otherwise come from fossil fuels. A global network of research farms--known as farm platforms--can evaluate the economic and environmental benefits of these
This year global methane emissions from palm oil wastewater are expected to equal 30 percent of all fossil fuel emissions from Indonesia where widespread deforestation for palm oil production has endangered orangutans.
and it can produce renewable electricity at a cost that's competitive with traditional fuels the authors said.
Tapping into that unused fuel supply could yield both financial and environmental benefits the authors said.
Boiling water to remove contaminants requires a great deal of fuel to heat the water. Membrane-based filters while able to remove microbes are expensive require a pump
The world's need for fuel will persist also when Earth's deposits of fossil fuels run out.
Bioethanol which is made from the remains of plants after other parts have been used as food or other agricultural products and therefore termed second generation is seen as a strong potential substitute candidate
Since 2010 it has been mandatory in Denmark to add five per cent ethanol to all gasoline sold in the country.
You can add up to 85 per cent bioethanol to gasoline and this is common in several South american countries.
The use of bioethanol instead of gasoline reduces the CO2 emissions from cars and fossil fuel consumption.
Therefore in the conditions of the study area forest chips were a relatively expensive fuel due to the high costs of felling
and it can be converted to ethanol the way corn is converted currently to ethanol fuel but oils would have greater energy than ethanol.
To nourish its mass an animal needs fuel. Burning that fuel generates heat. The animal has to find a way to get rid of excess body heat.
The obvious way is surface cooling. But because the tiger's surface area is proportionally smaller than its mass the surface is not up to the task.
because nitrogen a common fertilizer is released into the atmosphere from farming industry and burning fossil fuels.
This has helped fuel a growing global epidemic of obesity and chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
and the renewable fuels developed from corn production are used frequently to mitigate the GHG emissions from fossil fuel use explained Susantha Jayasundara lead author of the paper.
and aids in improving the GHG mitigation potential of corn-derived renewable fuels continued Jayasundara.
Given the environmental and economic benefits of renewable fuels and the proliferation of their use in Canada it is important to more fully understand the environmental impacts of their associated agricultural production added Serge Buy CEO of AIC.
The team identified ax-cut wood chips tree stumps and charcoal fragments from early logging efforts in unexpectedly deep layers of sediment 1. 5 meters (five feet) below the ground
High-resolution radiocarbon dating of tree-rings from the wood chips and charcoal confirm these are post European deposits
Algae have huge potential as a next generation renewable resource to manufacture a whole range of essential products including food medicines and fuel.
and fuel as a result of new research announced today. The University of Greenwich is leading a â0m international project to develop the microalga Dunaliella as a sustainable raw material that captures CO2
This particular alga is able to produce up to 80%of its mass as fuel but is currently too expensive to cultivate for fuel alone.
However it also produces a range of compounds of great interest in pharmaceutical cosmetic nutraceutical
By 2020 these algae may also provide us with sustainable fuel--the science is there but at the moment the costs don't add up.
and Physical sciences Research Council will also explore the conversion of wet seaweed to gas which can in turn be converted to liquid fuel.
which is used for fuel and constructions. Also this would support the emerging wood local market.
and provides methane for fuel. The same process allows natural gas production from agricultural residues a renewable resource.
Reducing and preventing the accumulation of fossil-fuel CO2 is the only way to ensure a safe climate future now.
what many economic development practitioners think of as the fuel for economic growth. But to me these findings provide quite robust evidence that even direct sales do have an effect on growth in the Northeast U s. Story Source:
Hoffmann explained that more rainfall in a savanna meant faster-growing grasses which meant any fires in that savanna would have ample fuel to spread quickly and easily.
The budget plans included prices of pest sprays tree costs fuel repairs and more. Morgan presented her paper last summer at the Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society
â#Before fossil fuels natural processes kept atmospheric carbon dioxide in check. Volcanic eruptions for example release CO2 while weathering on the continents removes it from the atmosphere over millions of years.
Human activities such as agriculture fossil fuel combustion wastewater management and industrial processes are increasing the amount of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere.
