It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu. int Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
As the powers of computers advance rapidly, new technologies will be tested evaluated and modified on-line before physical
Such a system would require advanced hardware and management protocols for connections, whether for suppliers of power, for consumers or for network
It is possible to conceive such a network but the real hardware, protocols standards and markets at all levels are more difficult to realise.
than any hardware. Power is purchased and delivered to agreed points or nodes Its source, whether
stimulates initiatives and monitors progress •Mirror Group: enables the involvement of Member States, candidate countries
At its core, eco-innovation is about cre -ating business models that are both competitive and respect the environment by reducing
But gathering market intel -ligence can be challenging for small companies In order to identify â€oehot spots†for eco-innovation
and Outlook 2010. Material resources and Waste. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen Eco-innovations focused on improving material
The intel -ligent closed-loop system stores energy from the grid or when renewables are plentiful and instantaneously releases energy
panels, which are cost-effective and have in -creased the speed of assembling houses at the
The Eup Eco-profiler is a cost-free Life-cycle Assessment software tool for Energy-using products and processes for SMES in this sector
Develop indicators to monitor performance. †¢Develop clear indicators based on the code †¢of conduct to monitor progress
Internal and external communication is also †¢very important at all stages Develop collaborative practices and strong relationships with
Chain Methodologyâ software makes it possible to maximise in real-time the total community gains in
www. accenture. com/us-en/outlook/Pages/outlook -journal-2012-why-sustainable-supply-chain-is-good-business. aspx
¢innovation trends related to our core business Key challenges for your business Developing eco-innovative products, services â€
-tics of our core customer groups (e g. mass niche, segmented? What type of relationship does each customer type expect from us
¢can be attached to the core concept and? How can stakeholders be rewarded for adopting and promoting pro-environmental behaviour
A Computer Simulationâ€, Organization Science, Vol. 8, No. 3 may-Jun.,1997), pp. 289 -309 2 Andersen, M m.,(
digitisation and online display of orphan works and introduces a new exception to copyright (one of the few ones to be fully harmonised at EU level.
single set of core rules across the EU that will not only promote consumers'trust but
will have four core functions •To serve as the European cybercrime information focal point •To pool European cybercrime expertise to support Member States
and promoting core EU values, including by proposing norms for responsible behaviour, and encouraging the application of existing international
•Include the core principles for ADR in a binding instrument, but keep rules to a minimum as to ensure
processors and data subjects) on the proposal in order to achieve a harmonised framework based on a balanced
of the computer and of mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones, are changing dramatically in terms of behaviour and expectations as shoppers.
recently, with the growth and universal spread of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, a fourth and rapidly expanding channel has been added:
m-commerce, for mobile commerce Although each channel retains the unique characteristics that compel customers to engage
Consumers need a computer or mobile device and access to high-speed internet for shopping online. If a consumer wants to buy online he often
sponsored by Microsoft  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 1 Reaping the benefits of ICT
paper, sponsored by Microsoft The Economist Intelligence Unit bears sole editorial responsibility for the content of the report.
ICT is defined as IT hardware, software and services, and telecommunications equipment and services Part I of the report assesses the economic impact of
the computer age everywhere but in the productivity statisticsâ€*.*Most economists believe this productivity surge can be traced in part to the benefits of ICT
that buying a new computer instantly has a positive impact on productivity†a notion that seems at odds with
phones, personal computers (PCS) and the Internet appear to achieve the greatest economic benefit from ICT.
