Such a system would require advanced hardware and management protocols for connections, whether for suppliers of power, for consumers or for network
It is possible to conceive such a network but the real hardware, protocols standards and markets at all levels are more difficult to realise.
than any hardware. Power is purchased and delivered to agreed points or nodes Its source, whether
ICT is defined as IT hardware, software and services, and telecommunications equipment and services Part I of the report assesses the economic impact of
manufacture large quantities of ICT hardware and software Total factor productivity (TFP) growth, an important
hardware. This may explain the more rapid growth of software investment relative to total investment in the
has invested heavily in hardware since the late 1990s software vendors can probably look to good times ahead
rates, whereas hardware sales declined. IDC, a technology consultancy, projects that the west European software market will expand at a respectable 6. 6
infrastructure, hardware platform, base software platform), ICT shared services (as communications services), ICT applications (as WEB services), the human operators and the
hardware and software), Consumer Electronics (such as TVS audio home systems and Blu-ray players) and Major Domestic
institute for microstructural sciences that through its research enables future hardware development. Lastly, in 1995 the NRC founded the Regional Innovation Centre in Ottawa to
software, hardware IT services and e-commerce Telecommunications Banking Media and entertainment Other Pharmaceutical and biotechnology
technology (including hardware, software and other IT services), financial services, life sciences telecommunications, online and e-commerce In addition to this survey, EY conducted an analysis of the
%Software, hardware and computer services Banking and ï nancial services 19 %8 %Chemical, bio-and medical technology
It excludes spending on hardware used for playing games 39 †Core†games companies refers to companies directly involved in the production of games
Pharmaceuticals, ICT (hardware and services) and Food (including functional foods), and 38 http://www. forfas. ie/publication/search. jsp?
the financial services, ICT hardware and the food and drinks ï§Educational attainment to third level is higher than all other regions.
%ICTÂ Hardware 9 %ICTÂ Services 20%Financialâ Services 7 %Otherâ Services 5 %Otherâ Manufacturing 31
hardware, computer software, and per -sonnel)( Krishnan and Sriram 2000. Over time, firms that invest more than their
, hardware, software, and person -nel) relative to other competitors within the same industry. Drawing upon a
 •Developing and testing hardware and software for an Internet of Energies  •Integrating grid operation and
Open Hardware Open Networks Open Data and Open Knowledge Open hardware: These projects are inspired by the global do-it-yourself maker movement and the spread of maker spaces
They make digital hardware available for people to adapt, hack and shape into tools for social change
Safecast, a project that enables citizens to capture and share measurement on radiation levels, is one example of the potential
of open hardware. It was founded in March 2011 as a response to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
hardware circuit board with a microprocessor, Safecast built their own Geiger counters. These were given to local volunteers
data, open hardware, open networks, and open knowledge; and they give rise to new DSI areas such as:(
Open Hardware Organisations M or e Fi lt er s Screenshot of the crowdmap www. digitalsocial. eu
Open Hardware Organisations M or e Fi lt er s 1 2 3 WHY IS DIGITAL
-ogies such as open hardware may have positive network externalities. Â This network effect applies in a straight
open hardware, open source software open knowledge, data storage and ana -lytics and are producing valuable data
networks, open hardware and distributed social networks can potentially serve collective action and awareness. Making data available as part of a
knowledge, open hardware 4. The area of society the organisa -tions and their activities operate and
Open Knowledge, Open Hardware, Open Data, Open Network. 4 Areas of Society: Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and
hardware and makers movement, which embodies a combination of different design and technology methods, such as fast prototyping, open design, lean
Open hardware seeks to shift the attention away from consumption and resource ex -ploitation, to the creation of new capacities to build the products that people consume
The open hardware movement in particular is about how people share knowledge, skills and tools,
People working on open source hardware are creat -ing new organisations, such as the Open source Hardware Association, to coordinate
research projects, such as the open source cars Wikispeed, and build farming tools and new fabrication machines like the Reprap and others.
