Their computing power can now then be used to store and analyse medical information, sensor and
By centralising computing, data storage and service provision (via the Cloud), and by striking strategic alliances between the largest
is to teach the high-level abstraction of programming as a sequence of instructions to young children in schools, creating an appealing game.
as well as access to computing resources). Any privileged access provided to the owner/managers of the infrastructure would alter free competi
XML52 and RDF53 (which includes Linked Data54 and SPARQL end-points55. Opening up access to an application†s source code exposes that code to a relatively large number
of developers, subjecting it to rigorous critical inquiry of a pool of reviewers larger than
http://www. sinnergiak. org/index. php /resindex-regional-social-innovation -index /SIMPACT Project http://www. simpact-project. eu
A Faster Algorithm for Betweenness Centrality, Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25 (2): 163-177 Clauset, A. et al.
19 http://www. bmbf. de/en/19955. php about-city-budgets-heres-what-happened 31 http://council. nyc. gov/html/action
/rdf-sparql-query /56 http://www. theopeninter. net /57 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki /Dataportability
/index. php/Event: Using technology to engage citizens with well-being Statistics -Perspectives from civil Society 80 http://global. census. okfn. org
Information technologies, 12 (2), 59-70 Herrington, A. 2008. Adult educators†authentic use of smartphones to create digital teaching resources
Journal of Computing in Higher education 16 (2), 97-116 Reimann, P, . & Goodyear, P. 2004).
Douglas Information system (MDIS) which provides the operator terminals and the Sun Pricing system (SPS) which provides the calculation and validation capability
4. 28 The CIP system has an inbuilt business rule processing engine based on Java technology.
place for future upgrade Performance. The availability and performance of the legacy system is captured as part of service performance measurement
Security of Information systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security; OECD (1999), Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic commerce;
E-commerce maintenance and upgrades can be very costly, especially when firms prefer a highly sophisticated virtual shop.
upgrades may increase over time as the volume of on-line transactions grows, and this may raise costs and
environment are reflected in the 2002 OECD â€oeguidelines for the Security of Information systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Securityâ€, a revision of the 1992 â€oeoecd Guidelines on Security of
www. strategis. ic. gc. ca/sc indps/ebiz/engdoc/homepage. php However, these programmes need to be designed carefully to enhance their effectiveness.
Langdon, S. 2001), â€oethe Influence of Information technology on the Growth of the Microbusiness†paper presented at the 24th ISBA National Small Firms Policy and Research Conference
Information technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship, OECD, Paris OECD (2001b), â€oebroadband Infrastructure Deployment: the Role of Government Assistanceâ€, OECD
OECD (2002b), Information technology Outlook 2002, OECD, Paris OECD (2002c), Measuring the Information Economy, OECD, Paris
OECD (2002e), â€oeguidelines for the Security of Information systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Securityâ€, OECD, Paris
E-business among SMES in Lanarkshireâ€, Computing and Information systems, Vol. 8, pp. 58-66 Scupola, A. 2002), â€oeadoption Issues of Business-to-business Internet Commerce in European SMES€, in
use of the Internal Market Information system (IMI) for Article 19 ECD could also be explored
http://legalis. net/spip. php? page=jurisprudence -decision&id article=3001 #90 Hamburg Regional Court, 03.09.2010, ref. no. 308 O 27/09;
http://www. legalis. net/spip. php? page=jurisprudence -decision&id article=2354 93 Paris Civil Court, 13.05.2009;
http://www. legalis. net/spip. php? page=jurisprudence -decision&id article=2639 29 •In the ebay vs.
http://www. legalis. net/spip. php? article3144 95 High court of England and Wales, 22.05.2009,2009 EWHC 1094 (Ch;
http://www. legalis. net/spip. php? page=jurisprudence-decision&id article=2488 102 Court of cassation, Third Criminal Chamber, 29.09.2009, ref. no. 49437;
http://www. legalis. net/spip. php? page=breves-article&id article=213 111 TGI Nanterre, 24.05.2000; available at:
http://www. legalis. net/spip. php? page=jurisprudence -decision&id article=2639 144 High court of Justice of England and Wales, Queen's Bench Division, 20.04.2011;
180 European commission, Flash Eurobarometer 300: Retailers'attitudes toward cross-border trade and consumer protection. March 2011, available at:
188 European commission, Flash Eurobarometer 300: Retailers'attitudes toward cross-border trade and consumer protection. March 2011, available at:
independent developers of applications requiring the use of Apple's native programming tools and approved software languages to the detriment of third-party software.
