The euheart project is building computer models of the diseased heart to personalise and optimise the selection of the most indicated treatment in several cardiovascular
Computer models integrate heart behaviour and the aorta at molecular, cellular, tissue and organ level. These models
•Consolidation of an open source modular Health Information Sharing Platform supporting organizational interoperability among actors and clinical decision support
Independent living is also at the core of the Rosetta project, which specifically addressed people with progressive chronic disabilities, helping them to keep their
•An advanced awareness and prevention service, e g. smart cameras to monitor users†activities •An early detection system to monitor behaviours
•Runtime support, a software environment providing services for the execution of AAL applications •Development support,
better using devices they are more familiar with, such as TV screens and remote controls. The T-Seniority pilot project developed a solution based on DIGITAL TV
The GUIDE (â€oegentle user interfaces for elderly peopleâ€) project is creating a software framework and design tools which allow developers to efficiently integrate accessibility
phase and the software framework is being showcased at events around Europe such as IFA 2012, a leading trade show for Consumer Electronics and Home appliances
avatars, second screen multi-touch devices and gyroscopic remote controls GUIDE puts a dedicated focus on the emerging Web & TV platforms and services (Connected
the platform widget is made available also on social media channels and mobile devices Puzzled by Policy Users can compare graphically their views on immigration with national and EU immigration
policies, as well as with the opinions of relevant stakeholders. The platform is customised for Greece, Hungary, Italy and Spain, where the users can refer to their national language
Commission will establish a network of Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTS), also for European institutions
Trust is the core of social and economic activity in the Internet, and is the basis of economic transactions
their native scalability and fault tolerance characteristics. In doing this, the project will put special emphasis on privacy, trust,
and their underlying software-based service platforms, are a prerequisite for the use and uptake of innovative business models
%The SAVE ENERGY project uses a serious game (virtual computer game used for professional training purposes) with an engaging virtual
buildings are equipped with sensors, meters and control devices to monitor overall energy use. The real time data gathered is then centralised
dissemination of data in which the mechanical, lighting, electrical and computer systems are designed for maximum energy efficiency and minimum environmental
%saving in the energy consumption of servers and network devices in comparison with a traditionally managed data centre and an additional
servers are turned off and automatically restarted when load increases http://www. fit4green. eu Funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7
based on the powers of computers and telecoms, can make a major difference to these figures For example, the European Commission†s ecall system saves lives by having the car
technologies (hardware and software) that allow for electronic communication, data collection and processing in distributed networks (e g.
distributed modes, the latter enabling participation in such conferencing from one†s computer as opposed to a videoconference room,
computers, tele-servicing Possibly reduces travel during work. May cause increase of long distance travel because of more on the move-move working
music, software; may add an extra mode Delivery may be reorganized to decrease transport demand; but if time
Monitors obstacles in the road network and sends help (persons and freight Give information on changing
into an onboard computer system and used to make it nearly impossible for the vehicle to crash
systems that monitor speed, braking performance and weather conditions, and automatically adjust the amount and type of lighting as a warning (active lighting
The irish Computer Society, an ICT Industry group was established in mid-2009 to report on the role that Healthcare ICT can play in delivering a world class health system to the
The irish Computer Society for their role in the initiative, and Enterprise Ireland, BT and Microsoft for the provision of physical and electronic facilities to support the activities of
the group The essential tenet of the document is that lives can be saved, patient care outcomes improved
the long term outlook is indeed bleak Looking at some of the problems in more detail, we note that some 60%of the public
A number of key technologies were identified as proven catalysts to significant healthcare improvement, efficiently and effectively meeting the increasing demands of
Communications, is defined as the computer system that allows direct entry of medical orders by the person with the licensure and privileges to do so.
into a computer, at the point of care, has the benefit of reducing errors by minimising the
Informatics technologies which have an EHR at their core, the Trinity Health Group have been able automate
From either a wireless phone or a computer screen on the ward, the medical staff will be able to see some basic details of the patient
Enterprise-wide collaboration software Overview The Secretaria Municipal de Saã de de Belo Horizonte (SMSA-BH), reorganised its
Doctors use the software's instant messaging capability to consult with each other for quick questions or opinions in a secure real-time environment.