Interesting trends are emerging at the intersection between open hardware, DIY culture open source software and open data.
counter, built on the Arduino open hardware board The team turned to †the crowd†via crowdfunding platform, Kickstarter,
open data, free and open software and open hardware Github, the collaborative service for open software developers, is revolutionising
to combine open hardware technologies with new learning methods to experiment with new educational practices, enhanced by the way technology is integrated within the
-works, and open hardware Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of
hardware and open knowledge, are be -ing harnessed by digital social innova -tion. Below we provide a more detailed
on open hardware to build the first Geiger counter sensor kit, on Crowdfunding to fund the development of kit, and on open
Arduino OPEN HARDWARE OPEN HARDWARE new ways of making and using open hard ware solutions and
moving towards and Open source Internet of Thingst Open-source hardware consists of hardware whose blueprints are made publicly avail
-able so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, extend and sell the design or hardware based on that design.
The hardware†s source, the design from which it is made is available in the preferred format for making modifications to it.
hardware uses readily available components and materials, standard processes, open infrastructure, unrestricted content and open-source design tools to maximise the ability
and use hardware. Open-source hardware gives people the free -dom to control their technology while sharing knowledge and encouraging commerce
through the open exchange of designs The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the
potential in open hardware The core to Arduino is a simple, ultra low-cost circuit board, based on an open-source design, armed with a microproces
devices using an open-source hardware board. Arduino has grown to become popular, selling more than one million units to
international maker movement of D. I. Y. hardware hobbyists, such as makerspaces and Fab Labs This makes Arduino a key building block of many digital social innovation initiatives
relying on open hardware, such as Safecastâ and theâ Smart Citizen Kit. The Smart 47growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
Smart Citizen Kit OPEN HARDWARE Citizen Kit is based an Arduino sensor kit that provides sophisticated sensor network tools to citizens,
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things Iot). ) People, places,
Open Hardware Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriã Bethnal Green Ventures
Open Hardware Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriã Bethnal Green Ventures
around open hardware and open net -works and includes organisations such as iminds, Fairphone, the City of Amsterdam
hardware network is the smallest overall it is the most highly interconnected and intermixed with open networks.
-edge, open hardware and open networks Even if an organisation is not central and so has only a few links,
-bining open hardware, open data, open knowledge and open networks 56 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
They combine investments in new hardware and software with experi -ments to discover better ways of delivering healthcare or reducing carbon emissions
new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish, based on open-source and open-hardware developments
and Makerspaces with free software and open hardware training, or by the Open Data Institute (ODI) and Open Knowledge
and open hardware can then be built on top of a public federated platform in a dynamic and flexible way,
Today, the sector includes hardware, software, the Internet, telephony, and content, application, and support service, provided by entities ranging from corporate giants to garage entrepreneurs to individual
generate new demand for hardware, software, and services Mobile telecommunications took 20 years to reach one billion users,
combinations of funding, curricula, hardware and software donations, employee volunteer time, and other resources according to local needs and goals.
example, the Chinese hardware company Lenovo, through its Hope through Entrepreneurship Program supports microfinance institutions such as peer-to-peer lender Kiva. org with donations of laptops and other
hardware that allow these institutions to function more effectively in the office and in the field
utilities and Microsoft pays for everything â€oefrom the walls in. †Often Microsoft will obtain hardware donations from
software, hardware, training, government services and technology support. In addition to Microsoft itself â€oetypical†partners include government agencies, financial institutions, independent software vendors, hardware
providers, and Internet service providers. Non-governmental organizations are often part of the PPPS as well Eight business development managers worldwide are responsible for identifying and building PTAS.
value chain linkages with local hardware and software vendors and distributors. PTAS expand these partnersâ€
advanced skills, covering subjects such as UNIX, Java, security, wireless, PC hardware and software, and networking operating systems.
dislocation of emphasis from hardware to services) was a benefit for Boston that †was
in ICT hardware or networks during the past 12 months Weighting:%%of empl %of firms
Hardware to secure the subscriber's private key may also be advisable. Persons relying on digital signatures will incur expenses for verification software and
software and hardware to achieve the integration. A key ingredient of most ERP systems is the use of a unified database to store data for the various system modules.