broadband access lines, mobile phones, PCS, Internet users and Internet servers per million population†with four qualitative variables:
Software Communication equipment IT equipment  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 13 Reaping the benefits of ICT
manufacture large quantities of ICT hardware and software Total factor productivity (TFP) growth, an important
broadband adoption and home of some of its software giants†currently ranks in the middle of EU countries
The importance of software in the ICT mix In the US, software has attracted the largest share of
ICT investment since the technology boom began in the early 1990s. By 2000, it accounted for about 14%of
Software nonetheless accounted for one -third or more of ICT investment in the UK, France and
Software investment tends to lag purchases of hardware. This may explain the more rapid growth of
software investment relative to total investment in the US, where firms made an early start in deploying IT and
networking infrastructure. Assuming that Europe is playing catch up to the US in overall ICT investment and
has invested heavily in hardware since the late 1990s software vendors can probably look to good times ahead
in their European markets. Software markets in western Europe proved relatively resilient during the technology
slump of 2000-02, continuing to expand at moderate rates, whereas hardware sales declined. IDC, a
technology consultancy, projects that the west European software market will expand at a respectable 6. 6
%compound annual growth rate over the 2003-07 period to a volume of â 57. 5bn
graduates trained in software programming, network design and other technical aptitudes, and these are well represented in IT departments throughout
not enough to deploy new enterprise software or a What proportion of your ICT projects meet their business objectives
industry groups, entrepreneurs and software developers around the ability to patent software Many large ICT companies (including Microsoft, the
sponsor of this report) favour the extension of patents to cover software as a way to strengthen IP
protection across Europe and thereby create greater incentive for innovation. For their part, independent software developers view software patents as a
weakening of copyright protection, and thus no less of a threat to innovative activity in this field.
At the time of writing, the revised European commission directive appeared to weaken the applicability of
patents to software  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 23 Reaping the benefits of ICT
Patrick de Smedt, chairman of Microsoft EMEA, puts â€oeleading by example†at the top of his prescriptions for
and vote online using flat-screen computer terminals Digital documentation has replaced paper in preparations for cabinet sessions,
president EMEA for Sun microsystems, places great store in the concept of â€oeniche ecosystemsâ€. These ecosystems bring together research excellence and
Ln GDP pc-0. 9022-2. 5293-0. 9697-3. 6772-2. 0894-5. 6645
3. Personal computers (number per 100 population 4. Internet users (per 100 population Each indicator is transformed into an index scaled 1-10 (using minimum
Ln GDP pc-2. 1840-3. 6787-2. 6461-4. 0388-2. 1148-3. 9894
Initial GDP pc-0. 62 INV-0. 24 DEMOGRAPHY 0. 08 BUSENV 0. 47 SCHOOL 0. 69
servers per million population, broadband penetration and four qualitative variables from the e-readiness rankings, based on a 1-5 scoring system.
Microsoft, seeks to answer these crucial questions Demographics Which of the following job titles describes your role best
Telecoms, software and computer services 14 Professional services 12 Construction and real estate 8 Healthcare, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology 8
United states, Canada, Northern europe) in the case of 3-D printing (Desmoulin-Canselier 2012; Ratto 2012).
This trend is underpinned further by the fast growth of smartphones, tablets and other devices enabling
%reported using a tablet. Similarly, the fact that only 17%of the population reported using the internet for
websites cutting across a range of topics (e g. political, social and internet tools, such as Skype.
A survey,"Computer Networks, Vol. 54, No. 15,2010, pp. 2787-2805 Backhaus, J.,S. Breukers, O. Mont, M. Paukovic,
Forecasting the World's Population, Panel on Population Projections, Committee on Population, National Research Council, 2000
computer and internet penetration, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006 Choudhry, M. T. E. Marelli,
A Panel Data analysis for OECD Countries. Paris: OECD, 2005 D†Amuri, F. and Peri, G. 2011. â€oeimmigration, Jobs and Employment protection:
Causes,"Social science Computer Review, Vol. 21, No. 2 may 1, 2003,2003, pp. 144-161 http://ssc. sagepub. com/content/21/2/144. abstract
The European environment †state and outlook 2010: assessment of global megatrends Copenhagen, European Environment Agency
††â€, World and European Energy and Environment Transition Outlook-WETO-T, Brussels: European
education and technology,"Journal of computer assisted learning, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2010, pp. 74-93
"Debating Europe. outlook for the future of Europe†s younger generation.""from http://www. scribd. com/doc/141856647/Gallup-Debating-Europe-Poll-Europeans-expect-a-Bleak
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17: 319†336. doi: 10.1111/j. 1083-6101.2012.01574. x Goerres, A. 2007), Why are Older People More Likely to Vote?
"Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Policy Outlook, 2011. As of 08/03/2013 http://www. carnegieendowment. org/files/driving force. pdf
"Computers & Security, Vol. 30, No. 8, 2011, pp. 803-814 http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S016740481100085x
Mcafee, Prospective Analysis on Trends in Cybercrime from 2011 to 2020,2011 Mcdonald, P.,â€oetime for Action:
Open source methods and their future potential: Demos London, 2005 Mulley, S.,"The UK€ s immigration crackdown will lead to a loss of international talent,"24 may 2013
and life satisfaction, †Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 30, pp. 69†78 O'neill, Brian C.,Deborah Balk, Melanie Brickman,
††â€, International Migration Outlook. Renewing the skills of ageing workforce, OECD Publishing 2012e
††â€, Internet Economy Outlook, Geneva: OECD, 2012f ††â€, Looking to 2060:
††â€, OECD Employment Outlook 2012, OECD Publications, 2012h ††â€,"Economy: migration starting to rebound, says OECD,"27 june 2012i.
The new social operating system. The MIT Press Ratto, R, and Robert Ree,"Materializing information: 3d printing and social change,"First Monday, Vol
17, No. 7-2, 2012 Ravallion, M, The Developing World†s Bulging (but Vulnerable) â€oemiddle Classâ€.
dimensions for the study of minors and screens,"Comunicaciã n y sociedad, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2012, pp
A panel data approach†The Social science Journal,(49) 2: 167-174 Sathyamurthy, T. V.,"Nationalism in the Era of Globalisation,"Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 33
International Productivity Monitor, Vol. 6, 2003 pp. 56-63 van Bavel, J.,"Choice of study discipline and the postponement of motherhood in Europe:
Demography Monitor 2008: Demographic Trends Socioeconomic Impacts and Policy Implications in the European union, Monitoring Report
display=default World bank World Development Indicators,"Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments
http://www. migrationinformation. org/Feature/display. cfm? id=963 Zimmermann, Hans-Dieter,"The Individual in the Information Society:
schools use computers for administrative purposes. ICTS have impacted greatly the health sector and are increasingly being used to improve the administrative efficiency of health
stand-alone computers. Some of the healthcare systems that have been developed include billing, financial systems, patient registration, computer based record systems and pharmacy
systems. Most of lab equipment and radiology equipment are computerized now and linked through data networks.
Healthnet one of the most widely implemented computer-based telecommunications systems in Sub-saharan africa, currently is being used in over 30 countries by around 10,000
Across Sub-saharan africa, the Internet is used to report daily cases of meningitis to monitor emerging epidemics.
display of immunisation activities, reporting of immunisation activities and reviews of immunisation plans 148 IJEDICT
Out of the health facilities that were visited only two (2) private hospitals used computers for the registration of patients.
None of the health facilities used computers to process immunisation activities. Seven (7) out of the eight (8) health facilities had documented a well
Medical personnel most commonly use computers like accountants and secretaries. Until 1993, Uganda had centralized a health information system (HIS)
computer and resources to maintain it, are provided with an easy spreadsheet based system for compiling monthly and annual reports.
The reports from the districts are delivered to the headquarters either by hand, fax or by email.
infrastructure, hardware platform, base software platform), ICT shared services (as communications services), ICT applications (as WEB services), the human operators and the
computer mediated social relations, Routledge, London Kasozi, M. and Nkuuhe, J. 2003. Uganda Chartered Healthnet promotes healthcare using
Testing the use of handheld computers for heathcare in Ghana, Uganda, and Kenya. Report published:
Biotechnology, electronics and telecommunication, industrial software applications, new materials WK1 10 their turnover Source: Clarysse and Duchã ne, 2000.
