Such a system would require advanced hardware and management protocols for connections, whether for suppliers of power, for consumers or for network
It is possible to conceive such a network but the real hardware, protocols standards and markets at all levels are more difficult to realise.
than any hardware. Power is purchased and delivered to agreed points or nodes Its source, whether
stimulates initiatives and monitors progress •Mirror Group: enables the involvement of Member States, candidate countries
At its core, eco-innovation is about cre -ating business models that are both competitive and respect the environment by reducing
Develop indicators to monitor performance. †¢Develop clear indicators based on the code †¢of conduct to monitor progress
Internal and external communication is also †¢very important at all stages Develop collaborative practices and strong relationships with
¢innovation trends related to our core business Key challenges for your business Developing eco-innovative products, services â€
-tics of our core customer groups (e g. mass niche, segmented? What type of relationship does each customer type expect from us
¢can be attached to the core concept and? How can stakeholders be rewarded for adopting and promoting pro-environmental behaviour
digitisation and online display of orphan works and introduces a new exception to copyright (one of the few ones to be fully harmonised at EU level.
single set of core rules across the EU that will not only promote consumers'trust but
will have four core functions •To serve as the European cybercrime information focal point •To pool European cybercrime expertise to support Member States
and promoting core EU values, including by proposing norms for responsible behaviour, and encouraging the application of existing international
•Include the core principles for ADR in a binding instrument, but keep rules to a minimum as to ensure
processors and data subjects) on the proposal in order to achieve a harmonised framework based on a balanced
ICT is defined as IT hardware, software and services, and telecommunications equipment and services Part I of the report assesses the economic impact of
manufacture large quantities of ICT hardware and software Total factor productivity (TFP) growth, an important
hardware. This may explain the more rapid growth of software investment relative to total investment in the
has invested heavily in hardware since the late 1990s software vendors can probably look to good times ahead
rates, whereas hardware sales declined. IDC, a technology consultancy, projects that the west European software market will expand at a respectable 6. 6
United states, Canada, Northern europe) in the case of 3-D printing (Desmoulin-Canselier 2012; Ratto 2012).
3d printing and social change,"First Monday, Vol 17, No. 7-2, 2012 Ravallion, M, The Developing World†s Bulging (but Vulnerable) â€oemiddle Classâ€.
dimensions for the study of minors and screens,"Comunicaciã n y sociedad, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2012, pp
International Productivity Monitor, Vol. 6, 2003 pp. 56-63 van Bavel, J.,"Choice of study discipline and the postponement of motherhood in Europe:
Demography Monitor 2008: Demographic Trends Socioeconomic Impacts and Policy Implications in the European union, Monitoring Report
display=default World bank World Development Indicators,"Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments
http://www. migrationinformation. org/Feature/display. cfm? id=963 Zimmermann, Hans-Dieter,"The Individual in the Information Society:
Across Sub-saharan africa, the Internet is used to report daily cases of meningitis to monitor emerging epidemics.
display of immunisation activities, reporting of immunisation activities and reviews of immunisation plans 148 IJEDICT
infrastructure, hardware platform, base software platform), ICT shared services (as communications services), ICT applications (as WEB services), the human operators and the
competitiveness in global markets is to use the digital technology to develop core competencies and
focusing upon the core product. But because of their specialisation and small size, Mittelstand companies are often at a disadvantage in terms of economies of scale.
individuals move easily from semiconductor to disk drive firms or from computer to network makers. They move from established firms to start-ups (or vice versa) and even to market research
core competencies scan (which lasts 3 hours and is used to define SME core competencies the network scan (which lasts 3 hours
and identifies the network needs); and the innovation scan (to measure the innovative capability of the SME.
At the core of the regional innovation policy are the 11 science and technology parks, alongside
ii) providing traditional small companies in industrial estates and peripheral/rural areas with similar technology development opportunities of those provided within technology parks.