adoption of ICT hardware and software correlates with innovation activity of firms "conduct"),and whether there are any significant links between innovation activity
Infrastructure endowment index that comprises of hardware components used by a firm and includes the share of employees with an internet access at their workplace
ICT hardware of little importance for organisational changes: Hardware endowment, measured in terms of network infrastructure usage and internet
access, does not increase the likelihood of introducing organisational changes Software use and IT practitioners drive organisational changes:
skills, soft-and hardware have different implications for companies†conduct and performance. Whereas hardware is a necessary condition for an efficient ICT use
it is not a sufficient condition for business transformation. These are rather human 123 Similar to probit/logit regressions, ordered logit model is used
Hardware infrastructure, in contrast, is already a commodity that does not offer companies any potential to create a competitive advantage
Hardware infrastructure, in contrast, offer companies less potential to create a competitive advantage compared to software applications and skilled employees
hardware and licences and â 200.000 to development. The technical department (IT department) in charge of the project,
For a nationwide system, a unitary hardware and standard software architecture has been chosen to offer long-term benefits, like improved technical support, technical
solution is based on Hewlett-packard hardware, Oracle RDBMS software and Practical Automation thermal printers, verified for more than 7 years in real-time operation and
validated the technical solution (hardware and software) as well as the design and provided real data to determine the transaction volumes needed to operate such a
million euros for the hardware including the services and 5 million euros for the application software and deployment
as well as hardware and software for the four deployed e -services. Maintenance cost for the portal is about 11000 Euros per month
hardware and implementation were approximately 100.000 Euros. The cost for one GPS unit is about 1200 euros and 60
hardware and software) and intelligence traffic systems. This firm was in charge of the integration and implementation of the system,
technologies (hardware and software) that allow for electronic communication, data collection and processing in distributed networks (e g.
software/hardware, and patient management systems provided over the web via an application service provider (ASP
MAEHC reports hardware and software costs of approximately USD 30 700, plus another USD 12 100 for support
hardware and software start-up costs of approximately USD 15 500 plus an annual fee of almost USD 4 000 the first year, rising to almost USD 6 000
Hardware 22 800 6 364 Software & implementaion 17 200 9 091 Annual support/License 5 600 3 709 (1st year
level of access to its specifications for ready promulgation in a variety of hardware and software.
hardware to perform administrative and clinical functions, and most (78.3 %had speed a high Internet connection. Over half these practices (55.6%)had
The hardware reimbursement levels were established based on real costs incurred by a representative group of practices, large and small in
costs associated with in-office installation of EHR software/hardware which are more significant than those incurred for an ASP-based EMR by
as well as meeting software and hardware compatibility requirements. However though the MAEHC had done an extensive job researching the vendors and making final
•Reducing the risk of data loss in physician offices caused by human, hardware or
and hardware to perform administrative and clinical functions, and most (78.3%)had speed a high internet connection. Furthermore
traditional in-office installation of software/hardware and installation through an external application service provider (ASP.
The district was seeking a â€oehealth check†of their technology systems for hardware, software and network infrastructure as well as IT policies, procedures and organisational structure.
programme, †says Roman Meister, ENERGEX Retail Marketing Manager. â€oeemp packages hardware and software into one product which monitors all energy inputs and costs, providing instant access to
hardware and embedded software technology) shows that collaboration is possible and might also be taken up fruitfully in other clusters.
