This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
trends focusing on governance models, the transformation of work and collabo -ration as a consequence of the digitization of the work environment, and finally
dealing with what may be considered the real challenge to digital business: how to manage, control, and exploit a company†s identity and brand in a competitive
current scientific work concerning relevant topics to digital business innovation such as, for example, the different perspectives of Information systems research
focusing on work practices, identity/brand digital transformation, and governance In this Part, the analysis will focus on the main managerial trends, actually
-ment pull perspective to consider how work and collaboration may be reconfig -ured or adapted to the new digital opportunities and constraints emerging from
rich and rigorous research environment where I am proud to work I acknowledge also some colleagues from other universities with whom I†ve had
the pleasure to work, whose conversations, comments, and presentations provided precious insights for this book:
their ideas and competences have inspired my work: Silvio Fraternali, Paolo Cederle, Massimo Milanta, Massimo Schiattarella, Diego Donisi, Gianluca Pan
5. 4. 1 Work from Your Phone...100 5. 4. 2 Bring Your Own Media Tablet...
6 Digital Work and Collaboration...113 6. 1 Introduction...113 6. 2 Collaboration Types...115
CSCW Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSFS Critical Success Factors Cxo C-level Manager DDS Digital data stream
-works to sensor data, click streams, e g.,, from internet of things Accessibility: the fourth dimension concerns the unmatched availability of chan
previous work to improve strategic information governance modeling and assessment 29, we argue that integration orientation refers to IS integration and is
-ing managers decision making and employees perform their work Thus, integration orientation is one of the determinants of organizational
since the work may shift from hands-on technical experience to reporting and following up the service provider to solve the
dealing with them such as the fear from more work and more responsibility 15 These reasons can be alleviated by clearly explaining all the issues are related to
interaction between the people and technology in the work environment, and that affect its intention behind this transformation.
transformation having impact on lifestyle, work, as well as on markets structures business strategy and customer experience
personal devices by employees for work, as we are going to see in Chap. 5 on the IT Consu
In particular, it is worth mentioning the work by Ghose et al. 28 which explores the difference in economics between the two
-work of authorized dealers and repair shops by Renault/Dacia. Before 2012, the acquisition and processing of the orders were carried out on paper forms or by
handling, providing ergonomics that reduce operator effort. They can meet military standards e g.,, for dust, rain, humidity, strong shocks, repetitive tumbles and temperature extremes
Nokia works in the international telecomm market, producing mobile devices, providing services and solution for worldwide dynamics and
MIT Cent Coord Sci Work Pap 226 5. Bonabeau E (2009) Decision 2. 0: the power of collective intelligence.
Work Paper 001 4. 7 Summary 85 7. Gregg DG (2010) Designing for collective intelligence.
Proceeding 2nd ACM Work. Soc. web search Min. ACM, Hong kong pp 65†68 16. Li Y, Ma S, Zhang Y, Huang R, Kinshuk (2013) An improved mix framework for opinion
International Work Foundation Data Management Puebla/Cholula, Mex May 21†23 30. Jones R, Kumar R, Pang B, Tomkins A (2007) I know what you did last summer:
Pervasive Computer Communication Work PERCOM Work, pp 525†530 36. Aggarwal C, Abdelzaher T (2013) Social Sensing.
companies bring their own laptops to the work environment to use them to do their jobs.
work, and blurring the lines between personal machines and work-focused ones Moreover, they are using social media to reach
lives, consumer technologies have been steadily entering the workplace and increasingly deleting the barriers between home
individual employees can choose their own type of device to do their work, are beginning to flourish in the business world 3. Now, organizations in general and
A major driver of mobile device usage in the work environments has been the emergence of cloud computing. As mentioned before, both personal and business
being seen as a roadblock on how users want to work, it can provide a more subtle
collaboration initiative at the staff, enhance the employees ability to work in virtual teams, and increase peer influence
The increasing number of employees†private devices used in workplace is pre -senting a challenge for the managers 10.
not suitable to be used at the work environment; hence, it is difficult to apply the same security standards and policies on those personal devices.
