several aspects of the social emergency situation in which many sectors of the population are living,
emergency suffered by the population 2 Indicate the shortcomings in terms of the existing knowledge to address
social emergency or social inclusion, transform the detected problem into a research problem, obtain the cognitive results,
achieved but the assurance of the interest to find concrete solutions would also be conveyed.
commercial stores to buy plasma television, from violent robberies for food at the time of the first call to different types of security problems associated now with
violence related to the uneven economic growth and the persistence of social exclusion, from the bankruptcy of hundreds of firms and the damaging personal
raise awareness of global threat of HIV/AIDS, de-stigmatise HIV-positive people Social Enterprise Clinics
and fire workers as well as security for workers through active support to maximise their employability rather than keep them in a particular job.
security measures, tends to put more power in the hands of employers x Youth unemployment, where job-churn in the labour market has reduced considerably so
exploitation and surveillance reduced to a state of servicing the machine (Sennett, 1998 and 2006
model of work is leading to threats to traditional benefits, such as pensions and health insurance as
With more than 120 million people in the EU at risk of poverty or social exclusion, EU leaders have pledged to bring at least 20 million people out of
x How to guard against decisions being taken about peoples†lives based purely on big data, data
Another barrier in the Eastserve case is data security due to the citizens†PCS connected to the Internet
When the Mextal company marketing Viedome sees a risk, every effort is made to try to eliminate it by adjusting the business in organisational, economic and social terms
calculated risks, but within a professional and strategic context. The TEM case is somewhat different given its small, informal and purposively democratic, transparent and bottom-up nature
and managed risk-taking is also important. This has been underpinned by the company developing a unique and successful
not only hijack and destroy parts of the existing market, but also create new forms of demand and thus new market value around these
and risks need to be taken. This highlights one of the differences between Europe and the US where there is arguably a greater risk-accepting culture.
For example Gansky (2010) talks of â€oescrew-it, let†s do it†experimentation in the US,
risk-averse culture in Europe Whether or not the sharing economy becomes a business, remains purely voluntary or some mix in
regulation can be threat but is flexible -Need conducive permissive policies & legal frameworks -Social & economic efficiencies
regulation can be threat but is flexible -Need conducive permissive policies & legal frameworks -Social & economic efficiencies
regulation can be threat but is flexible -Need conducive permissive policies & legal frameworks -Social & economic efficiencies
and security protections will play a key role in accelerating or retarding the adoption of mhealth and the realisation of benefits
for health risks such as diabetes or heart attack, or online enabled calorie-tracking solutions. When it comes to
data aggregation, medical situation awareness and analysis (risk classification, root cause analysis and risk triggers
and context-aware coaching that enables solutions for converged disease risk management and patient behaviour assistance toward prevention care or prediction of diseases for better disease risk control.
As a result, the increasingly elderly population will be able to live more independently in their home environment,
x Home monitoring will become more widely available for people considered at risk. This requires better
global threat of HIV/AIDS, de -stigmatise HIV -positive people -The. hiv domain is a ground-breaking approach for raising awareness for a
and assurance of confidentiality of information and security x Clinipak, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, United states-ICT used in Clinipak helps to improve a health provider's
specific group of high risk patients that are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Naturally the implications of
competitors might exploit •The difficulties of setting appropriate commercial prices for the product and services which the public sector
Technically there is further need to address concerns about data security sensitivity & privacy Upon closer examination the examples in this category are probably more examples of innovative telemedicine
concerns about data security sensitivity & privacy Personalised health & smarter patient environ -ments Mainly bespoke
Data security is a big topic in the multi-partner approaches, particularly if data is used further for research about
MONDEY specifically also highlight the importance of requires a good framework for data security and data protection
data security -Bespoke ICT for high ability group & good mix with physical activities -Strong belief and
security 131 References Bertot, J. C.,Jaeger, P. T, . & Hansen, D. 2012). The impact of polices on government social media usage:
Improved community security and protection (e g. against crime, natural hazard 13. Scale community impact, actual or predicted (more sectors, groups, localities
private ownership (right to exclude others, hence threat of under-utilization 10. Changed business models & value chains to harvest advantages from this change dynamic in scale
6. 1. 8. Increasing integration into labour market of people from groups at risk of social exclusion
