security, privacy and openness: the protocols are proprietary, the systems are centralised (and in particular in terms of property and decisional processes),
There is no such thing as perfect security and ano -nymity, but projects like Tor strive to make the network as secure and anonymous as possible, while clearly
data in massive data centres with little privacy and security. The hypothesis of this model is that people
Security Upgrades: One challenge Avaaz was forced to overcome was a â€oemassive†persistent cyber attack, which it believes a government or
security audits of the site†s servers) and Arbor networks (who provid -ed defensive hardware which helped fend off the attack) all supported
asking for donations to allow for this security upgrade Avaaz†s site shows that almost 42,000 people have donated to this cam
likely be used to employ a full-time or part-time security office; upgrade to the service level for defensive tools;
To ensure the site was compliant with security standards, the National Communications security Authority audited the site†s code
granular, structured and detailed than data from the Securities and Exchange Commission. To address issues around quality of Opencorpo
Internet freedom and security Technology Trends: Open networks DSI activities: Operating a web service Key Facts:
-prove their privacy and security on the Internet. It also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy fea
video over the Tor network, improving usability, security and anonymity stronger cryptography capabilities and exciting new tools designed to
security and critical infrastructure by making communication among individuals, organisations, corporations, and governments more vul
bolt-on security tools get protected communications, or worse yet become reluctant to use digital
-dated computers, browsers as well as Internet communication security policy as significant obstacles to accessing the UHP website and data
security, privacy and openness: the protocols are proprietary, the systems are centralised (and in particular in terms of property and decisional processes),
There is no such thing as perfect security and ano -nymity, but projects like Tor strive to make the network as secure and anonymous as possible, while clearly
data in massive data centres with little privacy and security. The hypothesis of this model is that people
Security Upgrades: One challenge Avaaz was forced to overcome was a â€oemassive†persistent cyber attack, which it believes a government or
security audits of the site†s servers) and Arbor networks (who provid -ed defensive hardware which helped fend off the attack) all supported
asking for donations to allow for this security upgrade Avaaz†s site shows that almost 42,000 people have donated to this cam
likely be used to employ a full-time or part-time security office; upgrade to the service level for defensive tools;
To ensure the site was compliant with security standards, the National Communications security Authority audited the site†s code
granular, structured and detailed than data from the Securities and Exchange Commission. To address issues around quality of Opencorpo
Internet freedom and security Technology Trends: Open networks DSI activities: Operating a web service Key Facts:
-prove their privacy and security on the Internet. It also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy fea
video over the Tor network, improving usability, security and anonymity stronger cryptography capabilities and exciting new tools designed to
security and critical infrastructure by making communication among individuals, organisations, corporations, and governments more vul
bolt-on security tools get protected communications, or worse yet become reluctant to use digital
-dated computers, browsers as well as Internet communication security policy as significant obstacles to accessing the UHP website and data
At the same time, it would ensure the security of the infrastructure, helping to improve the daily lives of ordinary citizens.
competitiveness and security of supply, necessitating a coherent and consistent set of policies and measures to achieve them
assuring and improving security and quality of supply, consistent with the demands of the digital age with resilience to hazards and uncertainties
•Security of supply: limited primary resources of traditional energy sources, flexible storage; need for
strengthening European security of supply through enhanced transfer capabilities •Distributed generation (DG) and renewable energy sources (RES:
system security, while assuring adequate remuneration for their shareholders Investment remuneration and stable regulatory frameworks will be necessary for a
quality security of supply (both short and long term) in the EU Advanced electricity service and solution providers:
Assuring and improving security and quality of supply, consistent with the demands of the digital age
addressing security of primary fuel •It†s not about detailed research proposals, but is rather about research themes
•Security and Quality of Supply: Modern society depends critically on a secure supply of energy.
increasingly threatening security, reliability and quality of supply It is time to redesign electricity grids
running out and the security of electricity supplies is under threat. Environmental issues have moved to the fore and the EU must meet targets set.