224 See Eurobarometer Flash 320, European contract law in business-to-business transactions, 2011, available at http://ec. europa. eu/public opinion/flash/fl 320 sum en. pdf and Eurobarometer Flash 321, European
contract law in consumer transactions, 2011, available at http://ec. europa. eu/public opinion/flash/fl 321 sum en. pdf
284 The Gallup Organization for DG Communication, Flash Eurobarometer 300, Retailers†attitudes towards cross-border trade and consumer protection, March 2011, p 79, available at
http://www. et. gr/index. php? option=com wrapper&view=wrapper&itemid=104& lang=en Spain Transposition deadline:
http://www. likumi. lv/doc. php? id=109879&from=off 2. Patä rä tä ju tiesä bu aizsardzä bas likums
http://www. likumi. lv/doc. php? id=23309 3. Par reglamentä tajä m profesijä m un profesionä lä s kvalifikä cijas atzä Å¡
http://www. likumi. lv/doc. php? id=26021 4. Latvijas Republikas Civillikums Legal act: Likums; Official Journal:
http://www. likumi. lv/doc. php? id=96619 6. Grozä jumi Patä rä tä ju tiesä bu aizsardzä bas likumä
http://www. likumi. lv/doc. php? id=221390 127 Lithuania: Transposition deadline: 01/05/2004 1. Lietuvos Respublikos informacinä s visuomenä s paslaugå Ä statymas Nr.
http://www. legi-internet. ro/index. php? id=22 132 3. Lege privind unele mä suri pentru asigurarea tranparenå£ei à n exercitarea
http://legislatie. resurse-pentru-democratie. org/161 2003. php Slovenia Transposition deadline: 01/05/2004 1. Zakon o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o varstvu potroå¡
Information technology will play a special role because IT can supply the necessary connectiv -ity and enable social networking among innovators
soaked storylines (all those sagas), bold design, ace computer programming and what might be called politely †autistic creativityâ€
inderscience. com/info/inarticle. php? artid=23374 (further references:( (29)( 35)( 40)( 42)( 51)( 60)( 61
•Computer skills as query languages, database design, mining and interactive data analysis scripting or programming languages, expert
systems and machine learning, etc •Knowledge based on mathematics like rela -tional algebra and statistical but also predictive
information technology to make driving safer and more secure? †Onstar now asks, †What do custom
can information technology improve the driving ex -perience, whether during a long commute, a cross -country drive,
-plications programming interface of its automotive cloud platform that enables Onstar-based services to developers. To illustrate its potential,
applications programming interface, Relayrides allows renters to use remote features with their smartphones, such as unlocking vehicles remotely
-tions and information technologies, networked individuals around the globe are no longer passive and docile recipients of dispensed instructions and
development environment and access point for new services One example of the city†s activities in the field of
/viewpressrelease. php? pr=405 11) http://mobihealthnews. com/30616 /global-mobile-health-market-to-grow-to-49b-by-2020
Technological developments include an upgrade of the public lighting infrastructure and system by connecting to ICT solutions.
information systems DNA Interactif Fashion (see p 29) also illustrates how an SME can transform an industry, in this case
Association for Information systems, Vol. 16,1-25-25; Shafer, M. S.,Smith, H. J. and Linder, J. C. 2005), The
for Information systems Chapter 4 98 29 Chesbrough, H. 2007), Why companies should have open business models, MIT Sloan Management
A two-stage clustering algorithm with robust recovery characteristics. Educational and Psychological Measurement 40,755 -759
Information systems Research 1, 89-113 Nalebuff, B. J.,Brandenburger A m.,1996. Co-opetition. London: Harpercollins
A two-stage clustering algorithm with robust recovery characteristics. Educational and Psychological Mea -surement 40, 755†759
A two-stage clustering algorithm with robust recovery characteristics. Educational and Psychological Mea -surement 40, 755†759
information systems DNA Interactif Fashion (see p 29) also illustrates how an SME can transform an industry, in this case
Association for Information systems, Vol. 16,1-25-25; Shafer, M. S.,Smith, H. J. and Linder, J. C. 2005), The
for Information systems Chapter 4 98 29 Chesbrough, H. 2007), Why companies should have open business models, MIT Sloan Management
The reasons behind the poor competitiveness of the European information technology (IT) industry vis -Ã-vis the US one have been discussed many times.