market amongst groups at risk of social exclusion. These measures include particularly: the provision of training;
1. 8. Increasing integration into the labour market of people from groups at risk of social
However, to guarantee job quality and security, collective negotiation processes should be aimed at increasing company productivity and
stakeholders, who should foster job quality and security and spread prevention culture amongst Catalan businesses
various credit and security lines are made available to companies, adapted to specific Operational objective Em
financial institutions, guarantees, capital risk funds, co-investment, etc..It is also important to promote channels of access to finance
-risk technological projects. With regard to mobilising private resources for innovation Catalonia 2020 Strategy 31 action focuses on promoting private sponsorship for projects, whilst proposals for
and protecting the industrial sector by drawing up a map of threats and opportunities and through Government intervention to help ensure the continuity of
In order to anticipate any situations of risk, the Government maintains permanent contacts with the business world
the social economy is vital for fostering the integration of groups most at risk of social
on fossil fuels, rising energy prices, security of supply, reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants) as for the opportunities that such a transition
fossil fuels and improving security of energy supply. The strategy for promoting renewable energy is a maximum priority in Catalan energy policy, with measures
A flexible, efficient justice administration is essential to guarantee legal security and therefore, to improve business competitiveness,
security and reliability of electricity and gas supply is essential for business competitiveness. Measures include, basically, the study, approval and
Another important area of analysis is related to data security, protection and data sharing in the use of online social networks and the value proposition and business models that
the main risks, and an important aspect to consider, when talking about citizen engagement is the danger of engaging only those people who are engaged already in an issue
economically sustainable approaches in the face of specific threats to their sustainability Moreover, the experimental approach requires that such models of democracy or of the
study CAPS projects with a special focus on trust, security and engagement issues The CAPS EC funded projects pool is indeed a network of networks, building from existing
and specific topics within this domain such as privacy, security, rewards and engagement USEMP aims at empowering social network users with regards to the sharing of their
which puts users in control of their data security and was touted by the media as a'Facebook killer
-friendly encryption and privacy features 29. Media Watch for Climate Change http://www. ecoresearch. net/climate
Global warming, implications of population ageing, the digital divide and security issues across the internet, are examples of problems experienced across nations, to a greater
pollution and global warming, environmental sustainability, energy and food security antibiotic resistance against new mutations of pathogens,
and cyber and physical security protection against terrorism, etc. tend to exhibit the characteristics of what has long been
recognised as the wicked or messy type of problem situation (Rittlle & Webber, 1973 Ackoff, 1981.
stage exposes the facilitator to the risk of a circularity of bad interpretations. This is why the
†Assurance of no harm or hurt, which includes both physical safety considerations as well as ensuring that the individual exposed to the solution does not suffer from any
issues to be addressed include training, physical security and conï dentiality of patient-related data Human factors:
Technological innovation and adoption †characterised by uncertainty, search, exploration, ï nancial risk experiment, and discovery †take place in an established social and cultural environment.
Security and privacy The data protection of health records against intrusion unauthorised use, data corruption, intentional or
issues of reliability, security, and privacy are of particular signiï cance. There is, however, ambivalence about
Ëoe Protecting security, privacy, and intellectual property rights Given the sensitive nature of healthcare information and the high degree of
issues of reliability, security, and privacy are of particular signiï cance The Commonwealth Health Ministers Reference book 20084
storage and access control There is a clear danger that by failing to adopt ICT solutions the public sector
thus reducing the risks involved in R&d and improving the chances of a satisfactory return on investment in ICT for the private health subsector
a museum at risk even when simple digitisation activities are implemented or even when a museum's web portal provides
digitisation, dissemination and further exploit -ation of this content in the digital environment will be prominent.
security. Clearly linked to the concept of citizenship, such'European values',which are today taken up by museums, makes the
would be full of uncertainties and risks, it also knew that it could count on the considerable
people out of risk of poverty or exclusion In order to meet these targets, the EU Commission proposed a series of seven
museum sector that exploits its potential to further a broader social agenda, that makes its
increasingâ risk. Â Â EUÂ initiativesâ haveâ toâ reflectâ theseâ conditionsâ andâ offerâ greaterâ flexibility.