Increasing availability by Reducing Hospitalisation Bed-days through Computer-based Patient Record with Computerised Physician/Provider Order Entry
Record/Computer-based Patient Record Over 800,000 unnecessary laboratory tests on patients could be avoided in England
IBM IMS MAXIMS Intel Microsoft Oracle PA Consulting Pricewaterhousecoopers Total Training Xyea ICT€ s Role in Healthcare Transformation
Report of the Health ICT Industry Group Page 32 Appendix B Companies who have reviewed the report
and wish to be associated with the content -Bearingpoint eircom Helix Health Hewlett packard Financial services IBEC IMEC Technologies
Irish Software Assocation isoft Lincor Solutions MANITEX Silicon & Software systems (S3 Slã¡inte Technologies System Dynamics
WP/14/79 European Productivity, Innovation and Competitiveness: The Case of Italy Andrew Tiffin  2013 International monetary fund WP/14/79
mobile devices to next generation gene sequencing. The creation of national/regional EHR infrastructures such as RHIO€ s in the US, the NHS Spine project in the United
commercial Web-based personal health record (PHR) systems such as Microsoft Healthvault. These applications process, store
anytime anywhere on their mobile devices New technologies for genome sequencing will make possible that everyone†s ge
Home healthcare services monitor patients and gather data that is interpreted by medical professionals. Health and well
-posium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, IEEE (2008) 318†323 9. Reiter, H.,Maglaveras, N.:
Compliance and eï €ectiveness in HF and CAD closed-loop management. In: Proceedings of Annual International Conference of the IEEE
balance, internal factors are likely to be more important core determinants of whether innovation plays a key role in success
The core objective of this paper is to ascertain the relationship between innovation and firm growth in the identified SME sectors.
5. 2. Countries have adopted a range of different approaches to monitor ICT adoption...116 5. 3. Common information needs are reflected in a core set of widely
used indicators...119 5. 4. Improving comparability of data on ICT in health: What options?..
Box 2. 4. Open source health ICTS...64 Box 2. 5. The progressive introduction of interoperability provides a
CAD Canadian dollar CCHIT Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology CDM Chronic disease management CITL Center for Information technology Leadership
CAD 4 400 (Canadian dollars) to CAD 3 966 per patient Reducing operating costs of clinical services
systems or between versions of the same software. It must also be gathered consistently if it is to permit effective secondary analysis of health data
ICTS is one of the core challenges to achieving widespread adoption of high-performing ICT initiatives
%of the region†s rural private physician†s offices through a CAD 1. 2 million
physicians are still using their computers mainly for billing or other administrative tasks Despite the promise they hold out, the implementation of ICTS in clinical
an average of CAD 4 400 (Canadian dollars) to CAD 3 966 per patient. In Canada, a relatively modest investment in IT has led to a major rapid change
PACS is a computer system that replaces conventional x-ray film, and greatly improves access to patient information by making it possible for referring clinicians to review their
Although more and more patient data are held on computer systems, traditionally, quality data is collected and analysed retrospectively on the basis of
Computer-Based Intervention to Reduce Utilization of Redundant Laboratory Testsâ€, American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 106
software/hardware, and patient management systems provided over the web via an application service provider (ASP
MAEHC reports hardware and software costs of approximately USD 30 700, plus another USD 12 100 for support
and certified a panel of five vendors from which primary care physicians must purchase their EMR
hardware and software start-up costs of approximately USD 15 500 plus an annual fee of almost USD 4 000 the first year, rising to almost USD 6 000
selected, the EMRS funded by PITO include all of the core elements of a fully functional EHR, with the exception of three of the main functions
One the basis of advice from an expert panel, in 2008 Desroches and colleagues defined
Hardware 22 800 6 364 Software & implementaion 17 200 9 091 Annual support/License 5 600 3 709 (1st year
/5 836 (2nd year & beyond Source: MAEHC and PITO (the PITO programme is only available to physicians in
between CAD 255 and 415 per month. At higher prices, interest dropped off dramatically Improved efficiency, better access to medical information and faster chronic patient data
Low=CAD 255 Med=CAD 415 High=CAD 575 Low=CAD 415 Med=CAD 575
High=CAD 690 Low=CAD 7 200 Med=CAD 11 200 High=CAD 15 200
Source: Keshavjee et al. 1998 2. 4. Cross-system link-ups remain a serious problem While health care organisations are equipped increasingly with
ICT products and systems, linking them remains a serious problem Information systems in separate health care business entities must be able to
exchange clinical information on patients, i e. be interoperable, if value is to be attained as a result of introducing ICT in clinical settings.
