The authors use the software ag -glomeration in Dublin and the IT-sector in Tampere as examples to demonstrate how the
Texas instruments, Infosys Technologies Ltd..In total, Bangalore is the most im -portant centre of civil and military aircraft and aerospace industry and IT in India.
In a historical context, the US major enterprise Texas instruments that †discovered†Bangalore as a location is of great importance.
The settlement of an IBM plant in 1965 can be seen as a major initial impetus for a new phase of economic development as part of a †third industrial
Tuttlingen, or the settlement of major multinational enterprises such as IBM in Montpellier †Big pharma†in North Jutland and Texas instruments in Bangalore.
Soft factors such as regional image and identity and the †openness†of a region are both important inputs as
or teams managing the same tasks (Mcafee, 2006 Rather than e-commerce, it is the use of electronic networks that leads to a higher
of work, such as banking (Mcafee, 2006. ICT facilitates firms†innovativeness by propagating innovations that are structured less than business processes.
which is implemented with business objects to provide the necessary information for the integrated sales system and the resource
solution is based on Hewlett-packard hardware, Oracle RDBMS software and Practical Automation thermal printers, verified for more than 7 years in real-time operation and
The operating system is Microsoft WINDOWS NT for PC€ s & PC Net Servers and HP-UX for RISC machines.
on the IBM tool â€oewebsphereâ€. It is running on the company†s main server (IBM AS 400
Security requirements include user identification and password The typical process is as follows: when a shipment is produced,
Brynjolfsson, E.,Mcafee, A.,Sorell, M. and Zhu, F. 2006. Scale without Mass: Business Process
Mcafee, A p. 2006. Enterprise 2. 0: The Dawn of Emergent Collaboration. MIT Sloan Review, Spring
United states v. Microsoft Intuit Case http://www. usdoj. gov/atr/cases/f0100/0184. htm (Accessed May 18th, 2007
Microsoft for the provision of physical and electronic facilities to support the activities of the group
IBM IMS MAXIMS Intel Microsoft Oracle PA Consulting Pricewaterhousecoopers Total Training Xyea ICT€ s Role in Healthcare Transformation
Report of the Health ICT Industry Group Page 32 Appendix B Companies who have reviewed the report
and wish to be associated with the content -Bearingpoint eircom Helix Health Hewlett packard Financial services IBEC IMEC Technologies
commercial Web-based personal health record (PHR) systems such as Microsoft Healthvault. These applications process, store
As a recent Microsoft survey revealed, a large majority of the US public wants electronic access to their personal health information †both for
access is likely to increase the quality of the care they receive (Microsoft Corporation, 2009.
Microsoft Corporation/Kelton Research (2009), â€oehealth Engagement Survey 2009â€, Microsoft corp.,, Redmond, WA. available at www. microsoft. com/presspass/presskits/industries/healthandlifesciences
/docs/MSHEALTHENGAGEMENTSURVEY2009. ppt OECD (2007), â€oeimproved Health System Performance through Better Care Coordinationâ€, OECD Health Working papers No. 30, Directorate for
Employment, Labour and Social affairs, OECD Publishing www. oecd. org/els/health/workingpapers Rosen, B. 1989), â€oeprofessional Reimbursement and Professional Behavior
) Gov. Malloy Announces Collaboration with IBM to Launch State†s First P-Tech Model School in Norwalk.
Microsoft Net meeting-another free software application-is a simpler alternative Video: One of the best ways to transfer knowledge is through the use of stories.
exercises and intel -lectually challenging games Seek new things to do, and new ways of
and microprocessors (patents held by Intel, for example All patent owners are obliged, in return for patent protection,
How IBM, GE, Harvard Business school and Columbia University are Succeeding at E-learning. Mcgraw-hill, 2002 Schunk, D. H.,Zimmerman B. J.,Self-regulated learning †from teaching to self-reflective prac
created, such as the knowledge base on the Microsoft site (13%)e g http://www. microsoft. com /3. Publications-searchable databases for current and archived articles (11%)e g
http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov /4. Shopping/Auction (5%)e g. http://www. flowerweb. nl/,http://www. locateaflowershop. com
noticeable exceptions, such as IBM and GE of course. But even these large companies have struggled with making the transition.
