willing to take risks and naturally entrepreneurial in mindset. The region could consider ways and means of harnessing this
internationalisation may run the risk of †running before you can walk†for many SMES.
in high and low-risk ventures, and in pretty much all sectors and sub-sectors of the economy (OECD, 2001.
environment and risk prevention on the other The Spanish labour market differs somewhat from that of most European countries.
However, the risk in this restructuring is that it does not address the innovation needs of traditional sectors.
and go to work for a start up company with any assurance that they will be able to return from that employment to their university position
NRC-IRAP operates on a shared-risk model, providing cost-shared financial assistance for research
Chances and Risks of the Merger Between Cohesion and Innovation Policy. †Euro 18 (1, vol. 18, no. 1
in high and low-risk ventures; and in pretty much all sectors and sub-sectors of the economy (OECD, 2001, p. 35.
engage in risk-taking, desire to achieve independence, and self-fulfilment of the entrepreneur. At the
Environment, natural surroundings, water resources and risk prevention (29.7%of total expenditure ï Priority 4:
to take risks and naturally entrepreneurial in their mindset. The region could consider ways and means
prices are pitched should be designed to minimise the risk of †crowding out†private sector providers
) For many SMES, the risks involved in supplying international markets often outweigh the returns, and indeed, previous research
may run the risk of †running before you can walk†for many SMES. Other policies which focus upon
Despite this, in the late 1980s the Danish Government identified the threat of increased global
Financial vulnerability and low levels of managerial competence are also common problems (Maskell, 1998) and increasing competitive pressures on SMES are making some of the
courage to assume risk, and especially about how to be independent. Still about my parents,
innovativeness), the risk-taking propensity by the CEO, and evidence of proactiveness Miller and Friesen, 1982;
where an atmosphere of high risk predominates, fewer opportunities, and with tremendous competitiveness, an entrepreneurial behavior is recommended specially
proactiveness and risk-taking propensity Especially the environment has long been considered one of the critical contingencies in
Environmental hostility represents the degree of threat to the firm posed by the multifacetedness, vigor and intensity of the competition.
risk-taking propensity of the firm†s CEO. Innovativeness refers to a firm†s tendency to
) Risk-taking reflects a firm†s willingness to commit more resources to projects in which the expected returns are uncertain.
risk-taking is the tendency to engage in high-risk project and managerial preferences for bold versus cautions actions
through an organization†s exhibition of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking Covin et al. 2006 44
new products or services, proactiveness and risk-taking propensity (Miller, 1983; Miller and Friesen, 1982),
strong risk-taking propensity by top management under highly uncertain conditions Covin and Slevin, 1989;
Risk-taking involves taking bold actions by venturing into the unknown Rauch et al. 2009), it reflects the tendency to assume relatively high levels of risk
-seeking profitable opportunities in the face of uncertainty and the achievement of long -term profitability
uncertainty are used to encourage greater levels of innovation and risk-taking, which would imply the adoption of an entrepreneurial posture.
-activeness and risk-taking propensity. We applied the exploratory factor analysis to assess dimensionality and validity.
third dimension measure the pro-activeness and the propensity for risk-taking respectively. The higher the score (minimum 1 and maximum 7), the more
the crucial need for product innovation, proactive behavior and risk-taking propensity is more clearly in firms which operate in hostile environments
risk predominates, few opportunities, and with tremendous competitiveness, an entrepreneurial posture of the firm is recommended specially.
and a risk-taking propensity. Considering that networks are both cognitive structures in the minds of individuals and actual structures of relationships that link individuals
assume greater or lesser risk activities 72 In addition, Ripollã s and Blesa (2005; 2006) found a direct causal contribution of the
and a moderate risk-taking approach†(Ripollã s and Blesa, 2005 p. 243. According to these results, the following general hypothesis about the relation
five items related to risk-taking and innovation to distinguish between entrepreneurial and conservative firms. â€oean entrepreneurial firm is one that engages in product-market
high-risk projects for the chance of high return, namely, a strong risk-taking propensity by top management under highly uncertain conditions (Covin and Slevin, 1989
and that assume relevant risks to growth (Covin and Slevin, 1991), in the same way Brown et al.
support a positive relationship between risk-taking and growth rates, confirming that the influence of EO on performance can be somewhat more insecure,
-activeness and risk-taking propensity. We applied the exploratory factor analysis to assess dimensionality and validity.
