2. 6. Privacy and security are crucial...66 References...69 6 †TABLE OF CONTENTS IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY:
and security requirements...106 References...110 Chapter 5. Using Benchmarking to Support Continuous Improvement Introduction...
Enabling robust and reliable privacy and security frameworks Health information can be extremely sensitive and professional ethics in
The implementation of privacy and security requirements is proving particularly challenging in the case of EHRS
maintaining privacy and security, they also have to balance this interest against the need to ensure that information can be retrieved easily when
to address privacy and security issues Conclusions The findings discussed in this report point to a number of practices or
balanced approach to privacy and security is essential to establish the high degree of public confidence and trust needed to encourage
privacy and security frameworks and accountability mechanisms that both encourage and respond to innovation •Align incentives with health system priorities:
2. 6. Privacy and security are crucial How health care organisations handle their digital information environment affects the uptake of health ICTS.
applications raises a series of privacy and security issues. For treatment purposes, an individual†s health information will need to be accessed by a
confidentiality policy and security requirements for defining access to and use of personal health care information.
well-publicised serious lapses in existing systems and stories about security breaches Similar results were reported by Canada Health Infoway, based on a
and security procedures may not always be followed by those with access to their records •The survey also found a range of initiatives that could be used to
security breaches affecting the system The case studies clearly indicate that appropriate privacy protection must be incorporated into the design of new health ICT systems and policies
a strong interest in maintaining privacy and security, they also have to balance this interest against the need to ensure that information can be
Security: Critical for Health Information Technologyâ€, Center for Democracy & Technology, Washington D c Chaudhry, B. 2005), â€oehealth Information technology (HIT) Adoption â€
•Privacy and security tutorials •Post-implementation review Added-up, the basket of the PITO premiums is substantial,
and security concerns Federal government Control costs Improve quality Favourable Financial organisational State/local governments Control costs
provide required capabilities (e g. ensuring security and confidentiality including interoperability with emerging local and national health
electronic health record products as meeting baseline criteria for functionality, security, and interoperability. In 2007, the commission expanded certification to inpatient †or hospital â€
as well as describing technical, interoperability, security privacy and other requirements. In Canada, the only case study country
and security requirements Once technical challenges are overcome and a system is capable of sharing information effortlessly and is interoperable, a policy decision needs
Interpretation of privacy and security requirements are still often determined locally within countries and vary significantly between
The implementation of security requirements is proving particularly challenging (and cumbersome) in the context of EHRS
security/privacy issues have been the biggest challenge. Officials from every CHAPTER 4. ENABLING A SECURE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION †107
and security concerns were an overriding factor in every aspect of the technology deployment from start to
Following extensive discussion within the MAEHC€ s own privacy and security committee, with the communities,
Instead of making security concerns the main feature of the patient brochures, the MAEHC placed these issues in a familiar context,
security provisions to what banking institutions have in place today (Tripathi et al. 2009 110 †CHAPTER 4. ENABLING A SECURE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION
and security and ii) on clinical protocols Governance The GSMHN is a not for profit collaboration between GSGPN and the
Addressing privacy and security concerns A dedicated privacy and security committee worked in conjunction with communities
and consumer councils to make final determinations for privacy and security policies. A global opt-in approach was used in
HIE participation were touted to encourage patient participation rather than making security a major concern Background and benefits
Convenience, enhanced security in the dispensing process, and timesavings are the features most appreciated by users today
Robust privacy and security frameworks In The netherlands individuals are able to exercise, to a significant degree, control over
The identifier is identical to the â€oesocial security numberâ€. This number does not provide any information and vest any right.
and security requirements and to keep records in accordance with the ADEMD guidelines. All these tasks are considered
systems, yet achieves greater security and cost savings through decentralisation ANNEX B. PROJECT BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY †153
Privacy and security are crucial References Aligning Incentives with Health System Priorities Introduction A range of financial incentive programmes have emerged to accelerate ICT adoption
Addressing the challenges with the implementation of privacy and security requirements References Using Benchmarking to Support Continuous Improvement
and importers who have strong security practices and a history of compliant behaviour with access to streamlined custom procedures.
