telecommunications networks Catalonia 2020 Strategy 21 5. 6. Green economy The Catalan economy, like that of the rest of Europe, has taken up the challenge of
demand, such as personal care services, sustainability and multimedia content Promoting such emerging industries is essential
to mathematics. With regard to reading, the aim is to improve habits and skills amongst the school population in the conviction that these are a key requirement for school
promoting digital literacy and computer skills and increasing regular Internet use amongst the underprivileged 6. 1. 10.
knock-on effects focused on ICT (linked to Barcelona Mobile World Capital) and on sustainable mobility (electric vehicles, development of new businesses and economic
and establishing an open data system 6. 7. 1. Preventing legislation from having a negative effect on competitiveness
6. 7. 5. Introduction of open data In the evolution towards a network society, a new, relational model of innovation is
The Web and the social networks give products and services new functionalities, in terms both of management (saving on time
knowledge sharing, use of multimedia resources, storage, cloud computing, etc Interoperability between authorities and transparency are vital elements in open
public data to enable businesses and citizens to create products and generate wealth and value
7. 5. Introduction of open data 7. 6. Modernising and making it more flexible the Administration of Justice
6. 8. 6. Improving telecommunications and energy distribution infrastructure needed by businesses to compete globally
Providing latest-generation land and mobile telecommunications networks is also crucial to business competitiveness. Action taken by the Government in this area is
Neutral Internet Exchange Point (CATNIX Catalonia 2020 Strategy 43 6. 8. 7. Developing rural infrastructure
8. 6. Improving telecommunications and energy distribution infrastructure needed by businesses to compete globally 8. 7. Developing rural infrastructure
In just three decades, the internet has evolved from an experimental tool for researchers to a pervasive, omnipresent backbone for society and the economy.
network people, ideas and data across boundaries of any nature: geographical, cultural disciplinary, linguistic, social, economic
All of the most innovative ideas, from Skype to Wikipedia, from online cartography to app stores, had a very quick, viral spreading.
the confluence of social networks, knowledge networks and networks of things. It was a broad concept and was very far from the traditional approach to research funding
the internet I like to think that a book sprint is a very good example of how people can collaborate in
CAPS Stakeholders and End users 24 Synergies between Projects 28 Collective Awareness Platforms 31 4. Starting Out 46
FLOSS Manuals creates free documentation about free software. It is an online community of some 4-5 thousand volunteers creating manuals in over 30 languages
journalist and social media manager. Marta graduated in philosophy, studying contemporary aesthetics and politics in the urban context,
Coordinator of Scicafe 2. 0-the European Observatory for Crowdsourcing Dr. Anna De Liddo is Research Associate at the Knowledge Media Institute of The Open
Lara Schibelsky Godoy Piccolo is a human computer interaction researcher at the Knowledge Media Institute of The Open university.
She is a computer engineer and Phd candidate with an MA in Computer science at UNICAMP, Brazil.
Previously, she was Senior Researcher at CPQD in Brazil coordinating R&d projects related to the digital divide
6 Dr. Maurizio Teli has recently been appointed as Research Fellow at the Department of Information Engineering and Computer science of the University of Trento (Italy.
As a sociologist who has worked always in interdisciplinary environments, he focuses on commons-oriented technologies as a field for the interdisciplinary development of socio
'core activities †Stimulating the birth of new CAPS initiatives Based on their own interests, the reader of this publication can choose for themself a
social media, distributed knowledge creation and data from real environments "Internet of things")in order to create awareness of problems and possible solutions
requesting collective efforts, enabling new forms of social innovation The Collective Awareness Platforms are expected to support environmentally aware
collaboration of human and nonhuman actors we can think of data being gathered by engaging both citizens and sensors,
as it segregates internet users into small-scale groups that share professional and leisure interests. The understanding and transparency of
filtering mechanisms is probably the core element of awareness in CAPS initiatives Merging these two terms, the picture that emerges of collective awareness is one of
Web platforms are the locus on which the CAPS projects focus on enabling the dynamics of collective awareness construction.
