Synopsis: Ict: Communication systems: Telecommunication: Telecommunication:

    †Exploiting  the  Potential  of  Creative  Digital

 Telecommunications  Region  one  of  this  paper†s  authors

 Telecoms  8  http://techcitynews. com/2014/06/10/silicon- †roundabout- †tops- †uk- †startup-Â

 telecommunications  industry  formalised  by  a  limited  company  which

Anonymous, CIO, leading Chinese telecommunications company CIOS Subject matter experts See demographics for a full overview of the research methodology

revenue in IT †typically IT companies, telecommunications firms, banks and life sciences firms †ought to be ideally

telecommunications firms, media houses and, of course, technology firms themselves. Among these companies, there are some unsurprising names,

Telecommunications Banking Media and entertainment Other Pharmaceutical and biotechnology 16 %20 %7 %15 %20 %22

the two within telecommunications. Much progress remains to be made, but the IT sector is clearly doing

innovation, †remarks the CIO of a major telecommunications operator in China, who asked to remain anonymous. â€oei have 100

Anonymous, CIO, leading Chinese telecommunications company Why CIOS and CMOS must learn to love each other †not only at SAP

telecommunications operator. Most obviously, while CIOS often fail to realize the value of their company†s external clients to their

Anonymous, CIO, leading Chinese telecommunications company Darryl West, CIO, Barclays Group 32 Born to be digital

telecommunications firm explains how, having initially graduated in engineering, her career path involved her becoming the head of a

telecommunications sector, one in five of these leading CIOS hold a Phd on top of other qualifications

Swedish telecommunications firm Ericsson, had worked in consulting, at Mckinsey & Company. CIOS working in IT are more likely to have made such switches, but

in telecommunications, where 60%have taken up their current roles since 2010. Across the IT-intensive

telecommunications, online and e-commerce In addition to this survey, EY conducted an analysis of the career paths, education and background of over 100 leading

IT, telecommunications, life sciences and banking Demographics 39 Highest qualification 1 %15 %23 %9 %Management Phd in management or

%Telecommunication operators and services 8%Semiconductors and telecommunications equipment 7 %Transport and logistics Media and televison

4 %10 %Other E-commerce, internet and social media 6 %Cable operators and services 1 %Global annual turnover

Telecoms backbone x Broadband x Road network x Rail x Air services x Seaport x

Based on its excellent track record in telecommunications software and systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI

telecommunications networks and applications development Realising Potential The recently published Forfã¡s Action Plan for the games sector in Ireland contains

the world-enabled by telecoms and internet technologies †and presents opportunity for SMES and regionally based firms However,

The research centres in Telecommunications Software systems Group and Separation Science would be regarded particularly well. While

The Telecommunications Software systems Group TSSG) in WIT has been identified as a world class research facility, with the capability to

Telecommunications Software systems Group (TSSG Based at the WIT, the centre for Telecommunications Software and Systems Group (TSSG) is a

major source of research strength for the region and nationally. Its research focus is on the

dramatic changes occurring in the telecommunications software industry, and on the wider converged communications industry, particularly in managing networks and in developing

 Energy and Telecommunications  Education and Health care SOUTH EAST EMPLOYMENT ACTION PLAN †FORFà S

developing expertise in telecommunications and software development, and has a good base of medical devices companies

Based on its excellent track record in telecommunications software and systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI

telecommunications) †especially where Industrial Estates and Business Parks are located ï¿Initiatives to strengthen the competencies and qualifications of the workforce

telecommunications technology, installing MV reclosers with remote control and integration in existing SCADA and GIS DMS systems

innovation policies, information society and telecommunications. The overall goal of the E-Energy Programme is  †Paving the way towards an Internet of Energyâ â€oe with

-Innovation policy, information society, telecommunications. E-Energy Paving the way towards an Internet of Energy

telecommunications. E-Energy: Paving the way towards an Internet of Energy www. e-energy. de/documents/BMWI BROSCH E ENERGYV4 E 26 6. pdf

telecom companies or by local governments tend to follow a well-known centralised net -work architecture and operation model,

open and neutral, mostly wireless telecommunication community network. It started in Catalonia in 2004 and as of January 2012 it has more than 15,300 working nodes,

the telecommunications regulatory en -vironment, modernising copyright rules simplifying rules for consumers making online and digital purchases, enhanc

Currently the telecoms single market proposal has being reviewed by the Council member States) of the EU

commercial telecom companies or by local public providers. As shown by the European project Confine and Bub for

formerly nationalised telecommunications companies, as well as national research institutes and traditional universities. Building on existing schemes, such as innovation partnerships and PPPS with bigger telecommunications corporations, new schemes

could be created to provide financial support for large-scale DSI experiments across Europe. This could involve making it easier

or consortia of these to compete with telecommunications corporations to for public contracts 3. Support the scaling of DSI, through reuse and repurposing of existing solutions, by encouraging (and where possible making

technology infrastructures (broadband networks) and other telecom-and internet-related services are presented in the Digital Agenda Scoreboard. 21

telecom framework, State aid guidelines, etc. they can benefit from a wide range of EU funding instruments from the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) and from

-European telecommunications networks. 92 91 EBP: http://www. broadband-europe. eu/Pages/Home. aspx 92 CEF guidelines:

telecommunications, and mobile telecommunications investment, in both developed and developing countries. 2 At the level of the firm, World bank surveys of approximately 50 developing countries suggest that

Mobile telecommunications took 20 years to reach one billion users, but only three years to reach two billion

for items or services totally unrelated to telecommunications, such as taxi fares. The thousands of small retailers

Both major carriers, Globe Telecom and SMART Communications, now offer a wide, and growing, range of formal â€oem-transactions†services

In mobile telecommunications, for example, one could say it was a business model rediscovery that set the

Iqbal Quadir, founder of Grameen Telecom, successfully reinvented shared access, with the added attribute of enabling entrepreneurship among village women.