-nect to enterprise networks regularly are used for both work and private purposes which results in a blurring of the distinction between work and personal life of the
worker. Although, there are concerns raised about the possibility of harmful software being introduced into the enterprise network by poorly protected
social media so that they can have better communication and work more effi -ciently. However, such procedures can conflict with the enterprise†s IT SECURITY
to a file created on hisher work computer, heshe can easily store the document using his personal cloud service.
primarily for personal use, heshe can upload hisher work documents and then access them from any device 14
suitable any more in nowadays work environments because of today†s complex computing landscape and the countless number of employees using consumerized
-work or not. A centralized management approach could be the one that can provide the flexibility and visibility that the company needs to securely deliver the right
connectivity support users†work styles. Planning teams involve users categori -zation into segments and the identification of the various scenarios of IT consu
and work styles according to 15 as well as some typical scenarios for the different segments of users who belong to those segments
and work location flexibility. Figure 5. 3 illus -trates users†segmentation along these three dimensions
and describe work style segments, such as those listed in Table 5. 2 1 Engage Stakeholders
and Tech realist work styles are the most applicable scenarios because of the average high level of technology
The personas that represent these work styles in the scenarios in this section are corporate attorney, business manager, contractor, executive, high-end salesperson
Table 5. 2 Consumerization of IT work styles and attributes Non-PC worker Generalist Road
Table 5. 3 Consumerization of IT personas and work styles Business scenario Role Work style
Work from your phone Corporate attorney Tech realist Bring your own media tablet Business manager All star
5. 4. 1 Work from Your Phone A corporate attorney brings his own devices, such as, e g.,
and write work email messages, schedule appointments, and send and receive instant messages. However, only some of them
are able to access work files from their phone while in their offices because of security restrictions
are related to work and to solve the bending issues by conducting Instant mes -saging IM discussions while sharing documents on the screen with other
that provide access to information related to work can increase their collaboration and productivity 9, since that mobile devices can access email and provide
rich consumerization of IT environments to improve workplace satisfaction 16 5. 7 Considerations Related to IT Consumerization
privately owned devices usage in the workplace must be defined and communi -cated to all staff within organization.
Social media has a huge impact on not only the work environment, but also on the society in general,
work environment. They want to have instant access to the types of applications that would help them to be more communicative in their personal life.
through their personal devices, would allow them to build conductive work rela -tionships that would result in better business performance.
places, 56%of employers do not allow access to non-work related resources or websites and 63%ban their employees from saving personal data and files on
example of the importance of social networking within work environments Yammer can enable companies to offer their employees functionalities that are
similar to Facebook and Twitter and at the same time to work in accordance to the security standards of the enterprise firewall and can be integrated with other
4 The case studies introduce some of the topics further discussed in Chap. 6 on Digital Work and
devices at the workplace, whether authorized or not 19. The hoped potential benefits of this strategy include increased flexibility, choice and a more engaged
project required significant nontechnical collaborated work with other stake -holders in the business to ensure the company was ready for a new way of
Digital Work and Collaboration Abstract The fast evolution of the Information systems (IS) during the last
work (CSCW) is concerned centrally with teamwork, learning, problem solving knowledge building, task accomplishment and other cognitive achievements by
digital collaboration, its importance for work environments and its types. Also it will explain the different digital collaboration tools
work collaboration Is supported Computer Cooperative Work (CSCW) 1, which V. Morabito, Trends and Challenges in Digital Business Innovation
114 6 Digital Work and Collaboration •Have people who are not in the same geographical location to work together on
116 6 Digital Work and Collaboration contexts in which COC can happen. Such cases result in various conceptualiza
118 6 Digital Work and Collaboration disagreed), agreed or strongly agreed with the idea that increased collaboration
cooperative work. Based on their features, they can help to find solutions for many harmful and inhibitive features
120 6 Digital Work and Collaboration systems is to improve group efficiency, and satisfaction. EMS supported meetings
as an advantage for those who work from home or other geographical locations. It also provides the advantage that the subject under investigation can be reached at
integrity and quality, standards that govern the way these systems work, user compatibility, and the way the workflow is configured pre in such software
122 6 Digital Work and Collaboration industries include accounting, food safety, medical device manufacturing Healthcare, and Information technology 4
work environment or workplace. Software products such as email, calendaring text chatting, wiki, and bookmarking belong to social software category.
