Working conditions

Ergonomics (63)
Occupational safety (18)
Working conditions (26)
Working environment (29)
Workplace (245)

Synopsis: Employment & working conditions: Working conditions: Working conditions:

and maintain a positive workplace environment and to encourage cooperation among workers with differing backgrounds.

TOK 10 The way of thinking, methodology and working environment established at Sony CSL optimizes the efficient and effective use of computers by scientists in their efforts to understand the past,

Finally, Futur Centers can be defined as special working environments helping participants to break out patterns and routines, see issues from 10 http://cordis. europa. eu/project/rcn/80168 en. html. 11 http://www. fc-alliance. net. 146 The Innovation Biosphere multiple perspectives

and work there for a few days †and once they go back to their regular working environment,

†making the organization a more positive workplace. Employees that come to the FC are recharged with new energy;

provide a framework in which we bring the skills of the future into today†s workplace.

Partnership and Workplace Innovation 29 10 Competition and Better Regulation 31 Conclusion 33 Innovation in Ireland 2008 Innovation in Ireland 2008 1 Ireland is recognised internationally as a stable

and employers to increase levels of workplace learning and upskilling. Lifelong learning Education and training can no longer be seen as a phase that individuals go through before their career starts;

non formal, workplace and community settings, and is designed to ensure access, transfer and progression for learners.

provides a testing ground for new ways of integrating marginalised groups into the workplace and of upskilling those already in employment.

National Workplace Strategy Social partnership fosters innovative activities and practices to ensure the continuing transformation of the workplace in Ireland.

a National Workplace Strategy is a blueprint by the National Centre for Partnership and Performance (NCPP) aiming to transform Irish workplaces.

The Strategy takes a coherent and integrated approach to workplace development and focuses on actions to stimulate workplace change and innovation, within a social partnership environment.

The key message of the National Workplace Strategy is that the quality of Irish workplaces is critical to Ireland†s transition into an even more dynamic, highly skilled, innovative and knowledge-based economy.

In particular, the Strategy identifies the need for more organisational innovation and related improvements in workplace cultures to complement

and service ongoing innovation in products and processes. The future of work Partnership and Workplace Innovation Innovation in Ireland 2008 30 Workplace Innovation Fund The Workplace Innovation Fund helps companies build a stronger commitment to workplace innovation.

It is administered by Enterprise Ireland in collaboration with the NCPP and has three main strands: A public awareness campaign:

The National Centre for Partnership and Performance aims to bring the concept and practice of workplace innovation to a wider national audience.

Support for capacity building: This aims to enhance the capacity of the social partners to build a stronger commitment to workplace innovation and change.

Promotion of innovation at enterprise level: This focuses on companies who are seeking to leverage workplace innovation to improve their competitiveness and productivity.

The Workplace Innovation Fund is a unique opportunity for SMES to receive financial support for projects seeking to develop partnership and participation within the workplace leading to productivity improvements, improved performance and employee well-being.

This positive approach to the management of innovative change through partnership builds on over twenty years of experience that will equip Irish workplaces to deal with future challenges.

Innovation in Ireland 2008 31 Competition fuels innovation The pressure to be competitive drives innovation across the range of business practice;

The implementation of new organisational methods in firms†business practices, workplace organisation and external relations can have substantial impacts on firms†competitiveness

workplace organisation and marketing (OECD, 2010a, forthcoming. Another issue is that whereas technological innovation tends to be associated more with manufacturing,

or a new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization, or external relations. †4 Innovations can arise at many different points in the development process,

In an ever-changing technological world, children should be exposed to a broad range of ICT skills to understand their application in the workplace.

and to create the jobs and workplaces of tomorrow. From the GEDI pillar comparison on page 17

and adults in the acquisition of skills that are needed in the workplace is a key objective of this reform process.

financial assistance through Jobs Plus and a range of workplace support schemes to support employers who employ a person with a disability.

which is reducing the administrative burden of company registration and filing systems, the new Workplace Relations Commission, trusted partners for the issuing of work permits,

and/or at a minimum to adopt technologies in the workplace; and encouraging new technology†intensive and software start-ups that are focused on addressing the needs of the manufacturing sector.