-enterprises, Grameen Telecom introduced a pay-peruse system. This system reduced capital and maintenance costs and established the viability of non-subscription mobile services.

Other providers, including Globe Telecom and SMART Communications in the Philippines and Safaricom in Kenya, are now offering prepaid airtime

While Globe Telecom in the Philippines has entered the m-transactions arena on its own, most providers are

Mobile telecommunications carriers are also finding a great deal of scope for local partnering in developing countries.

particularly those spanning traditional industry sectors, such as telecommunications and finance, and those in the developing world †institutional harmonization and oversight are often weak

among telecommunications regulators and import/export commissions around tariff and non-tariff barriers to new technology imports, for instance, can hinder experimentation and dissemination of technologies

Harmonization between telecommunications and financial regulators will be key to enabling innovation and experimentation with business models that cross

and telecoms regulators to work together. 60 Similarly, infodev, an initiative of the World bank Group, draws on the experience of a wide range of private

spanning traditional industry sectors, such as telecommunications and finance, and those in the developing world †collaboration for effective, continuous standards-setting demands particular attention

Telecommunications carriers are beginning to offer financial transactions via mobile phone in a number of places in the

Telecom are national companies in the Philippines that entered (and largely created) the m-transactions market using a

SMART Communications, a leading national mobile telecommunications carrier in the Philippines, launched SMART MONEY in December, 2000, with two primary objectives:

Globe Telecom, the other leading national mobile telecommunications carrier in the Philippines, launched its m

As of January 2006, Globe Telecom had 12 million subscribers, approximately one million of whom used G-Cash

Kenya Telecom) formally launched their M-PESA mobile transactions service in March 2007. M-PESA is operated

In 2001, the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) joined the partnership, volunteering to offer the Networking Academy curriculum in its Internet Training centers

connectivity and access in Africa (led by the International Telecommunications Union, the World bank, and Intel), enhancing and scaling the telecenter movement (led by Microsoft, the International Development

of Telecoms on Economic growth in Developing Countries. †In Vodafone 2005. Africa: The Impact of Mobile phones.

Learning Institute, the International Telecommunications Union, United Nations Development Programme, and US Agency for International

International Telecommunications Union. n d. Basic Information: About WSIS. http://www. itu. int/wsis/basic/about. html (accessed September 29

Learning Institute, the International Telecommunications Union, United Nations Development Programme, and US Agency for International

Telecoms on Economic growth in Developing Countries. †In Vodafone 2005. Africa: The Impact of Mobile phones.

-novation fields like T. I. M. E. telecommunications, information technology, multimedia and entertainment), health care services and environmental economics etc.

well as telecommunications equipment and services for data transmission and communication (the communication side. The European Information technology

telecommunication services (48 %and in the tourism industry (23 %Exhibit 3. 6-1: Percentage of firms with a CRM

and telecommunication (Jorgenson, Ho, Samuels, Stiroh, 2007, Jorgenson, Ho, Stiroh 2007, Inklaar, Timmer, van Ark, 2007

119 This was confirmed, for example, for the telecommunication industry by an analysis on the J -curve of innovation (Erber 2005, Aral, Brynolfsson, Wu 2006

AISA uses a service provided by its telecom -munications provider (Telefonica) to run a company network (standard VPN †Virtual

telecommunication costs generated by the units are very high. At the moment, the solution runs with a Swiss communication card

and roaming costs with the telecom operator in order to address this cost issue 5. 8. 4 Lessons learned

Benchmarking Efficiency of Telecommunication Industries in the US and Major European Countries A Stochastic Possibility Frontiers Approach in:

medical management tools and telecommunication to develop novel applications for the management of epilepsy It will deliver non-intrusive personal health system (PHS) for monitoring and early diagnosis

projects intended to fill the gaps in Europe†s energy, transport, telecommunication and ICT networks for the 2014-2020 period.

based on the powers of computers and telecoms, can make a major difference to these figures For example, the European Commission†s ecall system saves lives by having the car

https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/en/telecoms-internet/cybersecurity http://www. enisa. europa. eu

Newton†s Telecom Dictionary. New york, Flatiron Publishing ICT Innovation and Sustainability of the Transport Sector

) For example, improved telecommunications has created a new market for remote medical and telehealth services, such as the delivery of clinical services through videoconferencing and

) Canada is promoting competition in the telecommunications sector, including by capping wholesale domestic roaming rates to prevent wireless providers

-botics, appliances, telecommunications, orthopaedics, healthcare, dental, foundry, oil & gas, petro -chemical, toys and plastics

falling telecommunications costs, which are able to weave the world together ever more 12.3.2. Where are applied intercultural competencies in business

added in May 2007, Telecom Regulatory authority of India, Press release no 61/2007 UNCTAD (2005a: â€oeglobalization of R&d and Developing Countriesâ€, in:

radio, TV & telecommunication instruments; medical, precision & optical instruments electrical machinery and apparatus, n e c.;machinery & equipment;

radio, TV & telecommunication instruments medical, precision & optical instruments; electrical machinery and apparatus, n e c machinery & equipment;

telecommunications and courier mail require systems that are designed, developed, and optimized for performance or delivery of the service

targeted at specific market sectors such as financial, telecommunications and transportation. Our review of this literature indicates that,

of Distance†on its front page. 2 While the telecommunications revolution has brought the cost of transmitting information across geographic space to virtually zero,

