telephone

Synopsis: Ict: Communication systems: Telecommunication: Telephone:

Management of patient information - trenda and challenges in member states - WHO 2012.pdf.txt

such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices, personal digital assistants (PDAS and other wireless devices. mhealth applications include the use of mobile devices in

as mobile phone penetration, were introduced into the analysis for comparison purposes where relevant Results from the current survey were compared to those from the previous survey wherever possible

Micro and Small Business in the EU whats in it for you.pdf.txt

telephone to give Mr van Rompuy a call. So who do you call It is a well-known problem to the EU that small businesses have difficulties getting

This link provides an overview of telephone and fax numbers and postal addresses, see the list of Con

MIS2014_without_Annex_4.pdf.txt

While the growth in mobile-cellular subscriptions is slowing as the market reaches saturation levels, mobile broadband remains the fastest growing market segment, with

and mobile broadband is six times more affordable in developed countries than in developing countries. Income inequalities within countries

per cent and mobile-cellular prices by 5 per cent if competition and/or the regulatory framework

4. 2 Fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices...108 4. 3 Broadband prices...114 4. 4 Income inequality and broadband prices...

1. 1 Fixed-telephone subscriptions by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and by region

1. 2 Mobile-cellular subscriptions by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and by region

1. 4 Active mobile-broadband subscriptions by level of development, 2007-2014 (left) and by region

3. 3 Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2012 and 2013, Africa...87 3. 4 IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages

4. 1 Fixed-telephone basket (left) and mobile-cellular basket (right), in PPP$, world and by level of

4. 2 Fixed-telephone basket (left) and mobile-cellular basket (right), as a percentage of GNI p. c

4. 11 Availability of mobile-broadband services by type of service, by level of development

4. 12 Mobile-broadband prices, in PPP$, world and by level of development, 2013.217 4. 13 Mobile-broadband prices, in USD, world and by level of development, 2013.128

4. 14 Mobile-broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p. c.,world and by level of

development, 2013.128 xi 4. 15 Mobile-broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p. c.,by region, 2013.129

4. 16 Comparison of postpaid fixed-broadband and postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband prices, in USD, by region, 2013.130

4. 24 Variation in mobile-cellular prices(%)explained by each variable, 2013.165 List of figures

4. 1 Mobile-broadband services by type of device/plan...125 4. 2 Relationship between regulation, competition and prices...

1. 1 Rural population covered by a mobile-cellular signal, 2012.4 1. 2 Total Internet domain registrations by world region, 2003,2008 and 2013.18

4. 1 Fixed-telephone sub-basket, 2013.112 4. 2 Mobile-cellular sub-basket, 2013.113 4. 3 Fixed-broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p. c.,by region, 2013.116

4. 4 Fixed-broadband sub-basket, 2013.124 4. 5 Mobile-broadband prices, postpaid handset-based 500 MB, 2013.132

4. 6 Mobile-broadband prices, prepaid handset-based 500 MB, 2013.134 4. 7 Mobile-broadband prices, postpaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013.136

4. 8 Mobile-broadband prices, prepaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013.138 4. 9 Fixed-broadband prices as a percentage of household disposable income, selected

countries, 2013.144 4. 10 Fixed-broadband prices as a percentage of household consumption expenditure selected countries, 2013.145

xv 4. 11 Prepaid handset-based mobile-broadband (500 MB/month) prices as a percentage of

global mobile-cellular market is approaching saturation levels, mobile-broadband uptake continues to grow at double-digit rates in all

around a dozen countries where fixed-telephone uptake has increased actually over the past year. 1

Fixed-telephone penetration decreased by about 2 per cent globally in the past year, and will drop

The decline in fixed-telephone subscriptions over the past decade was accompanied by strong growth in the mobile-cellular market

until 2010, at which point mobile-cellular growth rates dropped to single digits, and they have continued to slow down since then

In 2014, global growth in mobile penetration will be at a ten-year low of 2. 6 per cent, as the

there will be almost as many mobile-cellular subscriptions (6. 9 billion) as people On earth more than three quarters of them (5. 4 billion

does not mean that everyone has a mobile phone â€ since many people have more than one

strongest mobile-cellular growth, and the lowest penetration rates, which will reach 69 per cent

Fixed-telephone subscriptions by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and by region, 2014 *right

the fixed-telephone market is shrinking and the mobile-cellular market is tapering off. In addition mobile-cellular population coverage has reached

that are covered not by a mobile-cellular signal Table 1. 1). Even though rural population coverage is very high, at 87 per cent globally, at

or is using a mobile Chart 1. 2: Mobile-cellular subscriptions by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and by region

number of mobile phone users (Partnership, 2014 No regular pattern can be established, though and the difference between mobile-phone user

penetration and mobile-cellular subscription penetration ranges between 8 per cent (France and 111 per cent (Panama) across countries

According to GSMA estimates, unique mobile subscribers account for about half of mobile -cellular subscriptions, which would translate into

Third, household access to a telephone is still not the norm in many developing countries

cent of households had a telephone (up from 9 per cent ten years earlier. In addition, there were

having access to a telephone compared with 54 per cent of rural households. 3 Household

telephone penetration in Malawi stood at 36 per cent in 2011 â€ 73 per cent in urban households

gap in household telephone access prevails in many developing countries for which data are available, but is closing with the availability of

Rural population covered by a mobile-cellular signal, 2012 Source: Partnership (2014) based on ITU data

Overall mobile-cellular population coverage %Rural population covered %Rural population covered (millions Rural population not

