Our stakeholders include public authorities, universities, research centres, industry civil society and other organisations. Only with their engagement and mobilisation
supported by the ehealth Governance Initiative, a group of ehealth stakeholders 7 which develops strategies, priorities,
In terms of economic growth, this means also high potential for the expansion of current markets and the creation of new ones
Europe†s economy †the overall market for purchases of goods, services and works by the EU public sector
policies, as well as with the opinions of relevant stakeholders. The platform is customised for Greece, Hungary, Italy and Spain, where the users can refer to their national language
politics, society, economy and debate them with politicians and peers across Europe The results of the trials will be communicated to the relevant public administration
Indeed, our economy and society are now highly dependent on Information and Communication Technology (ICT. We have grown accustomed
and economic activity in the Internet, and is the basis of economic transactions social connections, and communication between people and organisations.
allow stakeholders to better understand privacy-preserving ABC technologies, and compare the relative merits of different technologies in different scenarios
economy The Future Internet will provide an environment in which a diverse range of services
How to foster economic growth while respecting the environment and coping with a growing shortage in resources?
decarbonisation of the economy and promoting their interoperability •an agreement between Member States on common functionalities for smart
throughout the developed economies of the world. Although this concern was focused on negative environmental externalities of the transport sector in the early 1990s, the term has a
and vehicle models differ in their fuel economy, but in general the greater the vehicle miles driven by a countries motor vehicle fleet, the greater the
The positive participation of all stakeholders is essential and the introduction of financial incentives may be required to ensure such participation.
•As part of the move towards a smart economy, the government directs Enterprise Ireland to establish a healthcare technology cluster.
will establish valuable assets for the new smart economy ICT€ s Role in Healthcare Transformation
The economic downturn has exacerbated the existing financial crisis across the HSE. We have evolved as one of the most expensive health service in the
requirements of all the stakeholders-patients, professionals and taxpayers The urgent need to address the ICT deficit and the potential benefits of new applications
education and improvement, engaging all stakeholders in the planning and delivery of healthcare services, and providing easier, faster and more equitable access to safe
stakeholders in the healthcare environment, patients, professionals and funders. Several of these are outlined in the sections that follow.
organisations, allowing stakeholders in the patient†s health to access this information remotely. Access to this information allows for continuity of care between different care
are the indirect benefits to The irish economy through the positioning of healthcare ICT as key component of the development of the †smart†economy
6. 1 Direct Benefits ††The Patient and the Individual†The purpose of this section is to position Information technology in the context of the
6. 2. 2 Indirect Benefit to the Economy In addition to the benefits which will accrue to the indigenous health service, indirect
benefits can be generated for the economy as a whole. Healthcare is increasingly becoming an internationally traded service, where countries may be either net providers
further inward investment and support the development of the smart economy Achieve a leadership position in Healthcare ICT:
for a new growth engine within the smart economy In order to prepare for this journey we make the following nine recommendations
•As part of the move towards a smart economy, the government directs Enterprise Ireland to establish a healthcare technology cluster.
will establish valuable assets for the new smart economy ICT€ s Role in Healthcare Transformation
The Economics of IT and Hospital Performance, 2007, Pricewaterhousecoopers ICT€ s Role in Healthcare Transformation
continues to evolve in line with a rapidly changing global economy This paper will offer a comprehensive assessment of Italy†s external competitiveness
perhaps be augmented in the context of an increasingly integrated global economy. The following sections will then focus on the evolution of Italy†s export share;
Over the past two decades, discussion of the Italian economy has centered increasingly on the key themes of weak growth and competitiveness.
has produced a stagnant economy and a labor market in which average earnings are largely decoupled from productivity and demand conditions.
economy as a whole may have faced difficulty integrating and exploiting new technologies to boost performance†reflecting perhaps a broad range of structural and administrative
The Conference Board, Total Economy Database 6 0 %20 %40 %60 %80 %100 %1995 2007 2011
Using a total-economy ULC-based measure, Italy†s competitiveness appears to have deteriorated by up to 5 percent
technologically competitive economy. As a sign of deteriorating competitiveness, therefore such cost-based measures may tend to overstate the problem.
that reflects the role of outsourcing in offsetting the impact of domestic factor-price inflation
low-cost imports from low inflation countries Interestingly, Germany presents the opposite picture. The sharp increase in competitiveness
countries with relatively high inflation Looking at a wide range of indicators therefore, the competitiveness challenge in
In a stable world economy, changes in competitiveness might indeed be captured by changes in relative prices.
In an evolving global economy, however, a country†s competitiveness may also reflect the ability of its exporting firms to adapt successfully to a
impediments that have helped stifle growth in the broader Italian economy; and which are now weighing even on this once-dynamic sector.
detail, a comprehensive treatment of Italy†s main economy-wide bottlenecks is provided in the most recent
. and P. Howitt, 2009, â€oethe Economics of Growth, †(MIT Press Bank of Italy, 2009, â€oereports on Trends in the Italian Productive System, †Occasional Paper
French Exports in the Turmoil, †Journal of International Economics Elsevier, Vol. 87 (1), pp. 134†46
Ministry of the Economy and of Finance Crafts, N, . and M. Magnani, 2011, â€oethe Golden age and the Second Globalization of Italy, â€
Globalised Economy, †Occasional Paper Series, No 94,(European central bank 22 Eichengreen, B.,2011, â€oethe Big Cannoli, †Euro Intelligence, October 17, 2011
Centre for Economic policy Research Pavitt, K.,1984, â€oesectoral Patterns of Technical Change: Towards a Taxonomy and a
The World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) was established by the United nations University (UNU) as its first research and
affecting the developing and transitional economies, provides a forum for the advocacy of policies leading to robust, equitable and environmentally
UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, 00160 Helsinki, Finland
of modern economies due to their multifaceted contributions in terms of technological innovations, employment generation, export promotion, etc.