Biotechnology, electronics and telecommunication, industrial software applications, new materials WK1 10 their turnover Source: Clarysse and Duchã ne, 2000.

geographic space has been reduced drastically with the telecommunications revolution, the marginal cost of transmitting knowledge, and especially tacit knowledge, actually rises with distance

and telecommunication software. Because these firms are focused more on providing a service and face much shorter development times, these companies

organisational entity that uses telecommunication tools to enable, maintain and sustain members†relationships in distributed work environments

Virtual Organisation (a productive organisational entity that uses telecommunication tools to enable maintain and sustain member relationships in distributed work environments

industries like information and communication technologies and telecommunications has been supported by the changes of the profiles of regional universities.

Technology and Telecommunications, which plays a leading role in cluster and education development. Estonian ICT

companies and clusters in industries like information and communication technologies, telecommunications and pharmaceuticals has been supported by the changes of the profiles of regional universities.

and telecommunication technologies. The developments in the ICT industry frequently serve as initial forerunners for innovations in other clusters

Comarch Group and Ericpol Telecom. Comarch Group, which was established in Krakã w in 1993, has built an international network of subsidiaries and offices throughout the

Ericpol Telecom (Ericpol) was established in 1991 in Å Ã då but since 1995 the company has operated also in the Maå opolska Region.

as the European Telecommunications Standards Institute SMARTFREIGHT will also have an impact on collective knowledge and future research

The rise of the information and telecommunications industries and the increasing importance of the services sector in the economy of OECD countries

Telecommunications Standards Institute †http://www. etsi. org) and CEN (the European Committee for Standardisation †http://www. cen. eu

http://www. cen. eu) and ETSI (the European Telecommunications Standards Institute †http://www. etsi. org) continued their

The in-vehicle technologies needed 3g telecom -munications for the accuracy and speed of delivery to make

offered by mobile telecommunications, low cost satellite technology, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) and mobile wireless local area networks (WLAN.

but telecoms are unlikely to provide the split-second speed to react if aâ vehicle immediately ahead suddenly swerves or brakes.

Hellenic Telecommunications and Telematics Applications Company (Greece Total budget EUR 2. 12 million EU funding EUR 1. 44 million

through global telecommunication networks that support aâ wide range of information services for transport operators

and telecommunications networks, and increasingly tools that incorporate all three components in them, such as computer-aided manufacturing systems and self-service

computers or telecommunications equipment and achieve service quality or efficiency gains. Instead they go through a process of organizational redesign

technology industry areas such as high-speed broadband telecommunications, smart cards radio frequency identification devices (RFID), geographic information systems, mobile commerce, and the Internet of things.

including broadband telecommunications, Internet usage, and data. They should allow companies to more rapidly depreciate ICT investments

Technological Diffusion and Economic growth under Network theory, †Telecommunications Policy 2014), doi: 10.1016/j. telpol. 2013.12.003

An Input-Output Analysis, †Telecommunications Policy 37, no. 4†5 may 2013: 387†399 doi:

United states, †Telecommunications Policy 29, no. 8 september 2005: 595†613 doi: 10.1016/j. telpol. 2005.06.002

Telecommunications Manufacturing and industry Basic metals and of fabricated metal products Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations

including the fixed telecommunications network, but also including cable television networks, as well as fixed and mobile wireless services

•For the fixed telecommunications network, there are significant uncertainties as to the quality of currently available data.

solely on fibre-based telecommunications solutions is unlikely without some degree of public policy intervention and/or subsidy

is substantially less expensive than deploying new fibre-based telecommunications networks, thanks to the benefits of sharing existing coaxial cable to multiple

device that is commonly provided by telecommunications operators; it connects multiple costumer digital subscriber lines to

KPN â€oekoninklijke KPN N. V. â€, Dutch telecommunications company 10 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE

telecoms broadband? To what extent do the existence and/or upgrade of cable infrastructure accelerate the deployment of telecoms broadband

Section 2 reviews the DAE objectives. Section 3 considers the benefits to Europe of achieving DAE objectives.

Telecommunications Policy, vol. 33; P. 471-485 20 See Fornefeld, M.,Delauney, G. and D. Elixmann (2008:

presented at the International Telecommunications Society 17th Biennial Conference, Montreal, Canada 22 See Liebenau, J.,Atkinson, R.,Kärrberg, P.,Castro, D. and S. Ezell:(

countries with substantial competition between the fixed telecommunications network and cable. Hungary, where cable competition is strong,

and telecommunications for years) does not do conspicuously well. It may well be that these differences in broadband surplus are primarily a function of the level of competition

which takes into account the respective investment expenditures for electronic equipment, construction and telecoms 30 Intermediate results were presented at a public workshop in Brussels in February 2012.

notably including the fixed telecommunications network, but also including cable television, as well as fixed and mobile wireless services

â For the fixed telecommunications network, there are significant uncertainties as to the quality of currently available data.