it is a socio-technical solution that is composed of multiple ICT tools, such as websites forums, social networks, collaborative platforms, deliberating tools, data visualisation, etc
The first of the societal challenges the EC is focusing on with the action of CAPS
linked with the central role that citizen/user-engagement plays in the CAPS projects see chapter'Engaging Communities'.
web. Among others it is possible to mention Avaaz, which defines itself as'A global
web movement to bring people-powered politics to decision-making everywhere 'Laborvoices, which allows companies to get information about their suppliers in developing
Safecast, which†after the March 2011 earthquake in Japan†provided data about radiation by using a sensor network;
and Goteo, a Spanish social network for crowdfunding and distributed collaboration (services, infrastructures, micro-tasks and
explicitly addresses, according to the model of Wikipedia, the existence of different levels of contribution. For the general public the existence of CAPS initiatives can be a way
in this last case do we have the idea of a partial convergence of the agenda of users with
life situations of the groups of people the initiatives target as their user base, the same
the second level of the digital divide (not access to the internet, but rather the lack of skills to use it);
transparency and trustworthiness of promoters; the institutional and working conditions of potential users which might influence
the time available for participation; expectations of initiative sustainability; and last but not least the different languages spoken in Europe and around the world
of establishing a sufficient user base and bootstrap for the technology developed. In CAPS the approach is the other way around:
Another important area of analysis is related to data security, protection and data sharing in the use of online social networks and the value proposition and business models that
surround personal and sensitive data With reference to more action-oriented research questions we have, first of all, questions
related to how best to engage communities and citizens, especially those that are not already aware,
Moving from citizen engagement to the data that these citizens produce on the web intentionally or unintentionally, a main research question is how to make that data
reliable, trustworthy and meaningful? To this end CAPS projects study manners of visualising behavioural patterns and information diffusion, of supporting and
official and unofficial statistical data In addition, CAPS projects support existing communities by intensifying the analysis
user-generated knowledge, visualisation of digital (open) data, and copyright All such topics involve the understanding of collective forms of behaviour and of self
-regulation that promotes collective intelligence in decision-making, by strengthening the collective capabilities of problem solving, knowledge sharing,
including models questioning users'motivation, incentives for their participation, their growing reputation, and the relationship with distributed network effects.
of actual users. It is an effect similar to the ones identified by classical sociologists Gabriel
to looking at what is used already on the web and how it is successful, it is also necessary
as any online community can put in place different incentive systems for fostering users 'participation, not all necessarily linked to similar motivations
like the one of Wikipedia, that show reward mechanisms based on credibility, recognition and respect, that are not too different from the reward mechanisms of
and having responsibility in the community become part of the user's identity It is also possible to consider
online users provide their knowledge expecting other users to do the same. It is possible to see
Participation in work-related communities such as Linkedin groups and other professional networks can trigger different motivations.
