Danish Enterprise and Construction Authority 2011). ) The Vision of the Danish Design 2020 Committee. P. 11
developing the innovation performance of the enterprise sector (and the strengthening of the overall innovation ecosystem) in particular
Enterprise Ireland, the government agency responsible for the development and growth of Irish enterprises on global markets, has been to the forefront of this programme of
investment with supports provided across a range of areas such as â€oe Design in America isn†t about form
Other supports are provided by Local Enterprise Offices, which provide a range of complementary initiatives to support people who
the domestic and global challenges facing our enterprise develop -ment, but instead should be considered a further tool in the innova
enterprise statistics for services (NACE Rev. 2 Extracted February 2014 7 Ibid 8 Galindo-Reuda, F. and Millot F
for Enterprise and Housing 2003). ) The Economic Effects of Design, P. 3 â€oe Design pays off.
by Enterprise Ireland. Collectively the program focused on design for manufac -ture optimisation, resulting in reduced
and strategies and driven by either enterprise departments, national design councils/design centers or design promotion institutes.
Enterprise, Trade and Investment) is influencing companies in Northern ireland to help increase their productivity, reduce costs
New zealand Trade and Enterprise Investment: NZ$5MILLION per annum (approx. â 3. 8m)( ongoing Run by: Better By design (Operating within
New zealand Trade and Enterprise 38 Text adapted by the authors from the SEE Project Case study
development agency is part of the Department of Enterprise Trade and Investment, manages the country†s Design Service
Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment Investment: £2. 4m (2008-2011) £3. 5m (2012-2015
Initially funded under the Enterprise Ireland Applied Research Enhancement Scheme from January 2006 to December 2009
Enterprise Ireland Applied Research Enhancement Scheme Investment: â 121,000 (2007-2008 Run by: Centre for Design Innovation
respond to industry through Enterprise Ireland†s Innovation Voucher Scheme. 44 Avenue Moulding mapped its service offering, developed a well-received
Design Flanders is part of Enterprise Flanders a government agency charged with developing the economy and enterprises in Flanders
the Dutch-speaking northern part of Belgium. One of the core func -tions of Design Flanders is to encourage companies to incorporate
The SME Wallet is a business support delivered by Enterprise Flan -ders. It enables SMES in Flanders to obtain subsidies of between
Enterprise Flanders Investment: â 202,500 (2013-ongoing Run by: Design Flanders S upport P rogram m
Department of Enterprise Jobs and Innovation /Enterprise Ireland /Local Enterprise Offices Irish Design 2015 /Enterprise Ireland
/Local Enterprise Offices CSO-Enterprise Ireland /Department of Enterprise Innovation & Jobs /Irish Design 2015
A ctions 82 Medium Term Actions Identified Opportunities Recommendations Responsible Organisation (s 01 Develop a National Strategy
to Accelerate the Application of Design-Driven Innovation Processes 02 Recognition of Design as a
Key Tool to Drive Innovation Performance in Ireland 03 Broaden the Role of The Advisory
and Development Services 04 Increase the Number of Design -Driven Innovation Courses across Higher Level Education
Broaden the envisaged Strategy for the Design Sector under the Government†s Action Plan for Jobs
Department of Enterprise Jobs and Innovation /Enterprise Ireland /Design and Craft Council of Ireland Department of Enterprise
Jobs and Innovation /Enterprise Ireland /IDA /Science Foundation Ireland /Higher education Authority /Irish Research Council Enterprise Ireland
/Local Enterprise Offices Higher education Authority /Third Level Institutes /Education and Training Boards A ct io
ns 83 Long term Actions Identified Opportunities Recommendations Responsible Organisation (s 01 Increase Exposure to Design
Processes in Primary and Secondary education 02 Encourage the Promotion and Application of Design-Driven Innovation Processes in the Public
Procurement System 03 Develop a Network of Centres of Design Innovation Across Ireland to Support Local Industry
/Local Enterprise Offices A ctions 84 â€oefrom our research and experiences, we anticipate that in the
General, Department of Jobs, Enterprise & Innovation /Gerry Finn, Director, Northern & Western Regional Assembly
Local Enterprise Office, Dublin City council /Linzi Ryan, Senior Design Research Associate Centre for Design Innovation, IT Sligo
Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment /Stephen Dunniece, Technical Director & Systems Design Engineer Cirdan Imaging
Adviser, Enterprise Ireland /Eugene Forde, Department of Enterprise Trade and Employment /Karen Hennessy, Chief executive Design and Crafts Council of Ireland
/Stephen Hughes, Manger Construction Timber and Consumer, Enterprise Ireland /Chantelle Kiernan, Scientific & Innovation Advisor, IDA
/Laura Magahy, CEO MCO Projects, Executive Chair Irish Design 2015 & Chair of the Design
and Enterprise /Yvonne Harris, Research & Evaluation Manager Design Council UK /Laura Lee, Professor of Architecture, Carnegie
Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise, IHE, a major industry-led ehealth systems interoperability initiative (www. ihe. net)( 43
http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/archives/e-business -watch/studies/special topics/2007/documents/Special-study 01 -2008 ict health standards. pdf. Accessed on:
46) Department of Enterprise, Trade and Innovation. IRELAND'S PRIORITIES FOR FP8-Preliminary Irish Paper on the Eighth European Framework Programme for Research and Technological
and industry of our citizens and our enterprises. We must ensure that these strengths are maintained in an
enterprises must be able to access the Internet via fixed and mobile networks. In addition, more powerful networks are
medium-sized enterprises (SMES) in particular to improve their capacity for innovation, both in relation to new goods
zz assisting small and medium-sized IT enterprises with their internationalisation efforts and facilitating their
innovative enterprises under a future-oriented innovation and growth policy, Germany now has the opportunity to
Internet enterprises based outside the EU (marketplace principle We want to adapt the legal framework for protecting intel
These are affecting small and medium-sized enterprises in particular We want to take advantage of the opportunities afforded
enterprises (SMES), in particular, often do not have the necessary resources. The complementary initiatives â€oeit security in business†(IT Sicherheit in der Wirtschaft) and
small enterprises in developing countries are just forms of survivorship, with limited chances to grow. †3
BPO is a diverse category that contains activities related to the management of enterprise resources (ERM
outsourcing enterprise There are other types of microwork initiatives as well, such as the m2work challenge (named after mobile
of enterprises in mobile content and applications and are part of a wider mobile innovation programme
opportunities, as well as business training for local micro enterprises Action Technique pour un Developpement Communautaire Action Technique pour un Developpement Communautaire (ATEDEC) is designed a project to
Coursera is a for-profit social enterprise that facilitates large-scale participation of students who sign up for free online courses with top universities around the world.
Enterprise resources management (ERM A business method that addresses an organization†s relationships with all of its
New kinds of hybrid enterprises are rapidly appearing. For example, Waterhealth International, a fast-growing for-profit, uses innovative water purification
Waste Concern, a hybrid profit/nonprofit enterprise started in Bangladesh 15 years ago, has built the capacity to
Social enterprises that create shared value can scale up far more rapidly than purely social programs, which often suffer from an inability to grow
other enterprises that can process the crops once they are harvested, and a local cluster that includes efficient logistical infrastructure, input availability, and the like.
small local enterprises, NGOS, governments, and companies. Such efforts will require a new assumption that shared value
and build productive enterprises Creating shared value represents a broader conception of Adam Smith†s invisible hand.
Business and government courses will examine the economic impact of societal factors on enterprises, moving beyond the
with innovation agencies and with other types of intermediary enterprises: social NGOS public-private partnerships, communities of practice and local grass-root initiatives.
organizations or social enterprises are getting stronger. They attract growing attention funding, and great expectations from citizens, from governments and from international
enterprises is called multi-stakeholder analysis It would be incorrect to see social innovation as a new or isolated concept or as a
DG Enterprise funds a social innovation platform (circa 5000 users) and organizes a competition in honour of social innovator Diogo Vasconcelos.
