Fueling Innovation through Information Technology in SMES *by Clay Dibrell, Peter S. Davis, and Justin Craig
This paper describes a study that investigates the mediating effects of information technology (IT) on the relationships among product and process innovations and firm
performance (measured in multiple profitability and growth rate metrics. Using structural equation modeling on a sample of 397 small and medium-sized enterprises
SMES), we find evidence that (1) increases on the strategic emphasis placed on innovation, both product and process, positively impact the prominence managers
the Internet on a regular basis, and only a small fraction has access to broadband. On a more positive note, the
as mobile phones and the Internet Ghana is ranked 103rd this year, moving up by an impressive 11 places since last year on the back
the Internet and mobile telephony. In addition, the basic health of its workforce is also a serious concern;
available through a web-based repository (http://88.32.124.84/Supergreen /Login. aspx 20 C. Georgopoulou et al
related information (documents and websites) of 18 countries and regions in Europe The goal was to identify potential hurdles but also strengths for collaboration in the
 •Website www. energiesystemederzukunft. at/highlights/smartgrids/index en. htm Distribution Networkdistribution Network Demand Side Managementdemand Side Management
Internet of Energies  •Integrating grid operation and electronic marketplace  •Gaining knowhow on
telecommunications technology, installing MV reclosers with remote control and integration in existing SCADA and GIS DMS systems
country-specific and Smart Grids related information (documents and websites) of 16 countries and regions participating in the Smart Grids (SG) ERA-Net and the
documents and websites. Summarising, this Deliverable provides a sound basis for consecutive Tasks and Deliverables in the Smart Grids ERA-Net project and hence
-Net Smart Gridsâ â€oe (see ellipse in Figure 2) was to collect titles and websites of Smart
Smart Grids ERA-Net website: www. eranet-smartgrids. eu Within this Deliverable 4. 2. 1 the results of the collected documents and websites are
summarised to  â€oesmart Grids Country Fact Sheetsâ â€. On one hand the goal of this Deliverable is to get a fundamental overview about national/regional official
document titles, websites) in the questionnaire are explained Table 1 Summary of categories in the Country Fact Sheets
Websites: no single project websites-only websites with collected project information of your programm (es
Laws and rules that are the basis for R&d funding and/or that are the basis on wich the
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information Synopses books Scenarios Documents or Websites about National & regional
networks and platforms R&d-framework in general R&d-framework for energy research? if not R&d framework for research in smart grids?
On the other hand available information, websites and documents giving hints about the national/regional innovation policy (like e g. innovation agendas or roadmaps
as project databases and/or summarised project description on websites or in ï documents (like synopses brochures/books.
And finally, information (especially website) of existing national/regional platforms e g. Smart Grids technology platforms), networks or other co-operations was
region-specific information/documents/websites are presented and analysed ï 3 K ey re su lts
related documents and websites A starting point for the identification of possible/potential transnational Joint Activities
national research program website: www. edz. at. There, project synopsis books about several research projects conducted in energy-related fields for several years can be
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available Scenarios, Project Information & Platforms
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Scenarios Available -Project synopses"Decentralised Generation and Smart Grids"2003-2007
On the website of the National Energy Strategy process (as highlighted above several related documents about derived energy scenarios and potentials
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 8 Links to Austrian Smart Grids related documents
Energieforschungsstrategie (German) www. bmvit. gv. at/innovation/downloads/energieforschungsstrategie. pdf Energie 2050 (Energy Strategy Finding Process) www. e2050. at
Energiestrategie à sterreich (Energy Strategy Austria, Website in German) www. energiestrategie. at Energy Strategy Austria (Summary in ppt)( English
www. bmvit. gv. at/innovation/downloads/einfuehrungsplan elektromo bilitaet. pdf Energy Systems of Tomorrow: List and abstracts of Smart
website of EVE (Ente Vasco de la Energia) which is the Basque Government's energy agency.
