More information on the European union is available on the Internet (http://europa. eu Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
on the Internet (http://ec. europa. eu) or by sending a fax to+352 2929-42758
questionnaires (web-based or surveys) and personal interviews (face-to-face, telephone, or in working groups. A key feature brought in by these European union-sponsored exercises was the
introduction of external experts in this analytical phase The benefits of bringing in an external view to address sensitive issues such as redundancies and
technology infrastructures (broadband networks) and other telecom-and internet-related services are presented in the Digital Agenda Scoreboard. 21
website). ) For RIS3, foresight studies would ideally combine regional expertise with international expertise able to put regional assets in perspective with wider trends
dynamic web pages, including parts in English for wider dissemination; newsletters and leaflets to complete the information with traditional communication tools;
visiting the sites, marketing of the participants to the project; press conferences (various with different scenarios;
system with too many small sites doing the same things and where agglomeration externalities were dissipated
38 For further guidance, please look at Inforegio website -Monitoring and evaluation of European Cohesion policy †ERDF and Cohesion fund, Concepts
issue and is available at the website of the Platform 42 The European Cluster Excellence initiative aims at promoting cluster management excellence
/48 http://www. europe-innova. eu/web/guest/home 49 http://www. proinno-europe. eu
-European single site or distributed Research Infrastructures, and 61 A Regional Partner Facility (RPF) to a research Infrastructure of pan-European interest must
often have ambitions to host the site and/or to coordinate a large multidisciplinary infrastructure. They are involved almost exclusively through participation in the
computer networks linking research centres) and centres of competence in a specific technology, technology transfer In its proposal for the 2014-2020 Framework Programme for Research and
website of the Smart Specialisation Platform, 72 •University Business Forum: A platform to promote cooperation between
exploitation of the potential for innovation of fast and ultra fast internet and interoperable services and applications
DAE has set ambitious targets for high speed internet infrastructure across the Union (by 2020: 100%coverage of EU households at 30 Mbps minimum+50
%take-up subscriptions at 100 Mbps minimum) and for wide deployment and more effective use of digital technologies, applications and services
Successful delivery of this Agenda will enable Europe to deliver a better quality of life through, for example, better health care (ehealth Action Plan, Active and
affordable high speed internet infrastructure, are essential components of these ambitious goals Whether your region is struggling to provide medical and social care in times of
Europe is facing an investment challenge in the financing of high speed internet infrastructure because the benefits for society as a whole appear to be much
greater than the private incentives to invest in faster internet network infrastructures. The large amount of investment required to achieve ubiquitous
81 See EU Broadband good practice site: http://www. broadband-europe. eu/Pages/Home. aspx
generation networks (over 30 Mbps), assessing the most suitable investment models, 89 etc. This may take the form of a stand-alone'Broadband Plan'(most
complex systems engineering, next generation computing and future Internet einfrastructures; content technologies and information management; robotics
to support web entrepreneur camps, good practices exchange, peer review, studies, regular mapping of infrastructure monitoring and benchmarking, development, expertise;
Plan for high speed Internet Infrastructure (Next Generation Networks The Guide to Broadband Investment, presenting the various models for
telecom framework, State aid guidelines, etc. they can benefit from a wide range of EU funding instruments from the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) and from
the deployment of broadband and high speed internet infrastructure. The EBP provides assistance to regions to work through the different stages of the Guide to
in the national plans for high speed internet (national broadband plans) with a view to exploiting synergies
-European telecommunications networks. 92 91 EBP: http://www. broadband-europe. eu/Pages/Home. aspx 92 CEF guidelines:
pilot plants and demonstration sites, proof of concept and early stage financing incubation facilities, applied research, specific industrial and technology transfer capabilities and cluster
More information on the European union is available on the Internet (http://europa. eu Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
on the Internet (http://ec. europa. eu) or by sending a fax to+352 2929-42758
Innovative mobile e-government applications by SMES 4. 00 INSO-10-2015 SME business model innovation
All intellectual property rights pertinent to the materials, trainings, website and other actions developed by the helpdesk will be owned by the Commission
the internet and 4. National Intellectual Property Offices (NIPOS) would provide better IPR services to SMES
should take care of the joint website www. innovaccess. eu Upgraded or new services and trainings for the target group will be provided by the national
like the common website (innovaccess), and new IP generated is effectively managed and is available free of charge to the Commission and the
Social media and other web-based services challenge these existing approaches and ask for their revision The british †connect†platform is the first publicly financed innovation platform on the web
that creates a protected space for companies to display their competences, interest and skills to reach out to a large number of peers,
collaborations on web platforms and no profile of skills has been defined. Commercial offers by crowdsourcing platforms remain effectively unaffordable for SMES or face difficulties to
collaboration or social media platform. Tests of services shall be undertaken on platforms that are open and bring together already a critical mass of enterprises and innovation stakeholders
established as web-based self -or collaborative learning modules that are supported by case studies in the form of videos.