Attitudes to innovation in peripheral economic regions. Research Policy, 37,6-7: 1009-1021 Cuadrado-Roura, J. R. & Garcia-Tabuenca, A. Innovative and Creative Entrepreneurship in Spain
Classification which covers the core actors in the innovation sector in Andalusia The PAIDI is an operational plan that elaborates on the specific institutional agents to implement
designate research teams as a core element in the internal structure of the universities (Ramos-Vielba
Andalusia†s entrepreneurship level was assessed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM in 2006. The GEM highlights some of the most pertinent entrepreneurship features of the region
element of the spin-off†s core-business, and the corporate spin-off process results in significant
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data, the density of enterprises was approaching the national level. The same report also suggested that the population of the region has a fairly high level of
as shown by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for Wales, include a noticeable change in the attitudes of the people in Wales towards entrepreneurship and a public sector
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2006) Andalusia OECD (2001) Fostering Entrepreneurship, OECD, Paris OECD (2003) Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development:
levels of innovation, particularly R&d activities, among a core of SMES, appropriate to the innovation
small core of high tech SMES and encourage the second tier of SMES to increase their levels of R&d
At the core of the broader innovation policy are the 11 science and technology parks
The core of the model was to develop competitive advantage through strengthening existing local assets and in particular the huge diversity of food products that existed in the region as a result of its
should be directed at the most promising sectors that already display some international capability rather than spreading resources too thinly.
same dissertation), the core of the measure in both own-designed questionnaire and GEM survey is the same.
Thus, the core focus of H2 is illustrated in Figure 1. So, the aforementioned theoretical arguments provide reasonable justification
resource-based view (RBV) emphasizes the role of core competences of firms and suggests that the best way to understand a firm,
Thus, the core focus from H3 to H5b is illustrated in Figure 2 Figure 2. Proposed model and relationships between firm networks, EO and
model displays the interrelations among latent constructs and observable variables in the proposed model as a succession of structural equations.
Table 21 displays the results of the logistic regression The Chi-square test of both the i. prod/serv and proc. innov complete models was
Table 21 displays the odds ratio, the significance at the corresponding level, and the standard deviation.
The core competence of the corporation Harvard Business Review, May-June, 79-91 Prashantham, S. 2005.
Global entrepreneurship monitor: data collection design and implementation 1998-2003. Small Business Economics, 24,205-231
hardware and software), Consumer Electronics (such as TVS audio home systems and Blu-ray players) and Major Domestic
digital photography, LEDS and OLEDS, displays and solar cells. All these areas can be identified through IPC classes.
New photonic applications such as OLED displays can be used in electronic, automotive and telecommunication devices. Advanced materials as well as
emission displays -MRAM memories -phase-change memory -MEMS memory -CNT data memory -CNT inter -connected circuits
catalysts -nanomembranes for sewerage -anti-reflection layers for solar cells -nanooptimised microfuel cells -iron-nanoparticles
The core of the cluster consists of the Kyoto University Katsura Campus and the Katsura Innovation Park, which
The core organisation of the cluster is ASTEMRI Advanced Software Technology & Mechatronics Research Institute of Kyoto.
which is the core of the nanotechnology cluster. In addition to this, it stimulates university-industry collaborations by implementing
cores, focusing on different knowledge & application fields Lack of commercialisation and consequently lack of private funding
applications, telecommunication (displays, optoelectronics) and in some areas of advanced materials (e g. carbon nanotubes), most innovation ideas based on nanotechnology still wait
Contemporary processors have a three to ten times higher number of transistors on the same area (Fraunhofer CNT, 2008.