a successful combination of hardware, software and orgware, viewed from a societal and /or economic point of view
Hardware relates to the material equipment (mostly) involved and software concerns the knowledge in terms of manuals, software, digital content, tacit knowledge involved in
what at first sight are purely hardware innovations, such as the conveyor belt. Without the extremely radical social, financial and
conjunction with smaller amounts of roadside hardware would allow coverage to be extended at much lower cost in
Internet, although that itself drives growth. 31 They include hardware, software applications and telecommunications networks, and increasingly tools that incorporate all three
They designed and built an innovative hardware and software system using touch screen clinical workstations which collected individual patient information,
46 A media access control (MAC) address is a unique identifier that is assigned to network interfaces mostly by a hardware
ï Granular purchase of hardware and software solutions does not provide transparency on governmental level
hardware, software and operations ï Reduction of costs for the migration of services towards new platforms
data movement are similar to those of other"Open"movements such as open source, open hardware open content, and open access
and the rest of 28.0%is assigned to the Hardware sub-sector At the beginning of 2011, in Romania, 14,595 of SMES activated in the ITC field, representing approximately
The solution involving granular acquisition of hardware and software does not provide transparency at governmental level
Open Hardware Open Networks Open Data and Open Knowledge Open hardware: These projects are inspired by the global do-it-yourself maker movement and the spread of maker spaces
They make digital hardware available for people to adapt, hack and shape into tools for social change
Safecast, a project that enables citizens to capture and share measurement on radiation levels, is one example of the potential
of open hardware. It was founded in March 2011 as a response to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
hardware circuit board with a microprocessor, Safecast built their own Geiger counters. These were given to local volunteers
data, open hardware, open networks, and open knowledge; and they give rise to new DSI areas such as:(
Open Hardware Organisations M or e Fi lt er s Screenshot of the crowdmap www. digitalsocial. eu
Open Hardware Organisations M or e Fi lt er s 1 2 3 WHY IS DIGITAL
-ogies such as open hardware may have positive network externalities. Â This network effect applies in a straight
open hardware, open source software open knowledge, data storage and ana -lytics and are producing valuable data
networks, open hardware and distributed social networks can potentially serve collective action and awareness. Making data available as part of a
knowledge, open hardware 4. The area of society the organisa -tions and their activities operate and
Open Knowledge, Open Hardware, Open Data, Open Network. 4 Areas of Society: Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and
hardware and makers movement, which embodies a combination of different design and technology methods, such as fast prototyping, open design, lean
Open hardware seeks to shift the attention away from consumption and resource ex -ploitation, to the creation of new capacities to build the products that people consume
The open hardware movement in particular is about how people share knowledge, skills and tools,
People working on open source hardware are creat -ing new organisations, such as the Open source Hardware Association, to coordinate
research projects, such as the open source cars Wikispeed, and build farming tools and new fabrication machines like the Reprap and others.
Interesting trends are emerging at the intersection between open hardware, DIY culture open source software and open data.
counter, built on the Arduino open hardware board The team turned to †the crowd†via crowdfunding platform, Kickstarter,
open data, free and open software and open hardware Github, the collaborative service for open software developers, is revolutionising
to combine open hardware technologies with new learning methods to experiment with new educational practices, enhanced by the way technology is integrated within the
-works, and open hardware Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of
hardware and open knowledge, are be -ing harnessed by digital social innova -tion. Below we provide a more detailed
on open hardware to build the first Geiger counter sensor kit, on Crowdfunding to fund the development of kit, and on open
Arduino OPEN HARDWARE OPEN HARDWARE new ways of making and using open hard ware solutions and
moving towards and Open source Internet of Thingst Open-source hardware consists of hardware whose blueprints are made publicly avail
-able so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, extend and sell the design or hardware based on that design.
The hardware†s source, the design from which it is made is available in the preferred format for making modifications to it.
hardware uses readily available components and materials, standard processes, open infrastructure, unrestricted content and open-source design tools to maximise the ability
and use hardware. Open-source hardware gives people the free -dom to control their technology while sharing knowledge and encouraging commerce
through the open exchange of designs The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the
potential in open hardware The core to Arduino is a simple, ultra low-cost circuit board, based on an open-source design, armed with a microproces
devices using an open-source hardware board. Arduino has grown to become popular, selling more than one million units to
international maker movement of D. I. Y. hardware hobbyists, such as makerspaces and Fab Labs This makes Arduino a key building block of many digital social innovation initiatives
relying on open hardware, such as Safecastâ and theâ Smart Citizen Kit. The Smart 47growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
Smart Citizen Kit OPEN HARDWARE Citizen Kit is based an Arduino sensor kit that provides sophisticated sensor network tools to citizens,
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things Iot). ) People, places,
Open Hardware Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriã Bethnal Green Ventures
Open Hardware Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriã Bethnal Green Ventures
around open hardware and open net -works and includes organisations such as iminds, Fairphone, the City of Amsterdam
hardware network is the smallest overall it is the most highly interconnected and intermixed with open networks.