a related policy activity at the level of the enterprise (or firm) and market legislation:
typology of organisation engaged, 194 are social enterprises, charities or foundation, 183 are businesses, 160 are grassroots organisation or community networks,
relationship to social enterprises (e g. Murillo et al. 2013 It is beyond the scope of this book to argue for one particular interpretation among the many
the evolution of privacy regimes and how governments and enterprises can operate on a global scale to influence the privacy standards of network-centric systems and the related
Publics to Formal Social Enterprises?'.'Journal of Peer Production 1 (3 Dourish, P. & Bellotti, V. 1992)' Awareness and Coordination in Shared Workspaces
social enterprises. We†ve tried to explore who the people and organisations working on DSI are,
-search organisations, social enterprises charities and foundations and grassroots communities 2. The way these organisations are
Social Enterprise Charity or Foundation, Business, Grass roots Organization or Community Network, Academia and Research, Government and Public sector. 2 Project Type:
and micro enterprises 28 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe MAKERS MOVEMENT Maker Fairs are interesting expressions of this new form of networking events that emerged out of the big diffusion of the
SOCIAL ENTERPRISE CHARITY OR FOUNDATION BUSINESS GRASS ROOTS ORGANIZATION OR COMMUNITY NETWORK ACADEMIA AND RESEARCH GOVERNMENT AND
SME instrument in order to help small and medium-sized enterprises. DSI should also create new specific instruments for social entrepreneurship
supporting community enterprises, creative startups and charities. Another example is Spacehive, which focuses on public
http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/poli -cies/innovation/files/social-innovation /strengthening-social-innovation en. pdf
44 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise /policies/innovation/policy /social-innovation/competition /45 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki
/enterprise/policies/innovation /files/social-innovation /strengthening-social-innovation en. pdf 74 http://ec. europa. eu/environment
3. Social entrepreneurship, social enterprises, social economy: what is the difference 2. Upscale social innovation into public policies 17
"In the eighties and nineties, the innovation agenda was focused exclusively on enterprises There was a time in
Inclusion, with inputs by various other Directorates General (DG Enterprise and Industry; DG Research, Technology and Development;
Just like not all enterprises are social enterprises, not all innovations are social innovations. Compared to mainstream innovations
†social innovations†are driven critically by an extra motive: a social mission, and the value they
16http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/policy/social-innovation/social-inno-event en. htm 17http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/social business/index en. htm
enterprises are moving into this space. This does not mean they replace the state, they are
3. Social entrepreneurship, social enterprises, social economy: what is the difference Social innovations can come from both the public and the private sector.
social enterprises or the social economy, it is most helpful to think of them as overlapping but
social innovations is the social enterprise. Social enterprises are ventures in the business of creating
significant social value, and do so in an entrepreneurial, market-oriented way, that is, through generating own revenues to sustain themselves.
data on social enterprises in Hungary, Romania, Spain, Sweden, and the UK22 tell us that 75%of these
This suggests that social enterprises in particular, even though small in numbers (marginal or niche), nevertheless hold valuable insights
ï Social enterprises are driven not solely by the need to maximise profit for shareholders and
The Commission uses the term'social enterprise'to cover †an enterprise whose primary objective is to achieve social impact rather than generating profit for owners and shareholders
covers enterprises for which the social or societal objective of the common good is the reason for
The definition of social enterprise in national level varies across Europe. This is because social enterprises can take numerous forms,
are engaged in multiple spheres of activity and because legal structures vary from country to country.
recognised social enterprises focusing on work inclusion ï Finally, there are frequent confusions between the terms social enterprise and social economy
Social enterprises are part of the social economy, which also includes foundations, charities and cooperatives. Social enterprises are businesses trading for social purposes, within the (social
economy In a discussion on social innovation it is worth summing up by saying that not all social enterprises
are innovative, not all social enterprises are led by social entrepreneurs, and not all social entrepreneurs lead social enterprises.
No sector has a monopoly on new ideas and perhaps the most fruitful areas are where boundaries are crossed
22 http://www. selusi. eu; By social enterprises here, we mean ventures whose primary goal is to create significant social change, and who
do so in a market-oriented way, through generating own revenues, through selling services or products in the market
The debate on the definition of social enterprises is also ongoing, just like for social innovation, see also the chapter on Social
Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation in the OECD study"SMES, entrepreneurship and Innovation "http://www. oecd. org/cfe/smesentrepreneurshipandinnovation. htm
ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/social -innovation/strengthening-social-innovation en. pdf 18 This means that the assessment has to look at the track record and nature of the organisation that is
Joint European Resources for Micro to Medium Enterprises-promotes the use of financial instruments to improve access to finance for SMES
From 2008 the social enterprise I-Cane Social Technology BV continued the works of the I-Cane
between social enterprises and knowledge institutes can deliver world-class break out solutions 36 www. i-cane. org
Social enterprises can play a unique role in identifying unmet needs and in developing new types of
Social enterprises are positioned between the traditional private and public sectors. Although there is accepted no universally definition of a social enterprise,
their key distinguishing characteristics are their social and societal purpose combined with the entrepreneurial spirit of the private sector
Social enterprises devote their activities and reinvest their surpluses to achieve a wider social or
misnomer to refer to them as †not for profit†(as is customary in the United states) as any enterprise
Many social enterprises operate a relatively complex †hybrid†funding model. They do this by mixing
operation (e g. social enterprise shops, pubs, restaurants etc..Others use assets such as property to 41 Recent data tobe found on CIRIEC 2012
43 Definition from DG Enterprise and Industry: http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/promoting-entrepreneurship/social
-economy/social-enterprises/index en. htm 30 generate rental income that cross subsidises their other operations (e g. local development trusts
and incubators. Community transport social enterprises often use some commercially run bus contracts to cross subsidise services for the disabled.