13 The idea comes from the ICT world where sandboxes are used routinely to beta-test software, cybersecurity, etc in strictly
transnationalâ criticalâ infrastructureâ security; Â andâ manufacturing/distributionâ traceabilityâ withâ privacyâ requirementsâ associatedâ withâ theâ internetâ ofâ things.
security/privacy† andâ certificationâ wouldâ beâ aâ clearâ differentiator.  Theseâ couldâ possiblyâ provideâ traceabilityâ fromâ theâ Europeanâ SME innovationsâ sourcingâ toâ theâ finalâ
but not the risk of failing. But creativity needs the freedom to explore, investigate, and fail in search of breaking new
and are willing to take the risks necessary to get a business off the ground.
different industries are compared by looking at their vulnerability to digital disruption from two perspectives: the impact intensity (bang) and the imminence of change (fuse
threats from overseas players, due to the perishable nature of grocery goods and the relatively low value of many items,
ideas and are willing to take the risks necessary to get a business off the ground.
if there was a risk of failure, starting-up a business should be avoided, compared to only 28%in the US.
when there is a risk of failure Based on all of the above, there is a clear need to endow European citizens with an
Figure 11 †Risk perception:""One should not start a business if there is a risk of failing
"Source: European commission (2012. Entrepreneurship in the EU and beyond; Deloitte analysis However, it must be remembered that not all European citizens are born natural entrepreneurs
general more risk averse 23 Pillar 3 †Attract, develop and retain high-end digital skills and talent
investors are reluctant to invest in start-ups and innovative firms because of the high risks and
3. Trust and security 4. Fast and ultra-fast internet access 5. Research and innovation 6. Digital literacy, skills and inclusion
ï§Fighting abuse by the establishment of the European Cybercrime Center and definition of a cybersecurity strategy
ï§Integrating technological developments such as cloud computing, communication on radio spectrum sharing, guidelines on state aids on broadband, etc
5. For Trust & Security, the Commission will propose a Directive on network and information security
6. For Entrepreneurship, Digital jobs and Skills, the European commission launched on 4 march 2013 the'Grand Coalition for Digital Jobs'to address the shortage of ICT
respect, the European commission took action to help entrepreneurs and SMES to fully exploit the potential of those technologies, both in terms of supply of new digital products and services
what keep people from starting up a company is the fear of risk and the
ï§More effective cooperation in the EU against counterfeiting and piracy ï§Organise a communication
in Norway, the financial crisis has highlighted the vulnerability of industries and generated debate about future scenarios whereby
techniques that minimise time, money and risk; and Create a strong culture of innovation and improve innovation management
the risk of an adverse event is reduced, quality is improved, and the unnecessary duplication of tests
may be difficult to exploit services-oriented architecture ï¿no terminology support ï¿does not support semantic
Data security Standards Standards for protection of patient data by means of e g. data encryption and
electronic signatures to prevent loss and theft DICOM ISO DTS 25237 Psuedo -anonymisation ISO 22600 Privilege Management
and Access control Safety Standards Standards in healthcare to emphasize and support the reporting, analysis and
CEN TR 13694 Safety and Security Related Software Quality Standards for Healthcare Terminology and Ontology
Building security, protection and trust within society and the economy...30 1. Greater online protection for citizens and companies...
5. More security in cyberspace...33 VII. European and international dimensions of the Digital Agenda...
zz Confidence and security: IT is easy, transparent and safe to use Without confidence in the security and integrity of the
digital world, we will not succeed in harnessing the true potential of the digital transformation for the benefit of
simple encryption methods. However, it will also be necessary to protect our critical infrastructures. We want
further exploit the opportunities presented in the areas of Industry 4. 0, 3d, smart services, big data and cloud com
associated risks and threats cannot be denied. For example the catchphrase â€oebig data†refers to the ever increasing
prevalence of cybercrime, for example, when shopping or banking online. Meanwhile, the sinister threat of cyber
espionage is ever present †not only for our economy and citizens but also for the state.
Finally, increasingly complex and interconnected digital technologies could lead to new forms of cyber attacks that threaten the common good.