The IBM analysis was performed on Arab countries where the level of differentiation between the intensity of
Motorola (R&d centre), IBM (R&d centre), HP, Delphi (R&d centre Stakeholder and policy dialogues to achieve the ambitions
alliances in the Japanese computer industry •The success of co-operation among small tradi -tional firms in Italy has inspired regional initiatives
With the great success of some of the world ICT leaders, such as Apple, Google, Intel, and
and control data in information systems and databases; it can also refer to an application of data dictionary systems
uncertainty that may exist in their analysis (IBM 2013). ) A fifth V †value †is included by some
ITU, based on IBM (2012 a speed that are unprecedented. Google for example, is running about a thousand experiments at any given point in time (Varian
Mcafee and Brynjolfsson, 2012. GFT worked by monitoring health-seeking behaviour expressed through online searches, with the search terms
For example, IBM researchers used CDR data from mobile operator Orange to map out citizens†travel routes in Abidjan, the largest city in
Mcafee and Brynjolfsson, 2012. NSOS recognize this shortcoming. In a recent global survey of NSOS from 200 economies, conducted by UNSC
IBM (2012), Analytics: The real-world use of big data. How innovative enterprises extract value from uncertain data.
http://public. dhe. ibm. com/common/ssi/ecm/en/gbe03519usen/GBE03519USEN. PDF IBM (2013), The Four V†s of Big data.
Retrieved from http://www. ibmbigdatahub. com/sites/default/files/infographic file/4-Vs-of-big data. jpg
Mcafee, A. and Brynjolfsson, E. 2012), Big data: the management revolution. Harvard Business Review, 90 (10), 60†6, 68,128
Andrew Mcafee, MIT Center for Digital Business Mark Norman, Zipcar; William Ruh, General electric; Kimberly Stevenson, Intel;
George Westerman MIT Center for Digital Business ACKNOWLEDGMENTS sloanreview. mit. edu EMBRACING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY •MIT sloan MANAGEMENT review 1
intel Gets urgent 10/Executing the Change •making a Case for digital transformation •incentives
few years, ††said Andrew Mcafee. â€oeunfortunately that†s not going to happen, so a critical skill at the top
-At intel, there is no lack of a sense of ur -gency; the company knows mobile
intel believes it needs a more collaborative culture to help it gain an edge in mobile processors
order for intel to compete effectively in the emerging mobile market. then it had to cre
Among steps intel took to improve com -munications were adding 220 video conferencing rooms, electronic white board
network. intel has also set up teams based on accounts, not internal departments intel is taking small, concrete steps to
-wards changing its culture, rather than massive, risky leaps. the small-step strategy is one many companies could adopt when try
intel gets urgent 10 MIT sloan MANAGEMENT review •CAPGEMINI Consulting sloanreview. mit. edu R e s e A r c H r e p o R t e m b R a c i n g D i g
Andrew Mcafee, principal researcher at the Cen -ter for Digital Business, told us in an interview that
we stress the potential of collective intel -ligence as a self-sustaining, self-directed inte -grated and distributed cognitive sys
Apple, Amazon and Microsoft control the mobile market and cloud-based services platforms Apple has started a market that was en
by US companies such as IBM, Google and Ciscos, partly because of the lack of alternatives Take for example the commercial success
-essary to harness the collective intel -ligence of DSI organisations to solve large-scale European social problems
metaphor of emergent collective intel -ligence, and combines the informal na -ture of social networks with a methodo
planned acquisition of Sun microsystems by Oracle. 213 The acquisition raised the issue of the competitive effect of open source software products
Final Report to Microsoft Corporation and Intel Corporation, 2009, p. i, available at http://download. intel. com/pressroom/pdf/cdsvsdownloadsrelease. pdf
312 Marcelo Velã¡squez, A comparative study of the environmental impact of the online and offline movie rental
As technology investor Bill Joy of Sun microsystems explains, a fundamental premise of open innovation is â€oenot all the smart people work for youâ€,
in Europe to get us all on a path to sustainable intel -ligent living. Indeed conference attendees voted on
Intel Labs Europe, Intel. Corp Foreword 5 Uptake Open Innovation 2. 0 in your projects
Curley Martin Intel Labs Europe & National University of Ireland Maynooth, Innovation Value Institute martin. g. curley@intel. com
den Ouden Elke Eindhoven University of Technology, Intelligent Lighting Institute e d. ouden@tue. nl Golebiowska-Tataj Daria European Institute of Innovation and Technology daria. tataj@eit. europa. eu
such as the Intel. Labs Joint Pathfinding process create mechanisms that are able to span the so
Intel Labs Europe, Intel. Corporation Chair Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group martin. g. curley@intel. com
Bror Salmelin MSC Eng. Adviser, Innovation Systems EC Directorate General CONNECT Board member Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group
it, often close to 90 percent, like with Microsoft So where does this lead to the financial industry
capital from outside investors such as Microsoft, which chipped in $42m. Rovio now has 500 employees in Finland and had a turnover of $100m in 2011.