EVE website as indicated by the links in Table 9 Table 9 National Official documents, Laws and Rules in the Basque Country
website Basque Countrynational Offcial Documents, Laws & Rules One strategic document related to the energy and so, also to the electricity branch is
data base with public access nor other documents/websites available about national and regional networks and platforms related to Smart Grids
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books-non Scenarios Available -Document of Capacities and Oportunities of the Basque Country (in
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms-non Basque Countryscenarios, Project Information& Platforms
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 12 Links to Smart Grids related documents in the Basque Country
EVE-The Basque Energy Board www. eve. es/web/Portada. aspx? lang=en-GB EVE publications (also English publications available) http://www. eve. es/web/Documentacion/publicaciones. aspx?
Page=0 Basic electricity legislation www. eve. es/web/Documentacion/Legislacion/Electricidad. aspx Basic legislation on renewables www. eve. es/web/Documentacion/Legislacion/Renovables. aspx
Basic legislation on energy efficiency www. eve. es/web/Documentacion/Legislacion/Eficiencia. aspx Energy Strategy of the Basque Country www. eve. es/web/Eve/files/f5/f56d9cdd-a9cd-4b54-b7e4-ab290348872c. pdf
Basque Contact Points (Technology platform) www. innobasque. com/home. aspx? tabid=593 ï 4. 3. Croatia
National official documents, laws and rules The Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia has been developed
under the umbrella of a much larger project of the Croatian Government entitled Croatia in the 21st Century.
All related documents are available on the website of the Croatian Energy Regulatory agency (www. hera. hr.
There are two websites available to gain information about ongoing or finished Croatian R&d projects. On one hand there is the website of the Croatian Smart Grids
Technology Platform (www. smartgrids. hr) where summarised project information of especially Smart Grids projects will be available soon
"Later-Websites with collected project information at the Smart Grids platform website (available soon Scenarios-Not yet available/terms are defined not
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available -National Smart Grids platform (www. smartgrids. hr
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Croatiascenarios, Project Information& Platforms For the purpose of the development and implementation of a Smart Grids concept in
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 16 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Croatia
Website with collected project information, active but documents about National network/platform www. smartgrids. hr/sg/smartgrids/projekti
websites as listed in Table 20. One out of three prioritised focus areas within the
detailed website called Energymap with projects and information of Smart Grids related projects (see link below.
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -Data base of Danish all energy R&d projects since 1981
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available -Windpower to combat climate changes
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 20 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Denmark
Information on research programs, projects and funding can be found at the websites of several Estonian Ministries (see Table 23 and Table 24) as well as on the website of
their institutions, e g. Enterprise Estonia (www. eas. ee), Archimedes Foundation www. archimedes. ee) and the Estonian Science Foundation (www. etf. ee.
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available Project, Programme and Funding information -Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communication (www. mkm. ee:
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms-Non Estoniascenarios, Project Information& Platforms
No documents or website about national or regional networks /platforms in the smart grids context exist
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 24 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Estonia
The general documents and websites of the R&d programmes (IBBT ICON, MIP) as regards submission requirements and procedure as well as development of projects
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -IWT SBO general feedback analysis (Flemish
example projects accessible on website Scenarios Available-Smart grids deployment plan for Flanders (2009 by SG plattform
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available -ODE Vlaanderen: Promotion of renewable energy (Flemish only
energy (website is in Flemish. Secondly, Generaties (www. generaties. net) is an industrial innovation platform for renewable energy technologies and accordingly
information on the website in Flemish. Finally, there is the already mentioned Flemish Smart Grids Platform (VSGP) which has published several documents
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 28 Links to Smart Grids related documents in the Flemish Region
MIP-Program website www. mipvlaanderen. be/nl/webpage/1/homepage. aspx Commission Energy 2030: Belgium energy
Flemish) www. iwt. be/downloads/algemeen/steun/sbo/SBO EFFECTMETING EINDVERSLAG 2007. pdf IBBT ICON project description on website www. ibbt. be/en/projects/overview-projects
MIP short project description available projects on website (Flemish) www. vito. be/VITO/NL/Homepageadmin/Home/kmo/kmosucces
/SME support programme: Partners/position of examplar projects shown on the map www. mipvlaanderen. be/maps/index. html