The use of such software at the work place stimulates a Col -laborative Working environment (CWE) that supports individuals as well as those
who work as a team regardless of their geographical locations by providing them with the necessary equipment that aids communication, collaboration and the
members, Google Calendar for scheduling meeting at times that works for everyone with features such as reminders, Google Drive for storing, sharing and
among people in general and within work team members in particular. The ideal criteria that the collaboration tools have to meet are to foster collaboration,
124 6 Digital Work and Collaboration •storing and backing up any kind of file •immediate synchronization and sharing of files across computers and among
communities have also become a way for work collaboration among team mem -bers at the work environments, especially when they are located in different
geographical places in the global organizations. However, noteworthy socio -technical change may have arisen from the fast spread of such Internet-based
126 6 Digital Work and Collaboration 6. 4. 7 Crowdsourcing Hammon and Hippner 19 define Crowdsourcing as ††the act of outsourcing tasks
Dividing work into short and simple subtasks may be more suitable for some areas, while chunking work to avoid the switching costs of people choosing
another task to do could be more appropriate to some other markets. Therefore, it can be concluded that matching the format of the work to the characteristics of the
market could possibly lead to a faster outcome with better quality 22 In conclusion, Crowdsourcing is a powerful method to solve a variety of
128 6 Digital Work and Collaboration POINT OF ATTENTION: There are tasks that cannot be accomplished by
Moreover, despite the size of the work that needs to be accomplished, crowdsourcing provides an effective way of
Digital work and collab -oration is basically about using digital devices, open source data and cloud
associated with the adoption of the digital work and collaboration systems need to be well addressed in order to know how to utilize these systems in an optimal way
benefits and issues associated with digital work and collaboration. These case studies show many considerations that have to be well-thought-out before intro
Coop Work 22: 345†372. doi: 10.1007/s10606-013-9193-7 2. Grudin J (1994) Computer-supported cooperative work:
history and focus (Long beach Calif 27: 19†26 3. Kay R (2004) Roots of digital collaboration.
130 6 Digital Work and Collaboration 12. Nunamaker JF, Dennis AR, Valacich J, Vogel DR, George J (1991) Electronic meeting
systems to support group work. Commun ACM 34: 40†61 13. Schrire S (2004) Interaction and cognition in asynchronous computer conferencing.
Annu Work Econ Inf Secur (WEIS12 Berlin, DE, June 25†26 10. Anderson R How much does cybercrime cost?
communicate, and work, likewise. The developing of these technologies is rapid, thus mechanisms that can help to manage
and apply frameworks to their work environment 1 Also, the increasing use of ICT in different facets of human life is leading to
implement and apply IT governance frameworks to their work environment despite the prefigured potential benefits for the performance and profitability
endeavour because what works for one case does not necessarily work for another This means that different organizations may need a combination of different
4 See also for these topics the discussion about digital work and collaboration in Chap. 6
Work Pap IESE Bus Sch 3: 1†28 14. Hammer M (2004) Deep change: How operational innovation can transform your company
It works on the analysis of speech pattern, tone of voice, semantic analysis, body language, facial recognition. Cogito†s systems continuously collect
It works like a regular Visa card, both on-line and off-line, but it†s linked to a control system that allows to prevent
innovation practices we have found also a coverage of digital work and collab -oration (Mezzanine) as well as digital business identity (Tycoon) issues
this phenomenon has important consequences also for workplace habits and routines, due to the increasing relevance of another connected phenomenon
type of device to do their work, and this can be their own private personal one
††open††work practices, blurring the boundary between the inner and the outer
thus, effectively exploiting digital work and collaboration 3. Promote business agility, not only efficiency; thus, constructing dynamically
Collaborative working environment (CWE 123 Collective Intelligence, 68 Column-oriented databases, 6 Community cloud, 34 Community coordinator (CC), 118
Computer-supported cooperative work CSCW), 113 Computing interfaces, 194 Confidentiality, 28 Consumerization, 89, 90†92,95, 98,99, 102
5. 4. 1 Work from Your Phone 5. 4. 2 Bring Your Own Media Tablet
6 Digital Work and Collaboration Abstract 6. 1†Introduction 6. 2†Collaboration Types 6. 3†Cross-Organizational and Cross-Border IS/IT Collaboration
and for institutions to be prepared to reproduce highly innovative labour based on their own capacities. WIT through TSSG/Arclabs has started already the process of creating
and boundaries of the TSSG/Arclabs ecosystem of open innovation in order to reproduce highly innovative labour to support the sustainability of the South East as a vibrant, economically stable, innovative region
and get back to work, thus contributing to building Ireland†s future. In particular WIT has focused on providing such programmes in the areas of ICT, financial services and business information systems, lean manufacturing, e-Marketing, innovative technologies and entrepreneurship
educators and the youth must embrace the concept of job mobility, brain circulation and labour/skills circulation.