-ments of Intel and Gallina Blanca. Furthermore, the KIC€ s incubator is hosted by †Creapolisâ€, the ESADE
IBM, Nokia, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple show, the platform owner potentially gains sub -stantial advantages in terms of value creation and
Our intangible national intel -lectual capital study revealed early warning signs of financial crisis for countries such as Greece
-Nee, Philips Lighting, Vinotion and the TU/e Intel -ligent Lighting Institute The idea is to install a lighting system that enables
Wikipedia over Microsoft Encarta, the latter probably would have been considered the likelier of the two candidates to succeed,
as Microsoft is funded a well company with extensive resources and an estab -lished infrastructure. Yet reality shows the opposite
IBM graphic Source: IBM Institute for Business Value analysis, 2012 131 identify the practical application of the distinctive
crowd asset classes that may have value for us. Let us consider some of the generic opportunities that
Many large firms such as IBM Procter & gamble or Eli lilly have already successfully adopted the open innovation approach
IBM. The open innovation practices of these companies have been documented widely in the professional press. Large companies deliberately introduce open innovation practices and are
IBM. The open innovation practices of these companies have been documented widely in the professional press. Large companies deliberately introduce open innovation practices and are
recorded against six in the USA (Intel, HP, Cisco Motorola, Texas instruments and Sun) and four in
Japan (Hitachi, Toshiba, NEC and Fujitsu. 1 The situ -ation is even worse in software and computer ser
more than â 1 billion for R&d, while Microsoft, IBM and Oracle combined spent ten times that amount.
UBISOFT Entertainment, Dassault systemes, Sage Amdocs and Invensys). There are few European companies who are not only in the top list of software
champions, such as Bull in France, Olivetti in Italy Siemens nixdorf in Germany, or ICL in the UK, are
The case of Microsoft in operating systems is an ob -vious example. Not surprisingly, in mobile phone
companies such as IBM (Flamm, 1988; Chandler 1990; Langlois, 1992; Mowery, 1996; Langlois and Steinmuller, 1999.
growth of the US computer industry. Universi -ties were important sites for applied, as well as basic, research in hardware and software and
that, IBM had developed the automatic sequence -controlled calculator (ASCC), known as Mark I which was still an electromechanical machine.
-tween IBM and the University of Harvard, which was established in 1939 (Moreau, 1984 Interestingly, as early as in 1946 the Moore
IBM hired Von neumann as a consultant in January 1952 and started a collaboration with his organiza
-ly days of the computer industry we witness many universities building their own machines, based on Von neumann or Turing architectures
commercial move by IBM. In 1954 IBM delivered the 650, a machine that was installed mainly for
business purposes in a thousand companies. Thomas Watson Jr decided that a university could benefit from a discount up to 60%on the price of the 650 if
John Backus at IBM in 1954 (Pugh, 1995), the APT language for the control of machine tools was devel
IBM was forced by the US authorities to unbundle the commercialization of software from sales of
dedicated computer industry they were rather com -mitted to fundamental research, education, scientific advice and consultancy
promising start with the computer industry and built up foundations that could evolve into industrial competitiveness.