and develop the joint website For the evaluation of first-stage proposals under a two-stage submission
amounts is provided on the Enterprise Europe Network website (http://een. ec. europa. eu Timeframe: First quarter of 2014
integration of advanced IT and internet. Studies, for example published by the IMPÂ rove Academy show that companies with a broader understanding of innovation('hybrid
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion 1. Health, Demographic Change and Wellbeing
 F ot ol ia c om Research and Innovation Draw and play keeps Parkinson†s at bay
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion 2. Food security, Sustainable Agriculture, Marine
Maritime and Inland Water Research, and the Bioeconomy  F ot ol ia c om
The FOODRISC project focused on the role played by social media during a range of food crisis events has been
social media. Online communication has a vital role to play in ensuring food safety, a research priority of the Horizon
Project website: http://www. foodrisc. org /Contacts: http://tinyurl. com/nylssvk Improving biowaste treatment to produce higher quality products
Project website: http://tinyurl. com/kosrpbh Contacts: http://tinyurl. com/ats7gzj The Importance of Energy
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion 3. Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy
 F ot ol ia c om 3 The Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET Plan) was created in 2007 to establish an energy technology policy for Europe.
Project coordinator website: http://www. evobus. com /CHIC project PDF: http://tinyurl. com/a6ly93d Contacts:
Project website: http://tinyurl. com/nqlaues Contacts: http://tinyurl. com/pcpuo8s The Importance of Transport
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion 4. Smart, Green and Integrated Transport
 F ot ol ia c om Research and Innovation Vehicles without a driver in urban transport
Citymobil2 website: http://www. citymobil2. eu/en /Contacts: http://tiny. cc/k36r0w Citymobil Heathrow shuttle video:
Citymobil website: http://www. citymobil-project. eu /Contacts: http://tiny. cc/k36r0w Wifi for pilots
Project website: http://sandra. aero/2013 /Contacts: http://tiny. cc/ji7r0w The Importance of the Environment
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion Helping industry use water sustainably
With climate change and a growing population, the world faces intense pressure on its most precious
Project website: http://tinyurl. com/kpc6zkj Contacts: http://tinyurl. com/mojw3wk Intelligent waste sorting Intelligent and smart actions improving modern-day living are key to a better future and quality of life.
Project website: http://www. burbaproject. net /Contacts: http://tinyurl. com/mojw3wk 6. Inclusive, Innovative and Reflective Societies
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion Research and Innovation Towards a socio-ecological transition
What kind of growth path should Europe opt for in the face of the financial crisis and the big challenges ahead
Project website: http://www. foreurope. eu /Contacts: http://tinyurl. com/kdu52c6 Creating and adapting jobs in Europe
Project website: http://www. neujobs. eu /Contacts: http://tinyurl. com/n5hflhm The Importance of Security
of disasters and the use of social media in crisis management By the end of 2013, the EU will have financed over 250 security
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion About EU-funded research into cyber security
and online privacy The digital and online economy are central to the EU€ s economic
Web-based attacks in the EU and around the world increased by 36%during 2011;
affordable devices, such as smartphones and tablets. The Commissions is investing â 4. 4 million to support 12 different
Project website: http://www. tabularasa-euproject. org Localising bombs in urban areas Terrorist acts committed using Home Made Explosives (HME) pose an increasing threat to our citizens.