The same study quotes earlier surveys such as the one conducted by the German Occupational safety and Health committee,

G#0v 4479 EMPLOYMENT & WORKING CONDITIONS G#1v 4480 Employment G#2v 4481 Employment 0#3#employment Employment

G#1v 4749 Working conditions G#2v 4750 Organisation of work G#3v 4751 Arrangement of working time G#4v 4752 Arrangement of working time

G#2v 4781 Working conditions G#3v 4782 Ergonomics G#4v 4783 Ergonomics 0#5#ergonomics Ergonomics

G#4v 4784 Humanisation of work 0#5#humanisation of work Humanisation of work 0#5#humanization of work Humanisation of work 0#5#improvement of working conditions Humanisation of work

0#5#job diversification Humanisation of work 0#5#job enrichment Humanisation of work 0#5#job expansion Humanisation of work 0#5#job rotation Humanisation of work

G#4v 4785 Occupational physiology 0#5#industrial physiology Occupational physiology 0#5#occupational physiology Occupational physiology G#4v 4786 Occupational psychology

G#5v 4787 Absenteeism 0#6#absenteeism Absenteeism G#5v 4788 Job satisfaction 0#6#job satisfaction Job satisfaction

G#5v 4789 Mental stress 0#6#mental stress Mental stress G#5v 4790 Occupational psychology 0#6#industrial psychology Occupational psychology

0#6#occupational psychology Occupational psychology G#3v 4791 Occupational safety G#4v 4792 Incapacity for work 0#5#incapacity for work Incapacity for work

G#4v 4793 Occupational accident 0#5#accident at the workplace Occupational accident 0#5#accident at work Occupational accident 0#5#occupational accident Occupational accident

G#4v 4794 Occupational safety 0#5#occupational safety Occupational safety G#4v 4795 Protective equipment 0#5#protective equipment Protective equipment

G#3v 4796 Working conditions 0#4#working conditions Working conditions G#3v 4797 Working environment 0#4#working environment Working environment

G#3v 4798 Workplace 0#4#workplace Workplace G#0v 12675 ENTREPRENEURSHIP G#1v 12711 Accelerator

0#2#accelerator Accelerator G#1v 12712 Build measure learn 0#2#build measure learn Build measure learn G#1v 12676 Business failure

0#2#business failure Business failure G#1v 12713 Business model 0#2#business model Business model G#1v 12714 Business plan

0#2#business plan Business plan G#1v 12677 Capital 0#2#capital Capital G#1v 12678 Competition

0#2#competition Competition G#1v 12715 Creative intelligence 0#2#creative intelligence Creative intelligence G#1v 12716 Crowdfunding

0#2#crowdfunding Crowdfunding G#1v 12679 Demand 0#2#demand Demand G#1v 12717 Design thinking

0#2#design thinking Design thinking G#1v 12680 Discontinuance 0#2#discontinuance Discontinuance G#1v 2339 Economics

G#2v 2340 Commodity 0#3#commodity Commodity G#2v 2341 Deflation 0#3#deflation Deflation

G#2v 2342 Disinflation 0#3#disinflation Disinflation G#2v 2343 Economics G#3v 2344 Economic activity

0#4#economic activity Economic activity G#3v 2345 Economic collapse 0#4#economic collapse Economic collapse 0#4#financial collapse Economic collapse

G#3v 2346 Economic crisis 0#4#economic crisis Economic crisis G#3v 2347 Economic downturn 0#4#economic downturn Economic downturn

G#3v 2348 Economic growth 0#4#economic growth Economic growth G#3v 2349 Economic policy 0#4#economic policy Economic policy

G#3v 2350 Economic stability 0#4#economic stability Economic stability G#3v 2351 Economic system 0#4#economic system Economic system

G#3v 2352 Economic theory 0#4#economic theory Economic theory G#3v 2353 Economic value 0#4#economic value Economic value

G#3v 2354 Economics 0#4#economics Economics G#2v 2355 Economy G#3v 2356 Dynamic economy

0#4#dynamic economy Dynamic economy G#3v 2357 Economy 0#4#economist Economy 0#4#economy Economy

G#3v 2358 Global economy 0#4#global economy Global economy G#3v 2359 Local economy 0#4#local economy Local economy