Mint, and the registry services of the Australian Securities and Investment Commission. The Government†s Asset Recycling Initiative will provide incentive payments to the States to privatise
and information-gathering powers modelled on those available to the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. The Registered Organisations Commission will have the power to
dams to ensure water security for communities and industries. A Ministerial working group has been established to identify priorities for fast-tracking investment in water infrastructure
The Australian Securities and Investment Commission will also be consulted, given its oversight of disclosure documents involving the offer of financial
•Page 43 †Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)- istock •Page 47 †Students reading-istock
live in a stable society based on equality, security, equitable distribution and job satisfaction provide the best starting point for increased innovative ability
disruptions in service, security breaches or fire damage was reduced significantly "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-2. 1. Audit tools (Technology Audit
-tions for feelings of psychological security, favourable for creative manifestations "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES
The advantages of venture capital are that no security needs to be given, so if the investment doesn†t
A further problem with bank loans is that the bank will require security in the event that something
policies, which are caused often by social, political and/or security-related concerns and are supported not rarely by strong pressure groups in the society.
Secure societies †Protecting freedom and security of Europe and its citizens DRS-17-2014/2015
adoption, including trust, transaction security and concerns about intellectual property rights as well as challenges in areas of management skills and technological capabilities
Trust, security privacy and consumer protection are essential, †Regulatory and self-regulatory efforts to bolster trust
security, privacy and consumer protection can enable SMES to take full advantage of e-business. A culture of security to
enhance trust in the use of ICT, effective enforcement of privacy and consumer protection, and efforts to combat
security (including spam and viruses privacy and consumer protection. Intellectual property protection of ICT innovations and digital products is necessary to build the confidence among
organisational, security, trust and management skills in addition to ICT skills) in conjunction with education institutions, business and individuals
and security that the company provides. The responsibility for downtime now shifts from user to supplier,
An application in securities analysis. Management International Review 28 (1), 34†44 Historyitem v1 Insertblanks Where:
security and hygiene The mechanism is applied through a partnership between ADRAL (the regional development agency), the council and a commercial bank,
environment, security and hygiene The mechanism is applied through a partnership between ADRAL (the regional development agency
The quality of institutions such as government institutions (e g. rule of law, competition, security social institutions (labour-employer relations) also affect factor endowments
energy, smart mobility, logistics, and security Brainport has a population of about 740,000 people, a Gross Regional Product of EUR 27 bn and a
security contributions as well as on beneficial impact on structural change and value creation in the region.
resident of Estonia, for instance in energy, national defence and security, health care and welfare services INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
security of vehicles, and by improving interoperability between transport modes. An essential element in making public transport more attractive is improving
perceived security is a key barrier to public transport for many potential users. Security of urban passenger
transport is a key element of the EU Internal security Strategy and of the EU strategy in the fight against
To ensure that increased security does not compromise ease of travel, research initiatives have been set up to develop efficient and effective security
concepts Security measures for different transport modes have been developed and tested in CIVITAS projects in cities throughout Europe.
transport operators and local security authorities Surveys of public transport users, for instance in Stuttgart (Germany) and Malmã (Sweden), have
confidence in the security of public transport Research is supplemented by a coordinated approach in all Member States to harmonise controls and to
close security gaps. For this purpose, the European Commission has set up the Urban Transport Security
Expert Working group with a mandate to facilitate cooperation and exchange of experience between national authorities and transport operators.
Security criteria and benchmarks are being developed to enable authorities and transport operators to assess security levels and to apply the most efficient and
effective measures 1%1 %6 %14 %11 %38 %28 %1%car+taxi other pedestrian bicycle
security of supply as well as to a significant deficit in the EU trade balance and increasing costs to the
as security for a loan. In some countries, however, patents are crucial and often indispensable to have access to any funding for
consider IP as collateral/security for loans. However in the aftermath of the †dot com crisisâ€, questions
Road safety and security...pp. 17†21 Action area 4: Integration of the vehicle into the transport infrastructure...
