ï telecom infrastructure (calculated depending on%of internet users,%of subscribers of fixed telephony,%subscribers of mobile telephony,%internet subscribers in fixed line and
13 Eurostat, Raport BMI-Romania Telecommunication, 2011 Page 86 of 170 groups targeted for social inclusion
the ITC sector, 47.2%of the overall turnover recorded in 2011 is generated by the Telecommunication sub
state-of-the-art telecommunications networks, assuring nationwide coverage. For this purpose, the construction of fiber-optic networks will be promoted, with national coverage and a wide spread of
%Share of the turnover of enterprises with main activity of telecommunication overall the turnover of enterprises with TIC main activity
ANCOM to implement a mapping of the national telecommunications/broadband infrastructure as per obligations imposed by Law 154/2012
Special Telecommunications Service Ministry of Health Ministry of Transport Ministry of Public Finance Ministry of Agriculture
Romanian Association for Telecom Operators Association for Technology and Internet EOS Foundation Romania First Workshop
telecom companies or by local governments tend to follow a well-known centralised net -work architecture and operation model,
open and neutral, mostly wireless telecommunication community network. It started in Catalonia in 2004 and as of January 2012 it has more than 15,300 working nodes,
the telecommunications regulatory en -vironment, modernising copyright rules simplifying rules for consumers making online and digital purchases, enhanc
Currently the telecoms single market proposal has being reviewed by the Council member States) of the EU
commercial telecom companies or by local public providers. As shown by the European project Confine and Bub for
formerly nationalised telecommunications companies, as well as national research institutes and traditional universities. Building on existing schemes, such as innovation partnerships and PPPS with bigger telecommunications corporations, new schemes
could be created to provide financial support for large-scale DSI experiments across Europe. This could involve making it easier
or consortia of these to compete with telecommunications corporations to for public contracts 3. Support the scaling of DSI, through reuse and repurposing of existing solutions, by encouraging (and where possible making
Fixed telecommunication networks are likely to continue to serve as the primary means of Internet access for many SMES because of their relatively lower cost.
The basic telecommunication infrastructure is in place in many OECD countries, although the development of reliable fixed
economies (Box 4). Most OECD countries have a similar number of fixed telecommunication access lines
The telecommunications infrastructure is also growing rapidly in non†OECD countries, but there are very wide differences among
despite areas of very advanced use of telecommunications to support its very rapidly growing and globally competitive IT and ICT-enabled services industry
(or speed of data transfer) provided on a telecommunications network via high-speed Internet access. See OECD (2004) recommendation of the Council on Broadband
Increased competition in the telecommunications industry has been driving down access costs For example, prices of leased lines,
) Unmetered access was available from the leading telecommunication carrier in 12 OECD countries by the beginning of 2001 and has increased the amount of time users spend on line.
OECD, Telecommunications Database, June 2002 26 Box 4. Network infrastructure in developing economies For most developing economies the highest priority is to put in place the network infrastructure
Developing countries with widespread access to telecommunications and network services i e. 40 mainlines or more per 100 people) are rare.
telecommunications available in areas where telecommunication operators cannot otherwise be expected to provide network access. In Brazil, for example, telecommunication operators are required to contribute 1
%of total revenues to a fund aimed at providing services to those excluded from the market
telecommunication costs) were seen also as largely positive for adopting firms when compared with benefits from e-commerce and e-business.
Governments should also ensure open and competitive telecommunication markets so that SMES can choose among various technologies and services for high-speed Internet access.
•Continue to ensure open, competitive telecommunication markets that offer a range of interoperable technological options and network services (particularly broadband) of
than ISS because it includes telecoms) has accounted for 25%of net job creation and growth 19 Forrester consulting, May 2009, Study on"A Single Market for Information Society
electronic (processing and storage) equipment and by telecommunications means •Finally, the service must be provided via the transmission of data"at an individual
concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the telecommunications sector 67 OJ L 281,23. 11.1995, p. 31
118 See Telecommunications Act of 1996: http://transition. fcc. gov/telecom. html 119 Regional Court of Hamburg, 03.12.2007, ref. no. 324 O 794/07;
available at http://www. landesrecht. hamburg. de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod. psml? showdoccase=1&doc. id=JURE0800
Framework Directive"telecom"(2002/21/EC) 233, as amended by Directive 2009/140/EC234 to ensure that new rules guarantee an open Internet (see also Chapter 4. 3. 4
telecom operators seem to be preferred the solution today The excessive cost of payments has been noted by many merchants and associations.
