We would like to thank the experts who reviewed the exposã and interim draft of this Policy Brief:
One group of experts argues that govern -ments should do both, while others favour a policy
ï Interviews with individual experts ï Expert survey Secondary data analysis ï OECD and Eurostat databases
Three expert interviews were conducted for this Policy Brief: One with OECD economist Jonathan Potter one with US venture capital and innovation policy advisor Burton Lee,
Two experts were charged with guiding the research for this Policy Brief, constituting an advisory board ï Allan Martel, President of Allan Martel Consulting based in Ottawa, Canada
These experts had agreed to review drafts of this policy brief and contributed to the workshop where the re
Allan Martel Consulting also contributed a case study (see section 5. 3) and an expert statements paper (statements are used throughout the Policy Brief
many experts took a similar view, high -lighting that Europe is largely lacking such opportunity-looking entrepreneurial spirit
The Group of Independent Experts concluded that â€oeeurostars should not only be sustained but pref -erably its budget should be increased in the future.
-tomers and industry experts as well as support to find the necessary resources, above all funding and em
senior management consultant Rebecca Scheel †the applying companies need to be at the right develop
business consultants. These companies then do a pitch to Accelerace†s investment committee which makes
The investment committee is made up of several investors, industry experts as well as Symbion†s CEO. The initial pitch to enter the programme resembles a typical investor pitch, while the final
pitch includes validated information for customers and industry experts, an actionable operational plan, and a
The Accelerators are not consultants--they are co-entrepreneurs who in -vest in the companies they work with to guarantee common goals and passionate development effort. †72 The
In a study for the European Commission†s Sectoral E-business Watch in 2009,42 experts responded to a
of stakeholders and experts with sectoral background and reputation. Second, its suitability for addressing advanced goals.
or failure. †144 The experts consulted for this Policy Brief took dif -ferent views.
Good coaching by external consultants Unproblematic access to growth finance Successful new marketing methods Successful introduction of new products or services
Good coaching by external consultants Unproblematic access to growth finance Successful new marketing methods Successful introduction of new products or services
However, existing evaluations and expert statements collected for this Policy Brief suggest that such policies should take a broader approach, not ex
d) good coaching by external consultants e) unproblematic access to growth finance f) successful new marketing methods
During an intensive five-month process you will be in contact with customers and industry experts
The Accelerators are not consultants--they are co -entrepreneurs who invest in the companies they work with.
Tom Fleming, Consultant on creativity and economic development 7 Table of contents 1) Reinvent Europe through Innovation
manager or a consultant. It is striking to see that in certain companies, there are more
We passionately believe that innovation is not a minor policy area for a small group of experts
Tom Fleming, Consultant on creativity and economic development This report and the work of the panel were supported by DG Enterprise and Industry as part of the preparations
Evaluation always involves the participation of independent experts Catalonia has acquired experience and best practices in evaluating the impact of R&i
carried out by independent experts 4. 4. 3. Review The RIS3CAT system of governance provides for continuous review based on the
Evaluation always involves the participation of independent experts Catalonia has acquired experience and best practices in evaluating the impact of R&i
carried out by independent experts 4. 4. 3. Review The RIS3CAT system of governance provides for continuous review based on the
â Meetings with experts, universities, research centres, clusters companies, chambers of commerce â Public consultation
Smart specialisation has also been advocated strongly by the Synergies Expert Group established by the Commission's Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
Brief of the Knowledge for Growth Expert Group advising the then Commissioner for Research, Janez Potoä nik
assessment (a review by peer regions and experts) and post-review follow-up Stage 1: During the preparation stage, a region has to prepare a structured presentation of
consultation with the S3 Platform team and experts Stage 2: The actual review phase generally takes the form of an interactive workshop.
