if companies could give their relationship to digital transformation a Facebook status, it would be â€oeit†s
ï Social networks: platforms that allow the user to connect and interact with other people, based
ï Blogs/Forums: platforms that are owned by people, communities or businesses of any kind which
The difference between them and a website is that blogs & forums are generally build on free platforms
total European population is represented by active social network users 4 Global Web Index, Q2, 2014 (https://www. globalwebindex. net/)via wearesocial. net
There are notable differences in the geographical use of social networking and social media technologies amongst EU Member States;
while older people who use social networking sites are practically Page 58 of 170 the same as the percentage of Internet users.
https://www. quintly. com/blog/2013/02/facebook-country-stats-february-2013-top-10-countries-lose-users
information, communicating by means of the social networks, etc..The electronic commerce continues to increase significantly, even in the context of the actual economic crisis.
These range from social networks for those living with chronic health conditions, to online platforms for citizen participation in policymaking, to using
the web†s incredible growth, the use of platforms like Facebook to serve social good has
as social networking sites like Facebook and sites that require large user-bases like Wikipedia or Airbnb,
-etary social networks, big data providers implementations of the Internet of things is convenient for users but also â€oelocks us
market, Facebook dominating the social networking and identity ecosystem, while Apple, Amazon and Microsoft control the
Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps and helped people to connect and organise
Free Content Blogs Social networks E-democracy PEOPLE SOCIETY COLLABORATION DISTRIBUTED BIG BROTHER Commercial services Entertainment (eg.
IPTV DRM-heavy apolitical INDIVIDUALISM BUSINESS COMPETITION CENTRALLY CONTROLLED Open and distributed digital ecosystems to foster grassroots social innovation
Goteo is a social network for crowdfunding and distributed collaboration (services, infrastructure, micro tasks and other resources) for encouraging the independent development of
D-CENT is developing a decentralised social networking platform for large-scale collaboration and decision-making and is piloting open source solutions across Europe engaging new political partices, citizen
Other projects are exploring the potential of federated social network -ing, such as D-CENT and Diaspora,
For instance distributed social networking projects such as Diaspora, Status. net or easy-to-run servers like arkos â€
social networks, p2p infrastructures OPEN NETWORKS 40 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe and experiment with services and protocols.
today use blogs, wikis, social networks and hundreds of other collaborative platforms to manage their daily lives,
part of a larger social network and have mapped this network in a way that has not been possible before
Social networks are defined formally as set of nodes (or network members) that are tied by one or more types of rela
the case of the DSI social network col -lected in this study, the nodes in a graph
social networks. However, it is a large sample and thus worth exploring in de -tail. The graph of the networks is given
Social networks Diaspora Crowdsourcing Social web entrepreneurs Startup Europe Smart Cities Internet of things Innovation and innovation policy are not
Social networks Diaspora Crowdsourcing Social web entrepreneurs Startup Europe Smart Cities Internet of things Bottom up and grassroots approaches
-ture of social networks with a methodo -logical approach of foresights to engage stakeholders in the poliy making process
most social networks, Futurium participa -tory tools offer several features to sup -port collective foresight, such as scenario
social network Distributes and federated social networks based on open source code and open standards to promote open democracy
decentralised social networking public identity management and encrypted email service The Internet ecosystem today is highly centralised The current
and management systems, distributed secure Clouds, distributed search, and federated social networking It can also include the development of open source mobile phone alternatives such as Fairphone69 on top of which a whole
This should include the use of social networking platforms, independent media and other news applications. For instance, the elaboration of a newsletter or creating a DSI
strategy blog would be a helpful instrument to spread the message from the European Commission and to provide updated information about policy deployment
Netflix, Facebook, Amazon and EBAY 4 Sestini, Fabrizio.``Collective awareness platforms: Engines for sustainability and ethicsâ€.