SECURITY OF SUPPLY ENVIRONMENT 14 E u R O P E A n T E C H N O L O G Y P L a T F
security and reliability of supply for the digital age Flexible, optimal and strategic grid expansion, maintenance
Thus security, safety environment, power quality and cost of supply are all being examined in new ways
security and reliability of grid operation Smartgrids will help to achieve sustainable development through using
power security, quality, reliability and availability •transmission grids with minimum negative side-effects on the environment and
•Improvements of security standards in the context of critical infrastructures •Integration of both central and distributed generation
phone, and (iv) increasing the level of security of payments and data protection The Commission will present the conclusions of this exercise and the next stages
•More payment service innovation and security The Green Paper launched by a public stakeholder consultation
framework of the Common Security and Defence policy •Fostering industrial and technological resources for cybersecurity:
significant imbalance for businesses in terms of security requirements and additional costs. It is also doubtful whether consumers welcome this excessive formalism
thereby providing them with a false sense of security, data subjects should be educated on how they can protect their
iii) establish ground-rules for the security of payments online -The multilateral interchange fee (MIF) Regulation:
All payment channels must operate with equal ease and security Therefore a coherent set of standards for SEPA payments must be devised which strikes a
and security needed by users and the flexibility required by innovators. All market participants must
and better security education of consumers 1. 7. FREEDOM TO TRADE (OR NOT It is essential that businesses retain the freedom to choose in which markets he/she chooses
competition, security of the Internet infrastructure, government support for ICT development, laws governing the Internet, ICT skills of the workforce and quality of ICT supporting services.
security they enjoy with their existing large firms The European commission has been sufficiently concerned by this issue to launch a number of
Security, standards and intellectual property In each of the areas discussed above, most European countries compare unfavourably with the US.
The first is security. A large and growing proportion of Europe†s business transactions are conducted now
develop unified security standards to protect Europe†s network infrastructure. Challenges in developing effective, common authentication protocols are
â A qualitative indicator of the security of the Internet infrastructure â An indicator of the government's role
EUISS EU Institute for Security Studies HDI Human Development Index (United nations ICT information and communication technology
The initial effort, carried out by the EU Institute for Security Studies (EUISS 2012), aimed at assessing
and security †although the level of prioritisation of these values may vary along socio-demographic lines
security concerns connected to cyberspace Government data requests revealed by ISPS composite indicators such as Opennet Initiative data
Chief of Force Development, Future Security Environment 2008-2030 Part 1: Current and Emerging Trends, 2009.
European union Institute for Security Studies, 2012 Eurobarometer, Life sciences and Biotechnology, Brussels: European commission, 2010 ††â€, Consumer attitudes towards cross-border trade and consumer protection-Analytical report, Eurostat
"Computers & Security, Vol. 30, No. 8, 2011, pp. 803-814 http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S016740481100085x
Understanding the Security, Privacy and Trust Challenges JSTOR, 2011 Robison, K. K, . and E. M. Crenshaw,"Reevaluating the Global Digital divide:
I. Bal, S. Ozeren and M. A. Sozer (eds) NATO Science for Peace and Security Series
market security of the public sector. Nevertheless, the GEM indicated that some 270 000 Andalusian people plan to become entrepreneurs in due course;
security contribution, the SUS runs for three years, paying a lump sum of EUR 600 per month for the
energy, nanotechnology and security; Asia is taking the lead in ICT (partly linked to FDI)
security 38.7 %2 200 34.8 %2 934 45.5 %2 585 37.6 %3 171 12.6 %717
¢security 0. 97 •1. 09 •0. 81 †¢Automobiles 1. 59 •0. 54 •0. 96 â€
security, while Asian economies have taken the lead in ICT and reached a technology position on par with
safety and security (EC, 2008a Information and Communication: Optical networks have opened the way to almost unlimited
environment, health care and life sciences, safety and security. In keeping with its greater importance for Europe, Photonics has been given a higher profile in the Seventh Framework
Optical coatings 5 2008 5. 7 2015 2 electronics, defence/security architecture, solar, medical telecom, transportation
medical, security, architecture BCC (2006 Total market for advanced materials 102.7 2010 177.0 2020 6 Moskowitz (2009
which includes materials used in medicine, security and convenience (Schumacher et al. 2007). ) High tech textile materials and smart materials belong
Another major application area is defence and security The chemical industry is the most important source of advanced materials patents (about 50
10 A. Segal, Autonomy, security, and inequality: China, India, theunitedstates, andtheglobalisationof science and technology, Technol.