but also on payment intermediaries, telecom operators for m-commerce, and payment on delivery. For micro-payments, the issue of cost seems to be a
telecommunications). ) Certain consumer protection associations have developed tools to assist consumers to quickly and effectively find solutions, outside the judicial system
In some other sectors, such as telecoms, energy, and consumer credit, EU legislation obliges Member States to establish ADR schemes
Telecommunication networks deployed in the ser -vice of increased social interaction are a key char
design, the value of telecommunication networks grows as an exponential function of the number of intercommunicating nodes (10.
Mobile telecommunications have revolutionised the world already, and promise to play an import -ant role in the consumer of tomorrow.
Telecom, Orange, Atos, Telefã nica and Nokia Solu -tions and Networks, as well as actors from vertical
connections via satellite and telecommunication networks to common monitoring stations. Onstar†s current capabilities are very impressive.
•Telecom Bretagne (5)( Mines Telecom Institute group), which has a famous expertise in Sen
5) http://www. telecom-bretagne. eu 6) https://www. telecom-bretagne. eu/recherche /reseaux et laboratoires/labsticc
/7) http://www. capdigital. com/en /8) https://itea3. org/project/careware. html 9) Global Information (GII) and Global Industry
working in the mobile telecommunications operator business. It became in fact mandatory to look at things from a different perspective
Telecommunications. The Supreme court had said absolutely nothing of cable television. This kind of situation underlines the need to creativity and to
Evidence from the telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry Academy of Management Journal 49, 819†835 West, J.,2003.
semiconductors, and telecommunications equipment Europe declined from 63%in 1961 to 41%in 1994 while in the same period Japan rose from 4%to
in telecommunications, where Nokia dominates sev -eral segments of the market and Ericcson is a large
telecommunications MIU Major Inter Urban routes (roads MMP Mobility Management Plans MNC Multinational Company Mw Megawatt (Electricity
Section 6 sets out policies to support the provision of telecommunications infrastructure, including broadband Section 6 also sets out policies aimed at sourcing energy generation within the region and polices to support
5. Energy and Telecommunications 6. Education and Health care 7. Agriculture, Marine and Rural Development 8. Community Development
•Telecommunications Antennae and Support Structures •Wind Energy Development •The Planning System and Flood Risk management Guidelines
Broadband Programme, involved the installation of a state-of-the-art fibre†optic broadband telecommunications network known as a MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) in eleven centres in the Southeast:
this sector will depend on local infrastructure, broadband and telecommunications and access improvements Support for existing indigenous companies and companies starting up is particularly important.
telecommunications technology will be required to further develop activity in these advanced sectors In addition to the above, development of the services sector, including retailing
2. 3. 3 Energy and Telecommunications The Electricity Grid Network is a vital infrastructure network for the region.
Telecommunications Comprehensive access to information and communications technology is critical to the viability of the region as
providers to ensure the swift and efficient roll out of broadband telecommunications infrastructure to smaller towns and rural areas in the region.