Chart 1. 4). Mobile broadband is growing fastest in developing countries, where growth rates over the last year are expected to be twice as

devices (smartphones) and types of plan on offer in the market Nevertheless, the divide between developed and

The data on fixed-and mobile-broadband uptake confirm what has been observed on the ground. In developed countries, fixed

countries, and before fast mobile-broadband services and smartphones entered the market This has contributed to the higher uptake of

fixed broadband in developed countries. In Chart 1. 4: Active mobile-broadband subscriptions by level of development, 2007-2014 (left) and by

region, 2014*(right Note:**Estimate Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 83.7 32.0 21.1

Furthermore, the mobile market has benefited from a more liberal regulatory approach than the fixed market

smartphone, tablet) and SIM CARDS Looking towards the future, the growth potential for mobile broadband looks promising, as

more and more countries upgrade their mobile networks. As mentioned earlier, 2g population coverage stands at over 90 per cent worldwide

growth in mobile-broadband subscriptions. At the same time, the issue of spectrum allocation will have to be addressed to ensure that the

growth of mobile-broadband services, it may be expected that more and more schools will have broadband access in the near future and that the

mobile and Internet sectors. Delegates attending the eleventh World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS) in Mexico city in

1 Refers to countries where fixed-telephone penetration increased by more than 1 per cent in 2014

It is a mobile-broadband standard offering both mobility and very high bandwidth, such as long-term evolution (LTE) networks (ITU Trends 2014

-telephone subscriptions, mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, international Internet bandwidth per Internet user households with a computer, and

households with Internet access â€¢Use sub-index: This sub-index captures ICT intensity, and includes three ICT intensity

per Internet user and mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants would be reviewed. For international Internet bandwidth per Internet

The reference value for mobile-cellular subscriptions was lowered to 120. This value was derived from examining the distribution

of countries based on their mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants in 2013. In order to determine the reference value, prepaid

group of countries (23 countries with a mobile -cellular penetration between 110 and 120 per

-SIM ownership is driving up mobile-cellular subscription numbers, which is an issue in prepaid and, to a lesser extent, also in postpaid

early to substitute the current mobile-cellular subscription data in the IDI with mobile-phone user data.

excluding smartphones â€¢Differences among countries included in the IDI. The calculation of the IDI ranking

%1. Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2. Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 3. International Internet bandwidth (bit/s) per Internet user

4. Percentage of households with a computer 5. Percentage of households with Internet access 60 120

have access to mobile broadband at speeds of at least 10 Mbit/s. 10 The Republic of korea ranks second in the

fixed-telephone penetration globally, at 63 per cent, and relatively high levels of household ICT

Globally, the number of mobile-broadband subscriptions20 grew by 24 per cent from 2012 to 2013.

The launch of mobile-broadband services by the countryâ€ s only private-owned operator Tashi Cell in late 2013 has helped

smartphones. 26 Bolivia is among the most dynamic countries on the access sub-index(+4 ranks), and also shows

-2013, the ownership of devices such as mobile phones and laptops increased significantly within the countryâ€ s mainstream population. 32

The report also highlights discrepancies in ICT connectivity between Qataris and westerners on the one hand, and transient labourers

Smartphone penetration is also much lower among transient labourers (24 per cent). ) Therefore, â€oeincreasing the penetration of

newer devices such as smartphones and tablets particularly in specific demographic segments like the transient labour populationâ€ is one of the

1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households

Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment

Literacy Bhutan 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular

subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone

subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Bolivia

2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular

subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone

subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Bosnia and herzegovina

2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular

subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone

subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Burkina faso

2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular

subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone

subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Cape verde

2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular

subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone

subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Estonia

2012 2013 53 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 Figure 2. 3: IDI spider charts, selected dynamic countries, 2012 and 2013 (continued

1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households

Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment

Literacy Fiji 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular

subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone

subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Georgia

2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular

subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone

subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Gambia

2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular

subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone

subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Mali

2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular

subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone

subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Oman

2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular

subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone

subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Qatar

2012 2013 Chapter 2. The ICT Development Index (IDI 54 Looking to the future, the country released its

new mobile-cellular subscriptions and close to 28 million new wireless-broadband subscriptions were added within one year.

stand at 138 per cent for mobile-cellular and 52 per cent for wireless-broadband services by

Thai operators, 34 providing high-speed mobile Internet connectivity to users. The rapid uptake of mobile-broadband services was spurred by

subsidized smartphones and promotions on mobile data plans. 35 During 2013, operators further extended their wireless infrastructure and services

1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households

Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment

Literacy Thailand 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular

subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone

subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy United arab emirates

2012 2013 55 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 2. 3 Monitoring the digital divide:

Fixed-telephone penetration is decreasing in developing and developed countries. Mobile-cellular subscription growth rates are slowing down,

inhabitants covered by a 2g mobile-cellular signal by 2013. On the other hand, 3g mobile -cellular coverage was comparatively low for

Goal 8 (fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular penetration and percentage of Internet users) were considered not,

of smartphones to capture essential data on the patients and monitor their treatment has accelerated progress.