example of such reflections has been Free and Open source Software, which has been in -vestigated from many theoretical viewpoints, from transaction costs (the theory that explains
The core component of the CAPS world is made up of research projects for Grassroots Experiments and Pilots,
†WEB-COSI: increases trust in collectively-generated statistics Moreover, the study on Digital Social Innovation in Europe (DSI) is dedicated to
†USEMP (User Empowerment for Enhanced Online Presence Management †P2pvalue: techno-social platform for sustainable models and value generation in
commons-based peer production in the future Internet 3. Overview of the First CAPS Projects 22 These two are funded under the FP7 Objective 1. 7 Future Internet Research
Experimentation (FIRE) of the 2013 Work Programme. Finally, CAPS are an important topic for internet science, a research domain dedicated to the understanding of techno
-social issues. In this field, the Network of Excellence in Internet Science (EINS), recently funded the FOCAL project (Foundation for Collective Awareness Platforms)
which will study CAPS projects with a special focus on trust, security and engagement issues The CAPS EC funded projects pool is indeed a network of networks, building from existing
Project Acronym Project Full Title Project Website DECARBONET A Decarbonisation Platform for Citizen Empowerment and Translating
the Future Internet http://www. p2pvalue. eu USEMP User Empowerment for Enhanced Online Presence Management www. usemp-project. eu
IA4SI Impact Assessment for Social Innovation http://ia4si. eu CHEST Collective enhanced Environment for Social Tasks http://www. chest-project. eu
WEB-COSI Web Communities for Statistics for Social Innovation www. webcosi. eu CAPS2020 CAPS2020 http://caps2020. eu
†Develop alternative collaborative approaches to problem solving (crowdsourcing crowdfunding, participatory design, collective intelligence, collective decisions
concrete is to define the targeted stakeholders and end users. This choice consequently defines the language, the engaging levers, the scale and the tools of a collective awareness
At the bottom line we find end users, the people who will ultimately be made aware and who will use the services
Stakeholders and End users'describes the typologies of stakeholders and end users addressed by CAPS projects to date
CAPS Stakeholders and End users †Stakeholders Stakeholders are organisations, categories of people or individuals who have an interest
This section treats stakeholders and end users separately. Even though end users are also project stakeholders, the distinction is that
end users use the project outputs directly, while stakeholders benefit from project outputs in an indirect way.
Stakeholders will be informed of the project's progress and can, to a certain extent, influence the development of the projects
†End users CAPS projects raise awareness among their users and mobilise different categories of users
Below is a list of possible users; the same person can of course belong to more than one
category. The list illustrates the diversity of topics and social issues touched by CAPS projects
†Software developers †CAPS projects †Citizens Of these, citizens are the most relevant users, also in quantitative terms.
They can be further described as follows †Citizens with disabilities and mobility impairments, elderly and their caregivers
Wikipedia †Users of online communities interested in knowing more about their data and in
defending their online rights †Students and citizens interested in statistics and in knowing more about GDP
CC RESEARCH GROUP ON INTERNET, POLICY AND COMMONS AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA-Barcelona, Spain †IMAGINATION FOR PEOPLE-France
†THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONSORTIUM FOR INFORMATICS AND MATHEMATICS-France †THE OPEN UNIVERSITY-Milton Keynes, UK
†THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD-Sheffield, UK †THE UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH-Zurich, Switzerland †THE WAAG SOCIETY-The netherlands
and meta-analysis. These projects are WEB-COSI CAPS2020, IA4SI and SCICAFE2. 0. These projects, by their very nature, are developing
WEB-COSI makes a Wiki of progress statistics available and fosters the use and improvement of quality of nonofficial statistics beyond GDP statistics
Ctizens'Say) integrated with crowdsourcing tools which can be used by all CAPS projects CAPS2020 involves all projects in the organisation and realisation of CAPS'annual
USEMP aims at empowering social network users with regards to the sharing of their personal data and its potential economic value.