There is no single financing model and this can cause difficulties when social enterprises approach banks and public funding agencies for support as
they are perceived as being either complex or inexplicable ERDF can support the development of social enterprise in a number of ways similar to the ways in
which it supports other types of businesses. These include finance for ï business advice and guidance (business planning, coaching and mentoring, support with
ï premises for start-up centres, incubators and single enterprise business premises ï innovation to develop new products, services or ways of working
ï helping to open up new markets for social enterprises by improving the commissioning and procurement process (e g. through the inclusion of social clauses in public works and services
Financial support can be delivered directly to individual companies, through social enterprise intermediaries, such as social enterprise or cooperative development agencies, and through financial
institutions. There are increasing numbers of financial institutions that specialise in investing in social enterprises and many of the new ethical banks specialise in this type of investment.
The UK€ s recently announced †Big Society Bank†will be capitalised from the interest on dormant bank accounts
and will invest only in social enterprises. 44 The European Social Fund can also support social enterprises.
Firstly, it can strengthen administrative capacities and support structures which promote social enterprises. This can be carried out in
particular through education and training, for example, by the integration of social enterpreneurship in the curricula of specific vocations,
business development services for social enterprises can be supported too. Secondly, the ESF can mobilise extra funds targeted at the development of the social economy and the promotion of social
entrepreneurship and easily accessible for social enterprises The social economy has different traditions in different parts and Member States of Europe.
Market access for social enterprise is restricted still. Sometimes they are unable to compete for the
framework has opened a space for social enterprises to work directly with the private sector in
social enterprise Fusion 21 in the UK46 places apprentices and other workers from Merseyside†s
There are also social enterprises and cooperatives whose aim it is to save energy and reach a more
/Supporting social enterprise at regional level: Yorkshire Key Fund and Social Enterprise Support Centre Pilot stage
The Yorkshire Key Fund started out under the ERDF's South yorkshire Objective 1 programme in the
It used the ERDF to finance social enterprises and entrepreneurs Now, a decade later, the Key Fund covers all of Yorkshire and has also become the fund manager for
The Start and Grow Fund backs small start-up social enterprise projects with loans of up to â 25,000
The Grow and Prosper Fund backs new and existing social enterprises with loans of between â 5000
For established social enterprises the loan size may go up to â 150,000. It can also take
Social enterprises in Yorkshire also benefit from the Social Enterprise Support Centre (SESC) which provides nonfinancial support in business planning and strategic development;
SESC helps social enterprises to become financially sustainable, deliver quality services and, where appropriate, supports them to gain
ï 133 enterprises were mobilised through these works of which 39 are in public works and 66
employment social enterprise The Nantes example illustrates how public works contracts can deliver a double benefit:
meet interpretation demands, STEP started a social enterprise and now offers 250 part-time interpreters across a wide range of languages.
social enterprise â€oeatelier des Gens de Mer†to facilitate the return of injured and disabled
organise the needs that the enterprise could satisfy. The Axis 4 of the European Fisheries Fund
They form the bottom of the enterprise pyramid and are the seeds from which most SMES and even large companies grow.
have set up micro enterprises and built up a successful credit record. Women make up 75%of the
Fejã r enterprise agency: Innovating in microfinance by developing electronic credit assessment Implementation stage Fejã r Enterprise Agency (FEA) 50 started its microfinance activities in 1992 with project funding from
the EU Phare enterprise development programme. It is based in Szã kesfehã rvã¡r, about 60 km to the
west of Budapest, and takes its name from the Fejã r County in the Transdanubian region
region to start-ups and existing micro and small enterprises so as to improve their financial and social standing and living standards.
micro-enterprises, and to families to fulfil education and housing needs. With training support through the ERDF€ s JASMINE and investment from the European Investment Fund, its scale and
micro-enterprises. http://permicro. it /38 6. Health and ageing Health is a major sector of the economy in its own right and one of the fastest growing sectors.
stakeholders, bringing together public services and private enterprises The Living Lab on Wellbeing Services and Technology,
o an incubator for social enterprises and social innovation, owned by the City of Milan
ï Antropia (http://antropia. essec. fr/)is an incubator for social enterprises run by the Institute
the enterprises created through Alter'Incub will receive both physical space to operate and tailor-made business
Denokinn72 brings together social enterprises, public authorities and the private sector to scale up successful innovations after they have been piloted.
enterprises by those excluded from the labour market The Hiriko car was launched by President Barroso on 27th january 201274.
enterprises in the region Innobasque works at the policy level on many aspects of technological innovation but also brings in
exploring strategies to support the creation of new social firms (work integration social enterprises It is distinct from SPRI, the Regional Development Agency,
enterprises, etc. -on how this framework can be used for implementing social innovation in favour of
The ERDF also specifically includes social enterprises under the investment priority for social inlcusion and combatting poverty.
and one for social enterprises Article 5 of the ERDF Regulation sets out the investment priorities under each thematic objective for
the ERDF to support social enterprises (9 (c But there are more possiblities to include social innovation in ERDF investments under other
SME support measures could also apply to social enterprises: thematic objective (3) on enhancing the
Apart from support to social enterprises, thematic objective (9) on promoting social inclusion and combating poverty also mentions
What will social enterprise look like in Europe by 2020?..54 The way forward...55 Improve governance in relation to social innovation...