Furthermore, ICTS such as mobile phones and the Internet can help inform people and allow them to share information

on the use and availability of facilities. 46 Results are mixed for the other targets under MDG 7

20 Refers to the indicator active mobile-broadband subscriptions. Mobile-broadband subscriptions generally make up the

22 http://www. thisdaylive. com/articles/a-year-after-wacs-is-faster-more-affordable-mobile-broadband-becoming-a

26 http://www. kuenselonline. com/530-increase-in-mobile-broadband-users/#./#U4rsghksx8e 27 Purchased capacity

35 http://www. telecompaper. com/news/thai-operators-reduce-prices-of-smartphone-data-plans--900198

increases in mobile-cellular penetration from 2012 to 2013 were registered also in Guinea from 49 per cent to 63 per cent), Mozambique

of people using a mobile-cellular phone is much lower than the number of subscriptions In Tunisia, 72 per cent of individuals were using

a mobile-cellular phone, compared with a mobile-cellular penetration of 118 per cent in 2012.

of individuals using a mobile-cellular phone Fixed-telephone penetration is extremely low in the Arab States region, with a regional average

of 9 per cent in 2013. This further highlights the importance of mobile networks in the region

and upgrading their mobile -broadband networks â€ in Qatar LTE is available throughout the entire country9 â€ Algeria

countries have reached a mobile-cellular penetration of 100 per cent or above by end 2013.

Nepal achieved a mobile-cellular penetration rate of 71 per cent in 2013, up from

million new mobile-cellular subscriptions were added in 2013, taking the penetration rate up to 89 per cent

2008, computers have replaced telephones as the most commonly available ICT device in Thai homes. Furthermore, the majority of households

2014, with China Mobile entering the fixed-line market. 17 Chinaâ€ s broadband strategy, published

The mobile markets in the CIS are predominately prepaid with typically high rates of multi-SIM ownership

the majority of CIS countries, at least four mobile operators are active in the market. The Russian

-concentrated mobile markets globally, with three national operators and several regional operators competing for 143 million potential customers

number of CIS countries underline that mobile -cellular penetration, measured as the number of mobile-cellular subscriptions, can give no

of subscribers (i e. a mobile-cellular penetration of above 100 per cent does not mean that every

inhabitant has a mobile-cellular subscriptions For instance, whereas mobile-cellular penetration in Ukraine stood at 130 per cent by end 2012,9

of households did not have access to a mobile -cellular telephone in 2012, even though mobile -cellular penetration stood at 108 per cent

then, operators have expanded their mobile -broadband networks beyond the main cities Table 3. 6: IDI â€ CIS

-telephone penetration of 48 per cent by end 2013 Penetration is also relatively high (17 per cent) in

only one country (Andorra) had a mobile -cellular penetration of less than 90 per cent Most remaining countries well exceeded

most European mobile-cellular markets. Data from the Eurobarometer underlines this finding on average, 92 per cent of European union

are members of the EU) had access to a mobile phone in 2013 (European commission, 2014b The region benefits from an abundant supply of

2012 (see Table 3. 8). The countryâ€ s mobile-cellular Chart 3. 12: IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages

adopters of mobile-broadband technology such as Dominica, Grenada and St vincent and the Grenadines, have fixed significantly higher

national mobile phone calls because of concerns about cost (European commission, 2014 In response to the demand for global benchmarks

-telephone, mobile-cellular (voice and SMS) and fixed-broadband services. Since 2012, the data collection has been extended to include mobile

apparent in the mobile-cellular market, where low prepaid prices became a key enabler for the

mass uptake of mobile-cellular services observed in the developing world in the last decade;

price sets contained in the IPB (fixed-telephone mobile-cellular and fixed-broadband services as well as the general IPB ranking combining the

collection of mobile-broadband prices can be found in Annex 2 4. 2 Fixed-telephone and

mobile-cellular prices Traditional voice services4 and SMS have become the most ubiquitous ICT services, overtaking

only 9 per cent of households had a telephone in India in 2001, compared with 32 per cent

households had a telephone, 47 per cent a TV and 20 per cent a radio. 5

Despite the decline in fixed-telephone subscriptions over the last decade, fixed telephony remains the most widespread

-telephone penetration stood at 16 per cent by end 2013, compared with 9 per cent fixed

gaps in the fixed-telephone network have been filled by the mobile-cellular network, which covers 93 per cent of the global population

that mobile-broadband services are likewise less available than mobile voice and SMS (see Chapter 1). Subscription figures confirm this

rates, there are three times as many mobile -cellular voice subscriptions as mobile-broadband subscriptions, with almost as many mobile

-cellular subscriptions as people on earth Traffic figures show that, in almost all countries the bulk of national voice traffic corresponds

to calls made from mobile networks, thus confirming the shift from fixed to mobile voice International voice traffic is also predominantly

mobile in most countries, although the number of international fixed-telephone minutes still exceeds international mobile voice minutes

in one in four countries. This situation occurs more frequently in the developed world: there is

more fixed than mobile international telephone traffic in 36 per cent of the developed countries

the higher fixed-telephone penetration rates recorded in developed countries â€ almost four times higher than in developing countries

differences in mobile-cellular penetration are smaller. These findings highlight that fixed telephony is used still more than mobile

Chart 4. 1 shows the evolution of fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices in the period 2008

a prepaid low-user mobile-cellular subscription costs on average PPP$ 23.7 (or USD Chart 4. 1:

Fixed-telephone basket (left) and mobile-cellular basket (right), in PPP$, world and by level of

Based on 140 economies for which 2008-2013 data on fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices were available

or USD 19.5) per month for a prepaid mobile -broadband service with a 500 MB monthly data

confirm that fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices are the cheapest among ICT services suggesting that low prices have contributed to

Fixed-telephone prices have followed an almost flat evolution, with a small decrease in prices observed during the period in developing

