The research was funded by the National Science Foundation's Division of Environmental Biology and the Yale Climate & Energy Institute.
Of those approaches none came close to reducing emissions as much as conservation increased energy efficiency and low-carbon fuels would.
Technology that is already available could reduce the amount of carbon being added to the atmosphere by some 7 gigatons per year the team found.
Charcoal has been used as an agricultural amendment for centuries but scientists are only now starting to appreciate its potential for tying up greenhouse gases Cusack said.
and storage particularly when the technique is used near where fuels are being refined. CCS turns carbon dioxide into a liquid form of carbon
which oil and coal extraction companies then pump into underground geological formations and wells and cap;
#There may be multiple paths to fuel reduction in the wildland-urban interfaceconservative fuel treatments designed to reduce fire severity
however between these different thinning approaches where fuels were reduced. The findings suggest that there may be multiple paths to fuel treatment design around the wildland-urban interface (WUI.
Fuel reduction treatments are designed to reduce fire behavior and provide firefighters with safer opportunities to spot-protect homes
and qualitative observations during the Wallow Fire suggest previously implemented treatments did said just that Morris Johnson a research fire ecologist with the U s. Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station
Parts of the landscape that burned during the Wallow Fire previously underwent fuel reduction treatments as part of the White Mountain Stewardship Contract following another massive fire the Rodeo-Chediski Fire
This management history gave researchers an unexpected opportunity to study how effective two alternative fuel treatments were in reducing the fire's severity particularly in the WUI a critical area on the landscape where a forest
But the distance at which the reduction occurred differed depending on the intensity of the fuel treatment.
This would suggest that the greater a fuel treatment's emphasis on wildlife habitat and aesthetic considerations the larger the size of treatment area needed to realize a reduction in fire severity.
Our findings suggest that fuel treatments that promote wildlife habitat and aesthetics are still potentially successful in sufficiently reducing fire severity to provide opportunities to protect residences in the WUI during a fire said Kennedy.
Although this case study refers to just these treatments in this particular fire it does point to the possibility that there are multiple paths to effective fuel treatments.
or added energy where vegetable oil was mixed into the puree. There was also little difference in the amounts eaten over time between those who were fed basic puree and those who ate the sweetened puree
Looking forward to mid-centuryas population grows society needs more--more energy more food more paper more housing more of nearly everything.
Alternative sustainable fuels are needed urgently in the marine transport sector due to stringent upcoming regulations demanding reduced sulphur
and carbon content in diesels and oils from January 2015. Aston University (UK) scientists are involved in the Reship project
Via the process of fast pyrolysis where material is heated in the absence of oxygen the wood will be converted into crude pyrolysis oil.
Compared to petroleum-based oil however crude pyrolysis oil cannot be used for direct use in diesel engines as it is too unstable.
To counter this the Aston team led by Professor Tony Bridgwater will look to stabilise freshly produced pyrolysis biofuel through mild rapid low temperature catalytic hydrogen treatment.
In cooperation with the Paper and Fibre Research Institute in Norway they will also seek to blend the bio-oil with conventional diesel
and surfactant to form a multi-component fuel. The most promising fuels will then be tested engine to assess their quality and use for potential marine transport.
Professor Bridgwater Director of the European Bioenergy Research Institute at Aston University said: This project will establish a knowledge platform for cost-effective production of all new sustainable fuels which have the potential to completely alter marine travel.
All of the wood sourced will be from Norwegian forests which represent a significant resource for bioenergy production.
In Scandinavia fast pyrolysis oil production is rapidly becoming commercialized. Energy company Fortum is to invest â0m in an integrate bio-oil plant
while Swedish packing firm Billerud received â2m from the European commission to build a new biofuel plant based on forest residues.
and ash wood is popular for bows baseball bats firewood and electric guitar bodies. Sometimes you don't have a choice to manage pests once they're here.
and energy generation there still exists a vast surplus. Straw contains a mix of sugars that could be used as a source of biofuels that do not compete with food production
Researchers see nanodiamonds created in coal fade away in secondsimages taken by Rice university scientists show that some diamonds are not forever.
The Rice researchers behind a new study that explains the creation of nanodiamonds in treated coal also show that some microscopic diamonds only last seconds before fading back into less-structured forms of carbon under the impact of an electron beam.
while working on ways to chemically reduce carbon from anthracite coal and make it soluble. First they noticed nanodiamonds forming amid the amorphous hydrogen-infused layers of graphite.
when they took close ups of the coal with an electron microscope which fires an electron beam at the point of interest.