global infrastructures for positioning (GPS) and networking (GSM) the LOTUS system can be used more or less anywhere in the
integrated surveillance system for continuous chemical background monitoring with fixed site and/or mobile detectors to identify
Project website: http://tinyurl. com/lhcw52v Helping the heroes: New technology for search and rescue operations
Project website: http://www. sgl-eu. org Video: SGL for USAR in Euronews (futuris The chemistry of rescue:
Amy Christen, Cisco systems Tim Dubel, Microsoft Corporation James Farrar, SAP AG Marzyeh Ghassemi, Intel Corporation
Genelle King Heim, Cisco systems Jonas Moberg, Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative My Luu, IBM Corporation Diana Pallais, Microsoft Corporation
5. 1 Emerging Mobile Transactions Businesses 5. 1. 1 SMART Communications†SMART MONEY 5. 1. 2 Globe Telecom†S g-Cash
5. 1. 3 Vodafone and Safaricom†S m-PESA 5. 2 Microsoft†s Innovation Centers 5. 3 Microsoft†s Partnerships for Technology Access
an acronym for the firms providing â€oepost, telephone, and telegraph†services. Smile, if you wish;
Today, the sector includes hardware, software, the Internet, telephony, and content, application, and support service, provided by entities ranging from corporate giants to garage entrepreneurs to individual
telecommunications, and mobile telecommunications investment, in both developed and developing countries. 2 At the level of the firm, World bank surveys of approximately 50 developing countries suggest that
real-time access to market information and transaction capability through telephony and the Internet effectively increase competition, allowing consumers to maximize their incomes and driving reduction in prices over time
The Internet and mobile phones can give farmers, fishermen, and other local producers access to market information for multiple,
A mobile phone is no substitute for clear title to land, but a mobile phone with a camera can document that specific people
live in a particular place, and this can facilitate access to land title validation. We are also seeing water
mobile phone used to document and serve as proxy for legal status Political voice: Mobile phones, the Internet,
and text messaging are all now tools of knowledge acquisition and political empowerment Repressive governments are concerned deeply that these tools are in the hands of the disenfranchised,
as they are proving to be powerful means by which to organize, amplify, and transmit needs and demands, both domestically and internationally. 5
Mobile telecommunications took 20 years to reach one billion users, but only three years to reach two billion
â€oehp, Palm face off for smartphone SME market††Business News Americas, Mexico, August 28, 2007 â€oeibm pushes SME business locally††ITWEB, South africa, August 3, 2007
If the purchase in question is a physical product such as a computer or mobile phone, it must not only be affordable, reliable,
Google. Google†s users †made up of connectors, mavens, and salesmen, to use Gladwell†s typology †applied
Rather than threatening Google, this external activity has made its product more essential and the company
evolution of text messaging in the Philippines, where high demand and limited ability to pay generated a series
Customers began to use text messaging units as currency transferring minutes among themselves. In short order, many Filipinos were using the new currency to â€oepayâ€
for items or services totally unrelated to telecommunications, such as taxi fares. The thousands of small retailers
Both major carriers, Globe Telecom and SMART Communications, now offer a wide, and growing, range of formal â€oem-transactions†services
In mobile telecommunications, for example, one could say it was a business model rediscovery that set the
wheels in motion for the developing world, in the form of Grameen Telecom†s shared-access Village Phone
Iqbal Quadir, founder of Grameen Telecom, successfully reinvented shared access, with the added attribute of enabling entrepreneurship among village women.