Try to reduce your fuel usage however you can. I offered suggestions on how to do this  last month starting with this one:
and will reduce your fuel consumption. They typically take longer to pay for themselves than solar PV,
and try growing oilseed crops to make your own fuel for your diesel vehicles--after all, that's
and breaks quickly without a continued supply of fuel. As oil becomes increasingly dear (and eventually,
Figure out a low-fuel way to get some compost and manure, and start building your soil.
and gasoline shortages and the trains weren't running to Kasama. Radiation levels were said to be high in the area
it's fossil fuels. We really need to rethink what we think is the good life.
and trucks that haul mountains of agribusiness cabbages and cucumbers and whatnot around the country trounce local vans in ton-miles per gallon-the jargon of freight fuel efficiency.
Further, it makes no sense to simply clamp down on fossil-fuel emissions without replacing the displaced energy.
and self-building over time something that will never be possible with fossil fuels. Once a town installs a substantial base of renewable power generation,
and electric taxis or Zipcars could eventually displace the majority of their liquid fuel consumption at a far lower cost per mile traveled.
In the Northeast, replace furnaces that burn heating oil with ones that burn natural gas, and ban the installation of new heating oil furnaces.
Replace incandescent lamps with LEDS or compact fluorescents. Support ridesharing and carsharing programs. Support local agriculture, small gardening plots on unused city property
Not drilling another 25,000 to 30,000 tight oil wells and another 500,000 shale gas wells domestically to temporarily displace foreign imports,
and eliminating our need for fossil fuels permanently, one town at a time, from the bottom up. We can do this,
and create real economic productivity at home using free fuel.  And if a beleaguered town like Lancaster can aim to be  net zero carbon
Our farting microbes are farting methane to power our generator which in turn feeds into the distillery's electrical distribution network this also fuels Reynier's electric car.
A Scottish university has entertained even the possibility for whisky-powered cars by converting pot ale and draff to a butanol additive for gasoline.
'saves 9, 500 gallons of fuel per yearsouthwest Airlines has announced the world's first green plane, a Boeing 737-700 that's 472 lbs. lighter than a conventional model and saves
9, 500 gallons of jet fuel per year. It's no secret that the airplanes are some of the worst polluting transportation methods available.
and thus reduce jet fuel consumption by six percent or about 90 million gallons a year.
That means less emissions (making the federal government happy) and less spent fuel (making shareholders happy.
a vanishing barcode warns of waning freshness Can U s. farms produce food without relying heavily on fossil fuels?
The volumetric ethanol excise tax credit (VEETC) which gives a 45-cent/gallon tax incentive for pure ethanol that is blended with gasoline,
such as Brazil's sugar cane-based fuel, meant to spur domestic demand. A bipartisan group called to put the subsidies to rest in a letter,
Subsidizing blending ethanol into gasoline is fiscally indefensible. If the current subsidy is extended for five years,
the Federal Treasury would pay oil companies at least $31 billion to use 69 billion gallons of corn ethanol that the Federal Renewable Fuels Standard already requires them to use.
calls for about 8 percent of all fuel used in 2011 to be from renewable sources and for blending 36 billion gallons of renewable fuel with transportation fuel by 2022.
and place at greater risk the thousands of well-paying jobs that the renewable fuels industry has created.
Ethanol consumes two-thirds of all federal subsidies for renewable fuels, said Ken Cook, president of the Environmental Working group,
If the same emphasis is placed on breeding programs for perennial grains that is already in place for alternative fuel,
where carbon-reduction targets are driving power utilities--particularly coal-fired power plants--to mix more wood pellets into their fuel supply.
and currently gets about 12.5 percent of its fuel--1. 2 million tonnes (Mt) per year--from wood pellets.
With new capital investment, the plant will get 20 percent of its fuel from pellets later this year,
and ultimately rely on biomass for the majority of its fuel. According to Jonathan Rager of Georgia-based Poyry Management Consulting, a 50 Mt gap will open between global supply and demand for pellets by 2020.
which is essential to qualify for use as renewable fuel in Europe. Forecast of wood pellet exports from North america 2007-2017, in million tonnes.
roughly 30 percent is fuel. Shipping by barge is by far the cheapest method, followed by rail.
it will prove to be a critical lifeline safeguarding our economic viability in an age of declining fossil fuels.
resource control and competition Bioengineering e coli to turn seaweed into fuel Fatty foods cause brain scarring, study shows
US Department of agriculture It also may reflect a growing consumer awareness that with 7 to 10 calories of fossil fuels (mainly natural-gas based fertilizers
and crucially necessary pathway to meaningfully reducing our dependence on fossil fuels. Three decades from now,
this happened because the growth era of cheap conventional crude oil supply ended, and the world began turning to expensive, difficult, unconventional oil supplies.)
and how much of that traffic constitutes an enduring shift away from fuel-burning transportation. Anecdotally, I have seen many more people in my own social circles biking more and driving less,
if we really want to reduce our consumption of fossil fuels, continues to languish. We do have data on the U s. retrofit market for solar PV,
and fuel flowing as they descend into the zombie apocalypse, this little spot could survive just fine.