The roadmap is available on ADEMEÂ'†s website (see according link in Table 32
There are no project data bases or specific websites with project information available. But there is one document available drawing scenarios
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-not available Scenarios Available-Energy efficiency in the European union:
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available -DERBI competitiveness cluster -TENERRDIS, a competitiveness cluster covering all the  New Energy
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 32 Links to Smart Grids related documents in France
www. google. at/url? sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0cbsqfjaa&url=http%3a%2 F%2fwww2. ademe. fr%2fservlet%2fgetbin%3fname%3d91375dbf7a06a5
innovation policies, information society and telecommunications. The overall goal of the E-Energy Programme is  †Paving the way towards an Internet of Energyâ â€oe with
technical solutions for grid operation, new business models and electronic market places Table 34 R&d Framework, Programmes & Policy documents in Germany
-Innovation policy, information society, telecommunications. E-Energy Paving the way towards an Internet of Energy
R&d and Innovation policy, Innovation Agenda Technology Roadmaps Available -The German Roadmap E-Energy/Smart Grid
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -Internal workspace of the E-Energy Programme (accessible only for project
-"Internet der Energie"(Internet of Energy)- ICT for energy markets of the future. The energy economy on the way to the internet era
-dena-Netzstudie II (Grid Study: Integration of renewable energies in the German electricity supply system 2015-2020 with outlook for 2025
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available-Website of the E-Energy Programme (available in German and English
Scenarios, Project Information & Platforms Germany The website for the E-Energy Programme/Platform is:
www. e-energy. de List of links to German documents The following Table 36 lists all links to above mentioned Smart Grids related
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 36 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Germany
telecommunications. E-Energy: Paving the way towards an Internet of Energy www. e-energy. de/documents/BMWI BROSCH E ENERGYV4 E 26 6. pdf
The German Roadmap E-Energy/Smart Grid www. e-energy. de/documents/DKE ROADMAP SMARTGRID 230410 ENGLLISH. pdf Analysis and evaluation of standards and norms in
der Energie"(Internet of Energy)- ICT for energy markets of the future. www. e-energy. de/documents/BDI INTERNETDERENERGIE. pdf
dena-Netzstudie II (Grid Study) www. dena. de/fileadmin/user upload/Download/Dokumente/Studien umfragen/Endbericht dena-Netzstudie ii. PDF
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 39 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Greece
proposals are published on the related website: http://www. poienergia. it /Finally, the Italian regulator (Autoritã per l'Energia elettrica e il gas-AEEG) has
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -Information about'Ricerca di Sistema'projects (2000-present
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Later -Permanent Italian Smart Grids platform is under construction.
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 43 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Italy
Information about'Ricerca di Sistema'projects (2006-present) www. rse-web. it Activities carried out by ENEA www. enea. it/attivita ricerca/energia/ricerca sistema elettrico. html
The most relevant website as regards the R&d project data base is the Latvian Council of Science database containing detailed information about fundamental and
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-Latvian Council of Science database Scenarios Available
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available -Latvian Academy of Sciences (www. lza. lv
The two national programme websites of the Latvian Academy of Sciences and the Latvian Council of Sciences lead to more detailed information in the Latvian research
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 47 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Latvia
www. vvc. gov. lv/export/sites/default/docs/LRTA/MK NOTEIKUMI/Cab. Reg. N o. 262
Programme can be found on the Nordic Energy Research website, as noted in Table 50
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-Project information within research areas of Nordic Energy Research
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available-Norden-Official co-operation in the Nordic region:
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 50 Links to Smart Grids related documents in the Nordic Region
In Norway there is a web-based project archive of the RENERGI programme available. It contains all the projects from start of the programme in 2004.
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -Web-based project archive (RENERGI)( Norwegian
-Research programme organised by EBL (utilities'branch)( single English publications Scenarios Available-Foresight energy 2020+(connected to RENERGI
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available-The Norwegian Hydrogen Platform
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 54 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Norway
Web-based project archive of the RENERGI programme (Norwegian www. forskningsradet. no/servlet/Satellite? c=Page&cid=1226993846917&pagename=r
description of Smart Grids projects on the website of the National Technology Platform for the Electricity Networks.