3. 1. 5. 4. European Statute for other forms of social enterprises such as nonprofit enterprises...
102 3. 1. 5. 5. Reform of public procurement: enhancement of quality in the award process...
the use of capital accumulated in social enterprises and in particular asset locks...109 7t A b L E O F C O N t E N t S
3. 3. 1. 1. Mapping of the social enterprises sector, business models economic weight, tax regimes, identification of best practices...
3. 3. 1. 2. Database of labels and certifications of social enterprises...110 3. 3. 1. 3. Social innovation prizes...
-ment and Social affairs, Enterprise, Regional Policy, Agriculture, and Research and Inno -vation) have increased substantially their contributions
How business, government and social enterprises are teaming up to solve society†s toughest problems, William D. Eggers and Paul Macmillan (Harvard Business review press, 2013
-derstandings in Europe of what constitutes a social enterprise or business. As acknowl -edged in an OECD report on social entrepreneurship25 †e ven if social entrepreneurship
terms such as social economy, third sector, nonprofit sector, social enterprise and social entrepreneur, some of which are also ill-defined and overlapping.
responsible for the Single Market (M. Barnier), Employment and Social affairs (L. Andor) and Enterprise (A Tajani
and actions aimed at promoting social enterprises and supporting the development of a conducive ecosystem where it exists as well as the current state and dynamics of social
the concept of social enterprise; public support schemes; whether marks and labelling schemes are in use, the social investment markets.
-velop and scale up social enterprises 1. 3. 3. Examples of ecosystems for social innovation As mentioned above, the growing importance of social enterprises in the EU social inno
-vation policy framework emphasises the importance of developing an enabling environ -ment made of specific instruments,
since developments in research and innovation policy, enterprise and industry in particular 40 This is the terminology used by EU institutions (Commission, Parliament, Economic and Social Committee) to
Both micro-level measurement (how successfully a social enterprise is contributing to this goal) and macro-level measurement (social enterprises grow in an ecosystem com
-posed of a favourable governance framework, capacity-building tools and learning pro -cesses) have become necessary
benefits generated by social enterprises in the implementation of the Eusef57 and the programme for Employment and Social Innovation (Easi.
of the Commission†s consultative multi-stakeholder group on social enterprise (GECES 55 As illustrated in part 2 of this document
investments and guarantees to social enterprises which can demonstrate that they have a †measurable social impactâ€
was tasked with providing the Commission with guidelines on how social enterprise can measure their social impact on the community
In order to meet the needs of social enterprises, funders and policymakers to achieve comparability in reporting and monitoring, to limit the costs of the assessment to the
social enterprises as well as the need to cope with change and improvement, the GECES advocates a process for social impact measurement
range of indicators should be agreed between the social enterprise, beneficiaries or service users as well as investors,
y guidance to assist social enterprises, funders, fund managers and investors in all EU Member States in complying with the standards proposed
64 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/policy/innovation-scoreboard/index en. htm 65 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/epsis-2013 en. pdf
66 http://ec. europa. eu/research/innovation-union/pdf/psi eg. pdf 33p A r T I †S O C i a L I N N O V A t I O N, A n E w P A t H
one hand, a factual Europe-wide study on A Map of Social Enterprises and their Eco-sys
Identification of social enterprises †to develop an operational definition that can be used to identify, measure
and map social enterprise across Europe and thus pro -vide the basis for carrying out the remaining research tasks
Measurement, characterisation and mapping of social enterprise †to collect through primary and secondary research) and analyse data on the scale, characteristics
and patterns of development of social enterprise in each country studied Task 3: Legal and standards mapping †to map (a) legal †labels†and frameworks de
-signed exclusively for social enterprises where these exist;(b) corporate law aspects of the three legal forms most commonly used by social enterprises in each country stud
-ied;( (c) legal and regulatory barriers to creation and growth of social enterprise; and (d
marks, labels and certification systems designed for social enterprises Task 4: Mapping of public policies and social investment markets †to provide an
overview of national policies, schemes and actions aimed at promoting social entrepre -neurs and social enterprises and supporting the development of a conducive ecosystem
where these exist; and, the current state and dynamics of social investment markets in Europe;
future research and policy action to support the growth of social enterprise in Europe This is the very first time that researchers have carried out such a systematic and broad
development of social enterprises 72 http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/social business/docs/expert-group/20131128-sbi-sector-mapping-study
enterprises as it does for other types of businesses. Financial support can be delivered directly to individual companies, through social enterprise intermediaries, such as so
-cial enterprise or cooperative development agencies, and through financial institutions There are increasing numbers of financial institutions that specialise in investing in so
-cial enterprises and many of the new ethical banks specialise in this type of investment The European Social Fund (ESF) also supports social enterprises.