third dimension measure the pro-activeness and the propensity for risk-taking respectively. The higher the score (minimum 1 and maximum 7), the more
innovation and risk-taking are demanded Secondly, we argue that it is important to know the effectiveness of network usage as a
set of digital technologies, trends, opportunities and threats is creating yet another competitive frontier The 2015 CIO Survey and our most recent CEO Survey show that not only do CIOS expect,
in value and risk management that could thwart digitalization, and replace pragmatic command and control with visionary leadership
and the assurance of Gartner objectivity and independence Executive programs equips CIOS and senior technology executives
•Are you able to mitigate the risk of product decisions with the right partners, products, terms and pricing
Big data to monitor risks and identify opportunities Another big trend that is further maturing in 2014 is the application of big data
bottom line, this also limits the risk of the kind of reputation damages that go hand-in-hand with online fraud
company threats them, they will keep coming back to you and probably provide you with very valuable word-of-mouth advertising
people see the Asian invasion on the European market as a threat, and there are some good reasons for this,
combine a high level of technology competence with the ability to accept a high financial risk since new, radical technological developments take long time,
but also raises issues of risks and safety Assessing safety impacts of nanostructured materials is complicated by the fact that
has to consider risk and safety issues seriously, and regulation needs to balance between considering health and safety issues and stimulating innovation
and prioritising encironmental, health and safety (EHS) research that facilitates appropriate risk analysis and risk
public, particularly with respect to real and perceived benefits and risks; to develop and implement standards critical for nanomaterial identification, characterisation and risk assessment;
and to coordinate strategically-guided research on nanotechnology related EHS issues, including a balanced assessment of risks and benefits
NNI is a policy initiative within a wider framework of policy activities to promote nanotechnology in the USA
while technological and market risks are high and future returns not yet known. Public funding as well as a viable venture capital industry is critical to overcome financial barriers
perceived risk potentials are important activities here. Certainty about regulatory issues is also critical for nanotechnology producers to decide about investment and directions of future
market which results from a certain risk aversion and a rather short-term time horizon of the
programmes for risk assessment and risk control can reduce uncertainty about likely future impacts of nanotechnology and thus stimulate investment and demand
radically new technology with potential health risks in need for regulation. Also the nanoelectronics field does not seem to pose new health risks with production contained in
highly controlled environments and output comprising solid electronic components. However recycling of electronic goods is regulated increasingly with electronics waste representing an
take the risk to start own commercial ventures. Secondly, the culture of the people in the
characterised as incremental, it is unlikely that microelectronics face a threat of substitution by another technology.
advisers and services (including biotechnology associations), a culture that respects risks, and last but not least a strategic location close London†s large financial market, providing access
is a threat for R&d activities in advanced biofuels and cellulosic ethanol. 62 Norms and values:
New regulations on carbon emissions threat to the industry Norms and values/culture Culture of entrepreneurship
new technology with potential health risks in need for regulation. Rules and regulation are hence not mentioned by any of the analyses as a relevant factor
R&d in advanced materials is associated with high costs and risks and long amortisation times for new materials.
and risks of R&d are high while returns from sales of new products may be still out of
reduces at the same time the risk that manufacturing technologies are copied easily by competitors or substituted by competing technologies.
-Brandenburg photonics cluster, run the risk of staying †stuck†in knowledge development and inter-firm collaboration between local smaller firms, without making †the jump†to large scale
discourages openness, creativity, innovation and risk taking (soft institutions. Capabilities in the fields of technology, organisation and marketing are also necessary for innovation to be
acceptance of risk and failure, and cultural attitudes tend to be more egalitarian. In Anglo
and risk and failure are considered part of that European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 344error!
high information asymmetries over the prospects and risks of KET-related R&d activities. As a consequence, traditional ways of external funding are restricted
technological and market risks, a generally favourable framework for innovation and commercialisation of new technology can be helpful as well.
and risk taking, can be important activities, as well as a favourable financial environment, including tax incentives for R&d and investment in new technologies
 threats  or  opportunities  The  authors  are  quite  clear
Indeed, part of the risk that CIOS face on digital is that other business managers, or wholly new specialist
other CIOS. They show a much stronger appetite for risk and a greater ability to influence the rest of the business
So is the CDO emerging as is often the case with a threat that could replace CIOS,
digital world †and those who are not are increasingly at risk. â€oeas more applications and infrastructure get moved to the cloud, IT
address the opportunities and threats that digital transformation provides to their firms, they need to be a part of their executive
%Minimize possible risks 66 %60 %Deliver signiï cant corporate cost efï ciencies 78 %81 %Account for IT issues and
such as in seeking to minimize risks IBM€ s global-local IT transformation Diego Calegari, Spanish South
It takes out risk. It takes out a lot of the variations. It gives us insight into new opportunities
risks, and this is particularly true for digital-ready CIOS. They need to be brave enough to take a bet on emerging technologies.