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -Slovenian Current Research Information system-SICRIS -Links to English project descriptions on the website of the National
Technology Platform for the Electricity Networks Scenarios Available-Council on Competitiveness-Recommendations of development teams
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available -National Technology Platform for the Electricity Networks
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 58 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Slovenia
www. euskladi. si/publikacije/OP/2007-2013/download/OP-ROPI. pdf Rural Development Programme 2007-2013
one website with information about the Liberalization of the electricity market in Spain compare also the according links Table 62.
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available -Projects funded by CDTI (Centre for the Industrial Technology Development
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available -Futured: Spanish platform for electrical grids
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 62 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Spain
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-Energy research data base (SFOE)( Project descriptions partly in English
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available-Position paper smart grids
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 66 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Switzerland
Onderzoek Subsidieâ'†s (EOS) website. But project descriptions mainly are in Dutch Scenarios are available in chapter 1. 2  â€oebeelden van de elektriciteits
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-Project data base (access, but project descriptions in Dutch
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available -Netbeheer Nederland: Cooperation of the Dutch TSO and DSOS;"
test are available on the Agency NLÂ'†s website (see links below ï List of links to Dutch documents
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 70 Links to Smart Grids related documents in The netherlands
/Website of Agentschap NL on the area of smart grids intelligente netten) http://regelingen. agentschapnl. nl/content/intelligente-netten
Project Data bases, Websites with Project information, Synopses books Available-TUBITAK National Research Infrastructure Information Sytem;
Documents or Websites about National & regional networks and platforms Available-TEIAS-Turkish Electricty Transmission System Operator
documents (if available online) and other websites Table 74 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Turkey
Digital technologies and the Internet have transformed many areas of business †from Google and Amazon to Airbnb and Kickstarter.
Huge sums of public money have supported digital innovation in business, as well as in fields ranging from
These range from social networks for those living with chronic health conditions, to online platforms for citizen participation in policymaking, to using
networks †where they connect their devices, such as phones and Internet modems, to collectively share resources and solve
which was founded in 2000 as a response to the lack of broadband Internet in rural Catalonia
where commercial Internet providers weren†t providing a connection. The idea was to build a †mesh network†where each
person in the network used a small radio transmitter that functioned like a wireless router to become a node in the Guifi net
and provides Internet connection to those who would otherwise not be able to access it 6 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
The Internet is approximately 40 years old, and its capacity for generating societal and economic value is understood relatively well, yet its potential for solving large-scale
good, even though the web itself was founded at CERN to further a vision of scientific knowledge sharing.
the web†s incredible growth, the use of platforms like Facebook to serve social good has
therefore, exists at the heart of the Internet. Despite the existence of a technical networking layer that could spread power
impressive success stories in obtaining a global reach, in particular campaigning sites such as Avaaz and parts of the collaborative economy and the maker movement.
context of Future Internet in Europe EXPLORING DSI NETWORK EFFECT PART PART PART 4 5 6
Digital Social Innovation in the context of Future Internet in Europe 15growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
of the network effect of the Internet i e. that the benefit of a network and its
costs), as the Internet is increasingly the technical underpinning of the sociotechni -cal fabric of our societies
-ed by the Internet and 2) the level of online services built on top of these networks. Metcalfe†s Law,(i e. that the
like widespread smartphone usage For example, despite the Internet being a military-funded research project and the
web a scientific project at their inceptions the Internet and web were based on open standards and a radically decentralised
architecture that could be harnessed by any actor. So the Web was able to reach a
critical mass of connectivity so that both commercial entities (like Google) and noncommercial entities (like Wikipedia
were able to exploit the â€oenetwork effect. †Beyond the Internet, many new technol -ogies such as open hardware may have
positive network externalities. Â This network effect applies in a straight -forward manner for some services such
as social networking sites like Facebook and sites that require large user-bases like Wikipedia or Airbnb,
but it may not apply easily to some other services such as e -democracy platforms, caring networks and
local currencies. For each kind of social -ly innovative service, we want to de -termine how they can maximise their
impact using the infrastructure made available by the widespread usage of digital tools such as the Internet
There are many cases of DSI being spread throughout society and we attempt to define and cluster these in this report.