The provision of broadband telecommunications throughout the region will support the implementation of the Southeast Information Society Strategy (SEISS
National Broadband Scheme and the provision of antennae and telecommunications equipment at appropriate locations 2. 3. 4 Social Infrastructure
gateways, including rail, road and telecommunications are central to the overall objective of achieving balanced
A4 Ensuring that supporting infrastructure such as telecommunications and energy supply networks are available and have sufficient capacity to ensure growth in enterprise activity
generation and transmission networks, including renewable energies and telecommunications, all of which are essential for the continued development of the region
effective telecommunications, including broadband regional cultural venues such as theatres/galleries/arts and sports centres a high quality built environment, including parks, green spaces and other amenities
-ments of access, sanitation, energy, population, telecommunications, research etc Belview offers an ideal location for a strategic flagship development due to
•Developing access, telecommunications and energy supply infrastructure •Proximity to Belview Port and direct access to the railway line
High quality telecommunications and energy supply and access road and rail First class office space Business and enterprise support services
telecommunications infrastructure to smaller towns and rural areas in the region. The provision of broadband telecommunications throughout the region will support the implementation of the Southeast Information So
-ciety Strategy (SEISS PPO 6. 1 The Regional Authority will support the provision of telecommunications infrastructure in
the following respects Installation of carrier neutral ducting with all significant civil works such as roads, water and
Scheme and in the provision of antennae and telecommunications equipment at appropriate locations 6. 2 Energy
technology infrastructures (broadband networks) and other telecom-and internet-related services are presented in the Digital Agenda Scoreboard. 21
investments respect the relevant regulation (telecom framework, State aid guidelines, etc. they can benefit from a wide range of EU funding instruments from the Connecting Europe Facility
telecommunications networks. 92 91 EBP: http://www. broadband-europe. eu/Pages/Home. aspx 92 CEF guidelines:
In the IT&C field 2147 companies were operating in 2011 (software, telecommunications hardware), which positions the region on the 4th place among the eight development regions
in the country for IT activities, irrespectively on the 2nd place for telecommunication subsector, being evident a concentration of these activities in the area of producing
another one inside the Electronics, Telecommunications and Information technology Faculty, a Research and Tecvhnology Transfer Center †POLYTECH, a National Research and
telecommunications and software, computer programming, mecatronics, security, e-health, ITC for transport, new media, irrespectively
IT&C Telecommunication and Software/Computer programming, Mechatronics, New Media, Application Development Automotive Industry and Other Transport Equipment
and IT technologies as well as on telecom markets liberalization In a global society undergoing a significant transformation process in the
communication sector versus operation of telecommunication projects and effective implementation of demarches provisioned for in the strategy
identify the best approach to ensure availability of basic telecommunications services for all EU citizens.
telecommunications sector were settled back to 2002 and they guarantee citizens †access to public telephone networks and services such as basic Internet access
telecommunications sector by the end of 2010 The Commission is seeking views on the following key areas
service has been created for traditional telecommunications services, through voice but is this approach valid in today's dynamic digital environment?
access and use basic telecommunications services •Broadband: A comprehensive coverage of broadband is crucial to boost
telecommunications or other policy options would be more effective •A national flexibility and a coordinated approach at EU level:
development of telecommunications markets, availability of broadband, the consumers adoption and governments reactions to so-called"digital division†may
a financial contribution from the telecom sector to ensure universal coverage of broadband or intervene should the public purse
A first step has already been done by the national telecom authority ANCOM) by setting frequency division multiplex in the GE06 plan so that the first
organization and operation of the Special Telecommunications Service, with subsequent amendments, Draft Law on the approval of Government Emergency
 telecom  industries  are  visibly  gaining  influence  while  con- â€
 telecom  industry  has  been  appointed  by  DG  Energy. 25
 EC- †Telecom- †Utility  workshops   4. 3 Main
 Telecommunications  Metering  manufacturers   Research  and  development  within
 Telecom  industry  With  â€oesmart  grids† the  energy  sector
 Telecom  Networks  Operators  Association  represents  41  operators  in
 Telecommunications  Association  represents  â€oethe  regulatory  and  commercial  interests
 Telecom  Council  represents  the  telecommunications  and  infor- â€
mation  technology  interests  of  Europe's  electric  gas  and
 Telecom  Italia  and  Electrolux  for  a  communica- â€
 Telecommunication  Standardization  Bureau  2011  See  also  (Appelrath  et
 Telecommunication  Standardization  Bureau  2011  Activities  in  smart  grid
Aragon adopted a first strategic planning for infrastructures of telecommunication. A se second one adopted in 2009 relates to information society, over the period 2009-2011.