Consistent CHAPTER 2. WHAT PREVENTS COUNTRIES FROM IMPROVING EFFICIENCY THROUGH ICTS? †61 IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES Â OECD 2010 implementation of standards and appropriate organisational changes are
necessary to facilitate this process Different computer systems are said to be interoperable when they can exchange data with and use data from other systems.
Simply converting data from a paper format to a digital format is not enough to ensure
interoperability. Interoperability depends primarily on all the computer systems that need to exchange information being able to communicate.
The rules that specify how to send information back and forth need to be defined This obviously involves technology issues,
These EMR software platforms were largely incompatible with each other, and were not interoperable. They had to be modified to
the development of open source health care software with several initial successes. Open source software is developed with an open code that is made
available, at no cost, in the public domain to download and change as needed and again share with the community.
health records systems, open source could provide a possible reference point 1. The term â€oeopen standard†as used here refers to the nature of the standard†s
level of access to its specifications for ready promulgation in a variety of hardware and software.
It does not necessarily imply freely available or royalty-free. The term â€oeopen standard†is coupled sometimes with â€oeopen source†with the idea that
if it does not have a complete free/open source reference implementation available 64 †CHAPTER 2. WHAT PREVENTS COUNTRIES FROM IMPROVING EFFICIENCY THROUGH ICTS
Making open source software such as EHRS available as an option for physicians offers significantly lower upfront costs.
mean free software for everyone, nor it necessarily implies higher guarantees of reliability and quality than commercial products.
source software depends on the community of developers who participates in its development (California Health care Foundation, 2006.
for more open source development of EHRS (see Box 2. 4 Even when standards are available,
Box 2. 4. Open source health ICTS Examples of open source software that have been developed and are being widely
deployed, include EMR software such as OSCAR, Freemed, Vista and other software such as Medline, Epi-X and others.
To this effect, a 2002 NHS Information Authority paper on â€oeopen Source Software and the NHS€ concluded:
â€oeopen source health care applications would provide healthy competition to the existing closed source commercial market, encouraging
More recently in the United states, the success of the open source Vista EHR software developed by the US Veterans Administration,
implementations of open source technologies for their own use. In another sign of increasing support for open source software, the Certification Commission for Healthcare Information
Technology (CCHIT) has created recently three separate pathways to electronic health records certification. The first is still the traditional route for most commercial products but
the other two pathways were created with open source developers in mind, making their software potentially eligible under incentive programmes with funding guidelines calling for
such certification CHAPTER 2. WHAT PREVENTS COUNTRIES FROM IMPROVING EFFICIENCY THROUGH ICTS? †65 IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY:
PC-based exchange of scanned documents or manual faxing, pictures, portable document format PDF 3 Machine-organisable data †transmission of structured messages containing non-standardised data;
or PC-based exchange of files in incompatible/proprietary file formats HL-7 messages 4 Machine-interpretable data †transmission of structured messages containing standardised
As a recent Microsoft survey revealed, a large majority of the US public wants electronic access to their personal health information †both for
access is likely to increase the quality of the care they receive (Microsoft Corporation, 2009.