They include: the collaborative economy, local exchange and trading systems, digital currencies, and awareness networks
Digital Social Innovation in the context of Future Internet in Europe 16 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
mediated attention, the Internet forms a natural digital substrate for collective intelligence Looking forward, collective intelligence is
-ment, the Internet offers unprecedented opportunities for collective intelligence via its increasing ubiquity and the massive
to the Internet globally in the next ten years, whilst over twenty billion objects will be connected to the Internet, trans
-mitting data coming from people, sensors the environment and objects themselves However, we cannot expect the Internet
by itself to drive innovation to help citi -zens address major societal challenges If we observe the Internet during its early
phases when it was funded primarily by research and defense, its founding princi -ples, such as network neutrality, equita
web browsers to be implemented over dif -ferent underlying platforms, avoiding pro -prietary systems and vendor lock in on the
web. This was a hard and contested battle which turned out to be the best way to do
-etary social networks, big data providers implementations of the Internet of things is convenient for users but also â€oelocks us
-cess to social data held on third-party sites and permissions to get into proprietary †app stores. †The lack of standards forces
A main Internet trend-threat is recognised today: an increasing con -centration of power in services in the
of which are based in Europe (Google controlling nearly 82%of the global search market and 98%of the mobile search
market, Facebook dominating the social networking and identity ecosystem, while Apple, Amazon and Microsoft control the
Google has developed the open source Android operating system and spawned innovation in applica -tions worldwide; Facebook has enabled
the building of thousands of apps and helped people to connect and organise However, one danger is that firms cap
INTERNET IN EUROPE The world wide web became successful because it was built on a set of royalty-free open stand
by US companies such as IBM, Google and Ciscos, partly because of the lack of alternatives Take for example the commercial success
of Google: Google has built already one of the world†s largest networks of computers and data centres for online-search results
and can repurpose their technology in or -der to expand into other data-driven ser
The future of the Internet should remain pluralistic, so that there is space for DSI alongside commercial services in the
Digital social innovation could play a central role in the development of the Future Internet and
Free Content Blogs Social networks E-democracy PEOPLE SOCIETY COLLABORATION DISTRIBUTED BIG BROTHER Commercial services Entertainment (eg.
IPTV DRM-heavy apolitical INDIVIDUALISM BUSINESS COMPETITION CENTRALLY CONTROLLED Open and distributed digital ecosystems to foster grassroots social innovation
align the capacities of the Internet better to social needs and that decentralise power to citizens
A major risk for the Future Internet is the realisation of the †Big Brother†scenario, with big industrial
Internet ecosystem. Even more worrying, the latest NSA data-gate showed that intelligence agencies and governments have been engaging in mass
Delivering a web service, Network, Research project, Research project, Advocating and campaign -ing, Maker and hacker spaces, Investing and Funding, Event, Incubators and Accelerators, Advisory or expert body, Education And Training. 3 Technology
Nesta research documented how 25%of UK adults used Internet technologies to share assets and resources in 2013 †20146
create and share on the web. It achieves this through two primary activities, Ouishare. net and collaborative economy events.
In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born out of social innovation) has become an avenue for nine million people to gain access
Goteo is a social network for crowdfunding and distributed collaboration (services, infrastructure, micro tasks and other resources) for encouraging the independent development of
Openspending encourages transparency and accountability, whilst participatory web platforms such as Wikigender and Wikiprogress developed by the OECD facilitate
Openspending is a data sharing community and web application that aims to track every government and corporate financial
with the support of the Open Ministry to mobilise a minimum of 50,000 votes for the proposal, primarily through social media
D-CENT is developing a decentralised social networking platform for large-scale collaboration and decision-making and is piloting open source solutions across Europe engaging new political partices, citizen
and implement open social web standard standards, contributing to the W3c Federated Social Web Working group
32 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Safecast is both the name of a Geiger counter built by the open source community as well as a global sensor network where
Other projects are exploring the potential of federated social network -ing, such as D-CENT and Diaspora,
-serving decentralised infrastructure for the open Internet constituted by open standards open data, free and open software and open hardware
Important developments to re-decentralise the Internet, leveraging P2p open technolo -gies, are happening at many levels.