academic experts working in the field of smart specialisation. Following the peer review phase, the S3 Platform team prepares a summary report,
as well as any conclusions and expert recommendations Stage 3: During the post-review follow-up stage, the S3 Platform team will then contact the
introduction of external experts in this analytical phase The benefits of bringing in an external view to address sensitive issues such as redundancies and
when the external consultants and experts were involved truly in the exercise, when foreign experts teamed up with national or regional ones,
or when they acted as coaches for the regional decision-makers (to ensure a strong legacy from their input, rather than a one-off contribution
This involves expert work on value chain analysis (undertaken in an international environment and enlightening the spatial division
experts who study the cases in close cooperation with cluster actors: this helps to take into
Mixing regional experts with international experts helps to give more weight to the international competitiveness issue.
and involve interactions between experts (Table 1; see more details on the FOREN website). ) For RIS3, foresight studies would ideally combine regional expertise with
experts who can contribute to the benchmarking and peer review processes Defining the scope of the RIS3 is crucial,
-making, with a wide participation of actors and experts from within and outside the region.
and international experts who can offer benchmarking and peer review services for example. Figure 1 exemplifies a number of organisations belonging to each of the previous
Cohesion Policy adopted by the international panel of experts advising the EU Commissioner for Regional Policy
representatives as well as foreign experts at relevant points. It is important at this stage to take a
should be carried out by independent experts, guided closely by those responsible for the policy Monitoring and evaluation complement each other.
as well as experts to work directly on regional development priorities. Universities are a critical'asset'of the region, mainly
•Policy Recommendations of the High-level Expert Group on KETS (2011). 98 95 http://www. observatorynano. eu/project
EU's creative industries,'TERA Consultants, March 2010. See also the emphasis on the creative industries in the
A group of experts from Member States currently working on the'strategic use of EU support
public sector organisations and advisory bodies and the Chief Scientific Adviser to The irish Government. The group was chaired by a senior industry figure.
Technical experts were appointed to the groups to facilitate their work. The four TWGS and their respective scopes are
s and the consultants prepared detailed assessment of each of the proposed areas using a
•Data repositories serviced by experts to capture and enable the exploitation of publicly available data from research and administrative sources to benefit future research;
public sector organisations and advisory bodies and the Chief Scientific Adviser to The irish Government. The group was chaired by a senior industry figure.
Technical experts were appointed to the groups to facilitate their work. The four TWGS and their respective scopes are
s and the consultants prepared detailed assessment of each of the proposed areas using a
•Data repositories serviced by experts to capture and enable the exploitation of publicly available data from research and administrative sources to benefit future research;
Consultant: Avensa Consulting SRL, Iasi 2 Declaration of vision and mission Actual status in 2013 (to moment, no intervention scenario
ï Online consultation with RDI experts and stakeholders †proposals of promising R&i programs for each candidate field;
ï Large-scale online consultation of experts and stakeholders on the 90 R&i fiches †quantitative evaluation, backed up by pro/con arguments;
and experts are divided about the best approach to the matter Economically, the eight †development regions†are very unequal in strength, with Bucharest
number of experts and stakeholders, including representatives of the business community. A commitment to the project was secured from a broad group of key actors †decision-makers in
gradually by groups of experts and stakeholders, on the basis of available evidence, with input
In the second stage, 13 panels of 15-25 experts and stakeholders worked from this input as well
experts; and a system of local R&d and innovation to develop prototypes or to produce customized
experts); ) additional financing (identify new sources of financing, leverage relationships with local banks provide negotiation and contracting support;
core team of experts who would oversee the implementation of the action plan and facilitate collaboration on research projects
stakeholders and policy experts will help the Commission to decide whether to submit new proposals for legislation on universal service obligations in the
 consultant  for  energy  policy  and  renewable  energies  in
 consultant  for  energy  issues  in  Switzerland  In  1986
 experts  are  considering  not  to  be  the Â
 Expert  Group  3  of  the  Smart  Grid  Task
 Expert  Groups  have  delivered  reports  in  2011  While
 Expert  group  3  on  â€oeroles  and  re- â€
adviser Meeting with stakeholders Selection of priorities Policy mix roadmap and action plan Integration of
We have got a european RIS3 specialist consultant (Adrian Healy from Cardiff†s University) to supervise the process
consultant ï¿Our objetive is finish the steps 1, 2, 3 of RIS3's guide in theï¿
2006-2009 by a panel of experts supported by the European Commission2, whose mission was studying the causes of a growing gap in R&d efforts between Europe and the United
through interactions with their co-workers, suppliers, clients and consultants on projects such as those to improve quality control methods or products.