-enterprises, Grameen Telecom introduced a pay-peruse system. This system reduced capital and maintenance costs and established the viability of non-subscription mobile services.
example in Vodacom†s phone shops in South africa or Ghana Telecom†s Areeba-to-Areeba stations and mobile
Other providers, including Globe Telecom and SMART Communications in the Philippines and Safaricom in Kenya, are now offering prepaid airtime
As research by Vodafone and others have shown, people are using mobile phones in a host of creative and resourceful ways. 31 This has accounted for much of the horizontal growth in
the market At the same time, however, mobile carriers are beginning to offer a range of formal services via cell phone
strengthening the value proposition of ownership. Most of these services currently fall into the mobile THE ROLE OF THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SECTOR in Expanding Economic Opportunity14
EO ICT GREY: Layout 1 14/3/08 15:13 Page 14 transactions or â€oem-transactions†category, including deposits and withdrawals, cash and airtime transfers
services. 32 The availability of these services not only encourages more people to buy phones, but can also help
While Globe Telecom in the Philippines has entered the m-transactions arena on its own, most providers are
example, network giant Cisco systems has 20,000 channel partners, from whom the company earns 90%of
Mobile telecommunications carriers are also finding a great deal of scope for local partnering in developing countries.
In Kenya, Vodafone and Safaricom†S m -PESA mobile transactions service operates through a network of 600 agents based in gas stations
ways we can make a difference. †Virgin Mobile and Virgin Money were launched in South africa in 2006 to offer simplified mobile phone
service and access to credit. Virgin Money is now exploring ways of offering banking and credit products in rural areas of the country. 47
Similarly, Google. org, the philanthropic arm of Google, is exploring approaches to economic development and poverty as one of three global
Information and communications technologies, including the Internet, can enable governments to deliver entitlements and public services with greater efficiency, transparency, and
particularly those spanning traditional industry sectors, such as telecommunications and finance, and those in the developing world †institutional harmonization and oversight are often weak
among telecommunications regulators and import/export commissions around tariff and non-tariff barriers to new technology imports, for instance, can hinder experimentation and dissemination of technologies
Harmonization between telecommunications and financial regulators will be key to enabling innovation and experimentation with business models that cross
traditional industry lines (such as providing financial services via mobile phone, or storing health information on data cards
Vodafone, Nokia, and Nokia Siemens Networks are making a start at this kind of collective effort, jointly
engaging in research, publication, and dialogue on the enabling environment for m-transactions. Their 21
and telecoms regulators to work together. 60 Similarly, infodev, an initiative of the World bank Group, draws on the experience of a wide range of private
or is happening now with GSM and CDMA. These are natural occurrences in environments of
spanning traditional industry sectors, such as telecommunications and finance, and those in the developing world †collaboration for effective, continuous standards-setting demands particular attention
5. 1 EMERGING MOBILE TRANSACTIONS BUSINESSES: SMART, GLOBE, AND M-PESA 26 5. 1. 1 SMART COMMUNICATIONS€ SMART MONEY 26
5. 1. 3 VODAFONE AND SAFARICOM€ S m-PESA 28 5. 2 MICROSOFT€ S INNOVATION CENTERS 29
Telecommunications carriers are beginning to offer financial transactions via mobile phone in a number of places in the
Telecom are national companies in the Philippines that entered (and largely created) the m-transactions market using a
Vodafone is a multinational company that entered the m-transactions business in Kenya with its local affiliate, Safaricom, using more of a business experiment approach
Both SMART and Vodafone/Safaricom have partnered with local commercial banks, whereas Globe provides m-transactions services on its own.
Micro-Payment Systems and their Applications to Mobile Networks. An infodev Report. WASHINGTON DC: The International Bank for reconstruction and development/The World bank
SMART Communications, a leading national mobile telecommunications carrier in the Philippines, launched SMART MONEY in December, 2000, with two primary objectives:
Customers†mobile phones are their primary means of access. For a cost of P220 a year, BDO will provide a Mastercard debit card as well
SMART Communications two primary revenue streams in SMART MONEY are text messaging charges and commissions on SMART Padala remittances.