The results of the project can be beneficial for many CAPS initiatives and will generate interesting synergies at the level of research
participation, and with WEB-COSI in terms of analytics and visualisations CHEST shows potential synergies could emerge with IA4SI, and from their
synergies with P2pvalue in terms of research activities on collaborative core technologies and with D-CENT with reference to XML-based activity streams and
potential users CAPS domain is interconnected also with other research groups within and outside the EC
for Internet Science, deserves to be mentioned 30 Figure 3 Synergies between CAPS Projects 31 Collective Awareness Platforms
could be used as a useful data source to identify the type of organisations, technologies and movements with which CAPS projects are already engaging
overview consists of a clustering of the funded CAPS projects under 14 emerging categories. The clustering is based on available public documents of CAPS projects and on
the knowledge available among the authors, who are also part of the CAPS community. It has to be noted that CAPS projects are still in the early stage of development, therefore a
This clustering considers the main 'innovations'produced by the projects. More comprehensive outputs of each project
Web 2. 0 social computing principles motivate the importance of placing useful, usable analytic tools in the hands of users themselves, balancing the traditional focus on †executive
information dashboards†serving the needs of only a few senior stakeholders. CAPS projects provide different types of social innovation analytics together with the visualisations needed
to make analytics usable and understandable by different end user communities. CAPS analytics and visualisations, for instance, include:
social network analytics and visualisations structure and dynamics of peer-to-peer networks, e g. the roles that people play in collective
& Deakin Crick, 2012†CATALYST project), analytics and visualisations on user behaviours DECARBONET project), and engagement analytics and visualisations for evaluating
CATALYST, DECARBONET, IA4SI, WEB-COSI projects Collective Assessment When many people coordinate each other through the use of digital technologies, one of
Such evaluation can be delegated to algorithms, like in the case of Google Pagerank, where search results are ordered according to different criteria such as relative
criteria on which ordering should take place, on the relative role of different users in rating
assessment of the information produced by the end users. The solutions previewed are many, like systems for polling
or the connection between personal data, economic value, and currencies (USEMP. Moreover, assessment of the CAPS projects themselves is key to
Crowdsourcing The widespread adoption of digital technologies have made it easier to reach out to larger groups of people with a high-level of knowledge of specific topics, e g. software
development capabilities, social innovation concepts, etc. The ability to reach out to highly skilled people who can contribute freely,
phenomenon crowdsourcing (Howe, 2006), or outsourcing to the crowd Such problem solving activities have a certain level of overlapping and theoretical
statistical data collections (WEB-COSI), and reputation and rating systems (WIKIRATE e-Democracy, e-Participation, Direct Democracy
use of the internet and mobile devices, these tools will serve to empower members of the
use the power and versatility of online maps and mobile devices for collectively gathering and sharing spatial information for improving accessibility for persons with limited mobility
condition with which to explore the potential of social media for tackling social challenges The issue of how to engage people with social innovation as users of the collective
awareness platforms must also be a target of CAPS'developments. Understanding the reasons why people use
and also gauged public and tangible feedback of engaging users with online discussions (Piccolo et al, 2014.
and like SCICAFE2. 0 allows users to track other users'engagement New Economic Models The transformation of societies and economies following the diffusion of digital
technologies, with increases in productivity, the redistribution of international divisions of labour, and the emergence of new professions,
or new valuation practices of personal data (USEMP Open) Data Integration Each social network has a different affordance for users.
Twitter, Facebook and other widely-adopted social systems format the content in different ways, suggesting to
users to attribute different meanings and ways of use. Integrating user-generated data from different media, analysing the content as well as user participation, and providing
insightful visualisations are some of the complex tasks related to data integration addressed by CAPS projects
D-CENT, WIKIRATE, and WEB-COSI are focused on open data integration by providing different standards, tools and methods for data federation.
DECARBONET and D-CENT work on the modelling of social media data for mining and presenting it in an aggregated
way. CATALYST, DECARBONET, and WIKIRATE are also together in that they aggregate data from different social media sources (such as Facebook, Twitter and emailing systems
Online Deliberation†From Group-Based to Large-scale Recent events have given evidence to the fact that communities can be created and
mobilised by engaging in online dialogues mediated by social media platforms, for example the Arab spring uprisings organised through Facebook,
or the use or Twitter for emergency response. Even though society seems to urge technologies to facilitate and
37 empower widespread collective deliberation, social media platforms, as well as the more targeted platforms for e-democracy,
provide unstructured conversations where data is not presented in a way that makes it easy for other people
(or machines) to make sense of (or extract) the rich social and technical knowledge, which is embedded in the dialogue.