that full achievement based solely on fibre-based telecommunications solutions is unlikely without some degree of public policy intervention and/or subsidy

functionally equivalent to telecom fibre-based NGA today. Fixed and mobile wireless solutions also deliver capabilities that are relevant to the DAE,

37 See RTR, â€oeconsultation input from RTR Gmbh (Austrian Regulatory authority for broadcasting and telecommunications) â€

telecommunications lines is heavily dependent on upgrading the existing fixed network which in turn depends on the coverage footprint

47 A DSLAM is a network device that is commonly provided by telecommunications operators. It connects multiple

4. 2. 2 Coverage of telecoms networks In the Western European EU-15 Member States, we believe that the coverage of the

telecommunications (copper and in some cases fibre), cable, and sometimes other technologies as well. Note that Figure 12 reflects adoption rather than coverage

Four fibre-based telecommunications architectures were considered: PMP GPON, P2p Ethernet, P2p GPON, and FTTB P2p DSL. 55 Neither cable television infrastructure nor

This analysis (which is based solely on copper and fibre-based telecommunications and does not otherwise reflect cable

the three DAE objectives based solely on fibre-based telecommunication technologies without intervention or subsidy is unlikely in many Member States.

deploying new fibre-based telecommunications networks, thanks to the benefits of sharing existing coaxial cable to multiple customer premises.

telecommunications network. 79 Deployment of a fibre-based National Broadband Network NBN) in Australia comes at the expense of inhibiting inter-modal competition in order to

telecommunications incumbents, but it is a valuable complement to traditional regulatory mechanisms. Notably, since facilities-based competition is market-based,

Telecommunications Policy, vol. 33, P. 471-485 Lehr, W.,Osorio, C.,Gillett, S. and M. Sirbu (2006:

Austrian Regulatory authority for broadcasting and telecommunications) November 2011 available at: http://ec. europa. eu/information society/policy/ecomm/doc/library/public consult

impacts, paper presented at the International Telecommunications Society 17th Biennial Con -ference, Montreal, Canada FCC (2010a:

telecommunication infrastructure and as countries develop the skills necessary to implement electronic data storage and transmission systems.

of telecommunications reform and availability of affordable ICT access; presence of data standards and regulatory frameworks;

and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) have developed jointly a comprehensive resource on ehealth strategy and planning.

Mobile ehealth or mhealth encompasses the use of mobile telecommunication and multimedia technologies as they are integrated within increasingly mobile and wireless health care delivery systems

technology, ministries of telecommunications, academics, researchers, ehealth professionals nongovernmental organizations involved in ehealth, donors, and private sector partners

such as the International Telecommunications Union ITU) and Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). An online forum to discuss

Telecommunications Union, 2009 (http://www. itu. int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2009/index. html

and access to transport and telecommunications services of general economic interest http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/thefunds/regional/index en. cfm

International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland www. itu. int

ISBN 978-92-61-14661-0 SAP id 9 7 8 9 2 6 1 1 5 2 9 1 8

International Telecommunication Union Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland Original language of publication: English

International Telecommunication Union ISBN 978-92-61-15291-8 ii Foreword iii I am pleased to present to you the 2014 edition of the Measuring the Information

Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT International Telecommunication Union subscription still represents more than 5 per cent of household income for over half of the population

For these income groups, mobile broadband may be the affordable alternative An enabling telecommunication regulatory environment can significantly influence the affordability of

services. The report finds that the price of ICT services falls with better market regulation and increased

telecommunication sector, for use in social and economic development policy and for monitoring the future information society

Statistics Division within the Telecommunication Development Bureau of ITU. The team included Susan Teltscher (Head of Division), Esperanza Magpantay, Vanessa Gray, Ivan Vallejo, Lisa Kreuzenbeck

Project Support and Knowledge management Department, Telecommunication Development Bureau The report includes data from Eurostat, OECD, IMF, Informa, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, the

1. 4 Revenue and investment in the telecommunication sector...13 1. 5 Use of ICTS...

4. 5 The impact of competition and regulation on telecommunication prices...152 Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development...

5. 3 Telecommunication data and their potential for big data analytics...181 5. 4 Big data from mobile telecommunications for development and for better monitoring...

185 5. 5 Challenges and the way forward...195 Chapter 5 Annex...207 List of references...

1. 13 Telecommunication revenues, world and by level of development, 2007-2012, total in USD

1. 14 Annual investment by telecommunication operators, world and by level of development 2007-2012, total in USD (left) and annual growth (right...

5. 2 An overview of telecom network data...182 5. 3 Customer profiling using telecom big data...

184 xii List of boxes 1. 1 Final review of the WSIS targets: Achievements, challenges and the way forward...

telecom sector. Then, a number of key indicators will be presented concerning ICT uptake by individuals, businesses and public organizations

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 39.2 26.3 24.9 15.8 12.7 8. 7 1. 3

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 162.7 124.7 109.9 108.5 96.4 89.2 69.3 0 20

for telecommunication service providers and governments in most countries. This is reflected in the continuous growth in the number of mobile

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 27.7 16.7 14.3 9. 8 7. 7 3. 1

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 83.7 32.0 21.1 6. 3 0 10 20 30

data based on ITU and Telecom Advisory Services calculations more and more countries upgrade their mobile networks. As mentioned earlier, 2g population

ITU Trends in Telecommunication Reform, 2014 of the world. Growth in international bandwidth has been strong in all regions, and the share

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database connectivity, because of the strong internal demand and also its location:

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 221 420 1'213 702 4'384 11'572

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 78.0 57.4 53.0 43.6 36.0 35.9 11.1 0 10

in the telecommunication sector In 2012, total telecommunication revenue stagnated at around USD 1. 88 trillion,

or 2. 7 per cent of world GDP (Chart 1. 13 After the slump experienced during the

The evolution of telecommunication revenues in developed countries follows the overall pattern of their economies as a whole (in

telecommunication services. In addition to the adverse economic context, the voice market in developed countries is declining or reaching

growth in telecommunication revenues in 2012 hence mitigating the global decrease in revenues experienced in 2012.

progress of telecommunication revenues seen Chart 1. 13: Telecommunication revenues, world and by level of development, 2007-2012, total in USD

left) and annual growth (right Note: †World†includes 103 countries accounting for 96 per cent of world GDP. †Developed†includes 40 developed countries accounting for 99 per cent of total

countries†share of total telecommunication revenues increased from 26 per cent in 2007 to 32 per cent in 2012, thus approaching their

the telecommunication sector in the economic growth of the developing world. For example, in the recent revision of Nigeria†s GDP, it was found

that the telecommunication industry accounted for more than a quarter of the upgrade in GDP. 12

telecommunications, which is fundamental to supporting ICT uptake and innovation. In 2012 investment grew by 4 per cent to USD 307 billion

telecommunication investment persisted in 2009 -2 per cent. The overall economic environment of restricted access to capital markets and the

telecommunication infrastructure and services has been more stable, with a smaller drop in 2008(-4 per cent) and moderate growth in the

share of global telecommunication revenues generated in developing countries 32 per cent The investment-to-revenue ratio in the

telecommunication sector stood at 17 per Chart 1. 14: Annual investment by telecommunication operators, world and by level of development

2007-2012, total in USD (left) and annual growth (right Note: †World†includes countries accounting for 91 per cent of world GDP. †Developed†includes 35 developed countries accounting for 98 per cent of total GDP

telecommunication services, USD 17 were reinvested in capital expenditure (i e. in upgrading the fixed assets needed to extend

and improve telecommunication services. The investment-to-revenue ratio was somewhat lower in developed countries (15 per cent) than

On the one hand, telecommunications is a capital-intensive industry and part of the capital investments are delivered by global

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 78.3 40.4 32.4 8. 0 %0 10 20 30

telecommunication infrastructure and on whether service providers have reached out to rural and sometimes geographically difficult areas with low population density (Partnership

telecommunication statistics which have been collected by ITU for decades. In the wake of WSIS, and with the increasing focus

and foster access to and increased use of telecommunications/ICTS Target 1. 1: Worldwide, 55%of households should have access to the Internet by 2020

Worldwide, telecommunication/ICTS should be 40%more affordable by 2020a Goal 2. Inclusiveness †Bridge the digital divide and provide broadband for allb

Enabling environments ensuring accessible telecommunications/ICTS for persons with disabilities should be established in all countries by 2020

Goal 3. Sustainability †Manage challenges resulting from telecommunication/ICT development Target 3. 1: Cybersecurity readiness should be improved by 40%by 2020d

Greenhouse gas emissions generated by the telecommunication/ICT sector to be decreased per device by 30%by 2020

and adapt to the changing telecommunication/ICT environment Target 4. 1: Telecommunication/ICT environment conducive to innovation

Target 4. 2: Effective partnerships of stakeholders in the telecommunication/ICT environment society and international organizations should be

involved. New data sources could include big data mostly provided by private-sector companies which could help â€oeimprove the timeliness and

telecommunication companies. Second, the spread and use of ICTS allow public and private entities across all economic sectors to produce

is primarily on the telecommunication/ICT sector as a source of big data, including players such

the eleventh World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS) in Mexico city in December 2014 recommended that ITU should

telecommunications •What is the role of national statistical offices and how can big data complement official ICT data

telecommunications inform not only ICT but broader development policy in real time, leading to prompt and more

telecommunication operators 15 For instance, the average revenue per user per month for GSM services in India was less than USD 2 in March 2012, almost

of national online services, telecommunication infrastructure and human capital in all countries. See http://unpan3. un. org/egovkb/global reports/index. htm

34 For further information on the work on big data carried out by the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB),

Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) and the ITU Expert Group on ICT Household Indicators EGH)( Box 2. 1

the Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators EGTI) and the Expert Group on ICT Household Indicators (EGH

periodically report back to the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS), ITU€ s main forum on ICT statistics

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 33 35 36 38 40 110 75 87 105

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database have access to mobile broadband at speeds of at

2008 by state-owned operator Bhutan Telecom under its B-Mobile brand), major developments took place in 2013 that helped to boost

per cent in 2013 (see Chart 2. 3). Bhutan Telecom expanded its 3g services, which had been limited

mobile network. 24 Furthermore, Bhutan Telecom launched its high-speed 4g services in Thimphu Chart 2. 3:

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 0. 0 0. 1 0. 3 1. 0 2. 5

Bolivia launched its first telecommunication satellite â€oetupac Katari†in late 2013.28 ENTEL †Bolivia†s state-owned operator †is contracting

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 91.5 88.1 97.2 96.4 0 10 20 30 40

skills and fixed telecommunication infrastructure Table 2. 9: Partial correlation analysis of IDI, population and geographic characteristics