The most innovative industries, such as computers, instruments and pharmaceuticals also tend to be the most R&d intensive (Audretsch, 1995.
newly emerging industries like biotechnology and computer software (Audretsch, 1995. One answer is that knowledge inputs come from third-party firms
and accounting management software systems that enhance organisational and management capabilities, while at the same time reduce the high costs associated with managing SMES
competitiveness in global markets is to use the digital technology to develop core competencies and
front, they make parallel-processing computers for Japan and satellite receivers for Germany.""12 41. To some extent this is strategy employed by Germany's small-and mid-size companies
focusing upon the core product. But because of their specialisation and small size, Mittelstand companies are often at a disadvantage in terms of economies of scale.
individuals move easily from semiconductor to disk drive firms or from computer to network makers. They move from established firms to start-ups (or vice versa) and even to market research
NC, CAD-CAM, and related technologies. According to several surveys of the Italian clusters, they facilitated the diffusion of new technologies through
-ups are in information technologies--software, Internet, and telecommunication software. Because these firms are focused more on providing a service and face much shorter development times, these companies
do not follow a clear technological innovation trajectory and are thus not easy to evaluate by public
core competencies scan (which lasts 3 hours and is used to define SME core competencies the network scan (which lasts 3 hours
and identifies the network needs); and the innovation scan (to measure the innovative capability of the SME.
development of clusters in the U s. computer industry in the 1980s led to increased innovation and industry rejuvenation.
development of new software, enhanced user friendliness, and other aspects (OECD, 2005). We define product innovation in terms of changes in materials, features, and design;
Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (Vol. Fourth Edition London: Sage publication Fontes, M. 2005.
and software firms in southeast England. Research Policy, 31 (7), 1053-1067 Romijn, H, . & Albu, M. 2002).
and utilize computers (81,94) %and access & use the Internet (80.83%)in their activities. Three quarters of SMES use the electronic mail
Computers 518 Nelu Eugen Popescu/Procedia Economics and Finance 16 (2014) 512 †520 Figure 5:
Most SMES use computers, Internet and the e-mail in their business activities and some of them even developed
At the core of the regional innovation policy are the 11 science and technology parks, alongside
Review panel visit The OECD Secretariat led an international panel of experts in a one-week peer review visit in
Andalusia from 12 to 16 april 2010. During the study visit, the expert team interviewed regional
drawing on the results of the diagnostic report, the panel review exercise, and additional literature and material about the Andalusia economy.
ii) providing traditional small companies in industrial estates and peripheral/rural areas with similar technology development opportunities of those provided within technology parks.
†New Madrileã os, Future Entrepreneurs†after they realized that one out of four applicants for
business management software (to 28%)and web and email (to 19 %Training of RETA agents:
Attitudes to innovation in peripheral economic regions. Research Policy, 37,6-7: 1009-1021 Cuadrado-Roura, J. R. & Garcia-Tabuenca, A. Innovative and Creative Entrepreneurship in Spain
Nuevos madrileã os, futuros empresarios http://www. madridpress. com/noticia/106049/INMIGRANTES/nuevos-madrile%C3%B1os
Classification which covers the core actors in the innovation sector in Andalusia The PAIDI is an operational plan that elaborates on the specific institutional agents to implement
designate research teams as a core element in the internal structure of the universities (Ramos-Vielba
At Sybase, an enterprise software company that spun-off from the original WATCOM Corporation, with over 250 employees in its Waterloo
a recent speech at the university during his Microsoft 2005 Tour, Bill gates referred to Waterloo as †a
international reputation by attracting global firms, such as Microsoft and Google, to both recruit from the region as well as establish research branches in Waterloo region.