IBM. Unfortunately, although highly innovative, the machine had several problems that would have re -quired substantive development,
-ty, IBM and the Bell laboratories in the USA Williams, 2000. In the early history of computing
Zuse and IBM are special cases. From the Moore School and the University of Iowa
For a large industry such as the computer industry an overall ecology of abstract ideas, engineering capabilities, technical skills, and entrepreneurial vi
leading to IBM System/360. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Pugh, E 1995. Building IBM: Shaping an Industry and its Tech
-nology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Randell, B 1980. The COLOSSUS. In A History of Computing in
My life at IBM and Beyond New york: Bantam Wildavsky, B 2010. The Great Brain Race.
For example, while the US are home to companies such as Google, Microsoft and Ama -zon which are all fairly young
in order to become the Googles, Microsofts or Amazons of tomorrow. The Euro -pean Commission†s â€oeinnovation Union†Communication of October 2010, one of seven flagships of the
Bruegel report are founded Microsoft 1975, the US€ fourth largest R&d spender), Amgen (1980, tenth largest in R&d) and Cisco (1984, 12th in R&d.
Companies like Microsoft, Genetech, Google and Facebook not only grew rapidly but also stimu -28 For recent studies on the issue of determinants of firm growth see Moreno/Casillas (2008;
For example, while the US are home to companies such as Google, Microsoft and Ama -zon which are all fairly young
in order to become the Googles, Microsofts or Amazons of tomorrow. The Euro -pean Commission†s â€oeinnovation Union†Communication of October 2010, one of seven flagships of the
Bruegel report are founded Microsoft 1975, the US€ fourth largest R&d spender), Amgen (1980, tenth largest in R&d) and Cisco (1984, 12th in R&d.
Companies like Microsoft, Genetech, Google and Facebook not only grew rapidly but also stimu -28 For recent studies on the issue of determinants of firm growth see Moreno/Casillas (2008;
 ACER  elaborates  Framework  Guidelines  Subsequently  the  European  Network
acer mã¡s competitivas las empresas castellano-manchegas a travã s del incremento de las empresas innovadoras, del gasto privado en I+D+i y del nã mero de
standard Intel Pentium 4 CPU 1. 70 GHZ Machines with 512 MB RAM, WINDOWS XP professional OS
Hewlett packard, Microsoft, Accenture and Samsung The pledges also come from universities academies and local governments as well
Another pledge comes from Microsoft Europe which aims to increase the number of their high quality apprenticeships and
Institutional Affairs at Microsoft, told Euractiv that in January the company committed to a further two pledges focused
Institutional Affairs at Microsoft, said that the growing integration of ICT across various sectors, the lack of skilled professionals is of
application environments was the widespread use of the IBM 3270, the DEC VT-100 and other standards for"intelligent
use the rhetoric of Steve jobs, one of Apple computer's cofounders. On the other hand, however, the disruptive effects of relentless innovation are inimical to the stabilization of routine and the improvement of
light of these developments in 1995, Nathan Myrvhold of Microsoft suggested that software is a gas that
Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar
multiple dimensions, encompassing sensor networks able to provide real world intel -ligence or the goal-oriented autonomous collaboration of distributed objects via local
microsoft. com/pubs/70208/tr-2005-111. pdf 21. Honda, M.:Call for contribution to middlebox survey (2010), http://www. ietf
For instance, Tulafale 6, a tool by Microsoft Research based on Proverif 7, exploits abstract interpretation for veriï cation of web services
2 IBM Research †Zuâ rich, Ruâ schlikon, Switzerland huselmar@de. ibm. com, mts@zurich. ibm. com
3 TU Darmstadt, Germany ahmad. sadeghi@trust. rub. de Abstract. Cloud computing is a new service delivery paradigm that
Similarly, IBM has launched a FISMA compliant Federal Community Cloud in 2010 Other cloud providers also adapt basic service security to the needs of spe
-nounced in 2007, Microsoft has developed in the past years several Saas cloud services such as the Business Productivity Online Suite (BPOS.