skill and labour is what is required to build regional wealth and sustainability Conclusion In conclusion there is a need for the development
Equally its†recognised expertise in innovative educational approaches such as multiple intelligence teaching and learning, work based learning and telehealth, assists local clinical services, both public and private,
The example of the School†s work with Rigney Dolphin is a case in point The Telehealth Research Group is a recent addition to the research family located within WIT.
Huggins (2003) underlines, in fact, that â€oetrue local and regional competitiveness occurs only when sustainable growth is achieved at labour rates that enhance overall standards of living. †(Source:
Thus, in the end, it is not sufficient to study both the regionalisation of innovative labour markets and the migration of such labour to Islands of Innovation,
and for institutions to be prepared to reproduce highly innovative labour based on their own capacities†(p. 27
generosity with their time, ideas and support for this work As part of its commitment to supporting European competitiveness
2014 and 2015, both by continuing to promote its work around innovation-driven entrepreneurship, and through a new research
and labour costs when starting or scaling a venture. A country-wise split of results is given in Figure 9. Perceived
Union (EU) now favouring work as an employee. Another is the prevailing attitude towards entrepreneurs, which, while
compromising their core fields of work Developing culture and organization Fostering a collaborative culture and
external work being seen as competition and a threat to one†s own organization should be
we need to work both on capability to absorb external input and willingness to realize opportunities. â€
Innocentive works with over 300,000 solvers from more than 200 countries, and has posted more than 1, 650 external challenges and thousands of internal challenges
work programme. The objective of the innovation actions is not to support clusters as such but to use clusters to better
and venture capital to SMES and will work in conjunction with Horizon 2020 In early 2013, the Commission launched a public consultation on how to foster the supply of long-term financing and to
cost of production and labour. †Key activities on an agenda to foster innovation-driven entrepreneurship in Europe:
Together, focusing stakeholders on what works at scale connecting actors and developing effective partnership approaches can lead to a more integrated innovation
leave the economic state of an entire country or region vulnerable to internal and external shocks
The Forum welcomes your input on the work described in this report, and your desire to be engaged in its upcoming
Work Package Leaders Stand up †Fostering an entrepreneurial mindset and culture across the continent Rajeeb Dey, Founder and Chief executive officer
We thank Hope Steele for her superb editing work and Neil Weinberg for his excellent graphic design and layout
economic context, this work is a critical reminder of the importance of sound structural economic fundamentals
in a parallel strand of work to analyze the drivers of competitiveness at the level of the city.
some of the main conclusions of this work In addition, in order to better place the discussion of competitiveness into a societal and environmental
The work carried out to date on these important aspects of human and economic development is described in
meritocracy at the workplace, and they must provide equity in the business environment between women and
incentives to work (141st; and the cost of the country†s public debt†which is close to 100 percent of GDP
work of Sala-i-Martã n and Artadi 2004 2 Schumpeter 1942; Solow 1956; and Swan 1956
seminal work of Solow (1957) provided a methodology to estimate the growth rate of productivity, known as
*7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work B. Efficient use of talent...50
This work aims to shape the agenda by catalyzing public-private platforms that help governments
competitiveness work. The Forum continues its efforts to build a more robust narrative of the concept of
benchmarking and sustainability work. The mechanisms through which growth-enhancing policies impact poverty and inequality are difficult to unravel, however.