The stimulus bill was like pouring gasoline on a fire, said Lee Tien, a privacy law attorney at the Electronic Frontier Foundation in San francisco. It was a slow-moving fire before,
The hydrogen and catalysts turn the biomass into a liquid fuel on the mobile platform.
The move to aluminum is all about fuel efficiency. Overall the new F-150 truck will drop 700 pounds by replacing steel with aluminum in its body panels.
How much fuel is saved will depend on the type of engine. With the most efficient option, the 2. 7-liter Ecoboost engine with start-stop technology, Ford estimates the truck could get close to 30 miles per gallon (mpg.
and stricter fuel-efficiency requirements are forcing automotive industry suppliers to constantly innovate to make ever lighter high-strength steel to address automakers'lightweighting goals.
Increasing fuel efficiency is vitally important for reducing the overall transportation sector's overall greenhouse gas emissions.
and biochemical and biofuel company Virent Energy have developed successfully a drop in gasoline and jet fuel made from pine trees in a $900,
000 demonstration project funded by the U s. Energy department, the Israeli Ministry of National Infrastructure and the BIRD Foundation.
The jet fuel was sent to the U s. Air force Research Laboratory for analysis where it passed rigorous testing,
including thermal stability specification tests conducted under some conditions where conventional jet fuels would fail,
Tim Edwards of the fuel branch of AFRL said in a release today. Virent has made fuels and chemicals from sugars in cellulosic biomass before.
But this project used Virdia's sugars generated from pine trees, which Virent cofounder and chief technology office Randy Cortright said leveraged its own conversion process
Virdia's end product can be used to make renewable fuels including diesel and jet fuel; biochemicals;
the pine tree-based jet fuel has a long way to go before its commercially available.
As opposed to gasoline or diesel, testing jet fuel requires far more product, noted Andrew Held, Virent's senior director of feedstocks.
Virdia CEO Phillippe Lavielle said the two companies will continue their collaboration and continue testing.
And you need all three to make a viable cellulosic drop in fuel, he said. Photo:
New tech converts junk plastics into fuel Solar-powered trash cans World s cheapest light bulb Printable paper solar panels New battery can recharge itself using sunlight The future
No deforestation, hazardous waste or expenditure of fuels. And interesting enough, the living bridges are actually stronger than ones built from wood.
What EROI tells us about ROIONE of the key deficiencies of unconventional fuels is their low energy return on investment relative to conventional fuels.
The more energy you have to invest to produce a fuel, the lower your EROI will be.
however, in the complex accounting of fuels in the real world. The financial return on all unconventional fuels is distorted in one fashion
or another by subsidies designed to encourage new development, debt acquired to finance the projects,
and the EROI of some fuels becomes very murky indeed. Corn ethanol offers a fine example of the problem.
More than $20 billion in subsidies over the past three decades have turned ultimately nearly 40 percent of the U s. corn crop into less than 10 percent of the country's fuel needs by volume,
the U s. taxpayer subsidized 75 percent of the price of each gallon of gasoline replaced with ethanol.
It has proven to be an expensive way to make a low-quality fuel (ethanol has about two-thirds the energy content of gasoline)
it was just barely a net energy-positive fuel at best. In the pithy observation of veteran energy analyst Robert Hirsch six years ago, making ethanol from corn is a process in
we should now see the real costs of producing corn ethanol begin to be priced in to the cost of gasoline.
