Long-term evolution

Bluetooth (13)
Cellular network (263)
Long-term evolution (101)
Radio-frequency identification (140)
Wimax (57)
Wireless access point (3)
Wireless application protocol (8)
Wireless communication (265)

Synopsis: Ict: Communication systems: Wireless communication: Long-term evolution:

and 3g, LTE/4g, and other mobile telephone communication protocols. V. COMPARATIVE METRICS FOR THE U s. VERSUS EUROPE Making the grid smarter requires considering all aspects of smart grids as part of the decision-making process.

Box 3. The LTE patent pool A good example of a complex patent pool is the LTE (Long-term evolution) pool

LTE has been standardised by 3gpp, and more than 350 companies have participated in the working groups. LTE IPR declarations on the ETSI database are 1, 860 as of January 11th, 2010.

The following graph exemplifies the number of IPR declarations on the LTE project. Figure 16.

Number of IPR declarations in the LTE consortium, as of January 2010 Source: Sisvel, presentation at the 4th meeting of the CEPS Task force, 14 january 2010.

A NEW APPROACH TO INNOVATION POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 75 One important issue for the LTE patent pooling is setting the appropriate Royalty Rate.

Different methods for doing this are the following: •Some players*stated that the maximum royalty acceptable from the market is a single digit%(e g. â¤10%.

using the LTE case as an example. Figure 17. LTE royalty level †different scenarios No patent pool 2 patent pools and outside patent owners 76 STANDARDS AND STANDARDISATION POLICY IN EUROPE 1 patent

pool and outside patent owners Ideal Scenario Source: Sisvel, presentation at the 4th meeting of the CEPS Task force, 14 january 2010.5.2 European standardisation In terms of standardisation policy,

KET Key Enabling Technology KIC Knowledge and Innovation Community LDC Less Developed Country LTE Long-term evolution standard MNC Multinational Corporation NPL Non-Patent

G#3v 7202 Long-term evolution 0#4#4g long term evolution Long-term evolution 0#4#4g lte Long-term evolution 0#4#long-term evolution Long-term evolution

0#4#lte Long-term evolution G#3v 7203 Radio-frequency identification 0#4#radio frequency identification Radio-frequency identification

0#4#rfid Radio-frequency identification G#3v 7204 Wimax 0#4#wimax Wimax G#3v 7205 Wireless access point

0#4#wireless access point Wireless access point G#3v 7206 Wireless application protocol 0#4#wap Wireless application protocol 0#4#wireless application protocol Wireless application protocol

G#3v 7207 Wireless communication 0#4#wifi Wireless communication 0#4#wi-fi Wireless communication 0#4#wireless Wireless communication

prevent or delay the adoption of new technologies, such as 4G LTE mobile broadband networks. The European union has been hampered by regulatory mandates that specified

and LTE was not initially allowed by these mandates; a similar problem occurred with the European 3g

spectrum for LTE and modifying regulations to permit LTE use on previous allocations is still underway in Europe.

Predicted LTE coverage in 2020 39 Figure 12: Broadband adoption (lines) by technology and Member State 40

•Wireless systems benefit from deployment of LTE, and eventually from the deployment of LTE-Advanced

The relative cost of achieving each of the DAE objectives with each of these technologies

•For wireless broadband, the footprint of LTE and LTE-Advanced can be expected to be at least as broad in 2020 as that of 2g and 3g networks today

LTE was more expensive than fixed solutions where population density exceeded 3, 000 inhabitants per square

LTE-2. 6 GHZ EUR 6 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE Aggregate incremental cost of achieving DAE objectives for the EU as a whole, with

A more technologically neutral approach to the DAE, drawing on cable and LTE, could provide real benefits

LTE/LTE -Advanced Long-term-Evolution, the newest standards for wireless communication of high-speed data Mbps Mega bit per second (one million bits per second

â Wireless systems benefit from deployment of LTE, and eventually from the deployment of LTE-Advanced

â The relative cost of achieving each of the DAE objectives with each of these

â For wireless broadband, the footprint of LTE and LTE-Advanced can be expected to be at least as broad in 2020 as that of 2g and 3g networks today

technologies such as LTE or Wimax are becoming progressively more capable over time, but they are ignored sometimes in discussions of the DAE

The migration to LTE, and then to LTE Advanced, represents a substantial increase in the nominal speed of wireless

data transmission, and also in efficiency in terms of bits per Hertz. Typical realistically achievable speeds are less than those that are theoretically achievable,

LTE 10-100 Source: TNO/WIK. 43 As we explain in Section 4. 2. 4,

to either LTE or LTE Advanced 42 RSPG, â€oerspg Report on Improving Broadband Coverageâ€, RSPG11-393 Final, 16 november 2011

The coverage of LTE or LTE Advanced wireless in Europe can be expected to be at least

density, or hard to reach locations can be served using LTE or LTE Advanced; however there will predictably be locations that cannot even be served cost-effectively by LTE

Figure 11: Predicted LTE coverage in 2020 Source: Yardley et al. 2012b 49 Nomadicity is the ability to use the service at different locations at different times,

but not the ability to use it while in motion 50 See Yardley, M. et al.