Unexpectedly the energy input congealed clusters of hydrogenated carbon atoms some of which took on the latticelike structure of nanodiamonds.
To knock hydrogen atoms off of something takes a tremendous amount of energy. Even without the kind of pressure needed to make macroscale diamonds the energy knocked loose hydrogen atoms to prompt a chain reaction between layers of graphite in the coal that resulted in diamonds between 2 and 10 nanometers wide.
But the most nano of the nanodiamonds were seen to fade away under the power of the electron beam in a succession of images taken over 30 seconds.
and they revert to the starting material the anthracite Billups said. Billups turned to Rice theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson
They used similar calculations to show how nanodiamonds could form in treated anthracite and subbituminous coal.
Stable nanodiamonds up to 20 nanometers in size can be formed in hydrogenated anthracite they found though the smallest nanodiamonds were continued unstable under electron-beam radiation.
Billups noted subsequent electron-beam experiments with pristine anthracite formed no diamonds while tests with less-robust infusions of hydrogen led to regions with onion-like fringes of graphitic carbon but no fully formed diamonds.
and oils may reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering bad cholesterol. We killed two birds with one stone
#Oil, gas development homogenizing core-forest bird communitiesconventional oil and gas development in northern Pennsylvania altered bird communities and the current massive build-out of shale-gas infrastructure may accelerate these changes according to researchers in Penn State's College of Agricultural
But they are being affected negatively in areas where there are high densities of shallow oil and gas wells says Margaret Brittingham professor of wildlife resources who conducted a study of bird communities in the Allegheny National Forest.
The national forest on the extensively forested Allegheny Plateau in northwestern Pennsylvania has more than 14000 active oil and gas wells.
Our results revealed changes in avian guilds resulting from oil and gas development and suggest that a loss of community uniqueness is a consequence.
Lead researcher Emily Thomas at the time a graduate student advised by Brittingham surveyed birds in 50-acre blocks selected for their varied amount of oil and gas development.
or absence of different songbird species in a range of landscapes including undisturbed forest low-density oil and gas development and high-density development.
and other openings created by oil and gas development are doing to bird populations said Brittingham.
or development were more abundant near oil and gas development than within undisturbed forest--potentially displacing the forest specialists.
Deep horizontal shale gas wells differ substantially from shallow conventional oil and gas wells in many ways.
#Vitamin e in canola, other oils hurts lungsa large new Northwestern Medicineâ study upends our understanding of Vitamin e and ties the increasing consumption of supposedly healthy Vitamin e-rich
oils--canola soybean and corn--to the rising incidence of lung inflammation and possibly asthma.
The form of Vitamin e called gamma-tocopherol in the ubiquitous soybean corn and canola oils is associated with decreased lung function in humans the study reports.
and sunflower oils does the opposite. It associated with better lung function. Considering the rate of affected people we found in this study there could be 4. 5 million individuals in the U s. with reduced lung function
and butter to soybean canola and corn oils which were thought to be healthier for the heart Looking at other countries'rates of asthma Cook-Mills said those with significantly lower rates of asthma have diets high in olive and sunflower oils.
In the U s. asthma prevalence (the percentage of people who have been diagnosed with asthma and still have asthma) was 8. 4 percent in 2010 as reported by the U s. Department of health and human services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
or more times higher than those of European and Scandinavian countries that consume sunflower and olive oil Cook-Mills noted.
and sunflower oil have the lowest rate of asthma and those that consume soybean corn and canola oil have the highest rate of asthma Cook-Mills said.
When people consume alpha-tocopherol which is rich in olive oil and sunflower oil their lung function is better.
The study examined 4526 individuals from the Coronary artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA.
Cook-Mills had done previous allergy research in mice showing alpha-tocopherol decreased lung inflammation protecting healthy lung function and gamma-tocopherol increased lung
and charcoal trapped in lake sediments historic land surveys and tree rings. All reveal the change of conditions through time
The meeting was hosted by the university's Byrd Polar Research center and the Office of Energy and the Environment.
Among the gloomy outlooks for Lake erie and the farm industry researchers and other experts offered more encouraging news about the recovery of Ohio forests and improved energy efficiency in electricity distribution and the operation of hospital systems statewide.