The fixed-telephone market is the most mature segment of those included in the ITU price data collection exercise

their fixed-telephone market in 2008, compared with 88 per cent in 2013. Moreover, in some

the deregulation of retail fixed-telephone prices The cheapest fixed-telephone prices are found in

countries where there is still strong government control over the main fixed-telephone operator such as the Islamic Republic of Iran, Cuba and

cheapest prepaid mobile-cellular prices are in the Asia and the Pacific region, with Sri lanka (USD

with the lowest prepaid mobile-cellular prices in the world. These are examples of the levels

insight into the affordability of fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular services from a demand-side

Fixed-telephone basket (left) and mobile-cellular basket (right), as a percentage of GNI p. c

Based on 140 economies for which 2008-2013 data on fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices were available

the large dispersion of fixed-telephone prices in the developing world: affordability ranges from less than 0. 2 per cent of GNI p. c. in the countries

were applied to fixed-telephone prices, there would be 35 developing countries not meeting the target in 2013, most of them from Africa.

By end 2013, a low-usage prepaid mobile-cellular service cost on average 1. 6 per cent of GNI p. c

Fixed-telephone sub-basket, 2013 Note:**Data correspond to the GNI per capita (Atlas method) in 2013

Fixed-telephone sub-basket GNI p. c USD 2013*Rank Economy Fixed-telephone sub-basket GNI p. c

USD 2013 *as%of GNI p. c. USD PPP$ as%of GNI p. c. USD PPP$

uptake of mobile-cellular services in these countries, and therefore requires regulatory and policy attention

total mobile data traffic was offloaded onto fixed networks in 2013 (CISCO, 2014), highlighting the role that fixed broadband plays in supporting the

growth in mobile-broadband networks In the period 2008-2013, the price of an entry

Rostelecom, Mobile Telesystems OJSC (MTS and ER-Telecom. The national fixed-broadband market in the Russian Federation is thus one of

The dynamism of the mobile-broadband market is reflected also in prices. Unlike the fixed -broadband market, where price structures are

the main types of mobile-broadband plans for which ITU collects data on prices (Figure 4. 1

and therefore the analysis of mobile-broadband prices cannot be based on the same parameters used for fixed broadband.

spectrum is allocated for mobile broadband for instance, part of the digital dividend) and mobile-broadband networks are upgraded to

Currently, most mobile-broadband plans are priced on the basis of the data allowance (i e. the

the speed of the mobile-broadband service, but confine themselves to a generic mention of the

cost) for mobile-broadband services based on high-speed networks. These plans are often labelled as â€ 4gâ€

Chart 4. 11 shows that mobile-broadband plans are becoming more and more available particularly in developing countries, where

the mobile-broadband service available in the most countries is based prepaid handset, which was offered in 153 countries in 2013.

modalities of mobile-broadband services are offered In view of the dynamics of the mobile -broadband market, this section will focus on

127 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 Chart 4. 11: Availability of mobile-broadband services by

type of service, by level of development, 2013 and 2012 Note: A mobile-broadband service is counted as available

if it was advertised on the website of the dominant operator or prices were provided to ITU through the

same mobile-broadband service The global average price for a computer-based mobile-broadband service with 1 GB monthly

is also found in respect of regular mobile-cellular services, because operators will usually offer

smartphone customers A feature of postpaid handset-based mobile -broadband plans is that they are in some

levels of bundling in mobile-broadband plans makes it difficult to compare prices on a like-for

to streamline their mobile-broadband services and offer cheaper prices. Indeed, operating costs should be lower in developing countries and, if

This is the case, for instance, for fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular services. 26 The fact that this

These differences in mobile-broadband prices between developed and developing countries are even more apparent when looking at the

estimated that mobile-broadband penetration will reach 19 per cent in Africa by end 2014

if mobile broadband is to bridge the broadband gap between Africa and the other regions, mobile-broadband services

prepaid mobile-broadband dongles suggest that these services target high-end customers rather than the average user.

Postpaid mobile -broadband dongles include much lower monthly data allowances in The americas (Table 3. 7

of 1 GB suggest that mobile broadband could be a cheaper alternative to fixed broadband in many

Cheaper mobile broadband Cheaper fixed broadband Almost no difference 0 10 20 30 40 50

This latter mobile-broadband plan is chosen because it is the best match for fixed-broadband services:

per month â€ but mobile-broadband prices still correspond to more than 5 per cent of GNI p. c

as many countries where mobile broadband is fixed cheaper than broadband as vice versa There are some exceptions, such as Tajikistan

where mobile broadband is significantly cheaper, Indonesia and Thailand are the only ones in which the 5 per cent affordability target

affordable mobile-broadband plans. In the Solomon islands, Timor-Leste and Vanuatu despite mobile broadband being more than USD

20 cheaper per month than entry-level fixed broadband, mobile-broadband prices are still high.

of cheaper mobile-broadband prices: Belize El salvador, Paraguay and Suriname. In these countries, mobile broadband is an affordable

However, the mobile-broadband market is still in its early stages, with penetration rates below

the region mobile broadband is more than USD 10 cheaper per month. This is a striking finding

Europe28 and the maturity achieved in the mobile -broadband market, with a mobile-broadband penetration of 57 per cent by end 2013, the

highest of all regions. European countries dominate the global top ten of most affordable mobile-broadband plans, with Austria, Finland and

the affordability of mobile-broadband services Table 4. 11 and Table 4. 12 show the price of

four mobile-broadband services for which ITU collects price data (Chart 4. 13), and is currently the

expenditure, suggesting that mobile-broadband affordability is an issue irrespective of income /expenditure distribution On the other hand, in developing countries

barrier to mobile-broadband adoption in these countries A comparison of fixed-broadband and prepaid

shows that mobile broadband may be the only affordable alternative for low-income households in several developing countries.