Social network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press D. Watts and S. Strogatz (1998
/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/01/22 /brazil-let-its-citizens-make-decisions -97growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
http://www. robotshop. com/blog /en/dfrobotshop-rover-or-arduino-on -tracks-3708 Accessed 29th january 2015
http://do. minik. us/blog/oecd bli Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 85 online http://caps2020. eu Available
blogs, content analysis of artefacts, and so on, to investigate the nature and effects of the pedagogical
services. 11 Online retailing, online press, search engines, social networks, blogs, media streaming, online gambling and e-health are included in our analysis. The main focus
information, communicating via social networks, etc..Electronic commerce continues to grow substantially, even in the current economic crisis.
platforms, social networks and peer-2-peer services. This section provides an overview of the interpretations that have been given to the definition of activities listed in Articles 12 to 14 of
video sharing sites, social networks and search engines, favoured the inclusion of those activities within the"safe harbour"regime
Similarly fragmented case law exists in relation to blogs, discussion fora and social networks. For example •Usenet (a system in which users post messages to a newsgroup) was considered a
liability exemption for hosting to a blog owner, even for those parts posted by third
social network service Myspace was not offering a hosting activity and therefore 94 Paris Tribunal de Grande Instance (TGI), 26.10.2010;
social networks with the objective of ensuring the safety of minors online. 131 •On 4 may 2011 a representative group of right holders and internet platforms signed
http://ec. europa. eu/information society/activities/social networking/docs/sn principles. pdf 132 See: http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/iprenforcement/docs/memorandum 04052011 en. pdf
blogs) applies to several categories of illegal content •The Italian law on child pornography through the internet establishes a blocking
A similar case, on the compatibility of such a filtering obligation for a social network, is
Millions of citizens publish photos, blogs and text about families, friends and colleagues on social networks such as Netlog, Linkedin
and Facebook, often without being aware of privacy policies. The use and exchange of personal data have become essential factors in the online economy. 150 Professional players are
aggregating massive amounts of data for professional use, in particular for behavioural advertising. 151 In situations where hosting services are requested to take down illegal material
and commercial blogs offer content and services to consumers for free, earning revenue by selling advertising space on their sites to businesses
Directive also apply to new services such as the online social networks 183 See recently for example the Ker-Optika judgment, Case C-108/09
products, such as e-mail, social networks, music, films, e-books or e-learning services. Problems include incomplete or incomprehensible information, interrupted access to content and faulty products.
A similar case, on the compatibility of such a filtering obligation for a social network, is currently pending before the ECJ
growth of the Internet, through social networking, Web conferencing and instant messaging Collins (2006) proposes the key to successful innovation lies as much in the ability to
-ity and enable social networking among innovators and the communities they serve There is much that needs to be done to properly
a social networking site, or be an admixture of both There must be a leader who is much like a theat
S1. 1 Social networking 1 1 1 3 S2. 1 Communication 1 1 1 1 4
Webergence Blog Retrieved January 2011 http://www. cwe-projects. eu/pub /bscw. cgi/715404 8) Pallot, M.,Pawar, K. S. 2012.
Webergence Blog Retrieved December 2013 http://www cwe-projects. eu/pub/bscw. cgi/715404 14) Stã¥hlbrã st, A. 2008.
the creator of Twitter, was the first to develop a mobile device for banking activ -ities, launched in May 2010.
addition, the social networking capabilities enacted via the fourth pillar would enhance the likelihood and impact of knowledge serendipity and know
such as a celebratory blog (Arcâ tic Startâ up) and a valleyâ related name (Arctic Valley.
•http://know-hub. eu/blog/involving-enterprises -in-the-design-of-a-ris3-strategy. html
IBM, Nokia, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple show, the platform owner potentially gains sub -stantial advantages in terms of value creation and
Social network or crowdsourcing businesses reflect these new business models and a new philosophy where Internet is the nat ural environ
and blogs as part of an ongoing conversation and continuous recalibration of the national agenda The Strategic Agenda focuses on 12 topics: Edu
blogs, specialised discussion forums, technology news sites and through targeted advertising e g. Facebook and Google ads
•Public platforms: relevant European Commis -sion Portals, National and Regional Government sites •Indirect:
larger social networks to pitch an idea, they be -gin to create mindshare and market share within
capital from investors, using social networks and crowdfunding platforms to finance their businesses and projects. By doing so, individual entrepreneurs
Crowdsourcing Blog. Retrieved January 2 2013 6) Chesbrough, Henry William (1 march 2003. Open Innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting
10) http://bits. blogs. nytimes. com/2013/04/10/g-e -turns-to-the-crowd-for-help-in-creating-consumer
this respect is in fact the Facebook statement of rights and responsibilities As a customer, I may find it hard to accept every
-one is in the Facebook today, this is a binding ser -vice agreement nearly everyone has closed
Facebook is also using a choice of law†strategy using the California State law. You are welcome to
Data driven firms like Facebook, Amazon and Google, on the other hand, take the hacker way They run experiments †thousands upon thou
Facebook and value co -creation, Marketing Review, 10 (2), pp. 169-183 49. Mckinsey (2008.