The conversation at the forefront of critical American infrastructure--including agriculture energy and public health--has shifted from
Bruce Braine Vice president for Strategic Policy Analysis at American electric power said that Ohio utilities are preparing for more frequent severe storms
A pilot project to install smart power meters in homes has cut the average length of power outages by 30 percent and reduced power consumption as much as 3 percent.
to reduce power consumption in healthcare through energy audits. I wanted to save hospitals money and
By enabling Ohio hospitals to obtain Energy star ratings OHA encourages hospitals to boost efficiency and resilience in the face of power outages.
So far the association's energy audits have earned participating hospitals more than $6 million in government energy rebates
and saved more than $7 million annually in energy use. The result is saved not only money but less pollution from fossil fuels
which aids public health--a natural goal for hospitals to have said Sites. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Ohio State university.
While Western diets have changed dramatically in the last century to become high energy low fiber
cheeseburger) our digestive systems including our gut bacterial colonies adapted over millennia to process a low-energy nutrient-poor and presumably high fiber diet.
Nitrogen enters the environment either through a microbial process called biological nitrogen fixation or through human activity such as fertilization and fossil-fuel consumption.
#Why you need olive oil on your salada diet that combines unsaturated fats with nitrite-rich vegetables such as olive oil
The Mediterranean diet typically includes unsaturated fats found in olive oil nuts and avocados along with vegetables like spinach celery and carrots that are rich in nitrites and nitrates.
The findings of our study help to explain why previous research has shown that a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil
Methane Emissions and the Greenhouse Gas Footprint of Natural Gasâ#will be published May 20 in the journal Energy Science and Engineering.
Natural gas â#that once seemingly promising link between the era of oil and coal to the serenity of sustainable solar wind and water power â#is a major source of atmospheric methane due to widespread
By reducing methane emissions society buys some critical decades of lower temperatures. â#oesociety needs to wean itself from the addiction to fossil fuels as quickly as possibleâ#Howarth said. â#oebut to replace some fossil fuels â#coal oil
and convert our energy systems to ones that rely on wind solar and water power. â#Story Source:
when it is substituted for higher-emission energy sources abundant shale gas is not likely to substantially alter total emissions without policies targeted at greenhouse gas reduction a pair of Duke researchers find.
and less expensive it will encourage greater natural gas consumption and less of fuels such as coal renewables and nuclear power.
or higher than emissions avoided by reducing the use of those other energy sources. Most evidence indicates that natural gas as a substitute for coal in electricity production gasoline in transport and electricity in buildings decreases greenhouse gases.
But natural gas production and consumption has higher emissions than renewables and nuclear power. Over the range of scenarios that we examine abundant natural gas by itself is neither a climate hero nor a climate villain said Richard Newell Gendell Professor of Energy and Environmental Economics and director of the Duke university Energy Initiative.
The findings are published in a special issue of Environmental science and Technology Understanding the Risks of Unconventional Shale Gas Development.
Natural gas from shale formations is favored by proponents as a cleaner inexpensive replacement for fuels such as coal
and oil that emit more carbon dioxide and local air pollutants. But extracting processing and transporting the fuel can result in emissions of methane--itself a potent greenhouse gas.
The precise level of these methane emissions is uncertain and extensive research on the subject is under way.
and nuclear said Daniel Raimi associate in research at the Energy Initiative. The net effect on U s. greenhouse gas emissions appears likely to be small in the absence of policies specifically directed at greenhouse gas mitigation.
If natural gas is expensive then it will be more costly to switch away from fuels that have higher greenhouse gas emissions such as coal and oil.
Getting energy for exhausting flightsthe Bochum biologist also studies the orchid bees'flight performance. The small insects do actually fly over distances of 50 kilometres.
Tamara Pokorny has a theory regarding how they get the energy necessary for those long distances without being forced to stop
They excrete superfluous water retaining only the energy source within their body. Orchids eucalyptus and fecesorchid bees live in Central
and its ability to convert raw materials into energy. In short these changes in gene expression adversely affect the plant's ability to grow
and macronutrient and fiber requirements without adding substantially to overall energy requirements. Macronutrients (carbohydrates protein and fat) provide calories or energy.
Our bodies need smaller amounts of micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. The researcher cited studies demonstrating that high fruit
and other species. A new report calls for saving half of boreal forest acreage to protect the habitat for more than 300 migratory bird species. The northern landscape is beset with oil gas mining
Southern boreal forests have already been affected by oil and gas mining forest product industries hydropower and roads and infrastructure.