afford a mobile-broadband plan. This might be the case in countries such as Albania, Azerbaijan

fewer mobile-broadband subscriptions than households in most African countries and in several developing countries in the Asia and the

developing countries, where mobile broadband may thus be the only alternative for household access In order to take into consideration both

a mobile-broadband plan would be somewhat unaffordable (i e. represent more than 5 per cent of household consumption expenditure

Considering the high mobile-cellular penetration in both countries, this suggests they are in a good position to see an increase in

two countries mean that individual mobile -broadband plans would be somewhat unaffordable (i e. represent more than 5 per

need to share a mobile-broadband plan with other members of their household. In Egypt

and Sudan, the cost of a mobile-broadband plan corresponds to more than 10 per cent

major barriers for increasing mobile-broadband adoption in many African countries On the basis of the data presented, it can be

a licence to a new entrant in the mobile-cellular market. This section presents a quantitative analysis

prices for mobile-cellular (voice and SMS) and fixed-broadband services. Among all ICT services

majority of mobile-cellular and fixed-broadband markets. Regulatory and policy action can also have a direct impact on retail prices,

number of licences issued in mobile-cellular markets or by limiting foreign participation in fixed-line operators.

-level prices and competition in mobile-cellular markets, where the decline in prices during the

Competition in mobile markets and mobile -cellular prices as a percentage of GNI p. c.,2008-2013

Simple averages for 140 economies with available data on mobile-cellular prices and competition for the period 2008-2013

collection of mobile-cellular prices Descriptive statistics of the dependent variables Average Standard deviation Minimum Maximum 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013

Herfindahl-Hirschman Index for mobile cellular (voice and SMS with Li being the number of mobile-cellular subscriptions of firm i,

and TL he total number of mobile-cellular subscriptions in the country. It is the sum of the squared market shares of each mobile-cellular service provider calculated in terms of subscriptions.

As in the case of the HHI for fixed broadband, this ranges from to 1, where k is the total number of mobile-cellular service providers

in the market. Data sourced from Informa 159 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 Box 4. 2:

HHI mobile cellular 0. 46 0. 41 0. 16 0. 14 0. 17 0. 15 1. 00 1. 00

Results for mobile cellular The results of the panel regression for mobile -cellular prices (voice and SMS) indicate that the

a market with two mobile-cellular operators sharing the market equally, the entry of a new

but disruptive operators, such as mobile virtual network operators (MVNOS), may have an impact on prices Competition in mobile-cellular markets is

stronger than in fixed-broadband markets and differences in competition levels across mobile-cellular markets are on average smaller

HHI mobile cellular 0. 201 0. 082 Significant 5%level A change from a duopoly to a triopoly (with operators holding

the reduction in mobile-cellular prices that could be achieved in those developing countries with highly concentrated markets,

prices in mobile-cellular markets discussed is only valid if considered in combination with the other explanatory variables included in the

prices for mobile-cellular services: a 5 per cent increase in the percentage of the population

variations in mobile-cellular prices observed across countries in 2013. Differences in mobile -cellular prices across countries are smaller than

on the final price in the case of mobile-cellular services. This suggests that economic levels are

as a driver for lower prices in mobile-cellular markets Regulation is found to have a weak explanatory

regulation is less of an issue in mobile-cellular markets. This may be because the regulation

competition and lower prices in mobile-cellular services, whereas in fixed-broadband markets stronger regulatory action may be needed

Variation in mobile-cellular prices %explained by each variable, 2013 Note: Calculated taking as a reference the average of each variable and adding

difference in mobile-cellular prices that would be obtained keeping all other variables constant. The calculation does not take into consideration the

Fixed telephone sub -basket as a%of GNI per capita, 2013 Mobile-cellular sub -basket as a%of GNI

â€¢Mobile cellular: Differences in mobile -cellular prices across countries are smaller than the differences in fixed-broadband

differences in mobile-cellular prices observed across countries (an estimated 7 per cent), whereas differences in the

an impact in setting mobile-cellular prices, since regulation in most countries is already open enough to allow

in the case of mobile-cellular plans) that are consumed per month. For more information on the baskets and the price

and a floor rate for national mobile calls with the aim of protecting mobile operatorsâ€ margins.

At present, Sri lanka continues to have some of the cheapest mobile-cellular prices in the world and the mobile market has achieved a stable financial situation.

For a more detailed analysis of the ICT sector in Sri lanka, see Galpaya (2011) and the presentation of the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri lanka on the

13 Advanced mobile technologies refer to standards agreed by the ITU Radiocommunication Assembly for next-generation

25 Data for mobile-broadband services have been collected since 2012 through the ITU ICT Price Basket Questionnaire,

47 Mobile termination rates are regulated in more than 120 countries. Source: ITU Tariff Policies Database 2013 (ICTEYE

55 The mean HHI for mobile cellular is calculated as the simple average of the HHI of 140 economies for which price and market

dispersion in mobile-cellular prices is of Â 60 per cent around the mean 173

companies, in particular mobile-cellular operators, produce, and how those data are 175 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014

â€¢Mobile phones â€¢Satellite/GPS devices Online activities/social media â€¢Online search activities â€¢Online page views

example, mobile phones and GPS devices), and activities carried out by users on the Internet including searches and social media content

was phone and Internet access. By clicking on any of the data points in the chart, the application provides