24 Cambridge Display Tech. GB electronics 59 24 Dow corning US chemicals 134 25 EPCOS DE semiconductor 58 25 Axcelis Technologies US semiconductor 126
Displays BCC (2008) 0. 1 0. 2 6. 5 Microelectro-mechanic systems (MEMS) BCC (2008) 7. 2 13.2 10.6
benefits from a very well organised and integrated infrastructure combining four core elements: 1) several leading research laboratories (including CEA-Leti, INRIA, CNRS, and
institute for microstructural sciences that through its research enables future hardware development. Lastly, in 1995 the NRC founded the Regional Innovation Centre in Ottawa to
communication, imaging, lighting, displays, manufacturing, life sciences and health care, and safety and security (EC, 2008a Information and Communication:
Office Automation, Printing Optical Disk drives Laser printers and Copiers, PODS, Fax and MFPS Digital Cameras and Camcorders, Scanners
Barcode Scanners Systems for Commercial Printing Lasers for IT Sensors (CCD, CMOS Optical Computing Tetrahertz Systems in Photonics
Lighting Lamps LEDS OLEDS Flat Panel Displays LCD Displays Plasma Displays OLEDS and Other Displays
Display Glass and Liquid crystals Solar energy Solar cells Slar Modules Defence Photonics Vision and Imaging Systems, Including Periscopic Sights
Infrared and Night vision Systems Ranging Systems Munition/Missile Guiding Systems Military Space Surveillance systems Avionics Displays
Image Sensors Lasers Optical Systems and Components Optical Components and Optical glass Optical Systems (â€oeclassical†Optical Systems
Optical & OE Systems & Components Not Elsewhere Classified European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO
Lighting and Displays: Innovative lighting systems create convenient surroundings and save energy. Semiconductor light sources †LEDS (light emitting diodes) and organic LEDS
manufacturing, medicine, displays, and a whole range of sensors for chemicals, biological materials and in the environment.
%Flat panel displays 26%Lighting 8 %Information technology 21 %Optical communications 5 %Midecal tech. & life
Printing BMBF (2007) 47.7 88 6 European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 218error!
Flat Panel Displays BMBF (2007) 61 119 7 Solar energy BMBF (2007) 9 31 13 Optical Components &
core functions. First, it represents the activities of cluster firms to the outside world through a
displays (Photonics21, 2007b. Photonics production is already dominated by East asia and East Asia†s significant increase in patent intensity since 1998 continues to strengthen its
devices, display devices mechanical/chemical devices BCC (2010 Aerogels 0. 05 2006 0. 65 2013 44 thermal and acoustic insulation
is expected in the areas of energy (mid-term market volume of â 19 billion, e g. catalysts and
and recycling. 85 There are 50 core players, engaging in manufacturing, processing, services engineering, design, retailing and recycling.
for flat screens applications (Eco-innovation Futures TNO, 2010. Nanocyl is one of the few
developing AMT is at the core of this industry, the high shares for vehicle and electronics
stages emphasis will be on knowledge development and careful building of a strong core in the cluster, later stages will involve more knowledge exploration activities
the innovating firm is at the core of national innovation systems, a better understanding of
no single deï nition of NSI, most scholars share the core view that a country's NSI pursues some given goals,
corporate OI and its effect on NSI effectiveness therefore lie at the core of our analysis
Actually, this argument is consistent with the NSI core concept whereby multifarious efforts foster different kinds of
Printer, London, 1997 7 J. P. J. d. Jong, T. Kalvet, W. Vanhaverbeke, Exploring a theoretical framework to structure the public policy implications, Technol.