telecommunications services †Integration of ICT in enterprises †Knowledge transfer †Boost of egovernment and open Government
Telecom, Space and new physical/maths applications ï¿Social Dynamics, Innovative Society and Security ï¿
Castilla y Leã n has a good development of telecommunications infrastructures. Since January 2012, broadband coverage throughout the region has been available (universal
its population has caused difficulties in telecommunication infrastructure deployment As for ICT use by citizens, the percentage accessing the Internet has improved in 2013
for telecommunication infrastructure in the rural environment •Difficulty in extending telecommunications infrastructures due to the differentiated
application and specificity of particular aspects of environmental and urban planning standards Companies •Loss of competitiveness when companies
6. 1 The deployment of telecommunications networks and services to ensure digital connectivity 6. 2 Develop the digital economy for companies growth and competitiveness
6 Secretariat of State for Telecommunications and Information Society. Ministry of Industry, Energy, and Tourism
 telecommunications  networks  and  services  to  ensure  digital  connectivity
telecommunications, software engineering, biomedical diagnostics, next-generation localisation and sensor webs. ii) Technology Transfer Offices (TTOS) †A fund of EUR 30 million has been made available to
mainly the creation of IT firms (35%)followed by electronics and telecommunication (25%.%Both programmes mostly backed firms in Mexico city (50),
progress in transport and telecommunications has made it possible for firms to separate production from management, with the former being relocated to areas with same-sector
post and telecommunications (64; computer and related activities (72; research and development (73 3. An overview on the ORBIS database is given in Annex 3. A1
post and telecommunications; computer and related activities; research and development Learning failure A type of systemic failure occurring
At Waterford Institute of technology (WIT), the Telecommunications, Software and Systems Group is recognised an internationally centre of excellence for ICT research & innovation
Significant developments such as the awarding of an SFI Strategic Research Cluster to WIT/Telecommunications Software and Systems Group (TSSG)( the first of the ITS to establish such a cluster) represent a key step in enhancing one aspect of research
The Telecommunications Software & Systems Development Group (TSSG) at WIT is recognised an internationally centre of excellence for ICT research and innovation.
and facilitate a range of telecoms products and services in these areas in the Southeast. footnoteref:
In particular WIT through the Telecommunications, Software and Systems Group and the Arclabs Innovation Centre embodies the institutes stated research philosophy of driving regional economic development through their global reputation for research and innovation
Dr. Willie Donnelly, Head of Research and Director of Telecommunications Software & Systems Development Group (TSSG
Telecommunications, Software systems Group à darã¡s à darã¡s na Gaeltachta VEC's Vocational Educational Committee's
platforms initially started in the networked digital industry (telecom, media entertainment, gaming. software, etc. it is increasingly being propagated to all
office and telecommunications equipment since the late 1980's as part of a far-reaching technological and
as a consequence, the emergence of modern computer, telecommunication and satellite technologies have changed fundamentally the structure of the American economy. â€
and telecommunications components that allow them to be linked through sophisticated networks to other such appliances, mainframe computers and distributed
Budapest University of Technology and Economics department of Telecommunications Mobile Communication and Computing Laboratory †Mobile Innovation Centre
-rent trends in telecommunications, vendors prognosticate that mobile networks will suffer an immense traffic explosion in the packet switched domain up to year 2020
One of the most important reasons of the traffic volume increase in mobile telecom -munications is demographical.
Existing wireless telecommunication infrastructures are prepared not to handle this traffic increase, current mobile Internet was designed not with such requirements in
tional hierarchical and centralized mobile telecommunication architectures. The IP network that deals with the interconnection of base stations in flat networks must be
6. International Telecommunication Union, Press release: ITU sees 5 billion mobile sub -scriptions globally in 2010 (February 2010
Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2 +-Network architecture (GSM 03.02)( 1996 9. 3gpp TS 23.002: Network architecture, V10. 1. 1, Release 10.jan 2011
IEEE conference on Global telecommunications (GLOBECOM€ 09), Honolulu, HI (2009 46. Kassi-Lahlou, M.,Jacquenet, C.,Beloeil, L.,Brouckaert, X.:
Telecommunications Software and Systems Group †TSSG, Co. Waterford, Ireland {jmserrano, sdavy, mjohnsson, wdonnelly}@ tssg. org
Telecommunications networks have undergone a radical shift from a traditional circuit-switched environ -ment with heavy/complex signalling focused on applications-oriented perspective
-tween telecommunications network management systems and devices. In particular, it is important to develop methods (management functions) through which network
Electronics and Telecommunications Department, University of Florence, Via Santa marta, 3 50139 Florence, Italy {mariachiara. pettenati, lucia. ciofi, franco. pirri
greatly simplify the overall design of the telecommunication networks and greatly reduce processing capabilities, since the overall problem of controlling the telecom
-munication network is decoupled in a certain number of much simpler sub-problems Nevertheless, a major limitation of this approach derives from the fact that algorithms
overall telecommunication network control. The issues above claim for a stronger coordination between algorithms and procedures dealing with different tasks
and procedures embedded in the telecommunication networks are open-loop, i e. they are based on off-line"reasonable"estimation of network variables (e g. offered traf
since the telecommunication network behaviours, due to the large variety of supported services and the rapid evolution of the service charac
-tween the proposed conceptual framework over an existing telecommunication net -work. However we proposed a proof-of-concept concrete scenario in section 4, where
2 Algar Telecom, Brazil edmo@algartelecom. com. br 3 Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil pedro@facom. ufu. br
International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications, IEEE Xplore, Print ISBN: 978-1-4244-3942-3 (2009
Telecommunication Technologies Symposium (2009 114 J. H. de Souza Pereira et al 20 Mealy, G.:Another look at data.