Phone and Internet access Equality between men and women Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development

Given the popularity of mobile-cellular services, non-Internet-related mobile -network big data seems to have the widest

There are various examples of how mobile phone records have been used to identify socioeconomic patterns and migration

patterns, describe local, national and international societal ties, and forecast economic developments. 13 Data are also being

greatest uptake and popularity is the mobile -cellular service, data from mobile operators have the greatest potential to produce representative

technology used, for example, for the mobile network (2g, 3g, etc..These data are potentially also very useful for building a rich profile of

international mobile station equipment identity IMEI) number, operators can identify some device characteristics, including the handset

Fixed operator Mobile operator ISP Data volume Call volume SMS/MMS volume Erlang DPI data

mobile-cellular and active mobile-broadband subscriptions On the basis of the detailed service-usage data collected

potential as a new data source, with high mobile -cellular penetration levels and the increasing

use of mobile phones, even among the poorest and most deprived, making them particularly valuable by comparison with other types of

and growing) evidence for the role of mobile big data in achieving development goals in various

Mobile phone big data for develop -ment Mobile data offer a view of an individualâ€ s behaviour in a low-cost, high-resolution, real

research in Kenya combined passive mobile positioning data with malaria prevalence data to identify the source and spread of infections

showed how mobile phone data was used to track the spread of cholera after the 2010 earthquake (Bengtsson et al.

derived not only from phones but also from public transport and private vehicles (Amini Bouillet, Calabrese, Gasparini and Verscheure

Passive mobile positioning data has also been used for transportation planning and management in Estonia (Ahas and Mark, 2005

Tracking mobility through mobile phones Port-au-prince (Pap Number of people displaced after earthquake 189 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014

-phone data, geolocated Twitter messages and the census â€ showed very similar results, and although the representativeness of the Twitter

people had a mobile phone but no bank account After analysing mobile consumption variables CGAP suggested that it was possible to identify

the mobile phone records of poor people to assess their creditworthiness when they apply for a loan

on the idea that â€oemobile phone usage is not random â€ it is highly predictive of an individual consumerâ€ s lifestyle and riskâ€

access include indicators on mobile-cellular and mobile-broadband subscriptions, which remain some of the most widely used and internationally

One of the main issues with mobile-cellular and mobile-broadband subscription data is that they

unique mobile subscriptions was just over 50 percent, whereas the number of connections per 100 population far exceeded 100 per cent. 26

case of fixed-telephone and fixed-broadband subscriptions, which are linked to an address through the billing information, it is possible to

the feasibility of using mobile phones for the deployment of rapid global surveys on well-being. 28 This requires, however, that the

-phone user. To that end, the World bank has experimented with the use of mobile phones to conduct statistically representative

monthly household surveys in Latin america and the Caribbean. 29 Source: ITU Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development

from mobile-cellular and mobile-broadband subscriptions are concerned, since they are linked to mobility profiles.

number of unique mobile subscribers or users rather than just subscriptions, by comparing subscription numbers to user numbers derived

protocols) of privately held data such as mobile -phone records can be mutually beneficial to both government and private sector.

For example mobile network operators monitor and forecast their revenue at the cell-tower level. Emerging research in Africa shows how reductions in

the world is using a mobile phone. This issue of representativeness is of high relevance when considering how telecommunication data

from affluent areas with greater smartphone ownership (Harford, 2014. Hence, the â€oebigâ€ in big data does not automatically mean that issues

their mobiles, or even turn them off, in areas where they do not wish their digital footprint

of cellphone records to understand phenomena related to social development and public health stresses the importance of weeding out false

researchers working with Sri lankan mobile datasets attempted to use these findings to help them segregate their analyses for different socio

While fixed-telephone network operators have access only to static location data mobile networks have much richer and dynamic location data

sparse and generated only when the phone is used and when the network knows which cell a particular handset is currently

phone was attached to, and provides for a rich mobility profile as compared to the event-based billing records

international mobile station equipment identity IMEI) number. This 15 or 16 digit number is captured whenever a device is used to access

/13 Mobile phone records have been used to infer locations of economic activity within, and patterns of migration to, slum areas

mobile phone records to forecast the socioeconomic levels of localities, thereby yielding approximate census maps (Frias

mobile phone usage and regional economic development in CÃ'te dâ€ Ivoire 14 The term â€oemetadataâ€ is used also quite extensively to refer to TGD from telecommunication operators

27 Jana has integrated its systems with 237 mobile operators worldwide, giving them a reach of almost 2 billion subscribers

47 An international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number is a 15-digit number unique to the particular SIM in a subscriberâ€ s

Azman, A s.,Urquhart, E. A.,Zaitchik, B. and Lessler, J. 2013), Using Mobile phone Data to Supercharge Epidemic Models of

tracking population movements with mobile phone network data: a post-earthquake geospatial study in Haiti. PLOS

mobility and optimizing public transport using cellphone data. Data for Development: Net Mobi 2013 Blumenstock, J. E. 2011), Using mobile phone data to measure the ties between nations.

Proceedings of the 2011 iconference pp. 195â€ 202. New york, USA: ACM Press. doi: 10.1145/1940761.1940788

Blumenstock, J. E. 2012), Inferring patterns of internal migration from mobile phone call records: evidence from Rwanda

Disparities in Access and Use of Mobile phones in Rwanda. Information Technologies & International Development, 8 (2), 1â€ 16

Caceres, N.,Wideberg, J. P. and Benitez, F. G. 2007), Deriving originâ€ destination data from a mobile phone network.