scientists in computer science, it shows that these conditions were met only in the US academic system
1, 010 scientists in computer science worldwide Finally, we illustrate some policy implications of these findings and draw conclusions
of computer science were conceived by European thinkers (Alan Turing and John Von neumann) the evolution of the field in the half-century after WWII
Table 1. Origins of most important ideas in computer science and technology Top ten ideas in computer science
1. Turing machine (Goldstine and Von neumann; Turing 2. Programming languages; formal description of syntax and semantics;
LISP (Mccarthy 3. Memory hierarchy; cache memory 4. User interface; graphic user interface (GUI; concept of window (Xerox Palo alto Research center;
9. Efficient algorithms; data structure (Knuth and Tarjan 10. Artificial intelligence Source: our elaboration from expert opinion
Luckily, computer science and the computer in -dustry have been the object of a massive historical literature, that has highlighted several key factors
history of computing in which this contribution is more evident. Evidence on the USA is offered first
The era of digital computing in the USA was inau -gurated by the ENIAC electronic calculator (Ceruzzi
data processing or scientific computing (Watson 1990). ) This opened the way to a large diffusion of courses in computer science across US universities
Meanwhile, US universities started to be involved in research on the component technologies underly -ing the computer.
the field of high-level programming languages, for both the USA and Europe. While the single most
important language, FORTRAN, was invented by John Backus at IBM in 1954 (Pugh, 1995), the APT
1955, the ALGOL 60 was created by a committee convened by F L Bauer from the University of Mu
and COBOL was promoted by a group of universities and computer users which held a meeting at the Computation Center of the
University of Pennsylvania in 1959. In turn, the LISP LANGUAGE was developed by John Mccarthy at MIT in 1958 (Moreau, 1984), PASCAL was devel
-oped by Niklaus Wirth at ETH in Zurich (Switzer -land) in the period 1968†1969 (Wirth, 1996) and
C++ ,it was developed in 1979 at Bell laboratories by Bjarne Stroustrup, on the basis of the work he
to investigate new computing techniques Throughout its entire life, IPTO followed the rules prescribed by its early director, Joseph C R Licklider
-opment of the automatic computing engine (ACE which was realized in 1950 and was the basis of a
that prepared for high-level programming languages such as symbolic labels, macros, and subroutine libraries (Books LLC, 2010a.
programming languages and developed the notion of bracketed structures, a fundamental breakthrough in computer science, while Bauer was the first to
propose the stack method of expression evaluation Jointly, they developed fundamental works on com -pilers (Books LLC, 2010b
In the early history of computing technology Europe and the USA were equally competitive These short summaries also make it clear that
-tioned in the studies of history of computing after the 1970s. This is an interesting puzzle.
that the institutionalization of computer science as an academic discipline took place earlier in the USA, approximately in the 1950s, than in Europe
the search regime of computer science In a stream of recent papers (Bonaccorsi, 2007 2008; 2010;
characterize the history of computer science from the point of view of the underlying abstract dynam -ics of knowledge
computer science, with a collective introduction NRC, 2004. The opening description sets the stage for our discussion
Computer science embraces questions ranging from the properties of electronic devices to the character of human understanding, from indi
Computer science encompasses basic research that seeks fundamental under -standing of computational phenomena, as well as applied research.
from experimental physics, in computer science there is a significant overlap. Great theorists also en -gage in developing
computer science research (NRC, 2004: 15 †involves symbols and their manipulation and the creation and manipulation of abstractions
†creates and studies algorithms and artificial constructs, notably unlimited by physical laws †exploits and addresses exponential growth
from Aiken and Wilkes to Algol, the vast majority of the essential steps were achieved on
visible in programming, and abstract automati -zation is at least not a usual industrial subject Zemanek, 1997: 16
computer science has been characterized by turbulent We conclude that the search regime of computer science has been characterized by a turbulent rate of
growth, proliferation dynamics, and strong cognitive and institutional complementarity European competitiveness: IT and long-term scientific performance
-tude increases in computing power over time relaxing year after year the constraints on computa -tion. At the same time, the symbolic representational
Programming languages added further diversity to the search regime, by allowing computing results to be obtained in many different programming ways
The abstract nature of computer objects (e g. data procedures) allowed a process of progressive trans
-formation of many fields of reality, previously repre -sented in analogical ways, in the form of bits.