5. 1 EMERGING MOBILE TRANSACTIONS BUSINESSES: SMART, GLOBE, AND M-PESA 26 THE ROLE OF THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SECTOR in Expanding Economic Opportunity
Micro-Payment Systems and their Applications to Mobile Networks. An infodev Report. WASHINGTON DC: The International Bank for reconstruction and development/The World bank
Globe Telecom, the other leading national mobile telecommunications carrier in the Philippines, launched its m
can also use their accounts to shop online via mobile phone Also like SMART MONEY, G-Cash enables customers to have their paychecks direct-deposited and receive
worked with the RBA to arrange microloans enabling some of its lowest-income customers to purchase phones
As of January 2006, Globe Telecom had 12 million subscribers, approximately one million of whom used G-Cash
Success factors cited include prior comfort levels with text messaging, unfulfilled demand for safe, reliable transactions services,
5. 1. 3 VODAFONE AND SAFARICOM€ S m-PESA Summarized from the comprehensive account of Hughes, Nick,
Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya. †Innovations: Technology Governance Globalization 2 (1/2): 63-81
After a two-year pilot, Vodafone and its Kenyan affiliate Safaricom (which has participation from Vodafone and
Kenya Telecom) formally launched their M-PESA mobile transactions service in March 2007. M-PESA is operated
but owned by Vodafone through a dedicated trust company M-PESA has its origins in Vodafone efforts to â€oeunderstand its role in addressing international development
issues like the Millennium Development Goals. †66 The company†s logic was that mobile phones could facilitate
access to finance, which could in turn facilitate entrepreneurial activity, thus generating wealth through jobs and
Vodafone rightly viewed this as a costly process for borrowers in terms of time away from productive business activity
as their businesses had already been built on the basis of rapid mobile phone expansion in Kenya †this was just the next step
M-PESA menus on their mobile phones, which are available in English and Swahili. Safaricom provides regular
Vodafone has identified a way into the international remittance market. Vodafone has established a central corporate team to drive replication in other markets
and is also adding additional services to the platform These results have exceeded far the company†s expectations †though according to Vodafone†s Nick Hughes and
Are electricity and Internet connectivity available and accessible 3. Relevance. Finally, and most critically, what is the value proposition to the citizen?
particular, small and medium enterprises lacking access to computers or the Internet were locked out of the
formal agreement to co-develop the website. IBM re-engineered the toolkit with innovative technology that made
Additionally, web 2. 0 technologies such as online forums and live chats were added to foster the development of communities.
•Online and offline training, including CDS and classroom courses delivered by partner organizations •Market, trade, customs,
•Free website design and management software •Downloadable business forms 5. 4 IFC AND IBM€ S SME TOOLKIT
offer content via mobile phone alert Building upon initial investment by IFC, IBM has invested nearly $2 million in rebuilding the SME Toolkit
In response, the partners plan to develop alternate means of access, such as mobile phones based on user feedback. 85
schools†computer networks, they were also able to leverage those skills in the job market after graduation
Cisco†s Networking Academy curriculum consists of Web-based instructor-led training; hands-on laboratory
In 2001, the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) joined the partnership, volunteering to offer the Networking Academy curriculum in its Internet Training centers
ITC) in developing countries Drivers Cisco†s primary motivations for the Networking Academy program are social or philanthropic:
and the Internet are great equalizers, opening up possibilities for both individual and societal advancement. 86 The LDC Initiative†s theory of change reflects this philosophy:
build and maintain an Internet infrastructure, the initiative partners expect to accelerate the LDCS€ progress
they are likely to purchase the Cisco systems with which they are familiar. 89 5. 5 CISCO NETWORKING ACADEMIES€ LEAST-DEVELOPED COUNTRY INITIATIVE
Academy Program in its Internet Training centers Results In its first year, the LDC Initiative reached 58 academies in 27 countries (including 7 non-LDCS in sub-Saharan
enabling companies such as Cisco, Intel, Google, Microsoft, and Visa to help shape policy environments that strengthen the
and reach agreements in the fields of Internet governance, financing mechanisms, and follow -up and implementation of the Geneva and Tunis documents. †110
and spearhead a network according to procedures outlined on GAID€ s website •Flagship Partnership Initiatives.
connectivity and access in Africa (led by the International Telecommunications Union, the World bank, and Intel), enhancing and scaling the telecenter movement (led by Microsoft, the International Development
technologies for persons with disabilities and free Internet accessibility for schools 5. 7 THE UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT
According to the Coe website, â€oethe inability to improve one†s living conditions or grow one†s
such as the Development Gateway Foundation, Global Knowledge Partnership, Google, Inter -American Development Bank, Peace corps, UN Foundation, US Agency for International Development, and World
of Telecoms on Economic growth in Developing Countries. †In Vodafone 2005. Africa: The Impact of Mobile phones.