IT and security needs are up and running Providing insight to support business decisions In return, they appear to benefit materially from this:
IT and security needs are up and running Providing insight to support business decisions D
requirements, along with legal, security and other aspects Digital technologies have a huge potential to change the underlying
Healthy transport, safety and security A Business Support Unit has been established within the City council to work alongside the
Security 7 (1), 5†22 Jà reskog, K. G. 1978. â€oestructural Analy -sis of Covariance and Correlation
pervasive corruption, security concerns, and uncertainty around property rights protection seriously undermine the quality of the institutional framework on which
security (96th) remains a general concern, and judicial independence is deemed one of the lowest in the region (132nd.
of the high costs associated with the lack of security 137th) and the low trust of the business community in
and high levels of security are the cornerstones of the country†s very solid institutional
As in previous years, the security situation remains fragile and imposes a high cost on business (65th
by 22 positions to 106th and the security situation which was affected particularly by the events,
The poor security situation remains another important obstacle to doing business in South africa. The high business costs
and a good security environment. Its labor markets are efficient, its financial markets are relatively well
The security situation in Kenya is also worrisome (125th Liberia enters the rankings for the first time at 111th
The security situation in the country continues to be dire and has worsened since last year
assessment, particularly related to corruption, security and government favoritism, although overall the assessment of this pillar is better than it was just a few
unimportant on the KPIS of Cargo Security and Safety 4. 2 Benchmark Scenarios The next target was to develop the green corridor benchmark with ICTS.
effect in terms of cost, time, safety, security, environmental sustainability and reliability It is our belief that the results of this work support the general conclusion that the
profitability, environmental impact and social safety and security. What is clear is that all the examined ICTS can provide vital benefits to all the stakeholders involved
 •Possible security issues 26 ï¿ï 27 HR: Demo projectsâ'†key facts
Infrastructure, System security &-arcitecture Balancing price flexible demand DK: National thematic focus ï¿ï
interoperability, safety and security  •Testing models of added value generation and business processes
x Security of supply x Integration of distributed generation structures (also considering traditional buyers with supply-and storage capacities
electricity branch to guarantee security and high level of quality of supply. A possible Smart Grids system of the future must comply with this law
security, cost competitiveness and sustainability x Take part in developing these strategies and contribute to meeting their
security of supply to cope with increased amounts of wind energy and other renewables. Additionally, it promotes the use of intelligent electricity consumption
and in parallel, guarantee security of supply And finally, there is an estimation of the enhancement needs for the German
security of energy supply and energy efficiencyâ †(2006-2009. Focus points of a ï
the integrated energy markets, contribute to increasing the security of supply and further economic development
the same time it focuses on a broad range of objectives such as supply security, fair
reach security of energy supply, efficient energy use, increased share of renewable energy sources and to decrease CO2 emissions.
security of supply as well as energy efficiency is highlighted. A formulated goal is to bring Turkey  â€oeinto the position of a transit country between energy producing and
-ers in†at the expense of security, privacy and openness: protocols are often propri -etary, the systems are centralised (particu
-ing cybe-security and mainstreaming digitalisation The Digital Agenda for Europe20 Innovation Union21, and Horizon
Production and automation technology, Cleantech, and Security. These fields present the regional strength in regional publicly funded R&d and industrial activity.
security, intelligent energy networks and smart energy services. To best harness EU funding from these various financial instruments, one of the key challenges
smart cities, trust, security, etc b) have a sectoral focus targeting ICT industrial and technological leadership in
Secure societies †Protecting freedom and security of Europe and its citizens DRS-17-2014/2015
solutions to problems such as energy supplies, global warming, public health, security or water and food resources
•Secure societies †protecting freedom and security of Europe and its citizens The Importance of Health
Food and feed security and safety, the competitiveness of the European agri-food industry and the sustainability of food
putting our security competitiveness and employment in jeopardy It is essential then for the EU to spark a new industrial revolution
mobility, less congestion, greater safety and security •Keeping transport competitive: the European transport industry
Water is fundamental to human health food security, sustainable development and the environment. It is also an economic sector
The Importance of Security Ensuring the security of its citizens is one of the primary
obligations of any country. Without safety and security as its basis, society cannot thrive. Governments keep citizens secure
by fighting crime and terrorism, protecting them against natural or man-made disasters, providing effective cybersecurity and
the security of citizens is an essential task of any administration it is also a highly sensitive area that needs to incorporate respect
EU security research Competitive, EU-based security industries can make a substantial contribution to the quality of life in European societies.