G#2v 2360 Fiscal policy 0#3#fiscal policy Fiscal policy G#2v 2361 Gross margin 0#3#gross margin Gross margin

G#2v 2362 Gross profit 0#3#gross profit Gross profit G#2v 2363 Inflation G#3v 2364 Inflation

0#4#inflation Inflation G#3v 2365 Inflation rate 0#4#inflation rate Inflation rate G#2v 2366 Liquidity

0#3#liquidity Liquidity G#2v 2367 Macroeconomics G#3v 2368 Capital account 0#4#capital account Capital account

0#4#financial account Capital account G#3v 2369 Macroeconomic 0#4#macroeconomic Macroeconomic G#3v 2370 Macroeconomics

0#4#macroeconomics Macroeconomics G#2v 2371 Marginal cost 0#3#marginal cost Marginal cost G#2v 2372 National income

0#3#national income National income G#2v 2373 Opportunity cost 0#3#opportunity cost Opportunity cost G#2v 2374 Reflation

0#3#reflation Reflation G#2v 2375 Shareholder 0#3#shareholder Shareholder 0#3#shareholding Shareholder

G#2v 2376 Stagflation 0#3#stagflation Stagflation G#2v 2377 Stakeholder 0#3#stakeholder Stakeholder

G#1v 12682 Elastic 0#2#elastic Elastic G#1v 12718 Elevator pitch 0#2#elevator pitch Elevator pitch

G#1v 12683 Enterprise 0#2#enterprise Enterprise G#1v 12684 Enterprise zones 0#2#enterprise zones Enterprise zones

G#1v 12685 Entrepreneurship 0#2#entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship G#1v 12686 Entrpreneur 0#2#entrpreneur Entrpreneur

G#2v 12699 Individual organization 0#3#individual organization Individual organization G#2v 12700 Ownership business 0#3#ownership business Ownership business

G#1v 12687 Environment 0#2#environment Environment G#1v 12688 Factors of production 0#2#factors of production Factors of production

G#2v 12701 Resources of land 0#3#resources of land Resources of land G#1v 12719 Failing forward 0#2#failing forward Failing forward

illnesses and not as a process accelerated by working conditions. Workers, family, and social environment had naturalized the high prevalence of deaths at relatively young ages

The potential for innovation in the workplace in terms of changing job types, how work is performed and organised,

in terms of pay levels, working conditions and workers†rights, especially in the context of economic globalisation x Low pay, minimum wage regulation in some countries and campaigns for a so-called

areas and packaging products. 13 There is also EUWIN (European Workplace Innovation Network 9 http://www. eurofound. europa. eu/areas/industrialrelations/dictionary definitions/selfemployedperson. htm

awareness about workplace innovation and its benefits. 14 Roles and impacts of ICT There is much agreement about some of the main impacts of ICT on employment.

14 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/policy/workplace-innovation/euwin/index en. htm 15 See Tepsie Deliverable D8. 1:

-ICT adapts workplaces to needs and capacities of workers with a mental illness, market basis (e g.

-700 sheltered workplaces in all Germany, 280,000 jobs CSE: Copen -hagen School of Entrepren -eurship

and automate workplaces to place people with a mental illness in a sheltered workplace such as the Aumã hle laundry.

This example uses databases, terminals RFID23 tags with barcodes or transponders on items of laundry,

physical workplace communities of workers. Mission Leben uses an ICT Internet of things e g RFID barcodes or transponders on all laundry items and equipment which digitally inter

comprehensive workplace and work process transformation to match the capacities and needs of people with a mental illness

700 sheltered workplaces and 280,000 jobs for people with a mental illness across Germany. For example, one workplace in Aumã hle includes inter alia a protected

27 laundry workplace and shows an increase in secure jobs to 55, plus 10 additional staff

team leaders and skilled employees), compared to former †normal†workplace x CSE: just over 100 start-ups create their own new businesses and jobs for unemployed

students, with an average of 4 people each including interns, about 55%are sustainable and about 20%are social enterprises

and adapted workplace in the former case and a dynamic, innovative and challenging workplace in

Leben case the workplace for people with a mental illness would not be commercially viable without ICT adapting it

example by making it possible to setup new business models and adapting workplaces to workers†special needs.