Calabrese, F.,Di Lorenzo, G.,Liu, L. and Ratti, C. 2011), Estimating origin-destination flows using mobile phone location data

Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2013-2018, White paper, February 2014 Available at: http://www. cisco. com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white

David, T. 2013), Big data from Cheap Phones. Technology Review, 116 (3), 50â€ 54 De Montjoye, Y.-A.,Hidalgo, C a, Verleysen, M. and Blondel, V. D. 2013), Unique in the Crowd:

D. 2009), Inferring friendship network structure by using mobile phone data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United states of america, 106 (36), 15274â€ 8. doi:

GSMA and Deloitte (2013), Arab States Mobile Observatory 2013. Available at http://www. gsma. com/publicpolicy/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/GSMA MOBILEOBSERVATORY ARABSTATES2013. pdf

mobile phone datasets, 1â€ 6. Retrieved from: http://arxiv. org/abs/1309.4496 Harford, T. 2014), Big data:

Mao, H.,Shuai, X.,Ahn, Y.-Y. and Bollen, J. 2013), Mobile Communications Reveal the Regional Economy in Cote dâ€ Ivoire.

Mcmanus, T. E. 1990), Telephone transaction generated information: Rights and restrictions. Cambridge, MA. Retrieved from

Ofcom (2011), Measuring Mobile Broadband in the UK: performance delivered to PCS via dongles/datacards, September to

mobile phone call detail records. 13th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation systems (pp. 318â€ 323 IEEE. doi:

1. Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Fixed-telephone subscriptions refers to the sum of

active analogue fixed-telephone lines, voice -over-IP (Voip) subscriptions, fixed wireless local loop (WLL) subscriptions, ISDN voice-channel

fixed-line telephone network (and not a mobile -cellular network. In the case of Voip, it refers to

2. Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions refers to the number of subscriptions to a public mobile

-telephone service which provides access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) using cellular technology. It includes both the number

of postpaid subscriptions and the number of active prepaid accounts (i e. that have been Annex 1. ICT Development Index (IDI) methodology

all mobile-cellular subscriptions that offer voice communications. It excludes subscriptions via data cards or USB modems, subscriptions to

public mobile data services, private trunked mobile radio, telepoint, radio paging and telemetry services 3. International Internet bandwidth (bit/s) per

phones or smartphones. Household with a computer means that the computer is available for use by all members of the household at any

computer), mobile phone, games machine DIGITAL TV, etc..Access can be fixed via a or mobile network Data are obtained by countries through national

broadband and active mobile-broadband subscriptions to the public Internet â€¢Satellite broadband subscriptions refers

â€¢Active mobile-broadband subscriptions refers to the sum of standard mobile -broadband subscriptions and dedicated

mobile-broadband data subscriptions to the public Internet. It covers actual subscribers, not potential subscribers

to active mobile-cellular subscriptions with advertised data speeds of 256 kbit/s or greater that allow access to the

Prepaid mobile -broadband plans require use if there is no monthly subscription. This indicator could also include mobile Wimax subscriptions

â€¢Mobile-cellular subscriptions, which in 2013 range from 5. 6 to 304 per 100 inhabitants.

â€¢Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, which in 2013 range from zero to 124.

In line with fixed-telephone subscriptions the ideal value was defined at 60 per 100 inhabitants After normalizing the data, the individual series

Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 0. 20 Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 0. 20

â€¢ICT access is measured by fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, mobile -cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

*a Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 60 37.4 b Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 120 127.5

c International Internet bandwidth per Internet user**787'260 261'221 d Percentage of households with a computer 100 93.1

z1 Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants a/60 0. 20 0. 62 z2 Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants b/120 0. 20 1. 00

z3 International Internet bandwidth per Internet user log (c)/ 5. 90 0. 20 0. 92 z4 Percentage of households with a computer d/100 0. 20 0. 93

y1 Fixed-telephone subsriptions per 100 inhabitants z1*.*20 0. 12 y2 Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants z2*.

*20 0. 20 y3 International Internet bandwidth per Internet user z3*.*20 0. 18 y4 Percentage of households with a computer z4*.

fixed-telephone, mobile-cellular, fixed-broadband and mobile-broadband prices; the 2011 and 2012 prices were included for reference, where

the fixed-telephone, mobile-cellular and fixed-broadband sub-baskets. The IPB is the value calculated from the sum of the price

The fixed-telephone sub-basket The fixed-telephone sub-basket refers to the monthly price charged for subscribing to the

public switched telephone network (PSTN plus the cost of 30 three-minute local calls to the same (fixed) network (15 peak and 15 off

-peak calls. It is calculated as a percentage of a countryâ€ s average monthly GNI per capita, and

The fixed-telephone sub-basket does not take into consideration the onetime connection charge. This choice has been made in order to

of the fixed-telephone sub-basket The cost of a three-minute local call refers to

equipment (i e. not from a public telephone It thus refers to the amount the subscriber

take into consideration the price of a telephone set (see Annex Box 2. 1 The ICT Price Basket includes a sub-basket for

fixed telephony because fixed-telephone access remains an important access technology in its own right in a large number of countries

Additionally, the conventional fixed-telephone line is used not only for dial-up Internet access, but also as a basis for upgrading to

-telephone sub-basket can be considered as an indication for the price of dial-up Internet

The mobile-cellular sub-basket The mobile-cellular sub-basket refers to the price of a standard basket of mobile monthly

usage for 30 outgoing calls per month on-net, off-net to a fixed line and for peak

The mobile-cellular sub-basket is based on prepaid prices, although postpaid prices are used for countries where prepaid

all mobile-cellular subscriptions The mobile-cellular sub-basket is based largely on, but does not entirely follow, the 2009

methodology of the OECD low-user basket which is the entry-level basket with the smallest

Rules applied in collecting fixed-telephone prices 1. The prices of the operator with the largest market share (measured by the number of fixed-telephone subscriptions) should be

used 2. Prices should be collected in national currency, including taxes. 3 3. Only residential, single user prices should be collected.