24 http://www. telecomasia. net/content/bhutan-telecom-expand-3g-network 25 http://www. tashigroup. bt/?

for each of the six ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) regions (Africa Americas, Arab States, Asia and the Pacific

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 2012 2013 P e r 1 0 0 i

and the telecommunication regulator has made the attraction of international submarine cables a policy priority13 (see MIS 2013, Box

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 2012 2013 P e r 1 0 0 i

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 2012 2013 P e r 1 0 0 i

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database World Developed 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

state telecommunication-sector monopolies in the world International Internet connectivity, measured in bit/s per Internet user, is ample in the United

negotiating agreements with telecom operators to offer discounted price plans (Galperin, 2012 Through national broadband plans, governments

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

13 http://www. ofca. gov. hk/en/industry focus/telecommunications/facility based/infrastructures/submarine cables/index html 14 http://submarinenetworks. com/systems/intra-asia/sjc/sjc-cable-system

they also apply to other telecommunication markets. Regulation sets the framework for competition, and is thus the lever which policy

upon which telecommunication administrations may exert more direct control. They therefore merit particular attention This chapter will present

telecommunication networks. Global fixed -telephone penetration stood at 16 per cent by end 2013, compared with 9 per cent fixed

and ER-Telecom. The national fixed-broadband market in the Russian Federation is thus one of

by Kyrgyz Telecom. These factors suggest that regulatory measures to promote competition and ease the international connectivity

4. 7). Tunisie Telecom offers regular ongoing promotions for ADSL services with some of the most advantageous prices in the region

plans offered by the state-owned telecom operator ANTEL (ITU, 2013a) †Uruguay could aspire to reaching the fixed (wired)- broadband

telecommunication market, the only one displaying sustained double-digit growth rates since 2008 (Chapter 1). According to ITU

telecommunication prices The impact of ICTS as development enablers depends on access to ICT services and the use

and telecommunication prices, based on a worldwide representative sample, and to check to what extent the quantitative results based

on telecommunication data from EU, OECD and specific countries hold true in a global context

on telecommunication prices (e g. mandating infrastructure sharing or granting a new licence lie beyond the scope of this analysis

The fall in telecommunication prices in the last decade, and in the period analysed in this chapter (2008-2013), is linked to several

telecommunication services and the privatization of incumbent operators. In parallel, national regulators have been created to establish a

competition in telecommunication services at the country level From the literature on cross-national institutional

industries like telecommunications. 43 A country†s institutional endowment determines the scope for arbitrary administrative discretion, the legal

that affects telecommunication markets. Thus it can contribute to creating legal certainty and a level playing field, which are important

of affordable prices in telecommunication services. Chart 4. 21 shows the evolution of average entry-level fixed-broadband prices

telecommunication sector •Cluster 3: the regulatory regime in the different areas covered by the regulatory

beyond telecommunication regulation (e g. the European union acquis. 49 Such background fixed effects may be important for each region

1. Separate telecom/ICT regulator Regulatory authority 11. Tariff info, consumer education & complaints 10. IT

that characterize a telecommunication market and are often the result of the simultaneous effects of technology choices, competition

telecommunication services vary with levels of economic development Therefore, gross national income per capita (GNI p. c is included in the model

•The deployment of telecommunication networks requires large investments that operators evaluate depending on the demand for the service and the specific

telecommunication/ICT regulator that has autonomy in decision-making, enforcement power, the right to impose sanctions or penalties

attributable to the telecommunication sector, such as operators†strategies on data caps, competition in the fixed

comparison with the other telecommunication services. Therefore, the average for handset-based mobile-broadband prices

Sri lanka, see Galpaya (2011) and the presentation of the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri lanka on the

Telecom, http://www. iam. ma/Groupe/Institutionnel/Qui-Sommes-Nous/Filiales participations/Pages/Mauritel. aspx), out of a

See for instance Xia (2011) and India†s Department of Telecommunication press release: http://www. dot. gov. in/as/Auction%20of%20spectrum%20for3g%20&%20bwa/Auction%20results/3g auction

53 The Regulatory Tracker quantifies these aspects of the regulatory framework through the indicators â€oeseparate telecom/ICT

regulatorâ€, â€oeseparate telecom/ICT regulatorâ€, â€oeenforcement powerâ€, â€oesanctions or penalties imposed by regulator†and â€oedispute

telecommunication networks and services there are significant data gaps when it comes to understanding the development of the

telecommunication operators, the broader ICT sector, which includes not just telecommunication companies but also over-the-top (OTT) service

providers such as Google, Twitter, Facebook Whatsapp, Netflix, Amazon and many others captures a wide array of behavioural data

in telecommunication access and use has been recorded in the developing economies, where ICT penetration levels have increased and where

and type of data that telecommunication companies, in particular mobile-cellular operators, produce, and how those data are

looks at the ways in which telecom big data may be used to complement official ICT statistics and assist in the provision of

fully exploiting telecom big data for monitoring and for social and economic development in particular with regard to the different

Most of the data captured by telecommunication companies can be classified as TGD As is often the case with technological

) Telecom network operators make extensive use of such techniques when rolling out new services, among other things for the

Telecom operators also use big data techniques to understand and control churn, optimize their management of customer

by telecommunication operators as well as by Internet companies and by content providers such as Google, Facebook, Twitter

available to telecommunication operators have wide applicability for informing multiple public policy domains. Leveraging such data

has thus far been made of telecommunication big data with a view to understanding its potential for producing additional information