For instance distributed social networking projects such as Diaspora, Status. net or easy-to-run servers like arkos â€
and accessibility of the Internet infrastructure Many activities in this space are driven by grassroots networks, like Observe Hack
of the Internet infrastructure. It includes projects that are using bottom up privacy-preserving and
model for the Future Internet across Europe and beyond, where communities of citizens build, operate and own open IP-based networks, a key infrastructure for individual and
telecom companies or by local governments tend to follow a well-known centralised net -work architecture and operation model,
Internet networks have become a key infrastructure for the development of the digital economy due to the †democratisation†of the access technologies, reducing
social networks, p2p infrastructures OPEN NETWORKS 40 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe and experiment with services and protocols.
and obstacles regarding Internet specifications that are exposed by these edge networks The Guifi. net initiative is developing a free,
open and neutral, mostly wireless telecommunication community network. It started in Catalonia in 2004 and as of January 2012 it has more than 15,300 working nodes,
Guifi. net is connected to the Catalan Internet Exchange (CATNIX) as an autonomous system (AS) via optical fibre with IPV4 and IPV6
Guifi. net COMMUNITY NETWORKS The work by Tor on creating secure, privacy-aware and crypto tools that bounce Internet users†and websites†traffic
through †relays†run by thousands of volunteers around the world, making it extremely hard for anyone to identify the source
Smartphones, tablets, PDAS and other devices are becoming smaller faster, smarter, more networked and personal.
-vited programmers and developers to make apps and web services based on the data which to date have resulted in more than 60 applications for citizens.
and geo-tagging functions on their smartphones help the research project measure global levels of light pollution,
combine or turn into web -based or mobile applications that citizens may find useful. The movement for more and better open data has grown significantly
set up open data websites at the regional level that can be considered good practices and in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region, the city of Barcelona is leading Multicouncil
today use blogs, wikis, social networks and hundreds of other collaborative platforms to manage their daily lives,
Commons4eu, partners got together to explore the development of collaborative web projectsâ and bottom-up broadband technologies15.
-tidisciplinary research projects are the Network of Excellence on Internet Science EINS), that aims to integrate multidisciplinary scientific understanding of Internet
networks and their co-evolution with society, and the Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICS), promoted by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology
Internet of Thingst Open-source hardware consists of hardware whose blueprints are made publicly avail -able so that anyone can study,
equipped with sensors that capture data on air quality, temperature, noise, humidity and light. The board also contains a Wifi
anywhere/anytime access to the Internet, and to new services So-called Cyber Physical Systems (CPS),
-ing of embedded ICT systems both with one another and with the Internet, is giving rise to what has been named as Industry 4. 019
WEB SERVICE RESEARCH PROJECT EDUCATION AND TRAINING NETWORK ADVOCATING AND CAMPAIGNING EVENT INCUBATORS AND ACCELERATORS
part of a larger social network and have mapped this network in a way that has not been possible before
Social networks are defined formally as set of nodes (or network members) that are tied by one or more types of rela
the case of the DSI social network col -lected in this study, the nodes in a graph
social networks. However, it is a large sample and thus worth exploring in de -tail. The graph of the networks is given
Internet in order to accomplish innova -tion at scale by the network effect. We can define scale in terms of †scale-freeâ€
Digital Social Innovation website could introduce innovators to both other local innovators and innovators sharing similar
Social networks Diaspora Crowdsourcing Social web entrepreneurs Startup Europe Smart Cities Internet of things Innovation and innovation policy are not
new to the European union. Delivering on the Europe 2020 objectives of smart and inclusive growth depends on research
and innovation as key drivers of social and economic development and envi -ronmental sustainability. The European
the telecommunications regulatory en -vironment, modernising copyright rules simplifying rules for consumers making online and digital purchases, enhanc
Smart Cities, the Future Internet Public -Private Partnership Programme (FI-PPP and the European Cloud computing
The development of the Future Internet is addressed mainly through a number of technical projects, such as the FI PPP23
Social networks Diaspora Crowdsourcing Social web entrepreneurs Startup Europe Smart Cities Internet of things Bottom up and grassroots approaches
A counterpoint to the top-down strategy is the bottom-up, human-centred approach that is characterised by emergent forms of
community intelligence. Relevant bottom -up initiatives are the Collective Awareness Platform for Sustainability and Social
Innovation (CAPS), Web entrepreneurs young entrepreneurs in the field of active and healthy ageing, digital champions, in
-ture of social networks with a methodo -logical approach of foresights to engage stakeholders in the poliy making process
most social networks, Futurium participa -tory tools offer several features to sup -port collective foresight, such as scenario