such as in the Mission Leben case where workplaces are adapted to suit the needs of people with a mental illness.

of wages, hours worked and working conditions if all the power concentrates on the employers†side. The creating and doing work cases illustrate a strong inclusion policy of

workplaces & work processes for vulnerable people for enabling vital online knowledge & experience sharing

and positive relationships between people from different backgrounds in the workplace, in education and within neighbourhoods to do things for themselves as †digital pioneers†with a

or in the physical world for safety, insurance, working conditions etc. However, in the two cases highlighted,

or family or improve working conditions for the health professionals. For instance, the APP Buddy is targeted towards two very important social innovation outcomes.

practice, often in the workplace but in principle in any context ii) Because Cops are traditionally local and characterised by a great deal of tacit knowledge, the

people jointly pursuing a shared practice, often in the workplace but in principle in any context.

A quality working environment and secure conditions of employment are key factors in persuading workers to commit to company

the institutional and working conditions of potential users which might influence the time available for participation;

The digital economy and digital workplace...12 1. Supporting and promoting the digitisation of industry...13

4. Reconfiguring the workplace in the digital world...15 5. Promoting the transition to renewable energy and green IT...

working environments are all becoming increasingly digi -tally networked. Digitisation also facilitates the provision of medical care, for example, by making x-rays and medi

The digital economy and digital workplace 13i I. THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DIGITAL WORKPLACE Ever greater volumes of data (so-called big data) are being

interconnected to build smart data, resulting in new products and smart services. Meanwhile, business pro

14 I I. THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DIGITAL WORKPLACE zz supporting smart home applications zz facilitating ICT-based support for (electro-)mobility

15i I. THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DIGITAL WORKPLACE We will improve the distribution and availability of mobile

4. Reconfiguring the workplace in the digital world The progressive digital transformation is creating new

16 I I. THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DIGITAL WORKPLACE family and working life on a partnership basis. To this end

-toral working environment and thus avoid future skills shortages. With this in mind, we are also promoting the

our living and working environments zz Under the Green IT initiative, we are focusing renewed efforts on reducing the federal administration†s ICT

the requirements of the digital working environment and the knowledge society. It must also enhance media literacy

4. Reconfiguring the workplace in the 5. Promoting the transition to renewab III. Innovative public administration

22 European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working conditions, Young People and NEETS in Europe:

European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working conditions (Eurofound. Young People and NEETS in Europe:

use, health and safety, working conditions, and equal treatment in the workplace. Opportunities to create shared value arise

because societal problems can create economic costs in the firm†s value chain. Many so-called externalities actually inflict

the institutional and working conditions of potential users which might influence the time available for participation;

8. Workplace innovation 44 9. Regional strategies 46 Part 3: Guidance on programming social innovation in the Structural Funds

business practices, workplace organisation or external relations 7http://hbr. org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value (Porter, Kramer,

8. Workplace innovation 9. Regional strategies 1. Social inclusion Large sections of the European population are excluded from the benefits of economic and social

fishermen to the workplace. Capitalising on their specific skills, they are employed in fisheries and other marine related activities.

and adapt the physical working conditions to make them accessible to people with disabilities. Employing injured or disabled fishermen, the Atelier

8. Workplace innovation Workplace Innovation focuses on how to improve aspects of work organisation and introduce

modern management techniques that involve workers. Workplaces with flatter hierarchies and possibility for workers to contribute are more creative and ultimately more productive and open to

addressing both social and technological challenges In The netherlands and Belgium, workplace innovation is called †Social Innovation†and has been

supported for over a decade by the Structural Funds. The approach as such is strongest in Northern

Workplace innovation concerns not only the private sector but also large parts of the social economy such as charities and foundations as well as the the public sector. Celebrated examples include

they integrate workplace innovation, social dialogue and support to the social economy as key elements. 79

others, in workplace innovation or administrative reform, the reorganisation of long-term care, the integration of Roma people, the prevention of early school leaving

by encouraging workplace innovation 5. Investing in new financing models for each stage of the innovation process and specifically for

3. 2. 4. Workplace innovation...41 3. 2. 5. Changes in governance...42 3. 3. Specific examples of actions from the field...