In the face of these challenges, we must work with all stake -holders †in particular at a European level †to formulate
The use of encryption and other security mechanisms is necessary to ensuring Internet safety. Com
aware of existing security risks and support companies in the use of secure information and communications tech
on innovative IT SECURITY and data protection, we want to act as a beacon for digitisation in Germany. Through open
the future broadband communication of the security agen -cies and the Federal Armed forces in the 700 MHZ range
requirements for security within a mobile, digital society The Federal government is therefore prioritising the action
transparency, data protection and security and also for preserving competition in the digital world We intend to monitor more closely the effects of digital
security and data privacy zz reinforcing security and confidence in relation to the use of digital services, including measures to strengthen
the German digital security sector zz assisting small and medium-sized IT enterprises with their internationalisation efforts and facilitating their
access to growth capital zz the promotion of norms and standards to ensure the seamless integration of traditional industry with ICT
ensuring the interoperability and security of IT systems We are drafting an â€oeintelligent Connections†strategy to
IT SECURITY is preserved and that no new gateways for anonymous crime are created. We will therefore create
security systems We will press ahead with a modern programme of training plus professional development, while also continuing to
-tion, data security and interoperability. We will therefore continually review current standards, network and regula -tion models in terms of their performance to identify if
the Federal office for Information security. Where possible and practical, we will seek to integrate Energiewende projects
standards of confidentiality and security. At the same time we want to ensure the efficiency and security of the State†s
information technology systems in the long term. As a major procurer of IT services, we will play a role in promoting
innovation and security in IT. Our aim is to have a trans -parent state offering easy access to reliable data
-level security. The three cross-departmental or Federal and Länder networks (IVBB & IVBV/BVN and DOI) are
zz In the area of information security, we are working closely together with representatives at all government
relationship between freedom and security and the private and the public sphere 1. Accelerating the digital transformation
IT SECURITY research microelectronics and service research zz We are increasing innovation support for the area of big
-ties and risks of future developments in digitisation will be funded as part of the innovation and technology
There is a risk of this content becoming unreadable and therefore being lost in the long term due to changes in technology
Building security, protection and trust within society and the economy VI. Building security, protection and trust
within society and the economy 31vi. BUILDING SECURITY, PROTECTION AND TRUST WITHIN SOCIETY AND THE ECONOMY
The Federal government has set itself the task of ensuring that the network is secure in order to reap the full benefits
security on the Internet. Consumers will not trust online shops, email services and social networks unless their data
System security and data protection are the key crosscutting issues of digitisation and are incorporated into all areas of activity in the Digital Agenda
and demand simple security technologies Internet providers must also take responsibility for ensuring that users can operate securely online.
increase their online security zz We are providing secure infrastructures so that users can protect their own identity online and communicate
of more and better encryption and aim to be the world†s leading country in this area.
encryption of private communication must be adopted as standard across the board. We are expanding the use of security technologies such as De-Mail
zz We are carrying out research relating to the security of users and implementing the findings in practice
The â€oesafe, secure and empowered in the digital world†research programme (Selbstbestimmt und sicher in der
digitalen Welt) will deal with the IT SECURITY of new technologies and the protection of data in tomorrow†s
knowledge of online security. Caution and know-how on the part of users are crucial to online protection and
security. We are stepping up our cooperation with the Germany Secure Online association (Deutschland sicher
improve their IT SECURITY. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES), in particular, often do not have the
security in business†(IT Sicherheit in der Wirtschaft) and â€oealliance for cyber security†(Allianz fã r Cybersicherheit
zz High standards of data protection and data security are essential to maintain trust in digital services and
IT SECURITY is an important driver of innovation and growth in Germany. We are committed to ensuring that our country remains one of the most secure
ensure a high level of security by means of legal require -ments or generally binding standards.
zz We are improving IT SECURITY by developing partner -ships with operators of critical infrastructures; through
legal guidelines for minimum security standards; and by introducing mandatory reporting for serious IT SECURITY incidents as part of an IT SECURITY law
zz We support and demand the use of trustworthy IT secu -rity technologies, especially the use of more and better
encryption in electronic communication. This will also lead to a more robust market for IT SECURITY solutions
zz We investing greater efforts into the certification and recognition of expert agencies as this generates trust in
IT products zz We support the design of new technologies that are secure and trustworthy.
to meet the needs of telecommunications security and the European regulation on electronic identification and
Civil protection in the area of impact analysis of cyber attacks on critical infrastructures zz We will bolster international cooperation in this area
Security Agency) and Europol†s European Cybercrime Centre 5. More security in cyberspace As in the offline world, the government also has a respon
-sibility in the networked world to avert risks and criminal -ity. We acknowledge this responsibility for public IT secu
-rity and want to play our part in protecting society and the economy in the digital age.