into computer science, creating powerful forms of cognitive complementarity. Not only mathematics logics, and electric and electronic engineering have
been involved into computer science since the be -ginning, but also biology and chemistry (bioinfor -matics), earth sciences (geographic information
the relationship with computer science. In all cases there was not just †applicationâ€, but, as noted above
In computer science this complementarity comes from the constitutive in -terplay between theoretical work and pragmatic
computer science An analysis of the CVS of top computer scientists An interesting perspective is to look at the large
computer science are recorded automatically by Citeseer, 2 a highly structured indexing system estab -lished in 1997 and endorsed by most scientific socie
-ties and departments in computer science worldwide The Citeseer service ranks scientists by the total number of citations, without checking for homo
computer science, irrespective of their age. Their av -erage age is 56 years, with a minimum of 30 years
rank high in the computer science field without a Phd from either the USA or Europe, with the USA
computer science and information technology, US Table 2. Distribution of degrees of top computer scientists by geographical area Area Phd degree Master degree Bachelor degree
the computer science field without a Phd from either the USA or Europe with the USA leading by a large
Table 3. Distribution of year and place of Phd degree of top scientists in computer science
Table 4. Ranking of top 15 universities granting Phd, Master and Bachelor degrees to top scientists in computer science
-dents considering a career in computer science. In this list the Indian Institute of technology ranks se -cond, contributing with 34 undergraduate students to
for a career in computer science is worldwide. En -try points are good universities offering strong
computer science is not globally competitive. If it were competitive we would see more students mi
key leaders in computer science Not surprisingly, computer science is number one at the level of Master degrees, a stage in which some
focusing is required. Still, it covers only 34.1%of observable cases (including missing observations Finally, at the Phd stage the disciplinary affiliation
of computer science dominates with 38.2%of cases The large number of missing observations may con
Phd is in computer science At the same time an interesting tentative interpre -tation can be offered. Computer science is a relative
-ly young discipline. It has not the long scientific history of physics, mathematics, or chemistry
%Computer science 327 38.2 156 34.1 102 15.9 Engineering 116 13.6 113 24.7 165 25.7 Mathematics 90 10.5 75 16.4 165 25.7
mathematics, logics, computation, probability, and is also an application-oriented discipline, with a face towards the industrial and commercial feasibility of
expertise with advanced computer science This interpretation is confirmed by Table 6, which shows the transition matrix between the Bachelor
We therefore conclude that computer science is a field characterized by a high degree of disciplinary mobility, attracting competences from related fields
Computer science-2. 0 2 79.4 81 15.7 16 15.7 3 2. 9 102 100.0 Total 51 19.7 85 50.9 220 14.8 64 14.8 12 2. 8 432 100.0
The search regime of computer science has been characterized by a turbulent rate of growth, proliferation dynamics and strong cognitive and institutional
-ered important in the computer science community and do not include many top conferences, that are
of the search regime in computer science Discussion of findings and policy implications The hidden dimension of industrial competitiveness
-ent disciplines around computer science, enjoy a rapid career, have extensive industry involvement as witnessed by research collaborations, as well as
Computer science has been based on a fierce competition for students and researchers worldwide Knowing how severe these demands are, top class
-covered in the computer science is becoming widespread (Wildavsky, 2010. This will continue to put pressure on European higher education systems
The search regime in computer science is based on a massive and fast effort of exploration of
Beyond computation: information technology, organizational transformation, and business per -formance. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14 (4), 23†48
The Official History of Britain†s Leading Information systems Company. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press Campbell-Kelly, M 2003.
A History of Modern Computing. Cambridge MA: MIT Press (2nd edition, 2003 Chandler, A 1990.