user, Microsoft oï €ers dedicated private cloud hosting and supports third-party or customer-site hosting. This allows tailor made solutions to speciï c security
the base security of Microsoft public cloud services is adapted to the targeted market. Whereas Microsoft uses, e g.,
, for the Oï ce Live Workspace-in analogy to what Google does with Gmail-unencrypted data transfer between the cloud
and the user, cloud services for more sensitive markets (such as Microsoft Health Vault) use SSL encryption by default
, Novell, IBM), virtual private network -ing (e g.,, Amazon Virtual Private cloud), encryption (e g.,, Amazon managed encryption services) and web traï c ï ltering services (e g.,
//www. symantec. com/connect/blogs/w32stuxnet-dossier 6. Chow, R.,Golle, P.,Jakobsson, M.,Shi, E.,Staddon, J.,Masuoka, R.,Molina
authorization language (EPAL 1. 1). IBM Research Report (2003 Data Usage Control in the future Internet Cloud 231
IBM Corporation (2008 30. Prehofer, C.,Bettstetter, C.:Self-organization in Communication Networks: Principles and Design Paradigms.
1 Intel, Ireland, {joe. m. butler, michael. nolan}@ intel. com 2 Telefã nica Investigaciã n y Desarrollo, Spain, juanlr@tid. com
3 SAP AG, Germany, wolfgang. theilmann@sap. com 4 ENG, Italy, francesco. torelli@eng. com
Whitepaper IBM developerworks (March 2008), http://www. ibm. com/developer works/autonomic/library/ac-edge4
Large ICT companies, like Microsoft which consumes up to 27mw of energy at any given time 1,
such as IBM, Cisco, Microsoft, are involved strongly in and are contributing to shaping the research agenda.
IBM Journal of Research & development 53 (3), 338†353 (2009 11. European commission: Growing Regions, Growing Europe:
>/NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor weergave op een beeldscherm, e-mail en internet.
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As pointed out by IBM, examples of value added exploitation of data streams concern the analysis of 5 million daily trade events
5 See for example how IBM has exploited/integrated Hadoop 42 1. 1 Introduction 7 management. Moreover, marketing and service may exploit Big data for
industries, confirming the claim by Andrew Mcafee and Erik Brynjolfsson 8 that data-driven decisions are better decisions,
6. IBM (2013) What is big data? http://www-01. ibm. com/software/data/bigdata/./Accessed 9 jul
2013 7. Pospiech M, Felden C (2012) Big data†a state-of-the-art. In: Americas conference on
8. Mcafee A, Brynjolfsson E (2012) Big data: the management revolution. Harv Bus Rev 90 (10:
IBM, Zikopoulos P, Eaton C (2011) Understanding big data: analytics for enterprise class hadoop and streaming data, 1st edn.
Microsoft Azure Google Appengine Amazon Simple DB/S3 Amazon EC2 Gogrid Flexiscale Data centres Fig. 2. 2 Cloud computing architecture.
High density, low cost chips •IBM, Intel, AMD chips 50 3 Mobile Services As pointed out by Bagozzi 20,
operating systems (Apple, Samsung, Google, Microsoft, RIM thus with a degree of freedom and control over the application
in order to prevent and control risks through marketing intel -ligence tools, these have to use advanced and appropriate metrics.