the delegates, experts and Secretariat members for their contributions. I trust that this publication will provide inspiration to policy makers around the world and,
The following experts comprised the Scientific Advisory Group that helped guide preparation of this publication
Assistance in developing the Country Notes was provided by the following experts Petr Adamek, Bergman Group, Czech republic
bringing in outside firms and consultants to help them implement change, for example in quality control, marketing or product development.
Experts may be called on in a range of areas, such as in research and development, legal, information technology, marketing and
consultants providing knowledge-intensive service activities (KISA), for example using â€oeinnovation vouchers†for SMES â Strengthen local skills ecosystems.
consultants and other firms often brings new non-technological ideas into the firm with respect to business practices, workplace organisation and marketing (OECD, 2010a
service activity providers such as consultants (OECD, 2010a, forthcoming â Entrepreneurship skills. Another often overlooked factor affecting the propensity for
experts and delegates to the OECD Working Party on SMES and Entrepreneurship and OECD Local Economic and Employment Development Committee
referral service linking firms to experts within industries SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 201048
external experts; and providing physical office space Nine centres have been selected in two competitive tenders. Their setup and operation are supported
are shared, including with international experts. The budget for the whole intended programme life cycle amounts to EUR 77 million, a third of which comes from federal money, a third from the regions, and a
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Lack of qualified personnel Difficulty in finding co-operation
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
provides incentives for experts, such as serial entrepreneurs, to become mentors and active developers in new ventures.
Such experts are positioned well to offer high-quality advice and contacts for start-ups to accelerate their growth and internationalisation,
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
young scientists, technicians and engineers in research and development projects, engaging experts in R&d and commercialisation projects,
design consultants and mentors, and external costs associated with prototyping SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 201086
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
business experts, and there is a requirement for matching funds from the firms themselves. TIP funds cover project costs only
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
work as experts. By the beginning of 2009,16 500 projects had been presented to the Foundation, and of
these focus on improvement of research experts in the business sector. Besides the traditional programmes to support young researchers and young researchers from the business sector, the Public
Consultants commercial labs or private institutes Government or public research institutes 0 0. 5 1. 0
and links to external experts (see Austria†s Country Note â Interactive learning networks boost SME innovation and need to be stimulated
linkages to more technologically advanced firms or business experts (see Australia†s Country Note â The absorptive capacity of SMES needs be strengthened
consultants, clients and suppliers in the firm†s network and/or value-chain, which could
performed in-house with external actors such as business consultants or other professionals from the SME€ s network and/or its value chain.
real entrepreneurs and experts SME management training According to a European commission document on management capacity-building policies for SMES, a common issue throughout Europe is that an overwhelming majority of
It involves internal or external consultants that work with the business owner or managers to think about processes, business models or solutions to specific problems.
Although training can in principle be provided by experts from other countries or regions, it tends to be seen as a local resource by both enterprises and employees.
development †training programmes for owners, managers and consultants in business planning, financial services, ICT and marketing
meeting gathered a number of experts and social innovators, and concrete examples of existing social innovations were discussed.
They are the experts on their own lives. At a more theoretical level, it also suggests the need to challenge the â€oeorthodoxy†within the functionalist managerial
and verified by a panel of experts include human, financial, physical equipment and space), and intangible/intellectual resources and are offered as part of the content services to
The strengths, weaknesses and potential of the Southeast have been analysed by State agencies and by consultants in these reports
DKM Economic Consultants. An Economic Profile of Carlow, February 2009. Unpublished report commissioned by Co. Carlow local authority
the Port of Waterford engaged consultants to conduct a strategic review of operations and make recommendations as to its future operation and development.