California Health care Foundation (2006), Open source Software: A Primer for Health care Leaders, ihealth Reports Center for Democracy & Technology (2008), â€oecomprehensive Privacy and
Institute of Medicine (1997), The Computer-Based Patient Record: An Essential Technology for Health care, National Academy Press
Microsoft Corporation/Kelton Research (2009), â€oehealth Engagement Survey 2009â€, Microsoft corp.,, Redmond, WA. available at www. microsoft. com/presspass/presskits/industries/healthandlifesciences
/docs/MSHEALTHENGAGEMENTSURVEY2009. ppt OECD (2007), â€oeimproved Health System Performance through Better Care Coordinationâ€, OECD Health Working papers No. 30, Directorate for
Employment, Labour and Social affairs, OECD Publishing www. oecd. org/els/health/workingpapers Rosen, B. 1989), â€oeprofessional Reimbursement and Professional Behavior
Smith, C. 2002), â€oeopen Source Software and the NHS: White paper National Health Service Information Authorityâ€, available at
encourages incremental compliance by software suppliers with the National e-Health Transition Authority (NEHTA) standards and specifications, with
computers for clinical purposes. Most practices had computer software and hardware to perform administrative and clinical functions, and most (78.3
%had speed a high Internet connection. Over half these practices (55.6%)had received a PIP payment for information technology/information
management, and nearly a third (31.5%)had received payments through another incentives programme intended to stimulate broadband uptake
found that only 31.0%of practices had computers, most of which were being used for administrative purposes only.
uptake of computers to access crucial patient information at point of care and to support clinical decision in general practice over about half a decade
responsible for the significant levels of adoption of computers and patient management systems by GPS in rural Western australia.
80%of WA practices were using computers for clinical care and not just for practice administration (Figure 3. 1). This number has been growing since
A total of CAD 108 million was committed for 2006-12 to be disbursed gradually over the duration of the programme.
The hardware reimbursement levels were established based on real costs incurred by a representative group of practices, large and small in
web-based software developed by the B c. Health Ministry with a Health Canada†s Primary Health care Transition Fund grant.
MOA time is compensated at CAD 20/hour as an expense to the GP Direct payments to spur use of the CDM Toolkit
since the inception of the programme in 2003, received a onetime payment of CAD 7 500
/telephone follow up management fee at a rate of CAD 15 (payable up to a maximum of four
whose patient panels consist of at least a minimum threshold of low-income individuals and families who
costs associated with in-office installation of EHR software/hardware which are more significant than those incurred for an ASP-based EMR by
USD 1. 10 CAD 86 †CHAPTER 3. ALIGNING INCENTIVES WITH HEALTH SYSTEM PRIORITIES IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY:
actually negative at CAD 1. 5 billion, having reached a positive cash flow by year seven and
CAD 20 billion This is further supported by a 2007 study by Pricewaterhouse Coopers of nearly
Use of Computers for Prescribing and Electronic Health Records Results from a National Surveyâ€, Medical Journal of Australia
Meetingâ€, Powerpoint presentation at AHRQ Annual Meeting, Bethesda Maryland CHAPTER 4. ENABLING A SECURE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION †97
as well as meeting software and hardware compatibility requirements. However though the MAEHC had done an extensive job researching the vendors and making final
•Certification addresses the full range of products †open source, self -developed, modular, and other vendor.
open source developers, often don't understand why they need to go through the expense of detailed certification processes and possibly
5. http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt/gateway/PTARGS 0 11113 881027 0 0 18/CA SUMMARY 071409. pdf, accessed January 2010
ensure is a baseline of core functionalities and specifications that could be used to achieve interoperability.
http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt? open=512&objid=1269&&pageid=1650 1&mode=2&in hi userid=11113&cached=true, accessed January 2010
•Reducing the risk of data loss in physician offices caused by human, hardware or
software failure •Working with stakeholders to update the Vendor Conformance and Usability Requirements (VCUR) for physician's offices.
The MAEHC has focused on the core messages that appealed to all of the focus groups convenience and data security.
system that ranged from an estimated CAD 133 in Canada as of 2009 to CAD 570 per
2009, exchange rate CAD 1. 10; 8. Source: Department of health and Ageing, Australia; 9 2009-10, exchange rate AUD 1. 19;
2010, exchange rate CAD 1. 10; 12. NAO, through December 2015, exchange rate GBP 0. 61 13.2007
monitor ICT adoption Analysis of surveys from nine OECD countries (Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Finland, New zealand, Norway, Sweden, and United states
the OECD study also use routine administrative data to monitor ICT adoption. This approach may represent a low cost alternative way for
Activity by OECD countries national statistics offices to monitor ICT use in the health sector has been limited generally. 8 With few
5. 3. Common information needs are reflected in a core set of widely used indicators The OECD analysis clearly shows that the way countries are currently
Nonetheless, it is possible to identify a core set of indicators widely used in these surveys.