European companies are among the world leaders in most security sector segments thanks to their strong technological innovation
The security industry is one of the sectors with the highest potential for growth and employment in the EU. In 2011, the security sector
in the EU employed 180,000 people, with an annual turnover of some â 30 billion
What is EU Research and Innovation doing to support Security In 2013, EU research on security focused on â€oeaftermath†crisis
management and on â€oelogistics and supply chain security†addressing issues such as trafficking and contraband Other research topics include fighting forest fires,
rescuing victims of disasters and the use of social media in crisis management By the end of 2013, the EU will have financed over 250 security
research projects, with more than 1, 500 participants, from 45 countries and with an SME participation rate of over 21
security industry, to stimulate its growth and to promote the creation of jobs include •Overcoming market fragmentation through the creation of
for security technologies as well as better exploitation of synergies between security and defence technologies •Reducing the gap from research to market by introducing new
funding schemes such as Pre-Commercial Procurement •Better integration of societal considerations by thoroughly assessing the impact of security technologies on fundamental
rights, and by setting in place procedures to test societal impact during the R&d phase This societal challenge will continue to be supported under the
because they were worried about security. The Commission is working to increase confidence in the online economy in particular
This research addresses security, trust and privacy coherently from technological, economic, legal, social perspectives, helping
security of biometric systems. TABULA RASA has already transferred five of these countermeasures to companies Knowledge gained will help improve the design of future
advanced skills, covering subjects such as UNIX, Java, security, wireless, PC hardware and software, and networking operating systems.
-est rates (3%p. a.)and the abstention from securities The average project support consists of 60%loans and
a lack of interoperability, reliability and security, "which could hamper the realisation of productivity gains (p. 7
and security of European shipping, Directorate-General for Energy and Transport, B-1049 Brussels: http://ec. europa. eu/transport/maritime/doc/maritime transport policy en. pdf
Security FREIGHT TRANSPORT LOGISTICS ACTION PLAN Framework for the ITS Regulatory Framework for the standardisation of
security and environmental emissions, this sector has been a priority policy area within the EU for many years.
solutions for public transport-in terms of comfort, quality, security and environment †is illustrated by Värmlandstrafik AB case study,
impacts, in providing better security and comfort to transport passengers, and in a better standard of the overall transport service
Smart technologies should be introduced to avoid delays in the supply chain for security and other reasons.
contribute to improved efficiency and security, and provide new quality services for mobility of people and goods. For instance, the railroads, have fortified RFID with even
improve security, resulting in decreased theft and tampering maximize revenue and market share optimise logistics costs and effectiveness
practitioners, particularly in ICT strategy, security and new business solutions. 66 ICT training for employees
cryptography used to simulate the security properties of a signature in digital, rather than written, form. 89 Digital signatures use
efficiency and security, and provide new quality services for mobility of people and goods Using RFID,
efficiency and security. RFID systems are playing a role in increasing load factors and hence reducing empty running.
Security is guaranteed via SSL encryption of information and via a dedicated login and password for each user.
document processing, security and non-repudiation. An example of the benefits of the implementation of a track and trace solution is the case study â€oecargo Tracing at Saima
25%),legal (25%)and security (31%)issues, technology too complicated (32%)and e -business technologies too expensive as a barrier to e-business adoption
+Security concerns 31 28 29 24 35 0 20 40 60 80 100 TLS EU-7 (total
disabilities, safety/security issues and environmental information allows the company to draw important conclusions when making
important factors like the vehicles characteristics, additional services, transport security etc. However future concessions are probably going to take into account also new ICT
system increases the security in the service, for example ensuring the fulfilment of the vehicle revision calendar.
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) like the vehicle management and security tools implementing smart card and other types of ITS in their vehicle fleet and SAE system
increased the transport security and services productivity, using the alarm controls and the intelligent incidence management and real-time analysis tools.
-port service security, one of the key areas for a passenger transport company like ALSA
The security for the checkout process is very low regarding the identification of the consignee (person receiving the goods) of a cargo unit
Increased security due to the attribution of a pick up code for the delivery of transport goods
Security is guaranteed via SSL encryption of information and via a dedicated login and password for each user
technology, offering considerable advantages in terms of time, security, and operational efficiency. â€oee-billing†is a service allowing the customer to receive,
Security requirements include user identification and password The typical process is as follows: when a shipment is produced,
provided by the system about functional disabilities, safety/security issues and environmental information allows the company to draw important conclusions when
passenger comfort, security and environment and controlling the respect of the requirements and the activity of the operators
Comfort, security, safety and appearance are important aspects in the choice of means of transportation.
quality, security and environment Another important driving force to implement a solution was that the PTAS in Sweden
security, quality, and environment 5. 12.2 E-business activities The solution chosen by Värmlandstrafik had been developed initially by Nordic Port and
information about safety/security of transport such as bus, train and tram. The information is available for the PTA through a Web interface.
environmental impacts, in providing better security and comfort to transport passengers and in a better standard of the overall transport service
respect in terms of bus equipment, quality, security and traffic. The bus operator put the information about its vehicles and equipments into the system.