site and blogs where recipes could be added and where people could learn inspirational ways to fry
risks, to enlarge its social networks, or to reduce costs Hoffman and Schlosser, 2001; Mohr and Spekman, 1994
risks, to enlarge its social networks, or to reduce costs Hoffman and Schlosser, 2001; Mohr and Spekman, 1994
site and blogs where recipes could be added and where people could learn inspirational ways to fry
Companies like Microsoft, Genetech, Google and Facebook not only grew rapidly but also stimu -28 For recent studies on the issue of determinants of firm growth see Moreno/Casillas (2008;
http://blogs. straitstimes. com/2010/8/29/national-day-rally-part-2 ï SPRING Singapore http://www. spring. gov. sg
Companies like Microsoft, Genetech, Google and Facebook not only grew rapidly but also stimu -28 For recent studies on the issue of determinants of firm growth see Moreno/Casillas (2008;
http://blogs. straitstimes. com/2010/8/29/national-day-rally-part-2 ï SPRING Singapore http://www. spring. gov. sg
Twitter:@@digiculteu &@ICTCREATIVITYEU 12 3d & Cultural Heritage
WARN-Count in xref table is 0 at offset 1871099 Europeana Newspapers Workshop Marieke Willems, LIBER
and develop use of Irish and Irish speaking social networks in the Gaeltacht and throughout the region.
Irish speaking social networks throughout the region. Planning Authorities should take cognisance of the need to preserve place names at local level through appropriate policies on naming streets and other developments
Supported by an online debate at http://blogs. ec. europa. eu/innovationunlimited /â€oewe propose to base EU action around
http://blogs. ec. europa. eu/innovationunlimited /3 Innovation has been a central EU priority over the
unlimited†at http://blogs. ec. europa. eu /innovationunlimited/./These discussions were an inspiration for us,
Innovation Unlimited forum, http://blogs. ec. europa. eu/innovationunlimited/,where citizens can co -create policy ideas
http://blogs. ec. europa. eu/innovationunlimited
Research and Innovation Strategy for the Smart Specialisation of Catalonia Contents Executive summary...3 1. Framework...
mobile apps and social networks apps, etc c) include measures in support of the regional capacity to plan,
security, software, gaming, social networking, digital media, digital content, e-learning; Creative and cultural enterprise Innovative Processes for
security, software, gaming, social networking, digital media, digital content, e-learning; Creative and cultural enterprise Innovative Processes for
•Actors were identified through †knowledge maps†(social network analyses of the Romanian RDI ecosystem based on data collected from projects, publications
competences assembled in a format styled †knowledge maps†(social network analyses with a visual and geographical (GIS) component
Existen iniciativas interesantes que testar, ampliar, evaluar como blogs propiciados por la administraciã n para difundir las
bondades del turismo regional (ej. http://www. turismocastillalamancha. com/blog/clubes Los diferentes agentes del sistema de I+D+i tienen un papel que desempeã ar en este impulso
Existen iniciativas interesantes que testar, ampliar, evaluar como blogs propiciados por la administraciã n para difundir las
http://www. turismocastillalamancha. com/blog/clubes-calidad /Los diferentes agentes del sistema de I+D+i tienen un papel que desempeã ar en este impulso
Existen iniciativas interesantes que testar, ampliar, evaluar como blogs propiciados por la administraciã n para difundir las
products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source
importance of social networks. Adragna and Lusardi (2008), on the other hand, single out gender and age as the key determinants of entrepreneurship;
Tolerance and access to social networks appear to be key factors in attracting skilled, entrepreneurial and career-minded people.
Social networks based on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are also gaining importance both as social innovation in themselves and as producers of social
interactivity with other social networks like Facebook and Twitter. Nonprofits can add the â€oedonate Now†box to their Facebook Fan Pages
The ammado donations widget is one of the platform†s latest features. The cutting-edge micro-donations software is a compact, vibrant space, the same size as an iphone screen
blog or social network profile that can accept embeddable HTML. It has a welcoming image which invites visitors to donate.
the site/blog In 2008, Edelman Goodpurpose released a study on â€oemutually beneficial marketing: Why
cultural tastes, aspirations and values were locked into local social networks or milieu of innovation. However, not all networks are creative and innovative.