Road safety and security ITS-based road safety and security applications have proved their effectiveness,
but the overall benefit for society depends on their wider deployment. At the same time, some safety -related issues require additional attention:
security of transport systems must be taken into account without jeopardising efficient and effective transport operations
safety-and security-related ITS systems, and further promote the more developed/advanced ones >TASKS AND ACHIE VEMENTS
security-related ITS systems, including their installation in new vehicles (via type approval) and, if relevant, their retrofitting in used ones
electronics and communications raises security and privacy issues which, if left unaddressed, could jeopardise the wider
be security vulnerabilities in electronics and communications systems. ITS technologies must ensure the integrity confidentiality and secure handling of data, including personal
Assess the security and personal data protection aspects related to the handling of data in ITS applications and services and propose measures in full compliance
•road safety and security •integration of the vehicle into the transport infrastructure •data security and protection, and liability issues
address legitimate concerns around digital issues like privacy and security without damaging the ICT ecosystem
the expected benefits of privacy and security, and it also holds significant potential to slow
innovation, public health and security, KETS (7) and Digital Agenda, are much more common than others (see Table 3). Thematic objectives,
%Public health and security 192 14.7 %Digital Agenda 152 11.6 %Cultural and creative industries 81 6. 2
%Public health and security Human health 5. 6 %As expected, there is a higher frequency in the priority combinations based on these main
Public administration, security and defence Defence Public administration, justice, judicial, public order, fire service and safety activities
Security and investigation activities Services to buildings and landscape activities Travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service and related activities
Safety and security Space Transport and logistics Blue growth Aquaculture Blue renewable energy Coastal and maritime tourism
Public health and security Ageing societies Food security and safety Public health and well-being Public safety and pandemics
and security arrangements. They are typically connected via a fibre transport ring (regional backbone. Regional headends are
taking into account intellectual property, security and data protection issues 131 58.0 25. Supporting research on the perspectives of various actors and stakeholders such as
Supporting research on (physical and mental health, security and legal issues related to ICT-ELI. 130 43.1
Supporting research on (physical and mental health, security and legal issues related to ICT-ELI 3. 5 Area 5:
property, security and data protection issues Encouraging research on the implementation process of ICT-ELI, focusing on the
Supporting research on (physical and mental health, security and legal issues related to ICT-ELI Promoting research on the ICT-ELI that happen at micro-level
security and data protection issues 8 4. 6 3. 8 11.5 21.4 22.9 35.1 58.0 Supporting research on the perspectives of
mental health, security and legal issues related to ICT-ELI 8 4. 6 13.1 11.5 26.9 24.6 18.5 43.1
security; health and consumer protection; information society and digital agenda; safety and security including nuclear;
all supported through a crosscutting and multi-disciplinary approach LB-N A-26601-EN -N
needs to be clear legislation governing patient privacy and protecting the security of health information
Confidentiality and security guidelines developed by UNAIDS/USG Protecting the privacy and security of health information should be a high priority for all countries.
However the subject is complex and providing necessary access as well as confidentiality can be difficult in practice
have provided a set of guidelines for the confidentiality and security of health information (30 Nineteen per cent of responding countries have adopted these guidelines
data structure, data interchange, semantic content, security, pharmacy and medicines business devices, business requirements for electronic health records,
models, terminology, security, and technology for interoperability. CEN TC 251 works closely with the ISO
security issues related to patient data Fifteen per cent of the responding countries use this standard.
and privacy of patient information and security (36 Conclusions 4 54 The resolution urges Member States to
data privacy and security Member States rely on this resolution to provide high-level guidance for ehealth planning.
to the management of patient information are data privacy, security, and interoperability. This unique resource, the National ehealth Strategy Toolkit, will be published in 2012
recognizes the important need for the development of patient health data privacy and security standards Individual patient data must be protected from unauthorized disclosure.
Guidelines on protecting the confidentiality and security of HIV information: proceedings from a workshop Geneva, UNAIDS, 2007
•Priority Area B-Data Analytics, Management, Security & Privacy •Priority Area C-Digital Platforms, Content & Applications
well as data related to online security and cybercrime, gender and youth, and cultural and environmental aspects.
security frameworks •Which techniques are needed for data anonymization for aggregated datasets such as mobile-phone records
transparency and digital security issues Box 1. 4: What is a data revolution The report of the High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the
well as with privacy and security. Addressing such privacy and other concerns with respect to data sharing and use is critical,
Privacy and security As social scientists look towards private data sources, privacy and security concerns become
paramount. To mitigate the potential risks, all stakeholders must see tangible benefits from such data sharing.
35 Anonymization and security techniques are very rich. For further information, see, for example, El Emam, K. 2013
ITU (2006), Security in Telecommunications and Information technology: An overview of issues and the deployment of existing
Narayanan, A. and Shmatikov, V. 2008), Robust de-anonymization of large sparse datasets. 2008 IEEE Symposium on Security
Changes during Migration. 2011 IEEE Third Int†l Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust and 2011 IEEE Third Int†l
2. 2 Cyber security †Information systems and networks Security...45 2. 2. 1 Introduction...45 2. 2. 2 European context...
3. Pillar III †Trust & Security †increases the trust of web users in electronic services and online
security networks and systems III-Trust and security Page 10 of 170 In order to reach the goal to
reform the way how the government works, shares information engages citizens and delivers services to
IT Spending for Security Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology #of training programs regarding cyber security
Implementing security standards Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC responsible All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior
security field Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC responsible All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior
the cybernetic security in Romania and the European Cybercrime Centre within Europol (center instituted in
an investment should improve at least the security of a public service. All initiatives should describe tangible and quantif iable
5. Protect security and privacy Ensuring a trusting environment for public services is crucial for a fast adoption of these in an online
A small security flaw in one service can have a detrimental effect on the perceived benefits
All investments will take all the appropriate measures for ensuring security for services, data, and processes.