telecommunications-based communications for a variety of lower-level network/tele -communication as well as application-based services) and the social life of user (here
)( 2) Markets of Internet service providers (ISP) and Telecommunication Providers;( (3) ISPS peering agreements and/or transit contracts;(
One important development in telecoms is virtualisation. Although the basic idea is longstanding, it has recently come to much greater practical importance with the rise
, telecom world, the Internet and cellular communications. The current challenge for the network management systems
Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S. A. OTE 99 Kifissias Avenue, 15124 Maroussi, Athens, Greece ichochliouros@oteresearch. gr
Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S. A. OTE 99 Kifissias Avenue, 15124 Maroussi, Athens, Greece aspiliopoul@ote. gr
-pean Telecom Framework for the Development of Modern Electronic Networks and Ser -vices. The Journal of the Communications network (TCN) 2 (4), 53†62 (2003
International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector: Rec M. 3400: TMN Management Functions. ITU-T, Geneva, Switzerland (2000
-ence on Ultra Modern Telecommunications (ICUMT-2009), pp. 1†6. IEEE Computer So -ciety Press, Los Alamitos (2009
1. European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Reconfigurable Radio Systems RRS), â€oesummary of feasibility studies and potential standardization topicsâ€, TR 102.838
-tors, telecom operators have considered methods for dynamic provisioning of high-capacity network-connectivity services tightly bundled with IT resources
business models deployed by telecom operators are focused on selling services on top of their infrastructures. In addition, operators cannot oï €er dynamic
role for telecom operators that own their infrastructure to oï €er their optical network integrated with IT infrastructures (either owned by them or by third
Advanced Networks and Telecommunication Systems, 2008. ANTS †08. 2nd International Symposium on. pp. 1†3 (2008
SLA-aware aggregation of telecommunications services introduces a business opportunity for the agile and efficient co-creation of new service offerings and sig
Telecommunication Technologies Symposium (2009 5 Pereira, F. S f.,Santos, E s.,Pereira, J. H. S.,Rosa, P. F.,Kofuji, S. T.:
and Telecommunication Technologies Symposium (2009 6 Pereira, F. S f.,Santos, E s.,Pereira, J. H. S.,Rosa, P. F.,Kofuji, S. T.:
and Telecommunication Technologies Symposium (2009 11 Pereira, J. H. S.,Santos, E s.,Pereira, F. S f.,Rosa, P. F.,Kofuji, S. T.:
2 Telecommunication Dept.,University Politehnica of Bucharest (UPB), Romania eugen. borcoci@elcom. pub. ro 3 Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications, NCSR Demokritos, Greece
{gardikis, xilouris}@ iit. demokritos. gr 4 Multimedia Communication, Klagenfurt University, Austria christian. timmerer@itec. uni-klu. ac. at
telecommunication services as described in 3. The strong orientation of user-centric awareness to services and content is emphasized in 4. The works 5-6 consider that
User-Centric Future Internet and Telecommunication Services. In: Tselentis G.,et al. eds.)) Towards the Future Internet, pp. 217†226.