3. 3. 2. 5. Workplace Innovation Network...118 3. 3. 2. 6. Multi-stakeholder platform for corporate social responsibility...

3. 2. 4. Workplace innovation Workplace innovation focuses on how to improve aspects of work organisation and in

-troduce modern management techniques that involve workers. Workplaces with flatter hierarchies and the possibility for workers to contribute are more creative and ultimately

more productive and open to addressing both social and technological challenges. Work -place innovation concerns not only the private sector but also large parts of the social

In The netherlands and Belgium, workplace innovation is called †Social Innovation†and has been supported for over a decade by the Structural Funds.

In addition, the Industrial Policy flagship initiative emphasises workplace innovation which is an integral part of the broader concept of social innovation102 and on design as

through more workplace and entrepreneurial learning experiences and more possibilities for self employment Considering the very high level of youth unemployment as a consequence of the crisis

-ity of jobs and ensure better working conditions and improve the conditions for job creation. All these elements can apply to the development of social entrepreneurship

3. 3. 2. 5. Workplace Innovation Network Workplace innovation is a change in structure, human resources management, inter

-nal decision-making, relationships with clients or suppliers or work environment. It is a constant, reflexive process, grounded in continuing thinking,

improving staff motivation and working conditions, thereby enhancing labour productiv -ity, organisational performance, innovation capability, reactivity to market changes and

Workplace innovation can be found in all types of organisation, be they large corporates, SMES or even public administrations

The European commission has made workplace innovation a priority and therefore es -tablished the European Workplace Innovation Network (EUWIN) in April 2013.

EUWIN is a vehicle for sharing and distributing workplace innovation knowledge, experience and learning resources amongst enterprises and other stakeholders.

It is also a practical source of information about why and how to implement workplace innovation in an

organisation 3. 3. 2. 6. Multi-stakeholder platform for corporate social responsibility In October 2011 the European commission published a Communication on Corporate

3. 2. 4. Workplace innovation 3. 2. 5. Changes in governance 3. 3. ï¿Specific examples of actions from the field

3. 3. 2. 5. Workplace Innovation Network 3. 3. 2. 6. Multi-stakeholder platform for corporate social responsibility

A workplace should provide a clear and engaging insight into the work that goes on and culture that rests within the

and make their workplace into a working gallery or museum. They demonstrate much of their work

workplace. This involves a wide range of issues from the use of the web to the nature of technology and the design of distributed systems which

Examples include bans on smoking in workplaces in part of Europe, and on advertising billboards in SãO Paolo, Brazil

Workplace as Museum 75 Work Ventures 183 Working Rite 66-67,220 World bank 19,38, 89 Worldchanging 178

various structured and unstructured organisational settings, such as collaborative working environments composed of complex heterogeneous human and digital devices and systems.

first 30 days of the start of activities and the opening of the workplace Every autonomous community has its own form.

business or workplace in question) be filed along with the forms. Other forms and documents might be needed depending on the workplace

activities Agency: Direcciã n Gral Trabajo-Comunidad de Madrid 1 day simultaneous with previous procedure

Co-working environments, such as innovation centres, accelerators, incubators, and hacker spaces, have begun to proliferate. The MIT founded a precursor in 2002 called Fab Lab,

Co-working environments, such as innovation centres, accelerators, incubators, and hacker spaces, have begun to proliferate. The MIT founded a precursor in 2002 called Fab Lab,

workplace are a major impediment to growth in Europe Weaknesses in managerial skills and technology awareness, and the lack of an innovation culture

This requires greater improvements in workplace efficiency that are more difficult to achieve but also provide

Reorganising the workplace to adapt to new technology can involve anything from automating manual processes to overhauling product design

they deter companies from reorganising the workplace Policymakers and economists diverge, however, on the link between labour regulations and productivity

One targets the workplace, where public agencies can directly organise or support third-party initiatives to improve managerial and employee skills

the workplace. The organisations that will be most successful in harnessing ICT will train their staff not

impact on workplace productivity. It is therefore incumbent on executives to ensure, through training and other mechanisms, that their managers are fully

as well as the specific workplace factors that may complicate it, before a purchase is made ICT vendors carry a special burden of responsibility

workplace productivity lies with the executives and staff of European organisations, public and private sector alike.