Firstly, it can strengthen administrative capacities and support structures which promote social enterprises. This can be carried out in particular through education and training, for example, through
the integration of social entrepreneurship in the curricula of specific vocations, or the provision of training improving the business skills of social entrepreneurs.
Networking and the development of partnerships, as well as the setting up of business development services for social enterprises can be supported too.
Secondly, the ESF can mobilise extra funds targeted at the development of the social economy and the promotion of social
entrepreneurship and easily accessible for social enterprises The social economy has different traditions in different parts and Member States of
Market access for social enterprises is restricted still (even if the provisions of the new directives on public procurement76 adopted by the European parliament and the Coun
compete for public tenders against other small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES because of interpretations of national rules.
framework has opened a space for social enterprises to work directly with the private sector in helping disadvantaged people into employment.
•133 enterprises were mobilised through these works •75%of beneficiaries were accompanied by a local insertion company (a type of training and employment social
enterprise 40 S O C i a L I N N O V A t I O N †A d E C a D E O F
Denokinn brings together social enterprises, public authorities and the private sector to scale up successful innovations after they have been piloted.
which the cars could be put together in work inclusion social enterprises by those excluded from the labour market
From 2008 the social enterprise I-Cane Social Technology BV continued the work of the I-Cane foundation.
enterprises and knowledge institutes can deliver world-class break out solutions Public sector innovation †immigration policy in Portugal
-tion include wood recycling social enterprises, organic gardening cooperatives, low-im -pact housing developments, farmers†markets, car-sharing schemes, renewable energy
representatives from three ministries as well as chief executives from leading enterprises in the region Innobasque works at the policy level on many aspects of technological innovation but also brings in the general public
integration social enterprises Examples of the achievements of this public-private partnership include •Lifelong learning via a participatory process with citizens
together to affirm that social enterprises must play a bigger role in the future of Europe and to identify new ways of boosting the sector.
†A call to action to realise the potential of social enterprise Governments and public bodies have started to recognise the power of social entrepreneurship.
and regions to encourage the growth of social enterprises. At EU level, the SBI has
made a positive start in promoting ecosystems for social enterprises but we must not lose momentum.
3. There must be a stronger engagement at EU, national, regional and local levels with the social enterprise
community in the co-creation of new policies to support social enterprise, suited to the local context
4. The Commission must ensure that its commitment to create an ecosystem for social enterprise is mainstreamed
5. In partnership with the social enterprise sector, Member States, regional and local authorities must fully support
the growth of social enterprises and help them build capacity. For example through legal frameworks, access to
6. The European institutions and Member States should reinforce the role of social enterprises in structural reforms
7. The Commission, the Member States and regions must boost cooperation between social enterprises across
between themselves and enhance their capacity to support social enterprise growth 8. Public and private players must develop a full range of suitable financial instruments and intermediaries that
support social enterprises throughout their lifecycle 9. Social enterprise still needs further research and national statistical collection for a better understanding
recognition and visibility of the sector, both among policymakers and the general public 10. In this new Europe, all players need to look at growth and value creation from a wider perspective,
Social Enterprise Project. Pursuing its interest, it has launched Make it happen, a new project designed to keep the Strasbourg Declaration alive by promoting policy directions
involve strengthened cooperation with social enterprise supporters, the participation of the project group members in European events,
various social economy stakeholders and supporters of social enterprise To further unlock the potential of this sector,
environment for social enterprises and for their better integration into all EU policies. It believes that partnerships with regional and local authorities, as well as social entrepre
The main actions points guiding the Social Enterprise Project are therefore as follows 1. Co-creation of new policies to support social enterprise
2. Partnership to support social enterprises 3. Development of a second phase of the SBI
Following an ongoing local strategy, the Social Enterprise Project is also taking part in lo
-cal events spread around Europe to conduct fact-findings missions, collect best practices and investigate policy ideas and recommendations for the EU institutions
measure the impact of social enterprises on the creation of socioeconomic benefits and their benefit for the community;
enterprises (mapping) and the idea that innovations have †social†roots is progressing among mainstream innovation corporations and public and private stakeholders.