realignment of the cyber security architecture and better resources for security authorities in terms of technology and staffing
zz We are strengthening the Federal office for Information Security (BSI. Improving the resources made available
to the BSI will be part of this process zz The National Cyber Response Centre is a platform that
security incidents zz We are improving technical and staffing resources for the security authorities and providing them with the
technical and legal capacities they need to perform their role zz We are strengthening the expertise of the Federal Crimi
cyber crime, cyber espionage and cyber security. This means that we will expand the Cyber crime Centre which analyses and investigates incidents in these areas
in the Federal Criminal Police office. We will thus house the processing of all Internet activities relating to these
zz In the area of cyber espionage, we will reinforce meas -ures implemented by the Federal office for the Protec
security zz We will strengthen the Federal office for the Protection of the Constitution strategically and organisationally
terrorists and extremists PERSONALFÃOEHRUNG34 VII. European and international dimensions of the Digital Agenda VII. European and international dimensions
IT SECURITY and research funding involve not just German but also important European considerations. We therefore act as advocates for the Digital Agenda for Germany on
peaceful alignment of international cyber security policy We will continue to actively follow discussions on the sub
sense, cyber security capacity building zz Expanding the digital aspect of the Federal Government†s Africa strategy.
Building security, protection and 1. Greater online protection for citiz 2. Modern data protection for the info
5. More security in cyberspace VII. European and international dimensi 1. Integration of the Digital Agenda f
and create jobs for youth at risk, gangs, and indigenous groups. Heidi has a Master of arts in Communication, Culture,
7. 3. 2 Hacker/maker spaces...51 7. 4 Repositories, games and mobile resources...52
and an openness to taking risks. It is also essential that new initiatives have a
can be a double-edged sword. â€oemany businesses in developing countries are started not to exploit Digital opportunities:
dynamic and willing to take risks to exploit existing business opportunities and create new ones.
The dialogue around ICTS and the green economy has centered largely on food security, sustainable agriculture, and energy efficiency.
Security basics e g. HTTPS, password management Web mechanics e g. view source hyperlinks Web design basics
Security & encryption e g. data protection basic encryption Remixing e g. mashups hackable games Infrastructure e g. hosting
domains Open practices e g. open standards open source Legalese on the web e g. privacy policies terms of service
agreements Source: Mozilla Foundation123 123 Ibid Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 34 5. 4 Complementary skills
being unemployed, being one†s own boss), and risk-reward relationships (what is at stake), among other factors.
•data security and management 6. 2 Mentoring and networking ICT entrepreneurs identify their greatest needs as start-up capital and opportunities to network with
and hacker/maker spaces The popularity of these places demonstrates the lasting value of face-to-face interaction, which when
Nairobi's tech community by bringing together entrepreneurs, hackers, designers and investors. The ihub provides a space where young entrepreneurial members can receive
7. 3. 2 Hacker/maker spaces Another type of space is the hackerspace, or makerspace.
Hacker/maker spaces have an emphasis on electronics and building physical objects. A core piece of equipment is the 3d printer,
from hacker/maker spaces, including in areas often targeted by international development efforts 165 Riel Miller, Hanne Shapiro,
Promoting these kinds of activities requires openness to uncertainty and risk. To date, most activities have
and hacker/maker spaces. These spaces offer vibrant locales for apps development and other activities, stimulate creativity,
web design, security and privacy, solving technical problems, and programming, among others. Becoming a successful entrepreneur requires business skills as well, such as operations and management, finance
Hacker/maker space Community-operated workspace where people with common interests meet and collaborate around computers, technology, or digital art
adds security capabilities to standard HTTP Human resource management (HRM The management process of an organization†s human resources, encompassing
7. 3. 2 Hacker/maker spaces 7. 4 Repositories, games and mobile resources 7. 4. 1 Online repositories
improved nutrition, help for the aging, greater financial security, less environmental damage. Arguably, they are the greatest unmet needs in the global economy.
and high security costs. As companies have increasingly become disconnected from their communities, however, their influence in solving these problems has waned even as their costs have grown
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