Security should cover all aspects of a service (financial security, operational security, transactional security. Security should not compromise usability
of a service (for example entities should not impose a nonstandard way for authentication, registration, authorization;
entities should not issue a different token/card than the one marked as standard by the Romanian Government
Security, Cloud Computing, Open Data Big data and Social media Field of Action II ICT in Education, Health
SECURITY, CLOUD COMPUTING, OPEN DATA, BIG DATA AND SOCIAL MEDIA 2. 1 EGOVERNMENT AND INTEROPERABILITY 2. 1. 1 Introduction
2. 2 CYBER SECURITY †INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS SECURITY 2. 2. 1 Introduction Preamble Trust and security in public services is national priority for the Romanian government
and is the underlying requirement for electronic infrastructure of data networks, electronic services and communications
and proactive measures can include policies, concepts, standards, security guides, risk management training and awareness activities, implementation of technical solution to project the cybernetic
information via the CIIP initiative, for border security and resilience of critical information and communications infrastructure by stimulating
Security Strategy was published, for a directive concerning measures to ensure a high common level of network and information security across the Union
Connect to strengthen the security of information systems in the EU and is comprised of 4 major priorities
In its Pillar III"Security and Trust",the Digital Agenda for Europe defines a series of cyber security
information and to ensure that security issues will be addressed effectively and solved. ENISA will provide the exchange and collaboration.
The initiative will improve the security of citizens and businesses and it is expected to have a positive effect on companies,
analyze and classify security incidents in the cyber infrastructure, as per the area of competence.
existing security platforms, eventually merging and consolidating their national platform and access to Europol and staff training in fighting against cybercrime.
In this matter, at national level, we will consider implementing processes of security risk management in the public administration.
Commission in the Digital Agenda and its Pillar III-Trust and Security †as well as to the progress of other
national actions for cyberspace security, including the cooperation with academia and business trade associations and nongovernmental organizations-NGOS
ï 37%of Romanian users are concerned about security related aspects of online payments 2. 2. 4 Strategic Lines of Development
Implementing security standards Strategic Increase cyber security by reducing vulnerabilities and implement minimum procedural and security
standards for cyber public and private infrastructures Responsible: Operative Council for Page 50 of 170
security culture in cyber field Development of public awareness programs in public administration and the private sector
security Concluding agreements of international cooperation for improving the response capacity in the event of major cyber attacks
security field Operational Responsible: Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC Promote the national security interests in the international
performance, resilience and security together with cost efficiency. Understanding and managing risks related to the adoption and integration of cloud computing capabilities into public bodies is a key
Effectively managing the security and resilience issues related to cloud computing capabilities is prompting many public bodies to innovate,
ï Heterogeneous security solutions which reflect in greater security risk ï Granular purchase of hardware and software solutions does not provide transparency on
the data connections, the security platforms (on the level of data centers Responsible: Ministry for
level of availability, security redundancy for protection in case of disasters, protection to data loss etc.
ï Increase of security on the level of data center by implementation of up-to-date, standard and
proved security solutions. Data will be much less prone to loss because the data backup processes
creation, natural disasters and nationals security At the European level, the improvement of the analytics and data processing, especially Big data, will
-Security Enabler produce and require massive amounts of data, often unstructured and increasingly in real-time
employment, education, health, information and communications, mobility, security, justice and culture designed to combat social exclusion based on criteria such as poverty, geographical location, disability and
security in Romania, and the European Cybercrime Centre, within Europol (center instituted in 2013 at European level.