-ry of Programming languages-II, T J Bergin and R G Gibson eds.).) New york: Addison-Wesley
In A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century. A Collection of Essays, N Metropolis, J Howlett and G Rota
electronic computing at Bull. Annals of the History of Compu -ting, 12 (1), 5†22
Computer science. Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field. WASHINGTON DC National Academies Press Nicoletti, G and S Scarpetta 2003.
escaped from the lab. In Computer science. Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field, National Research Council
The COLOSSUS. In A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century. A Collection of Essays, N Metropolis
Strategies for software engineering research. In Computer science. Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field, National Research Council (ed.),pp 151†158
WASHINGTON DC: National Academies Press Stroustrup, B 1996. A history of C++ :++1979†1991. In History of
Programming languages-II, T J Bergin and R G Gibson eds.).) New york: Addison-Wesley Swedin, E g and D L Ferro 2005.
Computers. The Life story of a Technology. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press Ten Raa, T and E N Wolff 2000.
Engineering and Computer science at MIT, 1882†1982 Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Williams, M R 2000 A preview of things to come:
History of Programming languages-II, T J Bergin and R G Gibson (eds..New york, Addison-Wesley
In Foundations of Computer science. Potential -Theory-Cognition, C Freksa, M Jantzen and R Valk (eds
at org. apache. tika. parser. pdf. PDF2XHTML. process (PDF2XHTML. java: 146 at org. apache. tika. parser. pdf. PDFPARSER. parse (PDFPARSER. java:
159 at org. apache. tika. parser. Compositeparser. parse (Compositeparser. java: 244 at org. apache. tika. parser.
Compositeparser. parse (Compositeparser. java: 244 at org. apache. tika. parser. Autodetectparser. parse (Autodetectparser. java: 121
at org. apache. tika. cli. Tikacli$outputtype. process (Tikacli. java: 143 at org. apache. tika. cli.
Tikacli. process (Tikacli. java: 422 at org. apache. tika. cli. Tikacli. main (Tikacli. java: 113
Caused by: java. io. IOEXCEPTION: javax. crypto. Illegalblocksizeexception: Input length must be multiple of 16
when decrypting with padded cipher at javax. crypto. Cipherinputstream. getmoredata (Cipherinputstream. java: 115 at javax. crypto.
Cipherinputstream. read (Cipherinputstream. java: 233 at javax. crypto. Cipherinputstream. read (Cipherinputstream. java: 209 at org. apache. pdfbox. pdmodel. encryption.
Securityhandler. encryptdata (Securityhandler. java: 312 at org. apache. pdfbox. pdmodel. encryption. Securityhandler. decryptstream (Securityhandler. java:
413 at org. apache. pdfbox. pdmodel. encryption. Securityhandler. decrypt (Securityhandler. java: 386 at org. apache. pdfbox. pdmodel. encryption.
Securityhandler. decryptobject (Securityhandler. java: 361 at org. apache. pdfbox. pdmodel. encryption. Securityhandler. proceeddecryption (Securityhandler. java:
192 at org. apache. pdfbox. pdmodel. encryption. Standardsecurityhandler. decryptdocument (Standardsecurityhandler. java: 158 at org. apache. pdfbox. pdmodel.
PDDOCUMENT. openprotection (PDDOCUMENT. java: 1597 at org. apache. pdfbox. pdmodel. PDDOCUMENT. decrypt (PDDOCUMENT. java: 943
at org. apache. pdfbox. util. PDFTEXTSTRIPPER. writetext (PDFTEXTSTRIPPER. java: 337 at org. apache. tika. parser. pdf. PDF2XHTML. process (PDF2XHTML. java:
130 7 more Caused by: javax. crypto. Illegalblocksizeexception: Input length must be multiple of 16
when decrypting with padded cipher at com. sun. crypto. provider. Ciphercore. dofinal (Ciphercore. java: 750
at com. sun. crypto. provider. Ciphercore. dofinal (Ciphercore. java: 676 at com. sun. crypto. provider.
AESCIPHER. enginedofinal (AESCIPHER. java: 313 at javax. crypto. Cipher. dofinal (Cipher. java: 1970 at javax. crypto.
Cipherinputstream. getmoredata (Cipherinputstream. java: 112 19 more
Dublin Institute of technology ARROW@DIT Articles School of Marketing 1996-01-01 Perceived Barriers to Innovation in Small to
Mediume Enterprises (SMES Thomas Cooney Dublin Institute of technology, thomas. cooney@dit. ie Follow this and additional works at:
http://arrow. dit. ie/buschmarart Part of the Marketing Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of
Marketing at ARROW@DIT. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of ARROW@DIT. For more information
please contact yvonne. desmond@dit. ie, arrow. admin@dit. ie This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution
-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3. 0 License Recommended Citation Cooney, T. 1996) Perceived barriers to innovation in small to mediume enterprises (SMES.