LTE was more expensive than fixed solutions where population density exceeded 3, 000 inhabitants per square kilometre (Km2.

and using wireless (LTE at 2. 6 GHZ Population density plays a huge role in these costs.

They found that LTE was more expensive than fixed solutions where population density exceeded 3, 000 inhabitants

LTE-2. 6 GHZ EUR 61 If, however, one assumes that there is a requirement for guaranteed bandwidth of 10

LTE costs are highly sensitive to overall bandwidth requirements, and thus even more sensitive than fixed

LTE-2. 6 GHZ EUR 62 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE 6. 2 Overall incremental deployment costs

example, the Advanced scenario could be met with ADSL2, LTE, VDSL2, Eurodocsis 3. 0, FTTB, and FTTH,

Feijoo/Gomez-Barroso also found that completing the network with LTE would cost â 10.5 billion;

however, the more realistic design would use LTE only in low density areas below 50 inh/Km2

particular Fibre-to-the-Home, upgraded Cable, Fibre-to-the-Cabinet and LTE. †81

such as LTE. †85 They go on to provide concrete examples of their intent to threaten the

Breitbandtechnologien wie LTE. †86 Interview with Swisscom CEO Carsten Schloter, Edition 28/2008: Die Weltwoche, â€oewir haben ja teilweise massiv

high bandwidth, such as long-term evolution (LTE) networks (ITU Trends 2014 5 Data collection on Europe and North america will follow in 2014

five IDI countries (see Chart 2. 1). In terms of LTE population coverage, Denmark stands way above

and LTE was offered first in 2011. Two years after commercializing the first LTE network, leading operator SK TELECOM

reported that it passed the 10 million LTE subscriber mark in April 2013; this represents

37 per cent of its total mobile subscriber base Full coverage having being achieved (by April

2012, LTE was available nationwide), the wireless -broadband market is showing signs of saturation with little growth over the past years.

first LTE-Advanced Networkâ€, with speeds of up to 150 Mbit/s. In 2014, the Vice-president of the

the population was covered by an LTE network. 12 Denmark, Sweden and Finland are the countries

with the highest LTE coverage in the European region (European commission, 2014a The European commission is partnering with the

-broadband networks †in Qatar LTE is available throughout the entire country9 †Algeria and Djibouti had launched not yet mobile

LTE services were launched in the Russian Federation in 2012.22 The highest growth in wireless -broadband penetration from 2012 to 2013 took

LTE services to customers. The top five countries in the world in terms of fixed-broadband penetration (Monaco, Switzerland, Denmark

LTE licences or further extended 3g coverage in 2013, spurring growth in the mobile sector

It was an early adopter of LTE technology and coverage was extended massively throughout the country in 2013.

Verizon had achieved 97 per cent LTE population coverage, and the majority of all data traffic is

carried by the LTE network. 27 Very high increases were reported by Brazil, where 40 million new

LTE services were first launched in the country in early 2013.28 Antigua and Barbuda (from 23 per cent to 49 per cent

27 http://www. verizonwireless. com/wcms/consumer/4g lte. html and http://www. telecompaper. com/news/verizon-wireless

-lte-reaches-500-markets--952458 28 http://www. rcrwireless. com/article/20121214/carriers/claro-first-launch-lte-services-brazil

/Endnotes 107 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 Chapter 4. ICT prices and the role of

advanced technologies (such as LTE-Advanced and Wirelessman-Advanced) that allow more efficient use of spectrum

mobile technologies †IMT-Advanced †such as LTE-Advanced and Wirelessman-Advanced. For more details on these

3g, LTE) employed. Mobile network operators can use the IMEI number to identify the specific mobile handset being used by a subscriber

3g, LTE-Advanced, etc. but also on the types of service that subscribers are using, and the

technology (e g. 2g, 3g, LTE), and it can be used for the collective categorization of handsets

LTE subscriptions from ENTEL. 6) Change in definition, break in comparability. 7) 2012 figures Still auditing the 2013 figures. 8) Incl.

WCDMA, LTE, dedicated mobile-broadband and fixed wireless. 9) CRC estimation as of 31.12.2013. speeds equal to or greater than 144 kbit/s/.10) Estimate. 11) Estimate.

LTE), allowing for mobility, and extending the levels of access coverage Thus the primary objective of the National Plan for the Development of NGN Infrastructure is the

available to 96.2%of Romanian population (96.3%in the EU). Meanwhile, 4th generation (LTE) was

development of LTE coverage, driving fixed to mobile substitution However, the low purchasing power, the demographic

Car infotainment systems embedded with 4G LTE and wireless hotspots will be integrated more seamlessly with home monitoring

However, the flat nature of LTE and LTE-A architectures concerns only the control plane but not the user plane:

LTE is linked to the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in the 3gpp system evolution, and in EPC

the main packet switched core network functional entities are still remaining central -ized, keeping user IP traffic anchored.

-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) or LTE (Long term Evolution) base stations (enodebs) became distributed in a flatter scheme allowing

-nents could be compared much cheaper to HSPA and LTE devices today because of the economy of scale.

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