5. 3 Telecommunication data and their potential for big data analytics Fixed and mobile telecommunication network

operators, including Internet service providers ISPS), are an important source of data and for the purpose of this chapter, all forms of

telecommunication big data (either volume velocity or variety) are being considered. Most telecommunication data can be considered as

TGD, 14 that is, the result of an action undertaken such as making a call, sending an SMS,

Telecommunication data The mobile telecommunication data that operators possess can be classified into different types, depending on the nature of the information

they produce. They include traffic data, service access detail records, location and movement data, device characteristics, customer details and

telecommunication services come with an international mobile station equipment identity IMEI) number, operators can identify some

An overview of telecom network data Source: ITU, adapted from Naef et al. 2014 Tr affi

In addition, telecommunication operators hold various customer details that were captured during the customer registration process. These

telecommunication operators can produce a range of detailed indicators relating to service consumption. For each customer

The telecom industry†s use of big data Telecommunication companies are actively seeking to intensify their use of big data analytics

in order to improve existing services and create new ones. For operators, big data open up opportunities for better understanding of their

Telecom operators capture a range of behavioural data about their customers Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development

Customer profiling using telecom big data Source: ITU CUSTOMER INTERESTS SOCIO -ECONOMIC CLASS LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF

telecommunications for development and for better monitoring In 2013, the United nations High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development

mobile telecommunication big data have unique potential as a new data source, with high mobile -cellular penetration levels and the increasing

telecommunication data. Indeed, when referring to the data revolution, the United nations High-level Panel cited the example of â€oemobile

telecommunication big data have potential as a source to enable monitoring of the information society, although they have yet to assume a critical

the lead agency on global telecommunication and ICT statistics, however, ITU is exploring the potential of big data to complement its existing

the areas in which mobile telecommunication big data could complement existing ICT indicators to provide a more complete

patterns based on telecommunication data it has become possible to obtain insights into societal structures on a scale that was

However, telecommunication data are also revolutionizing the study of societal structures at the micro level.

captured by telecommunication operators in the interests of improving the current range of indicators used for monitoring the information

comparable telecommunication indicators produced for tracking the information society One of the main issues with mobile-cellular and

require telecommunication operators, OTT providers and other Internet content providers to work together and share information

Telecom network operators themselves have to contend with interoperability issues arising from the different systems (often from different

Naturally, telecom network operators have curated their data based on their needs. To be able to use telecom

big data for development and monitoring and to guarantee its continuity, the creation of a semantic framework would require greater

involved (telecom operators, network equipment manufacturers, system developers, developmental practitioners and researchers, NSOS, etc Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development

releasing some of its own telecom datasets, it partnered with other data providers to curate

when it comes to telecom network big data Some have argued that NSOS are placed well to ensure that best practices are followed in

Telecom operators for their part, are regulated mostly by sector -specific regulators who can also have purview

i e. the use of telecom big data for monitoring and development. This does still require the

considering how telecommunication data may be used for monitoring and development While the potential benefits to be gained from

representation among telecom users, are all valid considerations. While the registration information might provide answers, the reality

telecom subscribers, for example, is not always accurate. With prepaid subscriptions being the norm in most of the developing world, the

Telecom network big data, which mostly fall under this category may be less susceptible to self-censorship and

it comes to the generalizability of telecom -data analyses based on big data. For example prior research had established a power-law

Telecom network operators themselves use such techniques when rolling out new services or, for that matter, for pricing purposes.

how telecommunication network data could be used for monitoring, surveys and supplemental datasets will remain important to sharpen the

the most from the use of telecommunication big data to complement official statistics, have a shortage of advanced analytical skills by

and telecommunication operators and Internet companies, including search engines and social networks, on the other, is necessary and could

As the main regulatory interface to the telecom sector, NRAS are placed well to co-champion the

national discussion on how telecommunication big data may be leveraged for social good Regulators have a role to play in facilitating the

on issues related to the telecommunication sector, ITU could leverage its position to facilitate global discussion on the use of telecom big data

for monitoring the information society Together, ITU and UN Global Pulse could facilitate the work that needs to be done by

associated with obtaining telecommunication big data, for example by facilitating the standards-setting process. Standardized contracts for obtaining data access as well as

telecommunication big data for social good Academia, research institutes and develop -ment practitioners The research into how telecom data may be

used to aid broader development is being done mainly by academia, public and private research institutes and, to a lesser degree, development

engage with telecommunication operators with a view to using their data for development They therefore understand the potential and

The mobile-telecommunication data that operators possess can be classified into different types, depending on the nature of the

Whenever a user utilizes a telecommunication service, each access is recorded not only for infrastructure management but also for billing

telecommunication services come with an international mobile station equipment identity IMEI) number. This 15 or 16 digit number is

telecommunication services. In addition to serving as a unique serial number for the handset, parts of it can reveal information

Telecom network operators capture various items of demographic data during the customer registration process. These can include the

/11 ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database, 17th edition, 2014, available at http://www. itu. int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/wtid. aspx

14 The term â€oemetadata†is used also quite extensively to refer to TGD from telecommunication operators

Taking into account the increasing trend towards the bundling of telecommunication services (e g double-and triple-play offers), revenue figures disaggregated per service are in most cases not comparable across operators

regulation on the Indian Department of Telecommunications website http://dot. gov. in/sites/default/files/Unified%20licence 0. pdf

For example, the telecom operator captures the MAC address from a modem or router or handset that

Telecommunications Policy 34.11 (2010): 661-671 Boyd, D. and Crawford, K. 2012), Critical questions for big data.