operation failures, security incidents, operations & maintenance Financial monitoring and Claw-back mechanisms The Entrustment Act will mandatory
cybernetic security The existence of certain developed strategies with respect to the cybernetic security and the development
of the electronic system for public acquisition-ESPA The lack of a regulatory framework with respect to the
security of the online systems Our conclusion after the SWOT analysis is that the following measures will remediate the most important
improvement of cybernetic security ï Support for the use of open sources and standards for future facilitation and assurance of
The security of information, low confidence of a certain part of the citizens The continuous change of the environment and of the legal
amount borrowed-securities 4. Client authenticity is verified by the bank 5. Decision 5. 1 Approval,
securities with the guarantee fund in order to grant the loan 2. If the loan application meets its
security (standard/cap amount Medium Terminating a business Bankruptcy ï 2013 -27.145 insolvency Page 139 of 170
ï§Adherence to National Standards (security, interoperability, etc o Prioritization for the lines of actions will be done based on the following criteria
National Centre for Response on Cybernetic Security Incidents National Information Service National Centre for Managing the Information Society
IT Spending for Security indirect indirect indirect direct indirect indirect direct indirect indirect direct direct
-ers in†at the expense of security, privacy and openness: protocols are often propri -etary, the systems are centralised (particu
-ing cybe-security and mainstreaming digitalisation The Digital Agenda for Europe20 Innovation Union21, and Horizon
accreditations to deal with the risks of cyber threat, fraud and other security threats 6 Part One NHS Prescription Services:
ï NHS Counter Fraud and Security Management Service Authority Prescription Services 2. 2 NHS Prescription Services,
security arrangements and for carrying out regular disaster recovery rehearsals and penetration test exercises. However, there is no evidence of either test being carried
Governance Toolkit. 13 No major security incidents were reported in 2011-12 However, the IT staff we spoke to were unaware of the arrangements and
accreditations to deal with the risks of cyber threat and fraud and other security threats Technology
Security processes The legacy ICT system meets government security standards (accreditation) in a cost-effective manner and its security controls
ensure the confidentiality, availability and integrity of data. External security risk assessments are carried out regularly.
No bespoke security systems or processes are required Technology Applications The legacy ICT system fully integrates with the wider ICT
functional and security patches systematically. Test facilities exist that replicate the production environment exist or can easily be created
Building security and trust...26 Legal uncertainties...28 E-business adoption challenges: lessons from EBIP...29
trust and transaction security and IPR concerns, and challenges in areas of management skills technological capabilities, productivity and competitiveness.
Get the regulatory infrastructure right for trust, security, privacy and consumer protection Essential are a culture of security to enhance trust in the use of ICT, effective enforcement of privacy and
consumer protection, and combating cyber-crime and spam. Strengthened cross-border co-operation between all stakeholders is necessary to reach these goals.
Security of Information systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security; OECD (1999), Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic commerce;
OECD (1998), Ministerial Declarations on the Protection of Privacy in Global networks, on Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic
security (including spam and viruses), privacy and consumer protection. Intellectual property protection of ICT innovations and digital products is necessary to build the
including marketing, organisational, security, trust and management skills in addition to ICT skills) in conjunction with education institutions, business and individuals
and security and trust factors (security and reliability of e-commerce systems uncertainty of payment methods, legal frameworks
security. In Canada, among businesses that did not buy or sell over the Internet, 56%believed that their
%Do not trust technology/security Customer's access to Internet is insuff icient It w ould not pay off
Building security and trust Lesser known SMES are at a clear disadvantage in terms of buyer confidence compared with
security, protection of credit-related information and secure system firewalls. As more on-line clients demand secure transaction environments, SMES are likely to face increasing costs for system protection
Statistical surveys show that security issues (viruses, hackers) are among the most important perceived barriers to Internet use by businesses (B2b and B2c), although large
of data or security issues 47.4 61.1 48.1 48.4 55.1 48.6 45.4 44.7 45.3 44.2
confidence factors (e g. brand image, transaction security, legal structures, IPR issues) were of lower concern on average but were seen more often as being negative, particularly in areas such as protection of
transaction security (they are also more likely to be transacting on-line than small firms), and were more
Security, confidence building and the legal framework Business and consumer confidence in the security and trustworthiness of on-line transactions is
essential to the development of e-commerce. It largely hinges on assuring both businesses and consumers
High levels of concern about on-line security, changes in technologies and the overall on-line environment are reflected in the 2002 OECD â€oeguidelines for the Security of Information systems and
Networks: Towards a Culture of Securityâ€, a revision of the 1992 â€oeoecd Guidelines on Security of
Information Systemsâ€. Regarding authentication for e-commerce, the 1998 OECD Ottawa Declaration on Authentication for E-commerce gave favourable consideration to the 1996 Model Law on Electronic
trust and security in on-line transactions, for example by introducing and demonstrating authentication and digital signature systems
security, authentication and consumer protection 43 Summary General business framework and ICT policies have an important role in enhancing the conditions
•Address security, trust and confidence through broad policy frameworks, regulatory and self-regulatory tools, trustworthy technologies and affordable redress mechanisms
OECD (2002e), â€oeguidelines for the Security of Information systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Securityâ€, OECD, Paris
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011