Social networks have also been instrumental in creating new forms of local partnerships driving positive change.
but, importantly, that social networks and processes themselves are important resources to anticipate change and to make societies more cohesive and resilient.
social networking sites opened up vast opportunities for user-led innovation that ranges from political activism (the Arab spring,
Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management 1 Social network Enhanced Digital City Management and Innovation
Success: A Prototype Design Bih-Ru Lea Wen-Bin Yu Prashanth Kannan University of Missouri †Rolla
the advance of technology, social networks that play a fundamental role as a medium for the spread of
This study investigates how social network theories can be used to design and manage a web-based digital city that connects entrepreneurs to influential factors of innovation (e g.,
A social network can be defined as a set of people, organizations or other social entities, connected by a set of
Social networks provide participants with opportunities of finding social support, establishing new social or business contacts (Hogg & Adamic, 2004), starting collaboration (O†Murchu, et al.
With the advancements in communication technology, social networking model can be applied in developing a digital city.
Starting from the conception of building social network based web sites in 1999 the focus on this area has increased significantly
Although both digital cities and social networks could carry out major social and economic advancements (Ishida 2002a & 2002b), limited research exists to apply social network concepts to design
and construct a digital city to enhance innovation success. Therefore, the objective of this study is to apply theories from social network and
digital city in designing a web-based digital city as a means of connecting individuals to influential factors of
social networks and digital cities is provided followed by the research methodology. Subsequently, a case study is used to provide insights on designing
and managing a social network based digital city. This case study presents different means and designs to strengthen an individual†s social network,
to connect individuals to influential factors of innovation, and to obtain support needed during the innovation process.
Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management LITERATURE REVIEW Influential Factors of Innovation Success
Social networks It is believed that innovation success is correlated positively with the opportunity to mobilize and direct
and direct resources is a function of the strength of his/her social network Therefore, it is important for an individual to have a strong social network
in order to establish and maintain connectivity to resources needed for innovation success. Consequently, strengthening an individual†s social network
leads to higher probability for innovation success A social network is a graph of relationships and interactions within a group of individuals (often called
actors in social network literature) and plays a fundamental role as a medium for the spread of information, ideas
and influence among its members (Churchill et al. 2004; Wellman, 1997. Figure 4 is an illustration of relationships
in a social network. In the figure, elliptical items represent individuals in a social network. For ease of
understanding, only 3 levels of relationships have been depicted in the diagram and only individual 1 (ellipse 1) at
The social network starts at individual 1 who has a direct social relationship with individuals 2, 3 and 4 (depicted as ellipse 1 that is linked to ellipses 2, 3 and 4 by solid
A social network can exist if an individual has an acquaintance that can form a social relationship and take
are still part of a social network. Though there is a link, it is not strong. These types of links will be considered as
Just as individuals can link to each other through a social relationship and form a social network, network
and C are social network groups and ellipse 13 represents an individual who is not a part of any group.
and is part of this social network. Each social group has a set of individuals who have social links among them
membership in these two networks links the two social networks by forming a path between computer technology
A Social network Illustration 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A Social network Consisting Groups and Individuals The basic properties of social networks include size, density, degree, reachability (Hanneman, 2001), connectivity
Stocker, 2001), and multiplexity (Emirbayer & Goodwin, 1994). Size of the network is indexed by counting the
Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management 5 individuals who are work associates may also be linked by family ties, political affiliations, or club memberships
A social network provides a venue for storytelling or showcasing projects and best practices and could be leveraged
to create new knowledge resources as social networks also allow interpersonal relations to cut across boundaries i e.,
technology, social networks become flexible and can be sustained over distance and are hence helpful in maintaining
Benefits of having a strong social network include opportunities of finding social support, establishing new social
The construction of a digital city is built often upon social network concepts including common interests or shared
Therefore, a social network based digital city is more flexible (Ishida, 2002b), has more multidimensional means for dissemination activities (GÃ tzl et al.
efficient information integration than a traditional social network. Digital cities often apply technology to encourage public participation more effectively and efficiently than traditional forms of social network.
As a result, the network growth rate of digital cities is much higher than traditional social networks.
Without the physical boundaries, digital cities impart and enhance benefits of traditional social networks across time and space and
accelerate and globalize the networking process (Lea et al. 2006). ) Furthermore, a digital city can easily support and
maintain bigger networks more securely than conventional social networks RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLGY Successful innovation is an important factor for economic development.