The solution allows to insure better follow up of vehicle quality and security and to provide a better service level to the passengers
security and privacy, governance, radio spectrum and standards and called for an RFID Stakeholder Group to provide an open platform allowing a dialogue between
E-business W@tch Special Study on ICT Security, e-Invoicing and e-Payment Activities in European
security of European shipping, Directorate-General for Energy and Transport, B-1049 Brussels: http://ec. europa. eu/transport/maritime/doc/maritime transport policy en. pdf
http://technology. inc. com/security/articles/200609/tipsnetworksecurity. html Thompson, G. 2004. Interfirm Relations as Networks.
internet trust and security, much faster internet access and better investment in research and development. Some are particularly close to concrete issues faced by
such as ageing, health, security and climate change We refer to them as societal challenges This brochure illustrates how Information
participants, whose majority experienced an increased sense of security 15 DREAMING DREAMING integrated familiar devices-such as blood pressure cuffs, mobile phones and
The concern for security is as old as humankind. What is â€oenew†is its extension to our digital environment.
with security issues: 18%are less likely to buy goods online and 15%are less likely
objectives in the field of trust and security •security of networks †the internet has become a critical information
infrastructure, encompassing IT systems and networks across the globe. It must be resilient and secure against all sorts of threats.
and to ensure that security problems are addressed quickly and effectively. The European Network Information
and Security Agency (ENISA) serves as a focal point for this exchange and cooperation. To react to threats in real-time conditions, the European
Syssec will create a Network of Excellence in the field of Systems Security for Europe
•create a virtual centre of excellence consolidating the Systems Security research community in Europe
have prevented previously other security solutions from being deployed widely and have rendered therefore them ineffective Trust, privacy and identity in the digital economy
companies in the high security field but also emerging small and medium sized enterprises (SMES) that wish
depending on attributes such as availability, quality, price and security Thus, the applications that end users see may be composed of multiple services
or service supplier will actually offer the security claimed The ANIKETOS project will help to establish and maintain
and developing new technology, methods, tools and security services Tabula rasa Trusted Biometrics under Spoofing Attacks
•provide solutions for security engineering and trust management on the Future Internet •develop an integral framework to support secure interoperation and manage
way to achieve optimal energy efficiency and higher supply security for end-users http://www. smarthouse-smartgrid. eu
Trust and Security http://cordis. europa. eu/fp7/ict/security/home en. html https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/en/telecoms-internet/cybersecurity
http://www. enisa. europa. eu /@EU TRUSTSEC Smart Cities and Sustainability https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/node/1100
which patient safety and security, but also trust and privacy are of utmost im -portance. To ensure the adoption of new healthcare services, the new innovative
Existing techniques address part of the trust and security requirements, for example tools for identity management and for encryption of connections.
for an integrated and easy to understand approach to trust in terms of security, priva -cy, and transparency, where users can make informed decisions
they are exposed to different security and safety threats as the patient is far from healthcare providers,
service provider on the basis of facts, such as reputation and security attributes The THECS project addresses the very important trust questions (transparency, pri
-vacy and security) for healthcare services. THECS is a Dutch national project in the COMMIT program with 11 partners including representatives from industry, Dutch
of security and allows users to specify the policies regulating the exposure of their 4 http://code. w3. org/privacy-dashboard/wiki
Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Security Measurements and Metrics, IEEE 2011 17. Petkoviä, M.,Prandi, D.,Zannone, N.:
Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Security and Trust Manage -ment. (2008) 159†167
Foundations of Security Analysis and Design. LNCS 2171. Springer (2000) 137†196 26. Zhang, L.,Ahn, G. J.,Chu, B. T.:
Workshop on Formal Aspects of Security and Trust. 2011 32. Levy, K.,Sargent, B.,Bai, Y.:
Workshop on Multimedia and Security: New Challenges, ACM (2001) 52†55 34. Kahl, C.,Bttcher, K.,Tschersich, M.,Heim, S.,Rannenberg, K.:
Security and Privacy †Silver linings in the Cloud. IFIP Advances in In -formation and Communication Technology 330.
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