The Theory of Scholarly Discourse (Gilbert and Mulkay 1984), dialogue mapping (Conklin 2006) and argumentation (Walton 2009, Walton and Reed 2009) suggest that by
structuring several forms of discourse, such as dialogue and debate, with specific models and tools, discourse can be used by groups to build shared understandings,
explore solutions to complex problems, and make better informed collective decisions CAPS projects aim to build on these theories and on the existing technologies for online
debate in order to design, develop and test new platforms for online deliberation in real communities. These consist of new tools for:
CBPP projects and initiatives, other projects, like SCICAFE2. 0, WEB-COSI, and WIKIRATE actually leverage some of the characteristics of this mode of production in delivering their
results, from statistical data (SCICAFE2. 0) to scientific themes (SCICAFE2. 0), and passing through knowledge on corporate social responsibility (WIKIRATE
and data quality discrimination WIKIRATE and WEB-COSI 38 Privacy-Aware Tools and Applications Privacy-aware systems have evolved over the last decade from privacy-enhancing
technologies (PETS) which were seen largely as an add-on capability or layer integrated with information systems as a design afterthought, to a new paradigm of privacy-by
-design as championed by the Information and Privacy Commission of Ontario, Canada www. privacybydesign. ca),
Personal data ecosystems (PDE) has recently been developed by the World Economic Forum and further elaborated by the Ontario Information and Privacy Commission and others.
internet governance, is a complex co-design challenge that can be supported strongly by CAPS. This can be done in providing the requisite participative engagement to discuss
internet governance issues worldwide Three CAPS projects, namely FOCAL, USEMP and D-CENT have included privacy-related
full control of their data, maintaining privacy and trust in the technology they use FOCAL is motivated by privacy concerns about the data and location of the end users that
contribute to CAPS. It is concerned thus with the analysis of privacy, reputation and trust in
social networks USEMP will build upon the notion of PDE and may in fact assume a personal data vault to
provide a secure environment for effective control over relevant data Social networking & Social media Enhancement The confluence of network-centric systems, mobile telecommunications, semantic web
and web 2. 0, as well as the emergence of the growth of networked media, in particular the
creative media industry and prosumers sharing media for entertainment, has contributed to a thriving ecosystem of online social networks (OSN) serving various business models and
personal interests for the citizens ranging from specialist interest groups to social meeting places. It is clear that this ecosystem should be exploited maximally to serve the European
citizen and economy by linking it to the Internet of things (Iot), sensor network and cloude services in order to support open online social media and distributed knowledge co
-creation thus maximising the network effect, using sharing to support social innovation The following CAPS projects support this vision as follows
39 †CAPS2020 liaises with all CAPS stakeholders, including organisations developing similar projects in other regions of the world.
It organises annual events which will be key milestones in the present CAPS booming period, supporting the CAPS community
and developers, is creating a distributed social networking platform for large-scale collaboration to solve social problems
†USEMP will develop a set of tools allowing users of online social networks greater control over the personal data they share within the network
while also providing them with tools to enable the use of their data by entities outside of the OSN, for example, in
the form of licensing agreements 1. Adhocracy http://trac. adhocracy. cc Adhocracy is a policy drafting tool for distributed
2. Assembl http://assembl. org Assembl is a web application that enables hundreds to thousands of people to work together with the goal of creating a single, tangible
and 64-bit versions for Windows, GNU/Linux-based OSES, and MAC OS X 4. Book Sprint http://booksprints-for-ict-research. eu Book Sprint is a collaborative
7. CKAN http://ckan. org CKAN is a powerful data management system that makes data accessible†by providing tools to streamline publishing, sharing, finding and
using data. CKAN is aimed at data publishers (national and regional governments companies and organisations) wanting to make their data open and available
8. Climate Quiz https://apps. facebook. com/climate-quiz A Facebook application in the tradition of â€oegames with a Purpose†for Measuring Environmental Knowledge
9. Cohere http://cohere. open. ac. uk Cohere is a visual tool to create, connect and
share ideas, and back them up with websites. By using Cohere people can support or challenge each other's ideas
and discover who†literally†connects with your thinking. Cohere demo movie: https://www. dropbox. com/s/qxzyun4fbitcbe6
/Cohere-Movie-Catalyst. m4v 10. Colorvote http://colorvote. com Poll system that enables one to detect ideasâ€
Crabgrass https://we. riseup. net Crabgrass is a software libre web application designed for group
Deliberatorium http://cci. mit. edu/klein/deliberatorium. html The Deliberatorium is designed a technology to help large numbers of people,
Democracyos http://democracyos. org Democracyos is a user friendly, open -source, vote and debate tool, crafted for parliaments, parties and decision-making
decentralised social network which puts users in control of their data security and was touted by the media as a'Facebook killer
'41 15. Edgeryders http://edgeryders. eu/page/home-mb-ano Edgeryders is a global community and boutique consulting company.