can hamper the incentives to work, innovate, and excel. In order to be sustainable, a social protection
leave the poorest of the population unable to access basic necessities. On the other hand, widespread prosperity, which facilitates a high quality of life,
Labour Organization†s Decent Work initiative. 35 For the metrics of environmental sustainability, the main
is very much in line with the World Economic Forum†s work on sustainable competitiveness that, since The Global
decent work for all 7th pillar (labor market efficiency Goal 9: Promote sustainable infrastructure and industrialization and foster innovation
A workforce that is less integrated leaves workers more vulnerable to concerns related to job loss, old age, maternity, disability, or illness.
work in vulnerable jobs or in the informal economy and do not have access to social security.
In fact, competitiveness and sustainability can work in complementary ways and holistic policies can have a
Information about the Decent Work initiative is available at http //www. ilo. org/integration/themes/mdw/lang--en/index. htm
Asian Decent Work Decade Resource Kit: Competitiveness, Productivity and Jobs Available at http://www. ilo. org/asia/whatwedo/publications
15†24 without work but available for and seeking employment Sources: International labor organization, ILOSTAT database available at http://www. ilo. org/ilostat/faces/home/statisticaldata
operation of the establishment, in terms of the working time or other factors to be determined by national circumstances,
academia for empirical and policy work. For example Transparency International has been using the Survey data for the elaboration of their Corruption Perceptions
Poor work ethic in national labor force...8. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 4 Crime and theft...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...53 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...8. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 4 Crime and theft...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...53 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 5 Tax regulations...5. 1 Policy instability...4. 7
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...97 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 6 Crime and theft...3. 1 Foreign currency regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...41 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 3 Crime and theft...1. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...1. 9...144 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 4 Crime and theft...0. 5 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...94 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...9. 2 Policy instability...5. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...80 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 1 Corruption...0. 9 Inflation...0. 9 Crime and theft...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...121 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...4. 8 Tax regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...87 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 9 Policy instability...6. 5 Corruption...4. 3
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...6. 3...1 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 4 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...79 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...15.5 Access to financing...14.8 Tax rates...11.9 Restrictive labor regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...58 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 1 Belgium Belgium Advanced economies Stage of development
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 3...141 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 2 Policy instability...6. 8 Tax rates...5. 6
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...46 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 7 Tax regulations...2. 9 Policy instability...1. 9
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...76 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...18.5 Inadequately educated workforce...12.4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...11.1
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 6...14 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 8 Foreign currency regulations...0. 6 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 5...139 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 6 Tax rates...3. 6 Inflation...3. 6 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...91 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 8 Inflation...2. 2 Foreign currency regulations...1. 2
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...63 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 6 Poor public health...0. 1 Burundi Burundi Sub-saharan africa
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 7...133 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 1 Crime and theft...2. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 1...34 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...84 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 9 Policy instability...3. 5 Inflation...0. 9
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 3...23 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 4 Corruption...4. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...89 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 0 Government instability/coups...3. 0 Crime and theft...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 7...134 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 6 Poor public health...3. 1 Policy instability...1. 3
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...28 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 6 Crime and theft...1. 8 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...36 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 7 Government instability/coups...1. 6 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...122 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 7 Government instability/coups...0. 0 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...64 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 7 Foreign currency regulations...0. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...66 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 3 Crime and theft...2. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 2...142 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...0. 7 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 4...18 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 9 Crime and theft...3. 5 Government instability/coups...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...110 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 7...132 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 7 Tax regulations...4. 4 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...118 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 4 Crime and theft...4. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 0...117 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 9 Government instability/coups...0. 7 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...108 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...8. 2 Access to financing...8. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 3...24 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 0 Tax regulations...5. 9 Policy instability...4. 0
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...106 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 6 Corruption...0. 3 Crime and theft...0. 1
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...73 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 3 Foreign currency regulations...1. 3 Government instability/coups...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...125 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 1 Tax regulations...4. 1 Inflation...2. 7
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...25 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 1 Corruption...4. 1 Tax regulations...4. 0
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...77 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...9. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...8. 3 Policy instability...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 4...20 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 7 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...67 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...5. 2 Tax regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...38 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 6 Poor public health...0. 1 Crime and theft...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 5...138 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 9 Poor public health...1. 5 Tax rates...1. 5