a bigger risk for the business †and thus gets closer scrutiny Accordingly, digital-ready CIOS need to be willing to embrace this
This involves a willingness to risk failure: understanding that not all digital projects will deliver as hoped.
back from taking risks by these issues. It is in their attitude to risk that typical CIOS often come unstuck
â€oe Like an ipad that even two-year olds can use by pure intuition the success of digital
flamboyant, outgoing, risk-taking types. So companies may need to rethink their hiring processes to seek out a different caliber of
Finance, Risk & Compliance, Nedbank 2002 †2003 General manager Programme Integration Nedbank 1996 †2002
risks Widen your resume Tasks at a personal level Set up the right architectures for growth
risks. While it may make a lot of sense to move email and CRM systems quickly to the cloud, it†s a much more involved decision to know when to
EY Assurance Tax Transactions Advisory About EY EY is a global leader in assurance, tax, transaction and advisory services
The insights and quality services we deliver help build trust and confidence in the capital markets and in economies the world over.
-the risk propensity 260 -the provider†s capacity for technical evaluation -the provider†s insertion on the innovation market
making capability, risk and regulatory management, business process engineering and languages †But needs to continue to enhance the skills base
 Strategic Flood Risk Assessment The enterprise agencies, IDA and EI are part of the Steering/Implementation Committee for
Litigation support, risk assessment, patent writing, IP services legal research services etc Contract Research Outsourcing
Risks Leveraged by infrastructure and processes Data security, IP leakage Target Economies of scale Domain expertise Depth not size
 Domain expertise (specific to a vertical sector), risk management, global partnership management, advanced technology and computing skills, analytics etc are increasingly
when there is actual acceptance of risk and the commitment of resources occurs A growing number of practitioners and
as innovation entails considerable risk -taking (Blumentritt and Danis 2006 successful implementation requires making significant systemic changes in a
firm to promote risk. A strategy that focuses on innovation will also likely require some degree of flexibility in its
at greater risk of having products and services marginalized by technologically superior competitors With regards to IT, in many respects
vulnerability to commodity price fluctuations will require diversification into other sectors of the economy and
highlight its simultaneous resilience and vulnerability to global economic developments, with regional variations Although growth in sub-Saharan middle-income
 •Identification of possible implementation risks  •Real data for costs and benefits evaluation and decision
management, risk management with SG roll out  •Accompanying activities  † â€oeenergy21 initiativeâ â€:
as well as averting the risks of misuses that inevitably accompany any step of human evolution I am thankful to the authors for this startling journey into a nascent field,
A main Internet trend-threat is recognised today: an increasing con -centration of power in services in the
Smart Cities project risks being dominated by US companies such as IBM, Google and Ciscos, partly because of the lack of
A major risk for the Future Internet is the realisation of the †Big Brother†scenario, with big industrial
there is a risk that the innovation ecosystem will become more closed, favouring incumbents and dominant players, thereby in time constraining
and offer more incentives for risk taking Entrepreneurial knowledge involves much more than science and technology.
on embeddedness, a regional development strategy may risk increasing vulnerability to changing economic conditions. Therefore, it is crucial that the second principle of
linear view of innovation, run the risk of autarky, and take a narrow view on the role of policy in
stimulation of entrepreneurship/management of risk and uncertainty; market formation mobilisation of resources; and legitimation.
involved in the RIS process), the design of the RIS3 architecture needs to anticipate the risk of
but it does mean that the costs and risks associated with entrepreneurial search are shared and therefore do not become too prohibitive for
Prioritisation always entails risks for those who have to select those few domains that, as a result
assets, are the best guarantees to avoid both the risk of capture by interest groups and the risk of
Strategies that stop before this step run the risk of remaining unimplemented and/or not credible.
Developing a RIS3 involves a degree of risk-taking, since there is always some uncertainty in the choice of priorities, both in the events that can change the
before possible extension, limiting risk Even more than for conventional projects and actions, pilot projects need to be
of the industrial base, uncovering specific risk factors, such as the existence of a number of industries in need of modernisation or the dependence of the regional
This implies, for instance, verifying that the vulnerability and capacity of adaptation of the regional innovation system have been and are
EU level debt instruments (guarantees/risk sharing: CIP-SMEG, RSFF, LGTT •Risk Sharing Finance Facility (RSFF.