Andalusia†s entrepreneurship level was assessed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM in 2006. The GEM highlights some of the most pertinent entrepreneurship features of the region
element of the spin-off†s core-business, and the corporate spin-off process results in significant
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data, the density of enterprises was approaching the national level. The same report also suggested that the population of the region has a fairly high level of
was guided by a private sector-led Entrepreneurship Implementation Panel; the operational part of the project was managed by a special enterprise team established within the Welsh Development Agency
as shown by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for Wales, include a noticeable change in the attitudes of the people in Wales towards entrepreneurship and a public sector
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2006) Andalusia OECD (2001) Fostering Entrepreneurship, OECD, Paris OECD (2003) Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development:
levels of innovation, particularly R&d activities, among a core of SMES, appropriate to the innovation
small core of high tech SMES and encourage the second tier of SMES to increase their levels of R&d
At the core of the broader innovation policy are the 11 science and technology parks
basic levels of innovation among more traditional SMES (e g. use of anti-virus software, computer -based invoicing, etc) reaching out to over 80 000 firms since 2005.
The core of the model was to develop competitive advantage through strengthening existing local assets and in particular the huge diversity of food products that existed in the region as a result of its
should be directed at the most promising sectors that already display some international capability rather than spreading resources too thinly.
same dissertation), the core of the measure in both own-designed questionnaire and GEM survey is the same.
defined as entrepreneurial philosophy that permeates an entire organization†s outlook and operations, and it refers to the firm†s actions per se (Chow, 2006).
Thus, the core focus of H2 is illustrated in Figure 1. So, the aforementioned theoretical arguments provide reasonable justification
resource-based view (RBV) emphasizes the role of core competences of firms and suggests that the best way to understand a firm,
Thus, the core focus from H3 to H5b is illustrated in Figure 2 Figure 2. Proposed model and relationships between firm networks, EO and
model displays the interrelations among latent constructs and observable variables in the proposed model as a succession of structural equations.
Table 21 displays the results of the logistic regression The Chi-square test of both the i. prod/serv and proc. innov complete models was
Table 21 displays the odds ratio, the significance at the corresponding level, and the standard deviation.
Future research could examine using panel data for the prediction that a firm†s innovativeness enhances its probability of exporting
an empirical analysis in Turkish software industry International Journal of Innovation Management, 12,69-111 Aldrich, H. and Zimmer, C. 1986.
The core competence of the corporation Harvard Business Review, May-June, 79-91 Prashantham, S. 2005.
Global entrepreneurship monitor: data collection design and implementation 1998-2003. Small Business Economics, 24,205-231
Charles Nicholson, Ultimate Software (U s.;and Klas Bendrik, Volvo Cars (Sweden •Other Gartner colleagues:
Turbocharging the CIO With Software Tools 2013 No. 4 The Psychology of Serial Innovation 2013 No. 3
INFA) is the world†s number one independent provider of data integration software. Organizations around the world rely on Informatica to realize their information potential and drive top business imperatives.
and tablet devices has changed the way people shop and the constant connectivity has seen a shift in shopping time and
through a mobile device **Average worldwide Cross-border B2c E-commerce Most popular countries USA 45 %UK 37
hardware and software), Consumer Electronics (such as TVS audio home systems and Blu-ray players) and Major Domestic
made through a smartphone or tablet during that period France French consumers made more than 600 million
mobile devices Top 5 companies based on unique visitors 1. Zalando 2. Amazon 3. Euronics 4. IBS
computer was invented in the 1940s) or cellular telephone communication (the technological principles have been discovered in the 1920s.
digital photography, LEDS and OLEDS, displays and solar cells. All these areas can be identified through IPC classes.
computer-integrated manufacturing: co-occurrence of G06 and any of A21c A22b, A22c, A23n, A24c, A41h, A42c, A43d, B01f, B02b, B02c, B03b
The other refers to computer-integrated manufacturing processes While the former can be identified directly through IPC classes,
New photonic applications such as OLED displays can be used in electronic, automotive and telecommunication devices. Advanced materials as well as
and technology outlooks which have been produced by various industry analysts and consultants in recent years. The main purpose of this exercise is to determine how large
emission displays -MRAM memories -phase-change memory -MEMS memory -CNT data memory -CNT inter -connected circuits
catalysts -nanomembranes for sewerage -anti-reflection layers for solar cells -nanooptimised microfuel cells -iron-nanoparticles
have a very strong industry focus on electronics (incl. computer, semiconductor and telecommunication) and instruments (optical, medical, measurement.