-edge, open hardware and open networks Even if an organisation is not central and so has only a few links,
-bining open hardware, open data, open knowledge and open networks 56 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
They combine investments in new hardware and software with experi -ments to discover better ways of delivering healthcare or reducing carbon emissions
new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish, based on open-source and open-hardware developments
and Makerspaces with free software and open hardware training, or by the Open Data Institute (ODI) and Open Knowledge
and open hardware can then be built on top of a public federated platform in a dynamic and flexible way,
the hardware being supported by the supplier on a'best endeavours'basis. 2 ï The legacy system is unable to comply with the latest NHS information
2 The Mcdonnell douglas hardware and spare parts are no longer commercially available and replacements are drawn from stock that has been decommissioned since the introduction of CIP
The legacy Mcdonnell douglas hardware is supported by Northgate on a'best endeavours'basis 26 Part Four NHS Prescription Services:
Duplicate infrastructure, hardware and software arrangements are in place to cope with the two systems. The team has an appropriate mix of skills to maintain and
in case of hardware failure NHS Prescription Services: the impact of legacy ICT Part Five 29
training and organisational changes as well as direct costs of investing in hardware and software solutions While many studies provide evidence of the positive effects of ICT adoption on firm
consumer) buyers of digital content not only about its compatibility with hardware and software, but also about the application of any technical protection measures or digital rights
Open hardware devel -opment is emerging in tangible products and is very interesting from the investors†perspective, as it
devices both from hardware and system level Chatterjee describes quite an interesting approach to entrepreneurship and growth.
hardware labs, are giving us access to tools for developing hardware Some of these trends get accelerated by countries
like India or Kenya, where whole generations leap -frog to new hyper connected devices. At the most
-tomer and we have seen these new hardware tools popping up due to several reasons. Even software
inside technology and enter the world of hardware We have seen high adoption rates of banking apps
One of the first disruptive hardware tools built might be Square (2). Jack Dorsey, the creator of Twitter, was
Might the entry into hardware be a good move for financial institutions Selling hardware is totally different from a ser
-vice offering. The costs of revenue is high in any device manufacturing segment because fixed costs
Often, regular hardware and peripherals are being sold at rock-bottom prices This is the case in the printing industry.
-ogy developments, hardware is the new software Hardware is a good way to create connectivity with
the client We see a potential huge market that might be bene -ficial as well: security is becoming a large concern
majorly by the hardware revolution. Geographically Central and South america, due to its uncapped eco -nomic potential, has a tremendous potential, also in
hardware has a huge potential to change the entire business model of the economic region: having a hit
We expect the hardware device to be the next wave in the financial industry. Especially with the NFC
The hardware and software requirements and the quality levels needed to deploy Onstar safely as a vehicle-based
the hardware related industry Introduction Last year, in the Open Innovation Yearbook 2013 we presented the case of participative innovation in
providing hardware to the market. This hardware will become mainstream, easier to produce in low
-cost countries and will create little jobs in Western Europe. However, in the field of meaningful applica
The type of jobs is shifting from hardware related jobs towards the design of lighting services as well
the hardware related industry 121 The development of meaningful applications requires a changing attitude interconnecting the
The hardware infrastructure al -lows for such flexibility Increasing Safety in an Entertainment District The city of Eindhoven is currently implementing its
more hardware related to new ones that focus more on the ICT and services part. We would espe
In the two categories of IT hardware and software, there were a few European companies that spent more than â 1 billion on R&d in the year 2004
In the IT hardware category, just four companies from Finland (Nokia), Sweden (Ericcson), France Alcatel) and Germany (Infineon Technologies) are
but are clearly a crucial indicator for hardware -related sectors. The Key Figures 2007 Report, using
ICT hardware, including computers and peripherals semiconductors, and telecommunications equipment Europe declined from 63%in 1961 to 41%in 1994
basic, research in hardware and software and contributed to the development of new hard -ware.
hardware products, giving origin to a separate indus -try, which then propagated in several application ar
-tion on a hardware without losing the relevant aspects of the description. For example, it is possible to de
-couple the program from the underlying hardware representation (Shaw, 2004. This is sharply different from what happens in most areas of engineering (as
Hardware, and the Software. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Mounier-Kuhn, P E 1994. French computer manufacturers and
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011