To do so, Born to be digital explores three core areas •How CIOS with the widest remit and greatest
of their core tenets and mindset •What career choices CIOS should make to help them
core strategic issues hold a seat at the executive management table, compared with just 17%of CIOS in all
Most revealingly, a core subset of this group of IT-intensive IT leaders †those who are engaged most strategically
highly engaged in core strategic issues †delivering transformation and driving business model innovation †and they show a set of six unique traits (see text box
six core traits Our research shows that the elite CIOS leading digital transformation in their businesses differ in their
Across a range of industries and geographies, a core set of digital technologies †including mobile, social,
A core set of digital technologies †mobile, social, the cloud and data, among others †are transforming companies at
There are three core changes here: 3 1. Using digital to enhance traditional business models, such as moving from selling products to providing services †Streetcar
to be an active participant in core strategic decisions. He is charged now with providing a clear vision of where
This is especially apparent in a core set of sectors †including technology companies, banks and life sciences firms †that already
companies is that IT is a core boardroom topic, which receives strong engagement from senior executives across the business
software, hardware IT services and e-commerce Telecommunications Banking Media and entertainment Other Pharmaceutical and biotechnology
broader palette of skills to draw upon, beyond any core IT competencies, is reflected also in the choices that many IT-intensive
is true internally, where they have weaker links with core figures such as the CEO or CFO,
We find these attributes to be closest to the core set of skills and capabilities needed to drive the digital transformation
to deliver on core business changes, such as the digital transformation now underway 20 Born to be digital
Leader at EY, notes that one of the core capabilities needed for digital-ready CIOS is an intimate knowledge of the firm†s business
the core of the business and how it works, in order to explain how it can change in future
consultants to help bring a fresh perspective on what the core of the narrative ought to be:
deeper reveals a much stronger core satisfaction with their positions and prospects. Across all elements of their jobs, they
how much this is a core part of their job: 60%find this strongly satisfying, compared with 45%of IT-intensive industry CIOS
do the same for a company†s core financial systems, such as their general ledgers. Getting the timing right will be vital
technology (including hardware, software and other IT services), financial services, life sciences telecommunications, online and e-commerce In addition to this survey, EY conducted an analysis of the
%Software, hardware and computer services Banking and ï nancial services 19 %8 %Chemical, bio-and medical technology
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Rapport voor Bel en Vlaanderen 6. Wickham, Philip A. 2006. Strategic Entrepreneurship, Pearson, Fourth Edition
processors such as Glanbia and Slaney Meats, who work directly with farmers in improving productivity Companies operating in the sector need to move to higher value activities,
activities where they have strengths and to outsource non-core activities (such as late stage manufacturing, clinical trials processes etc.
reflecting a core competency within the region that provides a basis for further growth and
and revenue models e g. online subscriptions rather than CD ROM. The pay-as-you-go, subscription pricing of Cloud computing can enable companies (with perhaps
publishing and printing, encompasses firms that trade domestically as well as those trading internationally and employs circa 26,000 people37
The broad sector displays strong growth prospects; driven by changing consumer behaviour/preferences in the sector, the increasing power of mobility & devices, and the
programme (3, 000), Programming & broadcasting (4, 300), Advertising & market research (6, 100), Printing &
It excludes spending on hardware used for playing games 39 †Core†games companies refers to companies directly involved in the production of games
FAS has facilities to train apprentices for fourteen trades, from general engineering, core employment, welding, fabrication, hairdressing to information and communications
exploiting core competences What is evident now is that firms are outsourcing a broader range of progressively more
WIT has total staff of 906, with a core staff of 766,60 Exchequer funded research staff and 80 other specialist staff
Pharmaceuticals, ICT (hardware and services) and Food (including functional foods), and 38 http://www. forfas. ie/publication/search. jsp?
ï§Develop the urban core of Limerick city in a structured and cohesive way, recognising its
Dublin City is the core of the region with a population of 505,739 administrative area of the City council
the financial services, ICT hardware and the food and drinks ï§Educational attainment to third level is higher than all other regions.
%ICTÂ Hardware 9 %ICTÂ Services 20%Financialâ Services 7 %Otherâ Services 5 %Otherâ Manufacturing 31
Monitor †Report for Ireland 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 State Border Midland West Dublin Mideast Midwest Southeast South
>/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing.
so that companies tend to outsource non-core activities or to offshore them to locations where it makes business sense.
higher proportion of services exports, balanced with a core of high-value added 3 Forfã¡s (2008) Sharing our Future, IBM (2008) Drivers of Change, Enterprise Strategy Group (2004
their core. The RCAS acknowledge the importance of gateways and their role as drivers of
In the context of this sectoral convergence, core skills become transferrable across sectors for example, biology, chemistry, engineering, electronics, logistics and software;
reflecting a core competency within the region that provides a basis for further growth and
of four Centres of Research and Enterprise (CORE within the Institute. Gamecore is focused on industry relevant research under a number of
activities where they have strengths and to outsource non-core activities (such as late stage manufacturing, clinical trials processes etc.