Preparing for the Workplace of Tomorrow, Deloitte, 2009 Desmoulin-Canselier, Sonia, "What Exactly Is It All About?

and work trends, Knoll Workplace Research, 2009 OECD, Research and development: Going Global, Geneva, Switzerland: OECD 2008

Ouye, J. A.,Five Trends that Are Dramatically Changing Work and the Workplace, Knoll Workplace

the Improvement of Living and Working conditions, 2012 60 Vanneman, R, and A Dubey,"Horizontal and Vertical Inequalities in India paper presented at

or a new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization or external relations†(OECD, 2005.

or a new organizational method in business practices†workplace organization or external relations††takes place at these low-tech firms

trainees become more familiar with workplace practices, and the intermediary may act as an employment broker, introducing workers to prospective employers.

evaluate their performance in the workplace before hiring them. The Co-op Program is attributed with †putting knowledge on the streetsâ€,

reside in another country than the country of the workplace Industry Impacts and Market Potentials

 workplace  and  business  environment  design  •Industry- †specific

High job satisfaction The first thing to point out is that digital-ready CIOS appreciate the opportunity they hold:

with direct access to employers and the workplace. The initiative is aimed solely at the unemployed and grant funded at 100 percent to ensure that job seekers can participate at nil

Organizational Factors, †Ergonomics 40 (2), 851†871 Cooper, J. 1998. â€oea Multidimensional Approach to the Adoption of Innova

at the workplace Norway is ranked 15th this year, up by one place and showing progress in a number of areas

Attractiveness of working conditions for researchers compared with other employment opportunities; facilitated mobility of research and innovation personnel between the public and the

example through co-creation, workplace innovation or quadruple helix models including civil society), however, they require a considerable mentality change

microfinance,(e-)health and ageing, workplace innovation, co-creation, service innovation and social and/or green public procurement

enterprises, and organise a conference on workplace innovation in cooperation with the Flemish government. They are also coordinating the Social Innovation

Employees with internet access at their workplace...86 3. 9 Summary and conclusions of ICT and e-business deployment...

variables (like the percentage of employees with internet access at their workplace and analyse their main characteristics in terms of e-business adoption and results

Improvement of Living and Working conditions ICT for goods Tracking and tracing Route+load optimisation Delivery optimisation

workplace computer The first level includes a core system with the inventory management, the master data

workplace In this section we perform an advanced cluster analysis on the survey results using the percentage of employees that have internet access at their workplace as the main

clustering analysis. With this type of analysis we use the clustering data analysis technique to group the different transport

have internet access at their workplace. Then we try to assess statistical relationships between the different internet access and usage by employees at the work place clusters

that have internet access at their workplace Clusters Number of firms in each cluster Percentage of

workplace Percentage of firms having a LAN Percentage of firms having A w -LAN Percentage of firms

internet access at their workplace, in the low cluster the mean of percentage of employees that have internet access at their workplace is 9,

%the medium cluster has a mean of 44%of employees that have internet access at their workplace and the high

cluster 98%of employees that have internet access at their workplace Exhibit 3. 8-2 shows a clear correlation between the percentage of employees that have

internet access at their workplace clusters and the means of variables like percentage of firms having a LAN, A w-LAN and their on website.

Showing that the level of internet access among the employees (and the implied computer usage) is related to the LAN, W

workplace vs. LAN and W-LAN and company website usage variables (means of percentages of firms

%of employees with internet access at their workplace %of firms with a LAN %of firms with A w-LAN

workplace vs. company size groups (percentage of companies 32 53 54 44 35 25 20

workplace vs. Transport and Logistics sectors (percentage of companies 42 26 18 25 24 22

have internet access at their workplace is positive to improve the competitive position of the company in the transport and logistics sectors.

have internet access at their workplace also yields more relative probabilities of increasing the turnover (in the last financial year.

workplace vs. Increase or decrease in market share of companies in the last 12 months

workplace vs. Increase or decrease in turnover of companies in the last 12 months percentage of companies

firm and includes the share of employees with an internet access at their workplace internet connection capacity and the use of LAN, Intranet and Extranet

Living and Working conditions Shapiro, C and Varian, H r. 1999. Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy

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