Vodafone Moving the Debate Forward Policy Paper Series, No. 3. London: Vodafone 3. Khalil, Mohsen and Charles Kenny. n d. The next Decade of ICT
Development: Access, Applications and the Forces of Convergence WASHINGTON DC: The World bank Group. Page 7 4. WRI calls this the â€oebop Penaltyâ€;
see Hammond, Allen L.,William J Kramer, Robert S. Katz, Julia T. Tran, and Courtland Walker. 2007.
12. cellular-news. 2006.2.5 Billion Mobile phones In use. http://www. cellular -news. com/story/19223. php (accessed September 16, 2007
One Laptop Per Child. n d. One Laptop Per Child Website. http://laptop. org /accessed September 16, 2007
For more on the Grameen Phone model, see Sullivan, Nicholas. 2007. You Can Hear Me Now:
How Microloans and Cell Phone are Connecting the World†s Poor to the Global economy. San francisco:
See Vodafone. 2007. The Transformational Potential of M-Transactions Vodafone Moving the Debate Forward Policy Paper Series, No. 6. London
Vodafone. Also Vodafone. n d. â€oethe impact of mobile phones in the developing world. †http://www. vodafone. com/etc/medialib/attachments/cr downloads.
Par. 975 34. File. tmp/SIM PROJECT DOWNLOAD 3. pdf (accessed September 26 2007 32. Wishart, Neville A. 2006.
Micro-Payment Systems and their Applications to Mobile networks. An infodev Report. WASHINGTON DC: The International Bank for reconstruction and development/The World bank
33. Ibid ï¿End Notes 44 THE ROLE OF THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SECTOR in Expanding Economic Opportunity
Cisco systems. n d. Corporate Overview http://newsroom. cisco. com/dlls/company overview. html (accessed September 16, 2007 39.
Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya. †Innovations: Technology Governance Globalization 2 (1/2): 63-81.
Mobile phones Revolutionise Banking. Article dated May 23 http://www. wbcsd. org/plugins/Docsearch/details. asp? type=Docdet&object
Google. org. n d. Global Economic Development http://www. google. org/development. html (accessed September 21, 2007
49. Hammond et al 2007 50. United nations Development Programme (UNDP. Forthcoming. Growing Inclusive Markets: Business for Development and Development for
Mortimer-Schutts, Ivan. 2007. â€oethe regulatory implications of mobile and financial services convergence. †The Transformational Potential of M
Vodafone Moving the Debate Forward Policy Paper Series No. 6. London: Vodafone. See also Nokia. 2007.
Call for new regulatory framework to allow greater access to financial services via mobile phones in developing countries.
Press release dated July 4 http://www. csrwire. com/Pressreleaseprint. php? id=9100 (accessed July 12,2007 61. infodev. n d. infodev:
Information for Development Program http://www. infodev. org/en/index. html (accessed September 26, 2007 62.
Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya. †Innovations: Technology Governance Globalization 2 (1/2): 63-81.
Personal communication (telephone interview), August 3 71. Moore 1996, p. 12 72. Microsoft. n d. Local software economy case study:
Centers. http://download. microsoft. com/download/6/9/f/69f8c76b-198e -4114-9c12-f0b13e4d7e4e/innovation center. pdf (accessed May 15
Personal communication (telephone interview), August 21 77. Ibid 78. Microsoft 2007b 79. Pallais 2007 80. Microsoft 2007b
Study commissioned by Cisco systems, Cisco Learning Institute, the International Telecommunications Union, United Nations Development Programme,
and US Agency for International Development. http://www. itu. int/ITU-D/hrd/publications/reports/2007/itci/fr
http://www. cisco. com/web/learning/netacad/digital divide/ldc/Initiative. htm l (accessed September 21, 2007
Cisco systems Internal White paper 90. Christen, Amy, Vice president of Operations, Corporate Affairs, Cisco Systems. 2007. Personal communication (telephone interview), September
Cisco systems. n d. Gender Fact Sheet †Cisco Networking Academy Program, European and Emerging Markets 93.