way to improve the availability and comparability of data for a core set of indicators on
use of core modules allows measurement on an internationally comparable basis, additional modules and new indicators within existing modules can be added to respond to evolving or
While the use of core modules allows the measurement on an internationally comparable basis, additional modules and new indicators
/portal/server. pt? open=512&objid=1149&mode=2, accessed 9 june 2009 George, D. and N. Austin-Bishop (2003), â€oeerror Rates for Computerized
promising potentialâ€, Powerpoint presentation to OECD Expert Meeting on ICT in the Health Sector, Paris
Centre for Software Practice (UWA Centre) provided dedicated technical support under a not-for-profit partnership agreement
A 2001 study found that 86%of Australian general practices had at least one computer and projections indicated that within two years,
most practices had the computer software and hardware to perform administrative and clinical functions, and most (78.3%)had speed a high internet connection.
Furthermore GSGPN survey results from 2006 indicated over 80%of Western australia practices using computers for both clinical and administrative functions
Background and benefits The Great Southern Managed Health Network (GSMHN) was established in 2007 as a not-for-profit association between the Great
Australia (UWA) Centre for Software Practice The goals of the project were to achieve •Secure messaging and increased collaboration between health
UWA Centre for Software Practice had been a critical, if not major factor in the successful implementation of the project, both for the enthusiastic
extensive expertise in software development 132 †ANNEX A. COUNTRY CASE STUDIES IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY:
The CDM â€oeself-evaluation†toolkit is based a web software developed by the B c. Health Ministry.
Physician Connect began in 2004 with a CAD 1. 2 million Primary Health care Transition Fund (PHTCF) grant.
services for people with complications is approximately CAD 776 million each year. By 2016, direct health care costs to treat patients with diabetes in
CAD 1. 38 billion In addressing the challenges posed, the Physician Connect effort has created a value proposition for all key stakeholders.
coupled with practice management software to link all clinical and administrative practice functions in one seamless health
package to promote the purchase of computers and the use of electronic medical records. This package included an extra per capita fee for each
if the GP used a computer. Together, these incentives represented an EUR 8. 000 average increase in a physician†s
purchase of a computer; and, 3) participate in data collection and reporting In addition, until 2008, physicians could also receive an additional 25 cent
traditional in-office installation of software/hardware and installation through an external application service provider (ASP.
accessed through the central search engine which can locate and extract the data from local databases.
Countries have adopted a range of different approaches to monitor ICT adoption Common information needs are reflected in a core set of widely used indicators
Improving comparability of data on ICT in health: What options References Annex A. Country case studies
panels and as hosts for peer reviews. This has extended the community of users beyond the
and ii) a computer or web interface, linking sites, searches and application forms together Mentoring type service delivery and on-line
•Computer or web interfaces on the other hand are relatively cheap to run but still need staff to
Computer or web interfaces are suited in the following circumstances †when††Clients are computer and internet savvy
†Access to broadband services are widespread †Clients that are sophisticated more require funding and limited advice rather than
Outlook Economics (d) Mckinsey e Gas ï ï ï ï ï Food & beverage processing ï ï ï
d) Outlook Economics (2014, unpublished), AUS-M. Distribution services includes wholesale and retail trade transport, and postal and warehousing.
control, operate and monitor complex and hazardous working environments. The company specialises in simulation and visualisation technology, which allows
than 7 per cent of value add in 2011-12 (Australian Workforce and Productivity Agency 2013). ) Technology and communication will continue to facilitate the provision of legal
wall panels; and a range of other building-related products By virtue of operating in all States and Territories
The Framework will apply to Commonwealth regulators that administer, monitor or enforce regulation. The Framework uses six outcome-based performance indicators that
software globally. The firm†s applications and consulting services help to administer financial products for the investment, superannuation
and its software is used to manage more than A$2. 5 trillion in assets Further proposals
and its capacity to focus on core functions rather than red tape, can be improved We rank well on teaching, research and citations,
$3. 5 million to encourage the introduction of computer coding across different year levels in
advanced activities such as software development and business consulting. Successful entrepreneurs often start small and then grow their businesses
) Gov. Malloy Announces Collaboration with IBM to Launch State†s First P-Tech Model School in Norwalk.
of China†s food demand to 2050, conference paper, 44th ABARES Outlook conference Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences.