However new satellite populations were started by people transporting infested ash trees from nurseries or as logs and firewood.
C4 is sort of a fuel-injected photosynthesis that maize and sorghum and millet have said he.
The Southeast is a major energy producer of coal crude oil and natural gas. Decreased water availability exacerbated by population growth
Rising temperatures lead to increased demand for water and energy and impacts on agricultural practices.
Over the past 60 years Alaska has warmed more than twice as rapidly as the rest of the United Statesâ#The state's largest industries energy production mining
Transportation) â#¢Energy: Extreme weather events are affecting energy production and delivery facilities causing supply disruptions of varying lengths and magnitudes and affecting other infrastructure that depends on energy supply.
The frequency and intensity of certain types of extreme weather events are expected to change. Higher summer temperatures will increase electricity use causing higher summer peak loads
while warmer winters will decrease energy demands for heating. Net electricity use is projected to increase.
Changes in water availability both episodic and long-lasting will constrain different forms of energy production.
In the longer term sea level rise extreme storm surge events and high tides will affect coastal facilities and infrastructure on
which many energy systems markets and consumers depend. As new investments in energy technologies occur future energy systems will differ from today's in uncertain ways.
Depending on the character of changes in the energy mix climate change will introduce new risks as well as new opportunities.
NCA Highlights: Energy Supply and Use) â#¢Water: Climate change affects water demand and the ways water is used within and across regions and economic sectors.
The Southwest Great plains and Southeast are particularly vulnerable to changes in water supply and demand. Changes in precipitation and runoff combined with changes in consumption
While climate change certainly is a global challenge as greenhouses-gases from the use of fossil fuels disturb ecosystems worldwide the impacts vary widely over space and time.
In 1924 Otto Warburg showed that cancer cells produced far more energy from glycolysis than did normal cells.
and though breast cancer gets some of its energy from glutamine it gets even more from glycolysis.
and pancreatic cancer glutamine appears to be the primary energy source. Nagrath director of Rice's Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases said the new metabolic analysis indicates that ovarian cancer may be susceptible to multidrug cocktails particularly
Nuclear markers have historically been difficult to work with in pines explains Willyard. Although the nuclear genome is important to fully understand evolutionary relationships in plants nuclear data sets are very difficult to obtain for large numbers of individuals
and are complicated by issues of paralogy and shared ancestral polymorphisms especially in long-lived outcrossing tree species like pines.
Dr Oliver Berkowitz a Research Associate in the ARC Centre for Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and the School of Plant Biology at the University of Western australia was involved also in the research.
so subsidies can provide a needed boost to make the investment worthwhile said study lead author Avery Cohn an independent fellow at the UC Berkeley Energy Biosciences Institute and a graduate of the Department of Environmental science Policy and Management.
and fossil fuel use as well as natural sources such as microbes in saturated wetland soils. The amount of atmospheric methane has remained relatively stable for about a decade
which is released from natural sources such as wetlands as well as from human activities including waste management the oil and gas industries rice production and livestock farming.
despite the positive public perception of biocontainers'environmental benefits as alternatives to petroleum-based plastic pots the impact of biocontainers on commercial greenhouse sustainability has not been evaluated thoroughly.
and researcher at the Air pollution Unit of the Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development has been involved in a number of food pilot projects in Italian schools.
#Protecting olive oil from counterfeiterswho guarantees that expensive olive oil isn't counterfeit or adulterated? An invisible label developed by ETH researchers could perform this task.
and mixed with the oil. Just a few grams of the new substance are enough to tag the entire olive oil production of Italy.
If counterfeiting were suspected the particles added at the place of origin could be extracted from the oil and analyzed enabling a definitive identification of the producer.
The method is equivalent to a label that cannot be removed says Robert Grass lecturer in the Department of chemistry and Applied Biosciences at ETH Zurich.
The confiscated goods also included more than 131000 litres of oil and vinegar. A forgery-proof label should
To ensure that the particles can be fished out of the oil as quickly and simply as possible Grass and his team employed another trick:
Experiments in the lab showed that the tiny tags dispersed well in the oil and did not result in any visual changes.
The magnetic iron oxide meanwhile made it easy to extract the particles from the oil.
Unbelievably small quantities of particles down to a millionth of a gram per litre and a tiny volume of a thousandth of a litre were enough to carry out the authenticity tests for the oil products write the researchers.
if the concentration of nanoparticles does not match the original value other oil--presumably substandard--must have been added.
