so that the targets can be met
This study shows that the future supply of woody biomass for energy from privately owned forests in Europe
although the forest owners generally asserted strong belief in a persistent and strong demand for woody biomass for energy use their readiness to change the management objective to woody biomass for energy in forest stands currently managed for stemwood is low
This shows that the attitudes of those who make decisions at the local level strongly influence the supply of woody biomass for energy from the European forest sector.
or strongly positive attitude to convert to producing woody biomass for energy at a profit in forest stands currently managed for stemwood.
and strongly positive attitude towards making the change from stemwood to biomass for energy will indeed make the change
and that the respondents represent the European private forest owners in general only 12%of the privately owned forest land will be available for providing stemwood for energy generation.
Hence a conservative estimate of the harvest level of stemwood for energy in privately owned forests in Europe is 12%of the maximum.
how strongly do forest owners believe in a persistent demand for woody biomass for energy how likely is it that forest owners continue to manage the forest for stemwood
or convert to producing bioenergy for energy generation if it can be made at profit and how willing are the forest owners to convert land used for pasture agriculture
and other purposes to forest and convert forest land to land for cultivation of energy crops?
The findings of the team of researchers have strong implications for meeting the forest biomass share of the legally binding 2020 target for renewable energy in the EU and for the design of effective renewable energy policy.
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