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...55 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 0 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 9 Inflation...2. 8
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...57 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 0 Foreign currency regulations...2. 3 Policy instability...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...72 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 4 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...90 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 8 Government instability/coups...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...129 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 5 Foreign currency regulations...2. 5 Government instability/coups...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 9...5 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...128 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 9 Corruption...0. 8 Crime and theft...0. 0
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...99 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 7 Crime and theft...4. 6 Tax regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...45 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 3 Tax rates...5. 3 Government instability/coups...5. 2
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 1...31 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 0 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 5 Tax rates...2. 0
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...81 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 8 Corruption...0. 6 Crime and theft...0. 0
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...93 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...5. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...70 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 8 Inflation...0. 6 Inadequately educated workforce...0. 5
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...1. 9...143 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...8. 9 Access to financing...7. 6 Inflation...6. 7
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...102 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 1 Crime and theft...0. 6 Foreign currency regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...61 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 4 Government instability/coups...2. 8 Policy instability...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...95 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 4 Government instability/coups...2. 6 Policy instability...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...43 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 4 Inadequately educated workforce...1. 3 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...75 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 6 Corruption...4. 3 Tax rates...4. 2 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...113 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 3 Foreign currency regulations...2. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 3...7 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 6 Tax rates...4. 6 Inflation...4. 3 Tax regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...92 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...6. 5 Tax regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 1...32 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 7 Restrictive labor regulations...2. 6 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...103 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 1 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 7 Tax regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...51 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 5 Inefficient government bureaucracy...5. 6 Crime and theft...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...40 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 9 Foreign currency regulations...6. 1 Crime and theft...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...52 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 3 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...3. 0 Policy instability...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...124 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 2 Policy instability...1. 0 Corruption...0. 6
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 1...10 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...11.9 Inadequately educated workforce...10.9 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 6
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 4...19 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 4 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...111 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 5 Restrictive labor regulations...1. 3 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...100 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 8 Government instability/coups...5. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 1...8 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 3 Foreign currency regulations...3. 2 Tax rates...2. 5
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...96 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 5 Tax rates...5. 7 Tax regulations...3. 3
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...27 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...3. 4 Policy instability...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...126 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...8. 0 Restrictive labor regulations...7. 5 Corruption...7. 2
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 1...9 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 6 Inflation...1. 1 Foreign currency regulations...0. 4
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 0...116 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 5 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 3 Restrictive labor regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...123 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 6 Government instability/coups...4. 5 Tax regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...68 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...11.6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...10.2 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...65 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 2 Foreign currency regulations...3. 1 Policy instability...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...42 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 4 Tax rates...3. 2 Foreign currency regulations...2. 2
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...78 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 8 Tax rates...3. 3
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...56 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...10.9 Corruption...10.4 Inefficient government bureaucracy...9. 8 Tax rates...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...39 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 7 Inadequately educated workforce...4. 4 Tax regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...85 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...1. 5 Inflation...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 7...62 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 9 Tax regulations...4. 1 Inflation...1. 4
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 0...12 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 1 Poor public health...2. 3 Policy instability...2. 1
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...107 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 1 Crime and theft...2. 6 Tax regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 3...21 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 5 Policy instability...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...29 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...13.5 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...4. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 8...6 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 3 Crime and theft...5. 6 Tax rates...4. 7
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...82 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 9 Access to financing...6. 6 Crime and theft...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...35 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 4 Poor public health...2. 7 Tax regulations...2. 4