, IBM System S, storing and processing large volume of data streams in real time Stream synopsis algorithms and software
/Internet of things •Microsoft Sensormap •Radio frequency identification (RFID) embedded in objects for tracking commercial products, in large animals for tracing
•involve also internal users in a proactive participation to the marketing intel -ligence process (helping
Moreover, Mcafee Inc. corporation, which is an information security specialist has cooperated with Carnegie mellon University, in a report entitled †Mobility and
smartphones, the Mcafee study concludes that theft or loss of the devices is considered as a bigger security threat,
According to Mcafee, a third of such devices losses resulted in a financial impact on the organization.
by Intel IT center in a form of white paper 14 in which another five steps have
In its report about IT consumerization 14, Intel has provided a set of best practices (see Fig. 5. 2) for supporting employee-owned devices in the enterprise
According to 15, Microsoft has used qualitative and quantitative research in several countries to understand the different types of information workers, which
-ration and Voip with other products such as Microsoft Lync 2013. The users of this solution can access enhanced media and graphic software from virtually any
This acquisition by Microsoft is a clear example of the importance of social networking within work environments
which is a communication product that Microsoft acquired last year for $8. 5bn and it is expected to integrate with its mainstream business
Intel (2012) Five steps to consumerization of IT in the Enterprise. White Pap from Intel
15. Harteveld A (2012) How the consumerization of IT affects your business†microsoft recommendations for a consumerization of IT strategy.
Microsoft Services Enterprise Architecture, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, pp 1†22 16. Harteveld A (2012) Microsoft recommendations for a consumerization of IT strategy
Microsoft Services Enterprise Architecture, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, pp 1†16 17. Taylor P (2012) Consumerization of corporate IT accelerate.
In: Financial times. http://www ft com/cms/s/0/a2fb5172-c077-11e1-982d-00144feabdc0. html#axzz2lgryjslf.
Accessed 21 Nov 2013 18. Carr DF (2011) How Avaya Is Embracing Social, Consumerization Trends.
In: Information week. http://www. informationweek. com/how-avaya-is-embracing-social-consumerization -trends/d d-id/1101720?
Microsoft Sharepoint, IBM Lotus notes and Google apps for business. The latter one con -tains many useful applications such as Google doc for file sharing among team
members, Google Calendar for scheduling meeting at times that works for everyone with features such as reminders, Google Drive for storing, sharing and
Another example is produced by Adobe Systems Incorporation that introduced a collaborative tool called Adobe Story that provides the creative and
enterprise customers with the ability to jointly create a video script Taking the above issues into account,
giant, Microsoft. Skype can be used to meet the following goals •calling and video conferencing over the internet
Microsoft Skydrive Skydrive is a file hosting service from Microsoft that allows users to upload and
sync files to cloud storage and then access them from a Web browser or their local device.
which means that users do not require a Microsoft account to access them. The features of the Microsoft Skydrive service include
•It allows users to upload, create, edit, and share Microsoft office documents directly within a Web browser
Microsoft Onenote Onenote is a software from Microsoft that enables a free-form information gathering and provides capabilities for multi-user teamwork.
It can accept entries such as users†handwritten or typed notes, sketches and audio explanations. Notes
Also, Microsoft offers a web-based 6. 4 Digital Collaboration Systems and Ideas 125 version of Onenote as part of Skydrive or Office Web Apps, providing users with
Symantec Corp.;while approximately $1 trillion according to Mc afee Inc However, apart from the presence of no standard mechanism for accounting for
IBM Syst J 32: 4†16 20. Broadbent M, Weill P (1993) Improving business and information strategy alignment
IBM Syst J 32: 162†179 21. Simonsson M, Johnson P, Ekstedt M (2010) The effect of IT governance maturity ON IT
IBM Institute for Business Value 12, interviewing 1, 130 entrepreneurs, CEOS and general managers working in different industries.
IBM (2009) IBM Institute for Business Value†s Biannual Global CEO Study 2009 13. Casadesus-Masanell R, Ricart JE (2007) Competing through business models†WP no 713
-ground and experience on Google software, developed at the IBM Research Lab in Haifa, while his two partners both have extensive experience in the banking
Google, Paypal, Verisign and Sun microsystems In Table 10.5 the time-to-market drivers of competitiveness display an
Microsoft Skydrive Microsoft Onenote 6. 4. 6 Online Communities 6. 4. 7 Crowdsourcing 6. 5†Case studies
6. 6†Summary References 7 Digital Business Identity Abstract 7. 1†Introduction 7. 2†Privacy and Security Drivers and Challenges
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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