European commission (2014), E-Communications and Telecom Single Market Household Survey. Special Eurobarometer 414 March 2014.

Fink, C.,Mattoo, A. and Rathindran, R. 2002), An assessment of telecommunications reform in developing countries.

Gruber, H. and Verboven, F. 2001), The diffusion of mobile telecommunication services in the European union.

Gual, J. and Trillas, F. 2004), Telecommunications policies: Determinants and impacts. CEPR Discussion Paper No. 4578

Gutierrez, L. 2003), Regulatory governance in the Latin american telecommunications sector. Utilities Policy, 11, 225†240

Gutierrez, L. and Berg, S. 2000), Telecommunications liberalization and regulatory governance: Lessons from Latin america Telecommunications Policy, 24 (10†11), 865†884

Gutierrez, T.,Krings, G. and Blondel, V. D. 2013), Evaluating socioeconomic state of a country analyzing airtime credit and

ITU (2006), Security in Telecommunications and Information technology: An overview of issues and the deployment of existing

ITU-T Recommendations for secure telecommunications. Retrieved from http://www. itu. int/dms pub/itu-t/opb/hdb/T-HDB-SEC. 03-2006-PDF-E. pdf

ITU (2011), Handbook for the collection of administrative data on Telecommunications/ICT. Available at http://www. itu. int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/handbook. aspx

ITU (2013b), Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2013: Transnational aspects of regulation in a networked society.

telecommunications regulation. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 10 (2), 201†246 Levy, B. and Spiller, P. 1996), Regulations, institutions and commitment:

Comparative studies of telecommunications Cambridge, UK: Cambridge university Press Lokanathan, S.,Silva, N. de, Kreindler, G.,Miyauchi, Y. and Dhananjaya, D. 2014), Using mobile network big data for informing

http://stakeholders. ofcom. org. uk/binaries/research/telecoms-research /bbspeeds2010/Mobile bb performance. pdf Ofcom (2013), Ofcom Communications Market Report 2013, August 2013.

The effects of telecommunications reform on network expansion and efficiency. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 1 (15), 65†92

Ros, A. 2003), The impact of the regulatory process and price cap regulation in Latin american telecommunications markets

Wallsten, S. 2001), An econometric analysis of telecom competition, privatization, and regulation in Africa and Latin america

Waverman, L. and Koutroumpis, P. 2011), Benchmarking telecoms regulation: The Telecommunications Regulatory Governance Index (TRGI.

Telecommunications Policy, 35,450-468 Weber, N m.,Palmer, C. L. and Chao, T. C. 2012), Current Trends and Future Directions in Data Curation Research and Education

Journal of Web Librarianship, 6 (4), 305†320. doi: 10.1080/19322909.2012.730358 WEF (2013), Unlocking the Value of Personal data:

Telecommunications Policy, Volume 35, Issue 1 february 2011, pp. 51-63. doi: 10.1016/j. telpol. 2010.12.008

telecommunications/ICT€ 2011, see ITU 2011 and the ITU â€oemanual for Measuring ICT Access and Use by Households and

telecommunications/ICT€ †2011, see ITU 2011b and the ITU â€oemanual for Measuring ICT Access and Use by Households and

telecommunication operator. In some cases especially when prices were advertised not clearly or were described only in the local language

Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators EGTI) 1 and endorsed by the eighth World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators meeting held

in November 2010 in Geneva, Switzerland The fixed-telephone sub-basket The fixed-telephone sub-basket refers to the

Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) 9 in 2012, and revised in 2013 by EGTI in view of the

by the eleventh World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium held in December 2013 in Mexico city, Mexico

1 The Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) was created in May 2009 with the mandate to revise the list

to the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS 2 In some cases, it is not clear

11 These rules were presented to the Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) in September 2012.

to measure mobile-broadband prices were endorsed by the eleventh World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium held in December 2013 in Mexico city, Mexico

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database Annex 3. Statistical tables of indicators used to compute de IDI

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database Annex 3. Statistical tables of indicators used to compute de IDI

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database Annex 3. Statistical tables of indicators used to compute de IDI

Voip. 5) Bhutan Telecom is the only service provider as of now in Bhutan. 6) By December 7) Fixed and WLL. 8) Total access

Voip. 5) Estimate. 6) Bhutan Telecom is the only service provider as of now in Bhutan. 7) By December

subscriptions. 4) Bhutan Telecom and Tashi Cell are the only two service providers in Bhutan. 5) Activity criteria:

1) Preliminary. 2) Active subscriptions. 3) Bhutan Telecom and Tashi Cell are the two service providers in Bhutan. 4) Activity

or equal to, 512 Kbps. 15) Rightel (Tamin Telecom) has been given license to operate 3g services and started

International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland www. itu. int

ISBN 978-92-61-14661-0 SAP id 9 7 8 9 2 6 1 1 5 2 9 1 8

1. 4 Revenue and investment in the telecommunication sector 1. 5 Use of ICTS 1. 6 Emerging ICT measurement issues

4. 5 The impact of competition and regulation on telecommunication prices Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development

5. 3 Telecommunication data and their potential for big data analytics 5. 4 Big data from mobile telecommunications for development and for better monitoring

5. 5 Challenges and the way forward List of references Annex 1. ICT Development Index (IDI) methodology

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