Ishida, 2002a) and both digital cities and social networks could carry out major social and economic advancements (Ishida, 2002a;
However, limited research exists to address applying social network concepts to design and construct a digital city to support innovation process and, consequently,
innovation success. Therefore, the objective of this research is to address how social network theories can be used to
This study provides sample designs that apply social network concepts to promote and structure social interactions among the users of a digital city
The I3 is built a social network on an electronic medium to form a digital city that consists of an aggregation of
and maintaining a strong social network is time consuming and effort intensive, the objectives of the I3 project are to manage the network of users and resources in
and communities to participate in social network activities (e g. exchange of information, resources, or knowledge •Enabling users to learn best practices
collecting and correlating social network data (e g. degree, density, etc.)for innovation success •Providing a framework for timely communication and distribution of experiences, contextual information
that focus on the management of a social network based digital city is discussed in this study The ERD is segmented into four regions,
Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management Figure 6: Entity Relationship Diagram
Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management Figure 8: Sample of User Management Screen †User Profile
It is important to track social network evolution for every user at all times (Hanneman, 2001) as social interaction
user†s initial social network information is maintained by four entities including communication group, social group influential group,
and used to monitor changes in social network parameters and network evolution of users. The information
as shown in Figure 9. These social network measures are calculated dynamically and will change when new users are added to the system
Partial User Social network information Survey †Who Knows Who 10 Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management
Figure 10: Company Profile (Partial The conceptual design of resource management is operationalized as the resource management in the administrator
Therefore, having a strong social network is beneficial in finding social support, establishing new social or business
person-to-person social networking is laborious, time consuming, and often unfruitful and is not efficient or effective because of geographic distance, topical distance, concept communication, potential advantage recognition
Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management review all resources available that match the requester†s requirements and can direct the resource to the user (this
and key social network statistics, serves as a systematic mechanism to record and evaluate social network performance and knowledge,
and provides leverage to the administrator in making important managerial decisions Six types of reports in I3 are provided to track resource usage in the system.
Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management Figure 15: Graphical Representation of Region wide resource availability
Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management A as a User (user 1020 in this example)( b) As a System Administrator
Social networks and digital cities go hand in hand and can positively improve the probability of innovation success
I3) †based on social network concepts to enhance success of innovation through promoting and structuring social
improve his or her social network. Table 5. 1 summarizes the key functionalities implemented in I3 and its effect in
advancing Social networking and innovation Although major functions needed to establish and maintain one†s social network are in place, several essential
functions are yet to be developed to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed social network based
digital city prototype. Personalization and intelligent interaction between digital cities and their users based on user
Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management profiles are still challenges. Forums, chat rooms,
implementing social networks but analyzing the data and building a knowledge base would help build a stronger
Social network ing and forming influential circles through social interaction Questionnaire/Survey, Who Knows Who Data
Social network Analysis ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project is funded by National Science Foundation Award#0332378, Partnerships for Innovation Program, Dr
Digital Networks & Social networks, isociety Alex Macgillivray, New Economics Foundation Downey, J, . & Mcguigan, J. ed)( 1999).
â€oestudying Online Social networks, †The Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3 (1), http://www. ascusc. org/jcmc/vol3/issue1/garton. html
â€oeintroduction to Social network Methods, †University of California, Riverside Hiltz, H r, . & Wellman, B. 1997) â€oeasynchronous Learning Networks As A Virtual Classroom, †Communications
â€oeenhancing Reputation Mechanisms via Online Social networks, †Proceedings of the 5th ACM conference on Electronic commerce, EC€ 04 may 17†20, New york, New york, USA, ACM
Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management Igbaria, M. 1999. â€oethe Driving forces In The Virtual Society, †Communications of the ACM, December, 42,12
â€oeenhancing business networks using social network based virtual communities, †Industrial Management and Data systems, 106 (1), 121-138
â€oeconsensus and cohesion in simulated social networks, †Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 4, 4
â€oean electronic group is virtually a social network, †in Kiesler, S. Ed.)Culture of the internet
Social network Enhanced Digital City Management and Innovation Success: A Prototype Design Bih-Ru Lea is an Assistant professor of Business Administration at the University of Missouri at
Prashanth Kannan conducted research in the area of Social networking/Digital Cities and business innovations and received his MS degree in Computer sciences from University of
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