Irish Marketing Review, Vol. 9, pp. 87-97 Dublin Institute of technology ARROW@DIT 1996-01-01
Perceived Barriers to Innovation in Small to Mediume Enterprises (SMES Thomas Cooney Recommended Citation untitled
INNO-Grips †Global Review of Innovation Policy Studies http://www. proinno-europe. eu/innogrips2
8 See the results of a Flash Eurobarometer survey in Gallup Organisation (2009), p. 5
/69 See Symbion homepage, English version, at http://symbion. dk/index. php? id=815 Policies for high-growth innovative SMES v1. 6
-ample in environmental technology, biotechnology, power efficiency and mobile information technology. The Program has created a specialized â€oebio Accelerace†for early stage biotech projects
75 See https://www. efvf2011. b2bmatchmaking. com/p index. php 76 See http://www. tem. fi/?
http://ventureconnection. sfu. ca/index. php?//grow/nrc irap industry technology advisors ita /88 Directly translated: â€oehigh Tech Start-up Fundsâ€;
-bile information technology The case studies conducted for this report provide some information about sectoral foci of policies for high
sub-programme named Get-Up (Growing Enterprises through Technology Upgrade. SPRING collaborates with trade development agencies to assist promising local businesses with gov
named Get-Up (Growing Enterprises through Technology Upgrade. Exhibit 5-5 provides an overview of the
http://www. nap. edu/catalog. php? record id=11963 160 See: An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the Department of defense (2009
http://www. nap. edu/openbook. php? record id=11963&page=65 Policies for high-growth innovative SMES v1. 6
If Europe plans to put programming into place for which SMES will be expected to apply,
(Available at http://www. nap. edu/openbook. php? record id=11963&page=65 Websites ï Ontario programs:
-nology and information technology, employment and human resources, and financing Addressing barriers to access finance Beyond its regular annual reports, the SME Agency has been active recently in commissioning numerous
(1) technology development and IT (information technology) adoption and (2) new business activities Further policy fields Further important fields of current Japanese SME policy include the following
(2) projects to upgrade traditional industry, aimed at developing new technology or products;(3) co
https://www. efvf2011. b2bmatchmaking. com/p index. php, last accessed May 2011 Exponential. Training & Assessment, EU Projects:
8 See the results of a Flash Eurobarometer survey in Gallup Organisation (2009), p. 5
/69 See Symbion homepage, English version, at http://symbion. dk/index. php? id=815 Policies for high-growth innovative SMES v1. 6
-ample in environmental technology, biotechnology, power efficiency and mobile information technology. The Program has created a specialized â€oebio Accelerace†for early stage biotech projects
75 See https://www. efvf2011. b2bmatchmaking. com/p index. php 76 See http://www. tem. fi/?
http://ventureconnection. sfu. ca/index. php?//grow/nrc irap industry technology advisors ita /88 Directly translated: â€oehigh Tech Start-up Fundsâ€;
-bile information technology The case studies conducted for this report provide some information about sectoral foci of policies for high
sub-programme named Get-Up (Growing Enterprises through Technology Upgrade. SPRING collaborates with trade development agencies to assist promising local businesses with gov
named Get-Up (Growing Enterprises through Technology Upgrade. Exhibit 5-5 provides an overview of the
http://www. nap. edu/catalog. php? record id=11963 160 See: An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the Department of defense (2009
http://www. nap. edu/openbook. php? record id=11963&page=65 Policies for high-growth innovative SMES v1. 6
If Europe plans to put programming into place for which SMES will be expected to apply,
(Available at http://www. nap. edu/openbook. php? record id=11963&page=65 Websites ï Ontario programs:
-nology and information technology, employment and human resources, and financing Addressing barriers to access finance Beyond its regular annual reports, the SME Agency has been active recently in commissioning numerous
(1) technology development and IT (information technology) adoption and (2) new business activities Further policy fields Further important fields of current Japanese SME policy include the following
(2) projects to upgrade traditional industry, aimed at developing new technology or products;(3) co
https://www. efvf2011. b2bmatchmaking. com/p index. php, last accessed May 2011 Exponential. Training & Assessment, EU Projects:
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011