Serviced office/business locations, that enable companies to access core support services such as reception, secretariat, accounting, HR, facilities management etc
Enterprise Ireland†s core objective is to drive export growth by creating and growing internationally competitive businesses and facilitating entrepreneurship throughout the
just words on an amber screen. But it was interactive. The author typed commands that traveled
3d printing, augmented reality and an early government big data initiative to build a digital 117 surveillance system today called PRISM.
â€oecharacter marker†that would overlay information onto wearable displays (Johnson, 2012. AR involves the use of wearable or hand-held technologies to access additional information
legitimate peripheral participation (LPP)( Wikipedia, 2014a; Wikipedia, 2014b. In LPP, students engage actively in the real work of a discipline under the mentorship of a faculty member with
Merging 3d printing with AR experiences could transform learning. Students studying archeology might not only see a 3d animated version of New york City†s 19th century
hardware, computer software, and per -sonnel)( Krishnan and Sriram 2000. Over time, firms that invest more than their
and the support of firm core competen -cies (e g.,, Aral and Weill 2007; Oh and
, hardware, software, and person -nel) relative to other competitors within the same industry. Drawing upon a
expand their core capabilities in the areas of products, knowledge, and skills Because investing in capabilities like
this power to support the core compe -tencies of the firm successfully can have a competitive advantage.
Government Printing Office Steiger, J. H, . and J. C. Lind (1980). â€oesta -tistically Based Tests of the Number
country displays a fairly even performance across all 12 pillars of competitiveness. Notable strengths include its
 •Marshall plan in Wallonia  †6 core clusters  •Smart grids Flanders
 •Developing and testing hardware and software for an Internet of Energies  •Integrating grid operation and
One core document regarding the energy strategy and transition path of the Flemish region: The Flemish climate policy plan (2006-2012;
Report compiled by The swiss Federal Energy Research Commission (CORE. The current Federal Energy Research Concept is valid for the period 2008-2011
Within the concept the core focus points of the energy research between 2008 and 2011 are defined.
-Four-year strategy report (by CORE, Swiss Federal Energy Research Commission): ) Federal energy research concept 2008-2011 (in French or
-Four-year strategy report (by CORE, Swiss Federal Energy Research Commission): ) Federal energy research concept 2008-2011 (in French or
Open Hardware Open Networks Open Data and Open Knowledge Open hardware: These projects are inspired by the global do-it-yourself maker movement and the spread of maker spaces
They make digital hardware available for people to adapt, hack and shape into tools for social change
Safecast, a project that enables citizens to capture and share measurement on radiation levels, is one example of the potential
of open hardware. It was founded in March 2011 as a response to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
hardware circuit board with a microprocessor, Safecast built their own Geiger counters. These were given to local volunteers
data, open hardware, open networks, and open knowledge; and they give rise to new DSI areas such as:(
Open Hardware Organisations M or e Fi lt er s Screenshot of the crowdmap www. digitalsocial. eu
Open Hardware Organisations M or e Fi lt er s 1 2 3 WHY IS DIGITAL
-ogies such as open hardware may have positive network externalities. Â This network effect applies in a straight
open hardware, open source software open knowledge, data storage and ana -lytics and are producing valuable data
networks, open hardware and distributed social networks can potentially serve collective action and awareness. Making data available as part of a
knowledge, open hardware 4. The area of society the organisa -tions and their activities operate and
Open Knowledge, Open Hardware, Open Data, Open Network. 4 Areas of Society: Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and
-cost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC †computer numeric con -trol †machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup, and
hardware and makers movement, which embodies a combination of different design and technology methods, such as fast prototyping, open design, lean
Open hardware seeks to shift the attention away from consumption and resource ex -ploitation, to the creation of new capacities to build the products that people consume
The open hardware movement in particular is about how people share knowledge, skills and tools,
People working on open source hardware are creat -ing new organisations, such as the Open source Hardware Association, to coordinate
research projects, such as the open source cars Wikispeed, and build farming tools and new fabrication machines like the Reprap and others.