The EROI tipping point A small cadre of academic researchers have calculated the EROI of various fuels
Hall and Murphy have also found that a given fuel must have an EROI of at least 3 to deliver a net benefit to society because of the associated infrastructure needed to support
and use the fuel, and that an overall EROI of at least 10 may be required to sustain a complex society.
and yes, subsidies for low-EROI fuels. You can run from EROI, but you can't hide All of these studies come to a similar conclusion:
As we continue to substitute unconventional fuels for conventional fuels and the overall EROI falls below 10,
and kill demand before unconventional substitutes can scale up to replace declining higher-EROI fuels. Biofuels can't do it;
we continue to invest in fuels with poor EROI. To navigate the future of energy,
because we avoid the production of energy from fossil fuels. It's a positive benefit to the environment.
My transferring the charges for pollution from greenhouse gas release from fossil fuels into offsets invested in the protection of forest.
the company says they cut fuel and greenhouse gases by 50 percent. I spoke recently with Gary Whicker, senior vice president of Engineering Services at J. B. Hunt.
The fuel efficiency of the railroad--it s metal on metal: metal wheel and metal rail.
so it s a great way to reduce driver wage and fuel. Every time you burn diesel fuel you re generating greenhouse emissions.
And for our industry it s standard to have a fuel surcharge, and it s about half for the train.
there s not chance we ll have a fuel spill. So that s a social benefit and an environmental benefit.
Your car runs on gasoline. There s no easy way to change that, but you can buy the J. B. Hunt carbon offsets
They had started a company called Reenergy over in Albany N y..That company had gained the rights to the technology where you can take an organic feedstock and turn it into liquid fuel.
This fuel can be used to drive generators, much more efficient than the steam process. We're looking to really do away with fossil fuels, in a lot of our operations within our existing infrastructure.
SP: Which is turned why you to biomass specialist  Envergent. DC: Envergent was really putting the finishing touches on the development side of bringing this forward.
and instead of purchasing electricity generated outside our state from fossil fuels, we're pouring our dollars into our local economy.
It doesn't fluctuate up and down like crude oil prices. There's a tremendous follow-on effect. SP: What's most important to Crane about going green?
In petroleum refining, there's a technique called FCC--fluid catalytic cracking--that makes gasoline, predominantly.
000 to see how the beef-based fuel would fare in the 3, 200-horsepower engine of a P32-8 locomotive.
If the test shows this use of a renewable fuel in our locomotive is successful, its a home run for our passengers, for our partners and for the planet.
In the name of reducing emissions and fuel usage, however, I'd rather Americans just choose trains over planes
I'm okay with the bovine fuel as long as Americans don't start claiming domestic energy as an excuse to eat (even more) cheeseburgers.
Dozens of companies and hundreds of scientists are working hard to engineer algae to produce green--literally and figuratively--fuel.
or more times more fuel per acre than the corn that is used to make ethanol,
Growing the next'green'fuel Clean, sustainable hydrogen from algae could reduce U s. dependence on foreign oil Solazyme founder Harrison Dillon:
The exterior is clad with more than 400,000 locally sourced sticks of firewood which Li hopes will attract birds that will contribute mud
Fuel usage has also been cut by 20 percent. The sales team can also use Sun World's data in conjunction with industry buying trends to figure out the best timing for campaigns.
At the time, gasoline-powered vehicles provided clean streets, Chu said. Now we have another environmental problem,
he said of pollution and greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels. It may not be quite as visible or an assault on our senses as horse manure
how can we accelerate the decline to achieve the elusive $1/watt price where clean technologies are price-competitive with fossil fuels?
Cleanstar's plan to use ethanol to clean up cookingcleanstar  Mozambique has opened a biofuel plant to produce cassava-based ethanol fuel in an effort to replace charcoal,
and sell ethanol for cooking as well as a modern cookstove designed to use the fuel. The company, formed two years ago by industrial enzyme maker Novozymes and Cleanstar Ventures, is tackling an economic, environmental and public health problem in Africa.
The widespread use of charcoal to cook food has created a $10 billion market. Its production also has devastated million of acres of forests.
 The cost of fuel is a huge issue in the country, where more than 50 percent of the population live on less than a $1 a day.
Charcoal has exacted more than an economic toll on the folks who use it for cook food.
The organization estimates that indoor air pollution from solid fuel use, including charcoal, causes almost 2 million  deaths a year.
The facility will produce two million liters a year of ethanol-based cooking fuel from surplus cassava supplied to the company by local farmers.
But in the age of cheap petroleum, biofuels could never really overtake gasoline as the fuel of choice.
Gasoline has a special vapor pressure specification for volatility for fumes. They end up back in the atmosphere.