The community focus on social innovation, smart communities, resilient societies and economies, deploying ad hoc networks of citizen experts around client's needs
Elgg http://elgg. org Elgg is an award-winning social networking engine delivering the building blocks that enable businesses, schools, universities and
associations to create their own fully-featured social networks and applications 17. Evidence Hub http://evidence-hub. net The Evidence Hub is a collaborative
knowledge-building (specifically evidence-building) web platform. It was designed in KMI by the team developing the concept of'Contested Collective Intelligence',where
GEO Smart monitor devices http://www. greenenergyoptions. co. uk/products -and-services/products A set of In-Home Displays, smart plugs and web visualisation
of energy consumption 19. Global network on Sustainable Lifestyles http://vision2050. net The GNSL is a global platform of practitioners
and experts that come together around the joint commitment of enabling more sustainable lifestyles 20. GNUNET https://gnunet. org GNUNET is a framework for secure peer-to-peer
Groupmap http://app. groupmap. com. au An application that enables the user to have a visualisation in the form of a heuristic map
Esperanto, is a network of interconnected sites, where you can communicate, share collaborate with others
and create your web spaces easily 25. Libbitcoin http://libbitcoin. dyne. org Libbitcoin is a community of developers
software, powering internet platforms for proposition development and decision making 27. Loomio https://www. loomio. org/?
software for anyone, anywhere, to participate in decisions 28. Mailpile https://www. mailpile. is Free and open-source web mail client with user
-friendly encryption and privacy features 29. Media Watch for Climate Change http://www. ecoresearch. net/climate
It tracks the latest news and social media coverage on climate change and related issues. The dashboard provides interactive means to access this repository,
Metamaps http://metamaps. c/Metamaps. cc is a free and open-source web platform for changemakers, innovators, educators and students.
Anybody living in Rio de janeiro can log on to the website and denounce a problem and launch a campaign to fix it.
about crowdsourcing legislation, deliberative and participatory democracy and citizens initiatives. It is a nonprofit organisation based in Helsinki, Finland.
and maintain data about roads, trails, cafã s railway stations, and much more, all over the world
Pump. io http://pump. io Social server with an Activitystreams API 43 38. Pybossa http://pybossa. com Pybossa is a free, 100%open-source framework for
crowdsourcing. It enables you to create and run projects where volunteers help you with image classification, transcription, geocoding and more
Reddit http://www. reddit. com Social networking service and news website where registered community members can submit content, such as text posts or direct
Only registered users can then vote submissions'up 'or'down'to organise the posts and determine their position on the site's pages.
Content entries are organised by areas of interest called'subreddits '40. Rollstuhlrouting http://rollstuhlrouting. de Tool for tagging and navigating
Slashdot http://slashdot. org Slashdot is a website based on, and runs, the Slashdot-Like Automated Storytelling Homepage software
43. Status. Net http://status. net Free and open-source social software 44. Succeed Together http://www. succeedtogether. eu/en A company that is
creating a semantic engine which allows groups of 500 to 3000 people to answer questions qualitatively,
platform leveraging from the free software implementations of Bitcoin and Bittorrent protocols 47. Ushahidi http://ushahidi. com Nonprofit tech company that specialises in
developing free and open-source software for information collection, visualisation and interactive mapping 48. Utopia http://www. utopia. de German community platform to discuss sustainable
Utopia Docs http://getutopia. com Collaborative web annotation tool for PDF files 50. Wagn http://wagn. org Wagn is a Wiki Platform
Wikiprogress http://www. wikiprogress. org/index. php/Main page Wikiprogress is a global platform for sharing information in order to evaluate social, environmental and
Yeswiki http://yeswiki. net/wakka. php? wiki=Accueil Yeswiki is a software application made for creating
and managing your website, in a collaborative way Yeswiki is written Free Software in PHP language under the GPL licence,
used for creating and managing an internet or intranet website 54. Your Priorities https://www. yrpri. org/home/world Your Priorities is an
e-democracy web application designed by the nonprofit Citizens Foundation to help groups of people speak with one voice.