Colin Buchanan Consultants published results of a survey of businesses in their Waterford Airport Economic Impact Assessment in February 2010
DKM Economic Consultants. Annual Construction industry Review 2009 and Outlook 2010†2012, October 2010. Accessed at http://www. dkm
Data on construction employment was obtained by DKM Economic Consultants for Q1 2010, based on the total number employed at that time (130,600).
DKM Economic Consultants. Annual Construction industry Review 2009 and Outlook 2010†2012, October 2010. Accessed at:
DKM Economic Consultants for the Society of Chartered Surveyors Ireland. The irish Construction industry in 2012. Accessed at:
Although ICT experts disagree on how big the future skills gap in the sector will be,
Experts believe a new wave of big data and smartphone applications has the highest potential in terms of job creation
according to experts. But how big the skills gap will be is impossible to forecast in an
EU, experts claim â€oewe need that whole support infrastructure, mentors, access to finance. It should be easier to set up a business, and
global level, experts warn As researchers from the Belgian university KUL stressed in a study recently
25.1%of companies hired ICT experts and 11.1%hired new experts in 2013 In turn, 22.9%of companies invested in ICT training in 2013.
According to the American consultant J. Kotter 9 differ tangled emotions that occur change as anger, pessimism, arrogance, pride, cynicism, panic, fatigue, distrust, anger
use external experts to run assessments, as well as the development of interventions, due to the possible lack of expertise and thus results in
as they are experts of their own lives. This tacit knowledge that citizens hold is often critical to the innovation process.
if we only look to experts with similar perspectives and heuristics, then they are likely to †get stuck in the same placesâ€, while a
Bureau of European Policy Advisers. 2010 Empowering People, Driving Change: Social Innovation in the European union.
Bureau of European Policy Advisers. 2010 Empowering People, Driving Change: Social Innovation in the European union.
European Policy Advisers, European commission Available at: http://ec. europa. eu/bepa/pdf /publications pdf/social innovation. pdf
by professional consultants, university researchers and technology centers (Le Blanc et al. 1997; Hoffman et al 1998;
-sessed by philosophers and politicians as well as security and trust experts 4 Survey of Work on Social and Economic Tussles as
-nomic experts investigating the relationship between FI technology, society, and the economy through white papers, workshops, FIA sessions, and research consultancy
Cloudsourcing-the cloud sparks a new generation of consultants & service brokers (2010), http://www. processor. com/editorial/article. asp
From the close interaction with the experts in the field, we derived an approach for the evaluation based on the feedback of the citizens and also of the op
of ICT experts will be reduced substantially. To this end, we wish to propose three grand research challenges
mastership of ES development, handing it over to business experts. To this end, the ICT domain needs to push forward the implementation of future ES development
environments, specifically conceived to be used directly by business experts. Such development environments will be based on an evolution of MDA,
interfaces will foster new development environments conceived for business experts to directly intervene in the development process
and business experts. Together, they need to cooperate in developing a new breed of services, tools, software packages, interfaces and user interaction solutions that are
offering to the business experts the possibility of directly governing the development of software architectures.
the specific context of developing new FINESS, where business expert can directly manage a new generation enterprise software architectures.
-ness experts by using Enterprise Systems/Architectures (including Business Process Engineering methods and tools starting from a repository of FINERS, the new sort of
This system is used mainly by business experts who, once identified the area (s) where it is necessary/suitable to intervene,
with a rich set of tools necessary to support the business experts in their redesign
In order to put the business experts at the centre of the ES development process, we foresee a platform where FINERS are visualised
Then, business experts supervise and complete the work. This approach represents a marked discontinuity with the past
since a FINES will be engineered directly by business experts and not by IT special -ists. In fact, business experts will be able to select,
manipulate, and compose FINERS at best, since they know better than IT specialists what the different business entities
experts 6 Conclusions At the beginning of the 80s, the SUN had a visionary catchphrase, summarised in the
Smart cities have been pointed recently out by M2m experts as an emerging market with enormous potential,
which allows them to become experts earlier than most. Segments 2 and 4 have lower
-ledge expert does not fully recognize the value of their knowledge or how to turn that
knowledge into profit or else the expert would be acting as an entrepreneur. In turn the entrepreneur may not have the depth of knowledge that the specialist possesses (for
and acquire more knowledge experts, they have the potential to Price et al. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 5 of 20
experts and consultants in two Eastern European countries: Hungary (19%of the SMES in the sample) and Romania (81%of the sample.
Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), in Seville (Spain) a group of experts from regions and
This first EUA-JRC workshop gathered 40 experts from 18 European countries, across both EU 15 and EU 12
EUA nominated university experts through consultations with its â€oecollective†members, the national rectors†conferences, who selected experts with experience of
regional cooperation to advise on good practices and guidelines for the new Smart Specialisation agenda
develop RIS3 in collaboration with leading experts. This includes peer review activities where regions present their RIS3 strategies
Miguel Angel Aguirre Spain Andalusia Adviser, Andalusian Regional Government Ministry for the Economy, Innovation, Science
Sue Brownlow England (UK) Cornwall Adviser to Cornwall County Council Jo Banks England (UK) Cornwall Cornwall County Council
Senior Adviser Armin Mahr Austria Federal Ministry of Science and Research Head, coordination research locations & EU
Alexandre Almeida Portugal Norte Head Adviser, Regional Development Unit Borut Ronä eviä Slovenia National government
priority and cooperation themselves using external experts and consultancies, and cohesion funds are broadly spread and therefore not necessarily supporting the strongest strategic centres.
The report involved policy and business experts across the globe in exploring the changing nature of innovation within the
In 2006, the Independent Expert Group on R&d and Innovation, chaired by Esko Aho, published its landmark report,
software developers, designers, marketing and business experts as well as those who have knowledge of specific areas of social need-to a two-and-a
4 to 7 people, including civil servants from the Regions, politicians, experts and citizens. Participants raise their own questions,
professions, and the idea that the expert knows best. Many of these methods have been helped greatly by the ability of the web to draw in a far wider
Report of the Independent Expert Group on R&d and Innovation Appointed Following The Hampton Court Summit, Available at
decision-making more expert and more democratic†Democracy Journal 7 Available at http://www. democracyjournal. org/article. php?
rise of innovations like the Expert Patients programmes, or Patient Opinion Public policy has turned also towards the household, through innovations like
involving users at every stage as well as experts, bureaucrats and professionals; designing platforms which make it easy to assemble project
renowned experts spend between two and six months helping the government to identify problems and explore original solutions on issues
idea that †the expert knows bestâ€. Many of these methods have been greatly helped by the ability of the internet to draw in a far wider range of people and
Visits from external experts can be an aid to training and formation or, as in the case of SEKEM, they can keep
how innovations can be diffused among service providers through experts intermediaries, and collaboration. However, we argue that the design of
199) Barefoot consultants. There is an important role for consultants and those with specialist knowledge †who can act as knowledge brokers and
advisers in the new systems. It is best if they seek to diffuse information acting as educators, rather than protecting their knowledge through
intellectual property and charging for access 5 98 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Organisation and scale
The Expert Patients Programme (NHS/EPP) is an example of this trend, where citizens with particular medical conditions provide
authorities, experts, and local citizens. Together they formulated and implemented a series of community-based interventions intended to
academic journals †which sit alongside consultants adept at looking at companies†IP, or their R&d pipelines, spotting patterns and possibilities
277) Innovation champions are individual consultants who produce ideas network to find what else is being tried,
Consultant for companies that develop eco products and designer of a line of eco-clothing.
experts in their respective fields 138 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Innovation platforms There are different types and forms of platforms,
seven people, including civil servants from the Regions, politicians, experts and citizens. Participants raise their own questions,
The Neighbourhood Renewal advisers in the UK are one example 1 166 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION
decision-making more expert and more democratic. †Democracy Journal. †No. 7, Winter 2008 1
517) Users as producers †such as the Expert Patients Programme, which teaches users to manage their own health conditions more effectively
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