The Risk-Sharing Finance Facility (RSFF) aims to improve access to debt financing for promoters of
research and innovation investments by sharing the underlying risks between the EU and the EIB.
Together, the European commission and the EIB are 113 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/finance/cip-financial-instruments/index en. htm
-sized firms, the Risk-Sharing Instrument (RSI), was launched at the end of 2011. It was operated by the EIF on behalf of the EIB and provides
risk and consequently improves the financial viability of such TEN-T projects. 117 Policy DG in charge:
to film producers in order to reduce their risk and increase their lending activities in favour of the sector.
particular to vulnerable groups in risk of social exclusion, for the purpose of setting up small commercial operations;
risk finance product range of SME finance initiatives, complementing the products offered by the EIB with
low cost, low risk, and off-the-shelf solutions once the (political) decision on what to buy and at which price has been made even
pooling of risk and resources across countries and different administrations •Difficulties for innovative SMES to become involved in public procurement
and by decreasing the potential innovation costs and financial risks through ERDF co-funding •The recognition of the procurement phase as strategic in public policy
There is a risk of it being hampered by insufficient knowledge limited support of grass roots, social enterprise and social entrepreneurship
risk of poverty and social exclusion, the need for better and more transparent governance, and a more sustainable resource management
risk management and strategic planning with a view to obtaining a better access to the private capital markets, to expand
risk assessment, market study, user involvement, Intellectual Property (IP) management innovation strategy development, partner search, feasibility of concept and the like to
as access to the financial facilities supported under Access to Risk Finance of this work
the higher risks resulting from international opening of the schemes. Financial incentives, for example co-funding a limited number of initial transnational cooperation projects with
to Risk Finance Work Programme), and should help ensure greater access to risk finance by
of pandemic threats and will help to fight antimicrobial resistance The return on this investment will include new ways to
drugs and tobacco consumption, environmental risks accidents at work, in traffic or at home, etc •Protecting citizens from health threats:
combat pandemics or biological incidents and address the threat of bioterrorism and climate change •Supporting dynamic health systems and new technologies
e-health, genomics and biotechnologies revolutionise healthcare and health systems, lower costs and contribute to their future sustainability support and the shift from
Managing food risk information in an online world Food scares can undermine consumer confidence, ruin business reputations and create unnecessary panic
estimated 80 million people are at risk of poverty and 14 million young people are not in education,
The project is developing countermeasures that detect signs of â€oeliveness†(e g. blinking, perspiration) and improve
transferred five of these countermeasures to companies Knowledge gained will help improve the design of future
Terrorist acts committed using Home Made Explosives (HME) pose an increasing threat to our citizens.
Our capacity to deal with this threat is challenged by terrorists†ability to easily manufacture explosives from common components
today's global market environment, various risks and opportunities provide reason for business to engage
and the level of uncertainty or risk involved. Hybrid approaches are increasingly common So is collaboration.
Four billion people worldwide are estimated to earn less than $4 a day. 7 These four billion represent both risk
On the risk side, poverty breeds despair, and people without hope are a threat to stability and progress.
This risk affects business generally, and the ICT sector by extension. But the primary motivation for ICT companies to help the poor get richer is opportunity, not risk
2. 1 New and Expanding Markets As described above, ICTS increase efficiency, productivity, and access to goods, services, information, and
markets. Demand for these benefits is high. If the right complements †such as power, connectivity, content
Celtel has partnered even with Leadway Assurance Plc to offer SMES a 70%discount on auto insurance through the bundle. 35
the risk of becoming an impediment to future success: when industries are young and the current stakes are
For customers, these services reduce the risk associated with carrying cash; save time and expense in money transfer;
The UK€ s Department for International Development (Dfid) matched Vodafone†s investment, reducing its risk
worked with public and private partners on a number of options to reduce risk, such as payment by payroll
There are a number of potential threats; for instance, because the ROI on a PTA is significantly
identifying and responding to risk and opportunity throughout the extended enterprise Drivers So far, Azerbaijan, Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, the Kyrgyz Republic,
•formalize the link between EITI adoption and sovereign risk ratings Nigeria received a mark up in its sovereign risk rating after implementing EITI.