Labels for petrol and Bergamot essential oilpetrol could also be tagged using this method and the technology could be used in the cosmetics industry as well.
But will consumers buy expensive'extra-virgin'olive oil when synthetic DNA nanoparticles are floating around in it?
It's exciting to learn that metabolites excreted by the host can play a role in triggering this system in bacteria said Thomas Metz an author of the paper and a chemist at the Department of energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
The findings come from a collaboration of scientists led by Scott Peck of the University of Missouri that includes researchers from Missouri the Biological sciences Division at PNNL and EMSL DOE's Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory.
On the energy front the findings will help scientists grow plants that can serve as an energy source
Also a better understanding of the signals that microbes use helps scientists who rely on such organisms for converting materials like switchgrass and wood chips into useable fuel.
#Atomic switcheroo explains origins of thin-film solar cell mysterytreating cadmium-telluride (Cdte) solar cell materials with cadmium-chloride improves their efficiency
Now an atomic-scale examination of the thin-film solar cells led by the Department of energy's Oak ridge National Laboratory has answered this decades-long debate about the materials'photovoltaic efficiency increase after treatment.
A research team from ORNL the University of Toledo and DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory used electron microscopy and computational simulations to explore the physical origins of the unexplained treatment process.
Thin-film Cdte solar cells are considered a potential rival to silicon-based photovoltaic systems because of their theoretically low cost per power output
Their comparatively low historical efficiency in converting sunlight into energy however has limited the technology's widespread use especially for home systems.
Only by understanding the structure can we understand what's wrong in this solar cell--why the efficiency is not high enough
By comparing the solar cells before and after chlorine treatment the researchers realized that atom-scale grain boundaries were implicated in the enhanced performance.
which greatly reduces the solar cell power. Using state of the art electron microscopy techniques to study the thin films'structure
The research team's finding in addition to providing a long-awaited explanation could be used to guide engineering of higher-efficiency Cdte solar cells.
Controlling the grain boundary structure says Li is a new direction that could help raise the cell efficiencies closer to the theoretical maximum of 32 percent light-to-energy conversion.
#Checking up on crude oil in the ground: Nanoreporters tell sour oil from sweetscientists at Rice university have created a nanoscale detector that checks for
and reports on the presence of hydrogen sulfide in crude oil and natural gas while they're still in the ground.
The nanoreporter is sized based on nanometer carbon material developed by a consortium of Rice labs led by chemist James Tour
The Rice team capitalized on that work by using the probes to create downhole detectors for oil fields.
Crude oil and natural gas inherently contain hydrogen sulfide which gives off a rotten egg smell. Even a 1 percent trace of sulfur turns oil into what's known as sour crude
which is toxic and corrodes pipelines and transportation vessels Tour said. The extra steps required to turn the sour into sweet crude are costly.
and Mason Tomson and researcher Amy Kan the university has pioneered efforts to gather information from oil fields through the use of nanoreporters.
and amount of oil in a well that might otherwise be hard to assess. Now the same team joined by chemist Angel Martã is employing thermally stable soluble highly mobile carbon black-based nanoreporters modified to look for hydrogen sulfide and report results immediately upon their return to the surface.
because we're making our nanoreporters detect something that's not oil Wong said suggesting the possibility that nanoparticles may someday be able to capture sulfur compounds before they can be pumped to the surface.
Testing in beds of sandstone or with actual Kuwaiti dolomite to mimic oilfield environments helped the team perfect the size
and value of the afforded oil. Authors include graduate students Lu Wang Errol Samuel Changsheng Xiang Zhiwei Peng and Kewei Huang;
The Advanced Energy Consortium supported the research. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Rice university.
Hispanics are also the number one users of energy drinks/shots sports beverages and 100 percent juice/juice drinks (Packaged Facts 2013b.
while maintaining energy throughout the day. Kid-Specific: Almost half of America's 32 million moms who say they always buy health foods/drinks for their kids are looking for a wider range of healthy convenient kid-friendly foods/drinks with nutrient
and the combined consumer sales of sports nutrition supplements nutrition bars and energy drinks topped $24 billion in 2012 up 11.2 percent (NBJ 2013e).
Millennials are also the most likely to believe that functional foods/beverages can be used in place of some medicines (NMI 2012) to relieve tiredness/lack of energy retain mental sharpness with aging stress and eye health.
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