What will social enterprise look like in Europe by 2020 The second of the aforementioned studies is The british Council†s †think pieceâ€, 93 commis
for discussing what will shape social innovation and the growth of social enterprises in the near future
How will social enterprise respond to economic conditions, social and environmental challenges, government policies, technology and investment over the next years?
enterprises are on the rise throughout the EU, with governments and investors increas -ingly recognising the sector as a valid alternative to both private and public sector busi
By 2020, associations and charities will be part of the †social enterprise spectrumâ€, gen -erating most of their income through trading activities.
Enterprises from the private sec -tor will have to demonstrate their credentials, and could be better at this than traditional
social enterprises. Public, private and social economy organisations will be encouraged by investors, funders, and governments to produce social value results in the long
Mark Richardson, Richard Catherall †What will social enterprise look like in Europe by 2020? †British
-dated since more and more enterprises will try to maximise their social impact while delivering a financial return.
investments and growing involvement of social enterprises on financial services delivery But the context will also be constraining:
innovative social enterprises will have to make an international impact thanks to social franchising Complex networks:
social enterprises will be concerned more with the importance of their impact (through changing government practices and business, through developing
-cro-social enterprises. Social entrepreneurs will be connected with micro-social struc -tures and work with public, charitable, academic and profit-oriented sectors.
Indeed, effective social enterprises will be consid -ered as models and will spread more rapidly than classical mechanisms (e g.,
enterprises and social innovation initiatives. Moreover, youth creativity is seen now as a crucial source of competitiveness in the fastest growing innovative sector of the global
social enterprises and business start-ups The Single Market Act I, adopted in April 2011, defined twelve projects to facilitate the
Social enterprises seek to serve the community†s interest (social societal, environmental objectives) rather than profit maximisation (see box.
of social enterprises, database of labels support for local and national authorities to build integrated strategies for social
enterprises, information and exchange platform y Create a simplified regulatory environment (including a proposal for a European
to measure the socioeconomic benefits created by social enterprises 118 Communication Social Business Initiative-COM (2011) 682,25. 10.2011
Definition of social enterprise in the SBI •The Commission uses the term †social enterprise†to
Enterprises must also play their part in improving energy efficiency with an energy audit every four years (energy audits are not compulsory for SMES
-opment of social enterprises by develop -ing new business models and innovative solutions to address societal challenges
enterprises ERDF support can be carried out in a num -ber of ways that are similar to those used
incubators and single enterprise business premises The bulk of ERDF finance is allocated either at national or regional level.
enterprises and NGOS. Social enterprises and NGOS, generally strongly embedded in the local territories, offer specific services to local communities.
Other actors, such as the work integration social enterprises (WISE), have a double function of providing social
services to the community and of integrating low-skilled workers into the labour market Building partnerships, especially at local level, with these actors enhances the coherence
COSME136 is the EU programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMES) running from 2014 to 2020.
COSME will support SMES in the following areas y improving access to finance for SMES through funding guarantees and counter-guar
via the Enterprise Europe Network137 (600 partner organisations in 54 countries y improving framework conditions for the companies, e g. by reducing administrative
135 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/initiatives/cosme/index en. htm 136 More information on http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/initiatives/cosme/index en. htm
137 http://een. ec. europa. eu /86 S O C i a L I N N O V A t I O N †A d E C a D E O F
represents the views of stakeholders from the social enterprise sector. At the time of writing, it had been signed by more than 800 people. 144
148 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/policy/public-sector-innovation/index en. htm#h2-1. http
//ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/policy/public-sector-innovation/index en. htm 94 S O C i a L I N N O V A t I O N †A d E C a D E O F
The Enterprise Policy Group bringing together decision-makers from Member States and the European commission on SME policy, industrial policy or competitiveness and
the ground for social enterprises. The aim is twofold: to offer legal forms that can cater
for the specific needs of social enterprises and improve the way public authorities take into account the needs of social enterprises, namely through public procurement and
state aid regulations 3. 1. 5. 1. Simplification of the European Cooperative Regulation The Commission†s policy concerning cooperatives is to guarantee that enterprises of this
type, independently of their size, can continue to operate in the market by preserving their social role, particular style of functioning and ethics.
discusses the themes of enterprise education, access to finance and business devel -opment support. Furthermore, in cooperation with the Commission, it will produce a
better use of the Enterprise Europe Network; and sharing the best practices of success -ful cooperatives already operating in the Member States
-163 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/craft/social economy/doc/coop-communication-en en. pdf
164 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/itemdetail. cfm? item id=5876 to celebrate the UN 2012
165 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/sce final study part i. pdf 166 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/itemdetail. cfm?