However, for rating agencies to consider EITI implementation on an ongoing basis, they will have to be sure that the processes in place to collect
SAP€ s Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) team develops solutions that help customers collect and
enterprise has unlocked value for SAP€ s customers by helping them identify risks and opportunities earlier and
Amit Chatterjee, Senior vice president of the Governance, Risk and Compliance Business Unit for SAP AG in Palo alto, believes that similar value can be unlocked through
Chatterjee is optimistic. â€oearound more complex problems, with higher risk and higher betas of success,
Chatterjee, Amit, Senior vice president, Governance, Risk, and Compliance Business Unit, SAP AG. 2007. Personal communication (telephone
and disseminating risk management concepts and capabilities at Booz Allen Hamilton, the consultancy, with special emphasis on the strategic
risks companies face as a result of social, environmental, and international development issues. Beth also spent four years working on base-of
too high risk of innovation projects, too expensive tech -nology. This applies both to SMES and large firms.
on risk, technological advance, and economic situation of the firm. This means that a newly established firm
pursuing a high-risk and technologically ambitious inno -vation project will receive a higher percentage of the
, novelty, R&d risk, feasibility, func -tionality, technological upgrading) and economic performance, marketing experience and perspectives
and mediation of risk capi -tal The technological level of firms benefiting from direct support, in particular the FFF scheme,
lack of finance, too high risk consultancy, reduction of risk Technological effects: technical services, technical know-26.9 10.3 Technological problems:
lack of technical know-how how inavailable or too expensive technology Manpower effects: funds for personnel 44.9 11.5 Manpower problems:
-ing the risk of collective failure at cluster level (Bathelt 2004: 155. This has conse
prosperity would be at risk. 39 36 EEA Report No 1/2007: Transport and environment:
Impostors, by minimising the risk of dealing with impostors or persons who attempt to escape responsibility by claiming to have been impersonated
Message integrity, by minimising the risk of undetected message tampering and forgery, and of false claims that a message was altered after it was sent
as to lower implementation risks and consequently maximize investment returns. As an example, while the European commission, ETSI, industry associations and commercial
in business is to diminish the risk of such transactions by introducing some uniform rules
place, costly investments bear the risk of becoming ineffective. Thus, revisiting the two initially specified working hypotheses (see 4. 1. 1),
avoiding duplicating task and minimising the risk of losing important data. The system allows eliminating existing duplicated processes and reducing errors in the information
competitive threat for domestic UK firms such as N c. Cammack & Son, for whom 98%of
skills in place, costly investments bear the risk of becoming ineffective IT practitioners. Interviewed SMES often lack a coherent ICT investment strategy or the
It is estimated that one in three people aged over 65 is at risk of falling †going up to
consequences, including a real risk of fatality. Technology permits the development of solutions which enable the elderly and the disabled with severe injuries to walk
operational programmes for prevention, early identification and minimisation of risk and management of falls Making technologies accessible to the ageing population
but also carries risks. Only 12%of European web users feel completely safe making online transactions. 38%of users had concerns with the
to a wide range of evolving threats (lack of privacy, loss of data, malfunctioning of the network due to a cyberattack.
must be resilient and secure against all sorts of threats. Strong cooperation between EU governments, public bodies and private companies is necessary
To react to threats in real-time conditions, the European Commission will establish a network of Computer Emergency Response
systems are a growing threat, and there is an increasing concern about the potential for terrorist or politically motivated attacks against information
•trust in technology †74%of EU Internet users in 2012 think that the risk
threat; unless addressed, this asymmetrical threat will have locked the defenders into a vicious cycle: chasing after attackers without ever being able to catch up
The Project Syssec†s objective is to be proactive instead of being reactive to cyber attacks.
predicting threats and vulnerabilities, and build the defence before threats materialise Syssec will create a Network of Excellence in the field of Systems Security for Europe
to play a leading role in changing the rules of the game Current trends in Internet applications such as Web 2. 0, cloud computing, and the
and to engage a think-tank in discovering the threats and vulnerabilities of the Current and Future Internet
•create an active research roadmap in the area, and •develop a joint working plan to conduct State-of-the-art collaborative research
not only today†s threats, but also those of tomorrow. DEMONS€ s objective is to realise this infrastructure by applying novel distributed systems technologies and leveraging
•propose countermeasures such as combining biometric information from multiple sources •examine novel biometrics that may be inherently robust to direct attacks
mitigation of new threats and vulnerabilities. A platform will be constructed for creating and maintaining secure and trusted composite services
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011