Public Research*Computer/Semiconductor Telecommunication Other Electronics Instruments Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Nanotech Biotech Materials Equipment *ERROR-Flatefilter:
Public Research*Computer/Semiconductor Telecommunication Other Electronics Instruments Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Nanotech Biotech Materials Equipment *including patents by government authorities and by private individuals
industry (sum of computer, semiconductor, telecommunication and other electronics) is the largest applicant sector for nanoelectronics, nanooptics and nanomagnetics.
Computer/semiconductor 1 18 3 8 8 19 6 Telecommunication 0 4 2 2 12 3 2
is a computer company, followed by a university and a diversified materials producer largely based on chemical technologies.
FR government 111 1 Hewlett-packard US computer 107 2 L'oreal FR chemicals 57 2 Univ. of California US research 90
9 Philips NL electronics 33 9 IBM US computer 37 10 Arkema FR chemicals 31 10 Univ. of Illinois US research 33
14 ASML NL semiconductor 24 14 Intel US semiconductor 27 15 Sabic Innovative Plastics NL chemicals 23 15 Freescale Semiconductor US semiconductor 27
8 Fujitsu JP computer 52 9 Fujifilm JP chemicals 47 10 Seiko JP instruments 40
12 Toshiba JP computer 32 13 Showa Denko JP chemicals 29 14 TDK JP electronics 27
The core of the cluster consists of the Kyoto University Katsura Campus and the Katsura Innovation Park, which
The core organisation of the cluster is ASTEMRI Advanced Software Technology & Mechatronics Research Institute of Kyoto.
Next to the academic knowledge institutes, such as the Kyoto University, the Kyoto Institute of Technology, and the Ritsumeikan University there are many industrial players present, e g
which is the core of the nanotechnology cluster. In addition to this, it stimulates university-industry collaborations by implementing
cores, focusing on different knowledge & application fields Lack of commercialisation and consequently lack of private funding
applications, telecommunication (displays, optoelectronics) and in some areas of advanced materials (e g. carbon nanotubes), most innovation ideas based on nanotechnology still wait
Contemporary processors have a three to ten times higher number of transistors on the same area (Fraunhofer CNT, 2008.
semiconductors, computer, telecommunication, instruments, chemicals, automotive, defence machinery, other materials, research, and other electronics. Figure 4-14 shows the sector
Other Electronics Semiconductors Computer Telecommunication Instruments Chemicals Automotive Defence Machinery Other Materials Research Source: EPO:
and for computer manufacturers in North america and East asia European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO
Other Electronics Semiconductors Computer Telecommunication Instruments Chemicals Automotive Defence Machinery Other Materials Research Source: EPO:
2 STMICROELECTRONICS IT semiconductor 724 2 IBM US computer 645 3 ASML NL semiconductor 568 3 Intel US semiconductor 615
4 Philips NL electronics 506 4 Freescale Semicond. US semiconductor 540 5 Comm. Ã l'energie atom.
7 Siemens DE electronics 441 7 Texas instruments US instruments 473 8 OSRAM Opto Semicond. DE semiconductor 248 8 LAM RESEARCH Corporation US research 461
10 NXP NL semiconductor 193 10 Hewlett-packard US computer 395 11 S. O. I. Tec FR semiconductor 153 11 Motorola US telecommunication 326
24 Cambridge Display Tech. GB electronics 59 24 Dow corning US chemicals 134 25 EPCOS DE semiconductor 58 25 Axcelis Technologies US semiconductor 126
4 Fujitsu JP computer 903 5 Nikon JP instruments 736 6 NEC JP telecommunication 675
15 Seiko Epson JP instruments 407 16 Tokyo Ohka Kogyo JP semiconductor 305 17 Shin-Etsu Handotai JP semiconductor 271
equipment and embedded systems. In this respect, semiconductor production and shipments can be characterised as leading indicators of ICT product market trends
use in computers has decreased relatively. Nevertheless, Figure 4-20 shows that with a share of almost 40 percent of total sales (2007), computers still dominate the final use for
semiconductors, followed by the telecom market segment with around 25 percent Figure 4-20: Worldwide semiconductor sales 2007, by market segment (percent
%Computer 39.6 %Source: OECD, based on Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO
Displays BCC (2008) 0. 1 0. 2 6. 5 Microelectro-mechanic systems (MEMS) BCC (2008) 7. 2 13.2 10.6
The most recent R&d data of the OECD Technology Outlook 2008 does not go beyond 2006
comparison, the closely related sector of IT and software employs 14,000 people with 2, 200
benefits from a very well organised and integrated infrastructure combining four core elements: 1) several leading research laboratories (including CEA-Leti, INRIA, CNRS, and
IBM Corp. and the CEA, commonly referred to as †Crolles 3â€. Total investments are expected
specialised in telecommunications equipment, microelectronics, photonics and software Wolfe, 2002. Consequently, the Ottawa cluster will be focused upon in this analysis
Networks (R&d), Hewlett-packard (Canada) Ltd. Alcatel Canada, Cisco, and semiconductor firms such as Freescale Semiconductor Canada, Tundra Semiconductor, and Chipworks Inc
institute for microstructural sciences that through its research enables future hardware development. Lastly, in 1995 the NRC founded the Regional Innovation Centre in Ottawa to
telecommunications equipment, software, and emerging photonics sector Capabilities Compared to other global microelectronics clusters the Ottawa cluster shows a strong
telecommunications equipment, software etc R&d tax credits important role in cluster strategy Regeneration of cluster activity ongoing
for computer manufacturers in North america and East asia In Europe, patenting activities are concentrated highly among a few firms compared to North
equipment and embedded systems. Semiconductor production is a highly cyclical industry During economic downturns production drops sharply but when the economy recovers
communication, imaging, lighting, displays, manufacturing, life sciences and health care, and safety and security (EC, 2008a Information and Communication:
and image guided systems make use of computer tomography in navigated surgery. Laser diagnosis and treatments in ophthalmology, dermatology and other
Office Automation, Printing Optical Disk drives Laser printers and Copiers, PODS, Fax and MFPS Digital Cameras and Camcorders, Scanners
Barcode Scanners Systems for Commercial Printing Lasers for IT Sensors (CCD, CMOS Optical Computing Tetrahertz Systems in Photonics
Lighting Lamps LEDS OLEDS Flat Panel Displays LCD Displays Plasma Displays OLEDS and Other Displays
Display Glass and Liquid crystals Solar energy Solar cells Slar Modules Defence Photonics Vision and Imaging Systems, Including Periscopic Sights
Infrared and Night vision Systems Ranging Systems Munition/Missile Guiding Systems Military Space Surveillance systems Avionics Displays
Image Sensors Lasers Optical Systems and Components Optical Components and Optical glass Optical Systems (â€oeclassical†Optical Systems
Optical & OE Systems & Components Not Elsewhere Classified European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO
Lighting and Displays: Innovative lighting systems create convenient surroundings and save energy. Semiconductor light sources †LEDS (light emitting diodes) and organic LEDS
manufacturing, medicine, displays, and a whole range of sensors for chemicals, biological materials and in the environment.
microelectronics as the technology that computers use to †think†(optical computing), leading to a huge increase in performance (EC, 2008a
The electronics industry (incl. computer and semiconductor) and the optical industry (including lighting, cable and solar cells
Optical/cable/solar Lighting Telecommunication Semiconductor/computer Other Electronics Chemicals Glass/ceramics Other Materials Machinery/instruments Vehicles/defence Public research
semiconductor and computer industry, the chemical industry and the glass and cermaincs industry gained in importance at the expense of the vehicles and defence industry.