Outlook Economics. 2014 unpublished. Aus-M. Canberra: Outloook Economics Palangkaraya, A.,Spurling, T, . & Webster, E. 2014).
of the Expert Panel. Canberra: Commonwealth of australia World bank. 2014a). ) World bank Data. Retrieved August 2014, from Gross capital formation
There are also search engines that help to find courses, for example the Course Locator (there is a charge) http://www. thecourselocator. co. uk
Also the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) monitors and benchmarks Member country technology and innovation policies and assesses their impact on eco
network and computers Problem: The district was seeking a â€oehealth check†of their technology systems for hardware, software
and network infrastructure as well as IT policies, procedures and organisational structure. They wan -ted to verify that the stand-alone technology decisions over the last seven years functioned as a â€oesys
ï Effects on core activities, distraction ï Reliability of data, plan predictability ï Moral, commitment, leadership
2. The facilitator displays a set of standard process analysis questions. The team reviews the questions, adds,
Software tools to hold a brainstorming session Conceptdraw MINDMAP, Conceptual Map software Brainstorming forms The forms of brainstorming are:
classical brainstorming and advanced brainstorming Classical Brainstorming is the brainstorming until now discussed. Advanced brainstorming is a better
ï Brainstorming software tools: brainstorming toolbox, software to generate conceptual maps ï Creative thinking techniques:
random word technique, random picture technique, False Rules technique, scamper method, analogies, role play, Alexander technique more info
The core idea is to â€oeforget†everything we have learnt and retained when thinking about a possible
-tem of the computer of the person for whom you would leave the message and which automatically
starts when switching on the computer? By the way, why does need she/he a switch to switch the
computer on (mechanically? Couldn†t it be an optical, acoustical, chemical or biological starter†Oh yes, a biological starter!
My fingerprint to start the computer! So many passwords always changing which is often the problem †no problem anymore with login or stolen passwords with my unique and
For example the chat room software"msn messenger"(free from Mi -crosoft) can be very powerful in allowing people in remote sites to have online conversations
Microsoft Net meeting-another free software application-is a simpler alternative Video: One of the best ways to transfer knowledge is through the use of stories.
exercises and intel -lectually challenging games Seek new things to do, and new ways of
For example, computer-services company EDS has instituted a fellows program to recog -nize innovative individuals who can serve as mentors for aspiring innovators in the company.
panel television technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of each are added (the advantages using positive and the disadvantage negative numbers.
though, the Plasma screen actually obtained a better score. When using weight -ing, the total sum of the weights applied has to amount to 1. This ensures that the distribution of the
light displays using a point rating system ï http://www. sethkahan. com/Kahan mariestopes povertygrading. pdf-this document presents
ï Product Engineering where product plans are transformed into blueprints or CAD-drawings then into prototypes and ultimately into real parts and components
programme, †says Roman Meister, ENERGEX Retail Marketing Manager. â€oeemp packages hardware and software into one product which monitors all energy inputs and costs, providing instant access to
information on energy usage, power quality, billing verification, on-charging and greenhouse gas emissions. Managers can have access to volumes of data but still lack quality information about one of
and the core process development team should not just represent one functional group otherwise process buy in will be affected adversely
physical models from Computer-aided design (CAD) data. These"three dimensional printers"allow designers to quickly create tangible prototypes of their designs, rather than just two-dimensional pic
-tures. Such models have numerous uses. They make excellent visual aids for communicating ideas with co-workers or customers.
techniques are referred often collectively to as solid free-form fabrication, computer automated manu -facturing, or layered manufacturing
A software package"slices"the CAD model into a number of thin (0. 1 mm) layers,
1. Create a CAD model of the design 2. Convert the CAD model to STL format
3. Slice the STL file into thin cross-sectional layers 4. Construct the model one layer atop another
CAD Model Creation: First, the object to be built is modeled using a Computer-aided design (CAD software package. Solid modelers,
such as Pro/ENGINEER, tend to represent 3-D objects more accu -rately than wire-frame modelers such as Autocad,
and will therefore yield better results. The designer can use a preexisting CAD file or may wish to create one expressly for prototyping purposes.