4. From all fixed-telephone plans meeting the above-mentioned criteria, the cheapest postpaid plan on the basis of 30 local calls (15

the cheapest option available, the mobile -cellular sub-basket therefore corresponds to a basic, representative (low-usage) package

OECD mobile-cellular low-user call distribution (2009 methodology Note: N/A: Not applicable Source:

will be taken into consideration for the calculation of the mobile-cellular sub-basket 4. If per-minute prices are advertised only in internal units rather than in national currency,

then this is taken into consideration in the formula for the mobile-cellular sub-basket, based

the mobile-cellular sub-basket formula will be calculated on the basis of 30 calls or 50.9 minutes.

3. Mobile-broadband prices In 2012, for the first time, ITU collected mobile -broadband prices through its annual ICT Price

for each respective mobile-broadband plan The guiding idea is to base each plan on what

5. Mobile-broadband prices should be collected from the operator with the largest market share in the country, measured by the

number of mobile-broadband subscriptions. If this information is not available, mobile-broadband prices should be collected

from the mobile-cellular operator with the largest market share (measured by the number of mobile-cellular subscriptions) in

6. Different operators can be chosen, for a different mobile-broadband service, if: a) there are differing market leaders for specific

8. Where operators propose different commitment periods for postpaid mobile-broadband plans, the 12-month plan (or the closest

services besides mobile-broadband access, these should be specified in a note 15. Prices refer to a regular (non-promotional) plan

Special prices that apply to a certain type of phone (iphone/Blackberry, ipad) should be excluded

8 Data for fixed-telephone, mobile-cellular and fixed-broadband have been collected since 2008 through the ITU ICT Price

Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants International Internet bandwidth

Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2012 1) Incl. 524 958 WLL subscriptions. 2) Incl. payphone, excl.

Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2013 1) Incl. 420 000 WLL subscriptions. 2) Incl. payphone, excl.

separate ISDN channels (abonnements au tã lã phone fixe. 15) Excl. ISDN channels and fixed wireless subscriptions. 16

Excl. 2 720 698 prepaid cards that are used to provide Travel SIM/World Mobile service. 9) Excl. data-only SIM CARDS and M2m

undividable. 15) Decrease was due to registration of SIMS. 16) Figure obtained from all five mobile (GSM & CDMA) operators

voice or data communication in the last month. 5) By December 2013.6) Incl. all mobile cellular subscriptions that

13) Figure obtained from all four mobile (GSM & CDMA) operators currently providing service in the country. 14) Break in comparability.

Assistant (PDA) and other devices for Internet connection (e g. smartphone, game console and e-book reader.

Refers to access at home, on cell phone or other mobile device and via mobile modem. 10) Census data. 11) Excl. households which didnâ€ t know type of internet access 172 346 households

connection (e g. smartphone, game console and e-book reader Use indicators Percentage of individuals using the Internet, 2012

mobile broadband. 4) Total number of EDGE/GPRS subscribers: 97 520.5) Break in comparability: from this year incl.

satellite. 6) Change in definition, break in comparability. 7) High use of mobile phones to access the internet. 8) Incl.

Box and RLANS. 9) Break in comparability, from this year incl. prepaid mobile-broadband subscriptions. 10) Incl. subscriptions

to Wifi hotspots. 11) Methodology changed from ability to have mobile broadband to actual mobile broadband usage

12) Satellite, BWA and active mobile subscriptions. 13) Estimate based on partial SIT data and ITU estimates. 14) Speeds

/Data refer to the sum of fixed wireless broadband and active mobile -broadband subscriptions. 16) Incl. mobile broadband and Wimax. 17) Estimate. 18) ETL and LTC. 19) Incl. narrowband

connections. 20) Drop in mobile-broadband subscriptions because in 2011 the operator offered free Internet access for a

limited amount of time so that many people used the free service. 21) Preliminary. 22) Mobile broadband only.

but data are not available. 23) Operators data/ictqatar estimate. 24) Refers to active mobile-broadband

subscriptions only. 25.dec 26) Incl. 4125165 active mobile-broadband subscriptions plus 3203 Wimax subscriptions. Excl satellite subscriptions. 27) Excl. satellite and fixed wireless. 28) Incl. mobile subscriptions with potential access

12) Satellite, BWA and active mobile subscriptions. 13) Incl. VSAT. 14) Speeds greater than, or equal to, 512 Kbps

effect from 18th july 2013.16) Data refer to the sum of fixed wireless broadband and active mobile-broadband subscriptions

17) 2013 data is an estimate as of June 30, 2013.18) Incl. mobile broadband and Wimax. 19) Estimate based on 1. Standard

data. 21) Per June 2013.22) Mobile broadband only. Fixed wireless and satellite exist but data are not available. 23) Operatorsâ€

anticipate that Mobile broadband and terrestrial fixed broadband services would be in place by the end of 2014.27) OFCOM

active mobile-broadband subscriptions plus 3175 Wimax International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations

4. 2 Fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices 4. 3 Broadband prices 4. 4 Income inequality and broadband prices

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