Ethanol can only be made into gasoline. Butanol, the kind we use, can be converted into diesel fuel and also into jet fuel.
It has essentially no impurities and is essentially indistinguishable from normal diesel and jet fuels.
We can make it from a variety of feedstock. We can make butanol from corn, but we've decided to avoid that route.
That's really the challenge with all these fuel and chemical technologies, they have to cross the Valley of Death.
because prices are higher than they are in fuels and the key to getting the technology really, really, really cheap,
and not try to sell into the gasoline market at $2 a gallon. If you're building cellulosic ethanol, the second,
You need to have cheap crude oil --i e. waste materials--and you don't want to be in competition for feedstocks,
I actually ran clean fuels research for Amoco at the time, which actually involved cleaning up gasoline,
so I know what it takes to bring technology from test-tube scale to production.
But that's not a solution to the cellulosic fuel problem. I think you're going to see those show up,
From a volume perspective, the fuels market is much better than the chemicals market. The chemicals market is pretty exciting--the revenues are the same.
and fossil fuel that s needed to make chemical fertilizer, mechanize working the land and its crops,
biobutanolyour fuel tank could be filled entirely by a corn product within a few years. A new drop in biofuel replacement for gasoline,
backed by BP and Dupont, is set to begin commercial production in 2014. There is more corn grown in the United states used for ethanol fuel production than for livestock feed.
Yet, ethanol arguably has a demand constraint: the so-called blend wall, and government subsidies are expiring.
Ethanol accounts for 10 percent of the U s. fuel supply. E-10, a federal blending requirement, has become a standard.
and a rising federal alternative fuel mandate will guarantee future demand. There's also an alternative path toward growth:
Butanol is drop in fuel molecule that can be used in existing vehicles and fuel distribution infrastructure,
Biofuels and renewables can play a bigger role in terms of contribution towards the fuel supply in the USA, which at the moment,
Shell score high on biofuel assessment Fuel to Byrne Cleanstar's plan to use ethanol to clean up cooking
When it comes to preventive measures that reduce the fuel load inside forests there is more accord.
With the closest mill 180 miles away, it's too costly to do much with the harvested timber except sell it as firewood in grocery stores,
and rising fuel costs are shaving his already thin margins. But Ribelin is hopeful Timberguide might help his operation run more efficiently.
BP scraps cellulosic ethanol plant plans Turning pine trees into jet fuel Wood chip-to-sugar maker scales up to replace oil and food crops
Reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Protecting people & the environment. Growing in developing markets. The Applied Biosciences division,
help clients satisfy government mandates for renewable fuels. To begin, Binetti offered a look at the global biofuels market.
Ethanol is projected to rise to 20 percent of the overall transportation fuel supply. Drop in fuels and non-food feedstocks are needed.
Drivers: energy security, rural community growth, fewer greenhouse gas emissions, food constraints, green jobs. Binetti outlined the advantages of cellulosic ethanol:
Binetti said he expects a lot of interest in the fuel. Once the technology becomes available, we expect plants to be built quickly,
and BP brings the fuel blending, testing and marketing.)The advantage of butanol is that its higher energy content means more of it can replace gasoline,
Binetti said. This makes it easier for fuel producers to meet mandates, he said. Ã Â Retail gas stations can be taken into and out of butanol service without problem.
The EPA (Environmental protection agency)' s website lists emission metrics from power plants, oil refineries, paper mills and other industries across U s boundaries and states.
Petroleum refineries ranked second with emissions of 183 mmt. CO2 accounted for the largest percent of greenhouse gas emissions,
Startup turns landfill-bound plastics into oil E coli bacteria that eats switchgrass to make fuel Dead people power:
--U s. chain restaurants and a group of congressmen are launching an assault against biofuels on the grounds that fuel produced from crops like corn are pushing up food prices.
Fuel Standard (RFS. The RFS requires transportation fuels to contain a minimum complement of renewables.
That includes ethanol which is produced from corn, a crop that has fed long the cattle that the food industry turns into burgers and steaks that groups like White Castle and Wendy's sell.
White Castle and its fellow meat marketers are hoping to take a bite out of the renewable fuel forces that they say are pushing up prices.
Believe it or not, Icelandic geothermal to power European cars Fuel efficient cars: What a waste Meanwhile up in the sky,
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