Optical/cable/solar Lighting Telecommunication Semiconductor/computer Other Electronics Chemicals Glass/ceramics Other Materials Machinery/instruments Vechicles/defence Public research
semiconductors, computers or lighting) is the most important applicant sector for all four subfields in photonics. 30 percent of all lighting patents and 27 percent of all solar patents
Semiconductor/computer 5 9 10 6 Other Electronics 27 30 24 21 Chemicals 10 17 4 14
7 Thales FR defence 223 7 Intel US semiconductors 215 8 Comm. Ã l'energie atom.
9 Infineon DE semiconductors 169 9 Hew lett-Packard US computer 174 10 Schott DE glass 166 10 ADC TELECOMMUNICATIONS US telecommunication 165
10 Seiko Epson JP optical 373 11 LG Electronics KR electronics 363 12 Seminconductor Energy Lab. JP semiconductors 358
14 Fujitsu JP computer 353 15 NEC JP telecommunication 336 16 Idemitsu Kosan JP oil 295
%Flat panel displays 26%Lighting 8 %Information technology 21 %Optical communications 5 %Midecal tech. & life
Printing BMBF (2007) 47.7 88 6 European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 218error!
Flat Panel Displays BMBF (2007) 61 119 7 Solar energy BMBF (2007) 9 31 13 Optical Components &
core functions. First, it represents the activities of cluster firms to the outside world through a
European industry has a weak position in the sectors of information technology and flat panel displays (Photonics21, 2007b.
Photonics production is already dominated by East asia and East Asia†s significant increase in patent intensity since 1998 continues to strengthen its
emanating into service sectors such as health, software, architecture and construction telecommunication and engineering services. Advanced materials contribute to more efficient
devices, display devices mechanical/chemical devices BCC (2010 Aerogels 0. 05 2006 0. 65 2013 44 thermal and acoustic insulation
is expected in the areas of energy (mid-term market volume of â 19 billion, e g. catalysts and
and recycling. 85 There are 50 core players, engaging in manufacturing, processing, services engineering, design, retailing and recycling.
for flat screens applications (Eco-innovation Futures TNO, 2010. Nanocyl is one of the few
Panel UK, 2000 The 7th framework programme of the EU directs in their activity in similar areas.
such as health, software, architecture and construction, telecommunication and engineering services, contributing to both product and process innovation.
decades has been the integration of numerically controlled, i e. computer-integrated technologies into manufacturing processes that allow for a vertical integration of planning
Robotics, automation technologies and computer-integrated manufacturing are the keywords for AMT Industries in which AMT are important can
computer integrated manufacturing (G06 and at least one of the following classes: A21c A22b, A22c, A23n, A24c, A41h, A42c, A43d, B01f, B02b, B02c, B03b, B03d
developing AMT is at the core of this industry, the high shares for vehicle and electronics
computer-integrated manufacturing and robotics. What is more, a number of large electronics companies have important automation businesses (e g.
12 Fraunhofer DE research 164 12 Hewlett-packard US electronics 93 13 Comm. a l'energie atom.
22 BMW DE vehicles 121 22 Microsoft US software 60 23 Alstom FR electronics 121 23 Motorola US electronics 59
but also including software) with the specific needs of users in specific industry. Developing AMT thus means to have a deep
the diffusion of computer-integrated manufacturing technologies and other types of flexible manufacturing (see Link and Kapur, 1994.
stages emphasis will be on knowledge development and careful building of a strong core in the cluster, later stages will involve more knowledge exploration activities
Workshop on Outlook on Industrial Biotechnology, DSTI/STP/BIO (2009) 22 Festel, G. 2006), Economic potentials and market strategies in the field of industrial (white
Foresight Panel UK, Materials (2000), Shaping our society, London Fraunhofer CNT (2008), Annual Report 2007, Dresden:
OECD (2008), Information technology Outlook, Paris: OECD OECD (2009a), The Bioeconomy to 2030: Designing a Policy Agenda, Paris:
OECD, FAO (2008), Agricultural Outlook 2008-2017, Paris: OECD Ontario (2007) Ontario Business Report, Ministry of Economic Development and Trade (Canada
the National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel, Washington: The President†s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
a case study of CAD technology in China, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 19, 321†342
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