social network Distributes and federated social networks based on open source code and open standards to promote open democracy
Internet needs to continue to be a neutral space where creativity can continue to flourish
decentralised social networking public identity management and encrypted email service The Internet ecosystem today is highly centralised The current
Internet is dominated by a handful of mainly US companies that control all the layers of the
ecosystem (app store, cloud machine learning, devices), and are imposing their rules of the game. Europe needs to invest in
future infrastructures that reflect the European values, support SMES and civic innovators and deliver public good.
the creation of the internet, the R&d fund -ing at CERN led to the invention of the
Web) Encourage people to think about Who could implement it (European Commission, national governments, mu -nicipal etc
we†ll email their pledge back to them af -ter six months (this keeps people on their
Magna carta for the Internet Enabling open infrastructures Innovation Labs Incubators & accelerators Knowledge sharing & networking
Magna carta for the Internet Enabling open infrastructures Innovation Labs Incubators & accelerators Knowledge sharing & networking
is supported the Google programme Google for Entrepreneurs36 that in 2011 created a campus where innovation and start-ups can meet
The Impact Hub of Vienna37 is a network of several cities across the world which, according to their websites,
The Internet is the best example of the power of interoperability. Its open architecture has given billions of
people around the world access to information, the possibility to add (web) content and services themselves, access to devices and modular applications that talk to one another
OPEN PLATFORMS Users of the Internet ecosystem include the independent application and service provid -ers who have the right to use the future Internet infrastructure (including both data in
a raw and processed form, as well as access to computing resources). Any privileged access provided to the owner/managers of the infrastructure would alter free competi
Currently the telecoms single market proposal has being reviewed by the Council member States) of the EU
Federated Social Web â€oedo-not-track†technologies should be implemented in order to give users control over their social data and sensitive information, to make it easier for businesses to
An important effort towards a federated identity system Is federated the W3c Social Web Working Group58 to develop
The federated web standards will also be implemented within the EC-funded D-CENT Project59 that is piloting federated social applications for participatory
Future Internet users must be able to come (no barriers to entry) and go (no barriers
A Magna carta for the Internet Tim Berners Lee, the inventor of the Web is advocating for a sort of Magna carta for the Internet to estabilish basic rights
and freedoms, to keep the Internet open, without surveillance and censorship, and to halt power abuses from Governments
and corporations. The Magna carta for the Internet goes along with recent UN General assembly (UNGA) resolution on The
Right to privacy in the Digital Age. 68. A Magna carta for all Web users could be directly crowd-sourced from the Web itself
engaging effectively in multi-stakeholder processes Distributed and open architectures Community and bottom-up networking 5. 3 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION SUPPORT
Community and bottom-up networking is an emerging mode of the Future Internet, where communities of citizens can
commercial telecom companies or by local public providers. As shown by the European project Confine and Bub for
and management systems, distributed secure Clouds, distributed search, and federated social networking It can also include the development of open source mobile phone alternatives such as Fairphone69 on top of which a whole
new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish, based on open-source and open-hardware developments
This should include the use of social networking platforms, independent media and other news applications. For instance, the elaboration of a newsletter or creating a DSI
strategy blog would be a helpful instrument to spread the message from the European Commission and to provide updated information about policy deployment
Wide Web Foundation81 illustrate examples of how this could be captured and measured. Another metric to focus on could
formerly nationalised telecommunications companies, as well as national research institutes and traditional universities. Building on existing schemes, such as innovation partnerships and PPPS with bigger telecommunications corporations, new schemes
could be created to provide financial support for large-scale DSI experiments across Europe. This could involve making it easier
As an example, the Fukushima prefecture in Japan hosts a map of the Safecast data on its website, and in
or consortia of these to compete with telecommunications corporations to for public contracts 3. Support the scaling of DSI, through reuse and repurposing of existing solutions, by encouraging (and where possible making
and future Internet infrastructures At regulatory level, The Digital agenda emphasises the need to adopt open standards and interoperable solutions to
Daniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundation Simona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledge
11 http://www. nesta. org. uk/sites/default /files/good incubation wv. pdf 1 Combinatorial innovation means
â€oedoes the Web Extend the Mind†available online at: http://www. ibiblio org/hhalpin/homepage/publications
/websci2013-halpin-web-extend-the-mind pdf and published as Harry Halpin â€oedoes the web extend the mind?