item id=487 167 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/public-consultation/past-consultations/index en. htm
168 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/smes/1 en act part1 v7 en. pdf and http://ec. europa. eu
/enterprise/newsroom/cf/itemdetail. cfm? item id=3318 169 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/public-consultation-files/summary replies en. pdf
http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/itemdetail. cfm? item id=5876 170 http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/company/societas-europeae
/102 S O C i a L I N N O V A t I O N †A d E C a D E O F
C H A n G E s search, social and health services, culture or the environment. However, they often find
3. 1. 5. 4. European Statute for other forms of social enterprises such as nonprofit enterprises
Various stakeholders†organisations have requested the adoption of a new proposal for a European Association, following the withdrawal of a similar proposal in 2006.
access to finance for social enterprises through quasi-bond instruments from 2014-20 For the same period, the Structural Funds have been reformed to enable Member States
to earmark Structural Funds to finance social enterprises 3. 2. 2. Access to venture capital †The European Venture capital
social enterprises, extend the support given to microcredit providers under the current European Progress Microfinance Facility and provide funding for the capacity-building
finance gap for projects such as social enterprises, which otherwise would not find ad -equate sources of finance.
enterprises The SIA operates as a fund of funds managed by European Investment Bank with fund
funds which strategically target social enterprises across Europe. Beyond simple finan -cial return targets, these social impact funds seek to trigger positive societal change
are potentially available as a potential source of funding for social enterprises 3. 2. 8. Best practice sharing between Member States regarding
the use of capital accumulated in social enterprises and in particular asset locks The Commission was planning to finance a study on the question of asset locks in order
or appropriate to impose it on social enterprises The locking of assets is a provision that exists in the legislation of some Member States
which prevents the members of a social enterprise, whatever its business form, from distributing reserves and surpluses amongst themselves at the time of winding up and
the objectives of the enterprise. However, this rule is related to issues of ownership rights that exist in a number of Member States with respect to the assets of the legal
i e. the conversion of a social enterprise into a company limited by shares, matched with the distribution to members of reserves accumulated
180 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/mutuals/prospects mutuals fin en. pdf; Public Consultation on Mutual Societies;
The synthesis report of the replies was published at http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme
3. 3. 1. 1. Mapping of the social enterprises sector, business models, economic weight, tax regimes, identification of best practices
y to identify social enterprises y to specify the characteristics, business models and economic weight of social enter
developing and expanding social enterprises y to map the legal frameworks and labels, and identify legal/regulatory barriers
-velopment and growth of social enterprises; and y to identify issues in the emerging ecosystems for social enterprises that are of rele
-vance across the EU and suitable and feasible actions to be carried out at EU level to
3. 3. 1. 2. Database of labels and certifications of social enterprises Key Action 6 of the SBI has to be implemented by the European commission after the
labelling could be one efficient way to †recognise†social enterprises throughout change without a uniform legal form.
183 More information on http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/policy/social-innovation/competition
188 See the report on funding opportunities for social innovation (http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation
/files/funding-social-innovation en. pdf), the report on social innovation metrics (http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise
innovation (http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/social-innovation/systemic-innovation -report en. pdf
learning resources amongst enterprises and other stakeholders. It is also a practical source of information about why and how to implement workplace innovation in an
relevant business sectors, for enterprises, their workers and other stakeholders to make public commitments on the CSR issues relevant to each sector and jointly monitor pro
The platform will provide an opportunity for enterprises and other stakeholders to identi -fy and discuss constructively the current
192 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/policy/design-creativity/index en. htm Innovation Matters to people facing crisis †the EU€ s support to emergency
SEFORIS-Social Enterprise as Force for more Inclusive and Innovative Societies. The project seeks to understand
the potential of social enterprise in the EU and beyond to improve the social inclusiveness of society through greater
of key processes within social enterprises for delivering inclusion and innovation, including organisation and governance
political, cultural and economic environments and institutions directly and indirectly supporting social enterprises Third Sector Impact-The Contribution of the Third Sector to Europe†s Socioeconomic Development.
What will social enterprise look like in Europe by 2020 The way forward Improve governance in relation to social innovation
Mapping of the social enterprises sector, business models, economic weight, tax regimes, identification of best practices
3. 3. 1. 2. Database of labels and certifications of social enterprises 3. 3. 1. 3. Social innovation prizes
Best practice sharing between Member States regarding the use of capital accumulated in social enterprises and in particular asset locks
European Statute for other forms of social enterprises such as nonprofit enterprises 3. 1. 5. 5. ï¿
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011