This process is identical for all of the RP build techniques Conversion to STL Format: The various CAD packages use a number of different algorithms to rep
-resent solid objects. To establish consistency, the STL (stereolithography, the first RP technique) for -mat has been adopted as the standard of the rapid prototyping industry.
to convert the CAD file into STL format. This format represents a three-dimensional surface as an
The preprocessing software slices the STL model into a number of layers from 0. 01 mm to 0. 7 mm thick,
Each PR machine manufacturer supplies their own proprietary preprocessing software Layer by Layer Construction: The fourth step is the actual construction of the part.
Baxi sent its CAD files to the AMSYS Sunderland sintering facility by e-mail. Once these had been
Instead designs will be downloaded from CAD and sent direct to the bureau saving time and money in the process
ï Monitor the potential threat levels posed by competitive products to understand competitive strengths and weaknesses
ï Monitor product quality from different factories, through different channels of distribution, and from year to year
-puter software can be tested, furniture can be tested, store environments can be tested, dog food can be tested, airline service can be tested,
morning to find themselves on the brink of extinction from a competitor who has built â€oea better mouse
The units are measured carefully and CAD drawings produced. The aim is to achieve as close a shape to the original as possible.
and CAD drawings made Prototypes of the new design are made and these are tested thoroughly, both for their physical dimen
strategies are supported by sophisticated software programmes such as MRP, MRPII, ERP, etc What is a production strategy
basic Excel spreadsheet that was in use for some time and was a conglomeration of personal theo -ries, formulas,
The spreadsheet was handfed data from manual tyre counts. The new system will automate data collection to allow better manage
software architecture that abstracts the functionality according to the business requirements. Each tier of the solution addresses a unique responsibility.
These include computer software; any drawing, map, chart or plan; photographs and films; architec -tural works;
and microprocessors (patents held by Intel, for example All patent owners are obliged, in return for patent protection,
Is your SME using music, pictures, or software products owned by others in any of its publications, brochures, databases or websites?
company own the rights to any computer software? If you answered â€oeyes†to any of the above, then
and programs for computers ï Presentations of information ï Methods for medical treatment of humans and animals (as opposed to medical products
For example literary works include software, and artistic works include any drawing, map, chart or plan. The only absolute requirement is that the work
Its activities are focused on the software and the Internet business. It develops, implements and distributes software management systems in
the field of accounting, logistics, process tracking, communication, human resources and CRM. Enter -prise S. also offers web solutions including application provider, web hosting, web and application
documents, software and web pages produced by the company. Finally the registration of his prod -ucts'trademarks remains on his list of things to do next
They rely on a few patents to cover their core technology and do not concentrate on protecting possible modifications or improvements of that core technology
This is an inherently risky strategy, however, particularly if the core patents are found wholly or par
-tially invalid, and there are no additional patents to cover improvements or modifications of the original
A typical example is the use of a commercial software prod -uct Exclusive License A license is said to be exclusive
example if a software vendor fails to deliver sufficient quantities of its products to a distributor, the
-ing of software and systems for industrial processes as well as automation and IT integration in organ
control and monitoring of industrial processes, internet/intranet software and technology and systems engineering The competitive environment of the applied research in ICT sectors is highly dynamic and subject to a
The company considers it crucial to monitor technological changes and advancements that could be critical for the company†s competitiveness.
-tion to software programmes Eidon has been granted 15 patents, protecting original systems resulting from different R&d contracts
Therefore, when software intensive solutions are involved, Eidon relies on copyright protection Eidon†s original software is protected by copyright.