The first topic concerns the resources of telecom operators and service providers such as networks, switching, computing and data cen
telecommunication networks reflect connec -tivity and the location of their users; transportation networks digitally manage the
IT/Telecom/Content services, Machine to machine-Machine (M2m) services, or entirely new service delivery models simultaneously involving virtual and real worlds
important (e g. telecommunications, bioanalysis and therapeutics •Projects under the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB),
telecommunications charges. However, getting the right ICT equipment is only part of the equation..SMES often have limited very resources for experimentation;
and in telecom sectors Over time, this reorganisation will produce cross-industry supply chains that will come
the Finland based global telecommunications company, has faced with these challenges. Indeed, effective collection and use of data is strategic
-cations, cloud computing, high bandwidth telecommunication networks contribute to create digital infrastructures for service provision, that are more than a simply
High bandwidth telecommunication networks •Comcast, AT&T, Verizon, etc Big data •Amazon†s Dynamo, HBASE, Google†s Bigtable
International, supplier of telecommunication services in Denver††Positive Adapted from 32 4. 3 Information Growth and Market Opinion 77
utilities and telecommunications. Indeed, automatic payments are denied often from the bank, reminders reach the customers much later
In particular WIT through the Telecommunications Software and Systems Group (TSSG)/ Arclabs Innovation Centre embodies the Institute†s stated research philosophy of driving regional economic development through our global reputation
Intellectual property (IP) generated through the Telecommunications Software & Systems Group (TSSG) has created 11 spin off companies in the South East including Feedhenry
1. Telecommunications (TSSG) 2. Pharmaceutical Science & Molecular Biotechnology (PMBRC) and Eco-Innovation (EIRC) and 3:
WIT through the Telecommunications Software and Systems Group (TSSG) is engaged actively in steering the Future Internet agenda in Europe
WIT has developed 3 Technology Gateway Centres funded by Enterprise Ireland in the areas of telecommunications and mobile services (TSSG), applied materials (SEAM) and pharmaceutical and molecular biotechnology (PMBRC.
Overview of WIT Telecommunications Software & Systems Group (TSSG The TSSG is recognised an internationally centre of excellence for ICT research and innovation.
The Centre†s core expertise focuses on telecommunication networks, security and mobile services. Since its foundation in 1996, TSSG has become an important catalyst for driving economic change in the South East Region,
TSSG research teams comprise some of Ireland†s leading telecommunications and software engineering experts; this knowledge and expertise has enabled us to work with academic and industry leaders from around the globe.
Nokia Siemens Networks and Alcatel-lucent †as well as Tier 1 operators including Telefã nica/O2, T-Mobile, Telecom italia, Vodafone, Telenor Group, Portugal Telecom and many more
and extensive telecommunications network allows for a rapid and free flow of information, which increases
as well as telecommunication, sanitation, and irrigation infrastructures. See Planning commission of India 2012 4 Credit suisse 2013 5 World bank, World Development Indicators database (accessed
telecommunications market. As more of these results start to become evident, the country will increase its
International Telecommunication Union, ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2014 (June 2014 edition 2. 2:
International Telecommunication Union, ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2014 (June 2014 edition 2. 2:
International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition 2. 2: Data Tables
International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition 1 2007 2 2008
International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition 1 2004 2 2010 3 2012
International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition 1 2011 2 2012
International Telecommunication Union, ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2014 (June 2014 edition 2. 09 Fixed telephone lines
Number of active fixed telephone lines per 100 population 2013 A fixed telephone line is an active line connecting the subscriber†s
International Telecommunication Union, ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2014 (June 2014 edition Pillar 3:
Macroeconomic environment 3. 01 Government budget balance General government budget balance as a percentage of GDP
International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition 9. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions
Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions per 100 population 2013 or most recent year available This refers to total fixed (wired) broadband Internet subscriptions
International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition 9. 06 Internet bandwidth
International Internet bandwidth (kb/s) per Internet user 2013 or most recent year available International Internet bandwidth is the sum of capacity of all
International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition  2014 World Economic Forum
Technical Notes and Sources 544 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014†2015 9. 07 Mobile broadband subscriptions
International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2014 (June 2014 edition Pillar 10: Market size
10.01 Domestic market size index Sum of gross domestic product plus value of imports of goods and services, minus value of exports of goods and services
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