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 4...17 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 7 Government instability/coups...1. 1 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...104 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 1 Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. 1 Foreign currency regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...47 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 3 Poor public health...2. 0 Government instability/coups...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...88 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 1 Government instability/coups...0. 6 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...131 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 1 Inflation...2. 6 Crime and theft...2. 1
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...112 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 6 Tax rates...4. 1 Foreign currency regulations...2. 3
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...6. 3...2 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...0. 5 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 5...140 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 8 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...4. 6 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 0...115 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 5 Tax regulations...7. 2 Inflation...5. 3
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 5...16 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...5. 3 Tax rates...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 9...13 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 2 Inflation...3. 5 Crime and theft...2. 9
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...44 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 7 Inflation...3. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...3. 1
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 6...136 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...15.1 Inadequately educated workforce...11.3 Inefficient government bureaucracy...8. 0
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...48 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 0 Inflation...5. 7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...5. 4
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...54 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 6 Access to financing...5. 0 Tax rates...4. 7
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...6. 0...4 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...1. 8 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...119 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 9 Policy instability...4. 7 Government instability/coups...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 5...137 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...5. 2 Insufficient capacity to innovate...3. 0 Crime and theft...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 5...15 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...2. 5 Policy instability...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...130 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 0 Policy instability...6. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...50 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 0 Insufficient capacity to innovate...6. 7 Inflation...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 5...83 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 8 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 8 Tax regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...69 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 5 Foreign currency regulations...2. 7 Policy instability...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...30 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 2 Foreign currency regulations...2. 7 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...5. 1...11 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 3 Crime and theft...0. 2 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 9...49 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 4 Restrictive labor regulations...3. 3 Inadequately educated workforce...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...109 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 7 Crime and theft...2. 8 Insufficient capacity to innovate...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 2...105 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. 7 Access to financing...3. 4 Tax rates...2. 6
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...60 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...14.8 Corruption...14.2 Inefficient government bureaucracy...13.3 Inadequately educated workforce...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 8...59 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...17.9 Crime and theft...15.5 Access to financing...6. 8
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 3...22 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 4 Government instability/coups...5. 4 Tax regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...71 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 2 Poor public health...1. 0 Crime and theft...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...98 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 1 Tax regulations...3. 2 Crime and theft...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 6...74 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 6 Ukraine Ukraine Commonwealth of independent states Factor driven Efficiency driven
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 6...135 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. 0 Inefficient government bureaucracy...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...6. 2...3 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 1 Restrictive labor regulations...6. 1 Inflation...1. 4
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 1...33 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...7. 9 Inadequately educated workforce...7. 8 Policy instability...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 0...37 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...4. 9 Insufficient capacity to innovate...4. 7 Tax regulations...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 9...120 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...1. 5 Access to financing...0. 9 Tax rates...0. 7
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 1...114 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...6. 7 Inefficient government bureaucracy...5. 8 Inflation...5. 6
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 4...86 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...2. 5 Tax regulations...2. 5 Inflation...1. 4
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...2. 8...127 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...9. 1 Inadequate supply of infrastructure...8. 6 Inefficient government bureaucracy...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...4. 2...26 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
Poor work ethic in national labor force...0. 7 Crime and theft...0. 3 Poor public health...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...3. 3...101 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work...488 7. 06 Pay and productivity...
absenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues? 1=a serious impact; 7=no impact at all 2013†14 weighted average
absenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues? 1=a serious impact; 7=no impact at all 2013†14 weighted average
absenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues? 1=a serious impact; 7=no impact at all 2013†14 weighted average
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work In your country, to what extent do taxes reduce the incentive to work?
1=significantly reduce the incentive to work; 7=do not reduce incentive to work at all 2013†14
weighted average SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey. For more details, refer to Chapter 1. 3 of this Report
1=the best and brightest leave to pursue opportunities in other countries; 7=the best and brightest stay and pursue
medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism recruitment and training expenses, revenues? 1=a serious
medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism recruitment and training expenses, revenues? 1=a serious
medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism recruitment and training expenses, revenues? 1=a serious
7. 05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work In your country, to what extent do taxes reduce the incentive to
1=significantly reduce the incentive to work; 7=do not reduce incentive to work at all 2013†14 weighted average
brightest leave to pursue opportunities in other countries 7=the best and brightest stay and pursue opportunities in the
the team and works closely with the Forum†s media team in conveying the findings of the various competitiveness
He works on the development and computation of a range of indexes and on the analysis of data for the elaboration of various
She also works on the World Economic Forum†s Global Risks report. Prior to joining the Forum,
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011