Access rights to software, based normally on an exclusive license model, do not usually include access to the source code,
which may be granted only in exceptional cases and can be made subject to separate agreements Eidon†s standard R&d contract is an interesting mix of different IP tools,
e g. a software product or Internet service would best be adver -tised on the Internet on related websites, through email campaigns or dedicated computer literature or
publications Last but not least, the financial information and forecasts are crucial. This is the section that should justify the amount requested from the investor.
video, radio, photography, advertising, newspapers and magazines, recorded music, computer games and the internet. Media are films,
The processor speed of the computer Complex and expensive use "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES
knowledge that requires rich interaction with the computer or other learners ï Learner-customized tutorials:
Italy, it has thirty-five multimedia computers, two telematic workstations and a room for videoconfer -ences. 100 electronic programmes, CD-ROMS, encyclopedias and web sites, specialist books and
monitors the student's ongoing activity in the simulation and offers a particular type of intervention
Related topics are based web learning, computer-based learning and elearning 9. 2. 7. Resources Bibliography
How IBM, GE, Harvard Business school and Columbia University are Succeeding at E-learning. Mcgraw-hill, 2002 Schunk, D. H.,Zimmerman B. J.,Self-regulated learning †from teaching to self-reflective prac
ï More than one piece of information may be displayed on the screen at any one time using static media (text or graphics) as long as the user is given control over the appearance and
display (and from auditory channels) once a user begins to study a presentation about a new
Computer manufacturers Dell sells over two million dollars worth of equipment every day. Its success is due to using a built to order model.
This allows customers to purchase a bespoke computer which has been built according to their specification Musicroom. com
Knowing your target audience is at the core in any type of marketing strategy. This is no different
Use of core design principles Below are some examples of web sites considered good and less good,
either away"by the search engines or too variable to be useful (e g. planet or planets
*The wildcard tells the search engine to match all characters after it, preserving keyword slots and increasing coverage by 50%or more
way to ensure the search engines evaluate your query in the way you want, from left to right â€
"ï issue query to full Boolean search engine or metasearcher-full-Boolean engines give you this
and standard search engines never find it. Traditional search engines cre -ate their indices by spidering or crawling surface Web pages.
To be discovered, the page must be static and linked to other pages. Traditional search engines can not"see
"or retrieve content in the deep Web-those pages do not exist until they are created dynamically as the result of a specific
Because traditional search engine crawlers can not probe beneath the surface, the deep Web has heretofore been hidden
these findings in perspective one has to consider that the search engines with the largest number of Web pages indexed (such as Google) index no more than sixteen per cent of the
when they use such search engines Internet searchers are therefore searching only 0. 03%--or one in 3, 000--of the pages avail
created, such as the knowledge base on the Microsoft site (13%)e g http://www. microsoft. com /3. Publications-searchable databases for current and archived articles (11%)e g
http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov /4. Shopping/Auction (5%)e g. http://www. flowerweb. nl/,http://www. locateaflowershop. com
Tetra pak Processing UK used the latest Rockwell Automation PLC€ s, networks and software resulting in a significant improvement of the performance of Tetra pak Processing UK's food processing plant
Planning Software System Better stock man -agement Better warehouse management Larger product rota -tion (First in, First
ï Sirius Concepts Ltd provides diagnostic software for economic and business advisors, includ -ing TNAS for start-up businesses, rural businesses and social enterprises
www. sircon. co. uk/sirius-software/your focus. asp ï Trainingzone is one of the UK's most popular site for corporate training professionals with
5. Focus on Your Core Strengths†and Outsource Another way of using innovation to stay nimble and competitive is by focusing on competitive
monitors the changing needs of its markets ï designs products, processes and services around customer needs
closely monitors the changing needs of its markets ï successfully manages new ideas and innovation within the company through a structured ap
it is a core factor promoting development and growth in every sphere of life, in particular in the sphere of busi
The most widely used and well known search engines "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-12.1. Literature searches
search engine, then to select the most suitable databases and further to look into these databases for
The most widely used and well known search engines ï http://www. google. com ï http://www. alltheweb. com
ï Isn†t computer-based training a good alternative to courses I regard the learning with new types of media a useful learning instrument for exercises and
Powerpoint presentation Design of documentation for the customer Rhetorical skills Negotiation skills Technical skills for searching for information
shared set of core values in the areas of labour standards, human rights and environmental practices between the UN and the business community http://www. unglobalcompact. org
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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