Markets, Cisco systems. Personal communication (telephone interview September 4, 2007 98. GCR 2007 99. King Heim n d 100.90%of Cisco†s revenues come from these partners.
Cisco systems. n d Corporate Overview http://newsroom. cisco. com/dlls/company overview. html (accessed September 16, 2007 101.
Personal communication (telephone interview), August 16 108. Chatterjee 2007 109. International Telecommunications Union. n d. Basic Information:
About WSIS. http://www. itu. int/wsis/basic/about. html (accessed September 29 2007 110. Ibid
cellular-news. 2006.2.5 Billion Mobile phones In use. http://www. cellular -news. com/story/19223. php (accessed September 16, 2007
Cisco systems. n d. Corporate Overview http://newsroom. cisco. com/dlls/company overview. html (accessed September 16, 2007 Community Research and development Information Service (CORDIS.
Study commissioned by Cisco systems, Cisco Learning Institute, the International Telecommunications Union, United Nations Development Programme,
and US Agency for International Development. http://www. itu. int/ITU -D/hrd/publications/reports/2007/itci/fr-LDC IMPACT ASSESSMENT. pdf
Google. org. n d. Global Economic Development http://www. google. org/development. html (accessed September 21 2007
Hammond, Allen L.,William J. Kramer, Robert S. Katz, Julia T. Tran, and Courtland Walker. 2007.
Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya. †Innovations: Technology Governance Globalization 2 (1/2): 63-81
Le Gras, Gilbert. 2006. â€oeworld Bank, IBM draft Web tipsheet for small firms. †Reuters News, September 27
http://download. microsoft. com/download/6/9/f/69f8c76b-198e-4114 -9c12-f0b13e4d7e4e/innovation center. pdf (accessed May 15, 2007
A Resource for Activists using Mobile Technology Worldwide. http://www. mobileactive. org (accessed September 16,2007
Mortimer-Schutts, Ivan. 2007. â€oethe regulatory implications of mobile and financial services convergence. †The Transformational Potential of M
Vodafone Moving the Debate Forward Policy Paper Series No. 6. London: Vodafone Nweke, Remmy. 2007. â€oeceltel Targets N379bn Investment. †Daily Champion
Lagos, Nigeria, August 29 One Laptop Per Child. n d. One Laptop Per Child Website. http://laptop. org
/accessed September 16, 2007 Porter, Michael E. and Mark R. Kramer. 2006. â€oestrategy and Society: The Link
Vodafone. 2007. The Transformational Potential of M-Transactions. Vodafone Moving the Debate Forward Policy Paper Series, No. 6. London:
Vodafone Vodafone. 2005. Africa: The Impact of Mobile phones. Vodafone Moving the Debate Forward Policy Paper Series, No. 3. London:
Vodafone Waverman, Leonard, Meloria Meschi, and Melvyn Fuss. 2005. â€oethe Impact of Telecoms on Economic growth in Developing Countries. †In Vodafone
2005. Africa: The Impact of Mobile phones. Vodafone Moving the Debate Forward Policy Paper Series, No. 3. London:
Vodafone Wishart, Neville A. 2006. Micro-Payment Systems and their Applications to Mobile networks. An infodev Report.
WASHINGTON DC: The International Bank for reconstruction and development/The World bank World bank. 2007. Doing Business 2008: Comparing Regulation in 178
Economies. Overview. http://www. doingbusiness. org/documents/DB -2008-overview. pdf (accessed September 26, 2007 Xinhua News agency. 2007.
IBM expands footprints in India for more SMB clients. Xinhua News agency, September 6 EO ICT GREY:
Layout 1 14/3/08 15:13 Page 48 ï¿Publications in the CSR Initiative†s Economic Opportunity Series
2007 Expanding Economic Opportunity: The Role of Large Firms Beth Jenkins The Role of the Automotive Sector in Expanding Economic Opportunity
Forthcoming The Role of the Extractive Sector in Expanding Economic Opportunity Holly Wise and Sokol Shtylla
web site and blog about enterprise and development. As a principal analyst of household survey data and co-author for The next 4 Billion
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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