Interesting trends are emerging at the intersection between open hardware, DIY culture open source software and open data.
3d printing facilities (maker spaces and hacker spaces. There are now 96 known ac -tive hacker spaces worldwide, with 29 in the United states, Â according to Hackerspaces
counter, built on the Arduino open hardware board The team turned to †the crowd†via crowdfunding platform, Kickstarter,
open data, free and open software and open hardware Github, the collaborative service for open software developers, is revolutionising
to combine open hardware technologies with new learning methods to experiment with new educational practices, enhanced by the way technology is integrated within the
-works, and open hardware Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of
hardware and open knowledge, are be -ing harnessed by digital social innova -tion. Below we provide a more detailed
on open hardware to build the first Geiger counter sensor kit, on Crowdfunding to fund the development of kit, and on open
with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution, temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop
Arduino OPEN HARDWARE OPEN HARDWARE new ways of making and using open hard ware solutions and
moving towards and Open source Internet of Thingst Open-source hardware consists of hardware whose blueprints are made publicly avail
-able so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, extend and sell the design or hardware based on that design.
The hardware†s source, the design from which it is made is available in the preferred format for making modifications to it.
hardware uses readily available components and materials, standard processes, open infrastructure, unrestricted content and open-source design tools to maximise the ability
and use hardware. Open-source hardware gives people the free -dom to control their technology while sharing knowledge and encouraging commerce
through the open exchange of designs The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the
potential in open hardware The core to Arduino is a simple, ultra low-cost circuit board, based on an open-source design, armed with a microproces
-sor which can be programmed with open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn
devices using an open-source hardware board. Arduino has grown to become popular, selling more than one million units to
international maker movement of D. I. Y. hardware hobbyists, such as makerspaces and Fab Labs This makes Arduino a key building block of many digital social innovation initiatives
relying on open hardware, such as Safecastâ and theâ Smart Citizen Kit. The Smart 47growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
Smart Citizen Kit OPEN HARDWARE Citizen Kit is based an Arduino sensor kit that provides sophisticated sensor network tools to citizens,
The Smart Citizen Kit is based on two core components; the †kit †itself and the platform used to share data between people operating a kit.
UK and Amsterdam in The netherlands, have shown an interest in supporting citizens to monitor environmental data and have
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things Iot). ) People, places,
Open Hardware Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriã Bethnal Green Ventures
Open Hardware Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriã Bethnal Green Ventures
around open hardware and open net -works and includes organisations such as iminds, Fairphone, the City of Amsterdam
hardware network is the smallest overall it is the most highly interconnected and intermixed with open networks.
-edge, open hardware and open networks Even if an organisation is not central and so has only a few links,
-bining open hardware, open data, open knowledge and open networks 56 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
They combine investments in new hardware and software with experi -ments to discover better ways of delivering healthcare or reducing carbon emissions
standards should be at the core of the technical infrastructure. Open standards should have an adequate legal and governance backing,
new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish, based on open-source and open-hardware developments
and Makerspaces with free software and open hardware training, or by the Open Data Institute (ODI) and Open Knowledge
In general, European funding has invested heavily in core European institutions in terms of digital innovation, in particular the formerly nationalised telecommunications companies,
and open hardware can then be built on top of a public federated platform in a dynamic and flexible way,
become public policy guidelines at the core of the technical infrastructure Technical solutions do not work by themselves,
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011