†Proceedings of the ACM Web Science Conference (2013): 139-147 3 Over-the-topâ is a general term for
service providers that develop services that are utilized over a network that is owned by traditional network operators
Big OTT are Google, Skype, Youtube Netflix, Facebook, Amazon and EBAY 4 Sestini, Fabrizio.``Collective awareness
platforms: Engines for sustainability and ethicsâ€.  Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE 31.4 (2012): 54-62
/sites/digital-agenda/files/IA4SI%20 %E2%80%93%20fact-sheet%20 v02. pdf Nesta and Young Foundation Discussion
/sites/default/files/event/attachments /Copy%20of%20generating social Innovation%20v4. pdf Innovation platform. Measurement for policy
Social network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press D. Watts and S. Strogatz (1998
/45 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki /Knowledge commons 46 http://bit. ly/1kivc4h 47 http://www. w3. org
standpoint, see the Communia website http://bit. ly/V2knnk 50 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki
/Reinventing innovation policy Policy Tools and Action 20 http://ec. europa. eu /information society/digital-agenda
/25 http://www. internet-of-things -research. eu 26 https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda
51 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki /Interfaz de programaci%C3%B3n de aplicaciones 52 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki
/Extensible markup language 53 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki /Resource description framework 54 http://linkeddata. org /55 http://www. w3. org/TR
/rdf-sparql-query /56 http://www. theopeninter. net /57 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki /Dataportability
58 http://www. w3. org/Social/WG 59 http://dcentproject. eu 60 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki
/Hypertext transfer protocol secure 61 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki /Red privada virtual 62 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki /End-to-end encryption
63 https://abc4trust. eu /64 http://www. ftc. gov/system/files /documents/reports/data-brokers
-call-transparency-accountability -report-federal-trade-commission-may -2014/140527databrokerreport. pdf 65 http://www. citizenme. com 66 http://openpds. media. mit. edu
/72 http://www. nesta. org. uk/sites/default /files/good incubation wv. pdf 29 http://www. citizens. is
/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/01/22 /brazil-let-its-citizens-make-decisions -97growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
/76 http://www. nominettrust. org. uk/sites /default/files/Nominet%20trust%20-%20 Triple%20helix%20overview%20paper
http://www. e-living. net/sites/default /files/field/image/internet-of-things-2. jpg
Page 35 Brendan Lea (2013) â€oeopen Data Institute Annual Summit 2013†online Flickr Open Data Institute Knowledge for
http://www. robotshop. com/blog /en/dfrobotshop-rover-or-arduino-on -tracks-3708 Accessed 29th january 2015
http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki /Arduino#mediaviewer/File: Arduino316 jpg Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 47
//budgetparticipatif. paris. fr/bp/jsp/site /Portal. jsp? document id=133&portlet id=100 Accessed 29th january 2015
com/2013/04/10/web-2-0-vs-web-3-0 -what-really-Is accessed-the-difference
http://do. minik. us/blog/oecd bli Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 85 online http://caps2020. eu Available
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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