Your Priorities won the European e-democracy Awards in 2011 and numerous Icelandic awards for innovation and
participation 45 46 4. Starting Out 47 Societal Challenges Societal challenges are associated with problem situations
Global warming, implications of population ageing, the digital divide and security issues across the internet, are examples of problems experienced across nations, to a greater
or lesser extent, that are apparently beyond individual control, but that also impact local contexts and thus have to be resolved
The internet-based physical and digital ensemble, including the Internet of things, today can enable us to obtain the required measurements,
to perform semantic fusion of data that can make sense of the underlying causal processes of a problem situation (i e. the
models of the problem space), and to assess the extent and scope of the impacts of a
By converging cloud services, mobile telecommunication and Web 2. 0 technologies the collective awareness platforms will support wide spread participative engagement
Communities of interest are at the core of CAPS developments. These groups may be geographically bound to one location
a sense of trust between the users and researchers. Workshops, seminars, interviews surveys and online platforms are examples of strategies that can be applied to dialogue
an active and frequent user of this platform, but it also refers to leveraging this platform to
From the online perspective, Yates and Lalmas (2012) define'user engagement'as'the phenomena associated with wanting to use that application longer and frequently'.
on, for example, the number of people a user interacts with, the time a user spends using a
platform, and how frequently he/she is connected When targeting social change, engagement can be associated to the participation in
Empowering a user in this sense means tackling the lack of personal efficacy†i e. the belief that one's own actions will not make a difference
users must influence others, and social media boosts this process Engagement strategies must provide an incentive to self-report achievements and changes
users must feel empowered to transform acquired information into action, and to then generate and share more information among the social group
the potential of social media to reach a goal are not rare: the difference between'reach'and
a political one) using the web as a principal channel. Providing an adequate tool is definitely
The impact of gamification, competition collaborative work, public and even tangible feedback are examples of strategies that
innovative, for example, can be a powerful motivator, especially for a younger, internet savvy audience. The broad range of computer games and apps that appeal to the users of internet
devices are a valuable resource for understanding what motivates a large segment of the population. Social media channels and blogs are also very powerful tools for engaging
communities of interest over a longer period of time, and will play an important role in the
addressed is, on average, internet savvy or not. How familiar people are with technologies must be considered in designing engagement strategies and the participatory working
UI-REF stands for User-Intimate Integrative Requirements Elicitation and Usability Evaluation Framework (Badii, 2008.
action research, nested-video-assisted situation walkthrough, virtual user, and gaming enabled roleplay approaches to arrive at a high-resolution requirements elicitation,
The user experience related to the collective awareness tools are also important indicators, but they are not enough to express the
Integrating quantitative data with content analysis of self-reports is a possible way to evaluate,
a cumulative human impression that can be recalled by a user to indicate his/her pattern of relating to a particular solution
This means that as the patterns or causes of user dissatisfaction can be variable and
thus pointing to the precise causes of usability issues that a user has perceived, remembered and
The results of the data and evidence collected in such a way can be used to
methods and tools for analysing information systems, and Hall†s (1959) understanding of a societal culture
of collective awareness platforms as a technical divide can allow users and stakeholders to exert an influence on the other layers
9) exemplifies how user-generated information in different social media channels can be used by NGOS and policy makers to understand how specific topics, for example
engaging European citizens in a sign-in campaign centralised on the initiative web 69 †Outlook for the Future
The CAPS projects introduced in this book are the first projects to be funded under the CAPS programme and at the point of writing are still in their initial phase.
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