industries and ultimately, economies. Therefore, technological innovation has the potential to spur growth of individual enterprises at the micro level and aggregate
industries and economies at the macro level Given the above, this paper attempts to understand issues such as what factors drive
economy to economy and from time to time Lehtimaki (1991) attributed the emergence of new ideas for product innovations in SMES
The Economics of Industrial Innovation, Third Edition London: Pinter Harrison, N. J, . and T. Watson (1998).
Small Business Economics, 9: 523†37 UNDP (2001. Human Development Report 2001. New york: Oxford university Press
such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy
Table 3. 2. Attitudes about payoffs according to main stakeholders...90 Table 3. 3. Attitudes about HIE in the United states according
to main stakeholders...93 Table 4. 1. Measures to address lack of interoperability by country...
stakeholders, investments which are cost-effective from the point of view of the system as a whole are not automatically going to be
stakeholders to achieve their goals. Successful adoption and use generally depended on the simultaneous implementation of new service delivery
and the collaboration of the relevant stakeholders to establish standards and develop innovative solutions •Strengthen monitoring and evaluation:
adoption of ICTS by the many diverse stakeholders. Health ICT adoption was coupled also tightly with a reassessment of the clinical care model as
Pricewaterhouse Coopers (2007), The Economics of IT and Hospital Performance Renders, C. M.,G. D. Valk et al.
new technologies are shared not equitably among stakeholders investments which are cost-effective from the point of view of the
into account views from all stakeholders, may be very important as the choice of the standard could virtually eliminate, not merely disadvantage
development with multi-stakeholder input and broad industry recognition availability for use by all interested stakeholders (users, vendors;
and the high level of access to its specifications for ready promulgation in a variety of hardware
cost-benefit structure of the economic activities of the target. The greatest advantage of economic instruments is that they allow
used and health information exchange benefits the various stakeholders they will be placed better to see how fiscal and financial responsibilities
feasibility and achieving successful adoption with the economics of the approach often playing a secondary role.
economics and the value to society which will determine whether a system can survive or not
stakeholder will determine their sustainability in the long term. This requires therefore, an assessment of the viewpoints and respective roles of the main
stakeholders but also clarifying whether there is a social case, that is, whether the activities or interventions enabled by ICTS provide a â€oebenefit to the
Table 3. 2 lists the viewpoints of main stakeholders on payoffs from ICTS in four of the case studies which are representative of the
Table 3. 2. Attitudes about payoffs according to main stakeholders Payoffs according to each stakeholder Funding source
Business model Case study Users Individual patients Society Payer E-Messaging Western Australia Neutral /Favourable physicians
health care in Spain clearly makes government a critical stakeholder in electronic health information and a benefactor to its potential positive
volumes of participation and partnering with other community stakeholders such as community groups, public health agencies, and others) to improve
A Health Information Exchange (HIE) is a multi-stakeholder organisation that enables or oversees the business and legal issues involved
All stakeholder groups share the challenges and benefits of an HIE network model (see Table 3. 3 below
stakeholders, including physicians, health care institutions and community leaders, and 3) participation in other relevant activities, such as clinical data
Table 3. 3. Attitudes about HIE in the United states according to main stakeholders Stakeholder Major value Attitudes about HIE Major constraints
Patients High-quality affordable health care Favourable Privacy confidentiality and security concerns Federal government Control costs Improve quality
Very favourable Other stakeholder co-operation Source: Adapted from Deloitte Center for Health Solutions (2006
stakeholders www. providersedge. com/ehdocs/ehr articles/States role in health inf o exchanges. pdf E-Health Initiative (ehi)( 2009), Migrating Toward Meaningful Use:
Pricewaterhouse Coopers (2007), The Economics of IT and Hospital Performance Stroetmann, K. A t. Jones, A. Dobrev and V. N. Stroetmann (2006
300 stakeholders across Canada, the Blueprint is a framework that defines standards (e g. the requirements and enabling solutions for privacy and
•Working with stakeholders to update the Vendor Conformance and Usability Requirements (VCUR) for physician's offices.
regularly to ensure they continue to reflect the needs of all stakeholders •Collaborating with Alberta Health Services and Alberta Health and Wellness to
difficult because stakeholders may have differing views of what can be shared and with whom. The implementation of security requirements is
created a value proposition for all key stakeholders. These include •For patients †Enhanced health outcomes and quality of life through early
The health ICT effort was based on extensive stakeholder consultations and took account of the varying needs and objectives of the three communities.
major health care stakeholders for the purpose of establishing an EHR system through community-based implementation that would enhance
Garnering stakeholder buy in Although the technology to build and operate a telehealth programme for stroke patients
stakeholders from the various hospitals and health authorities had to be convinced of the potential benefits of the programme.
heavy toll on the local economy Fortunately, of the stroke cases, approximately 86%are ischemic strokes and readily amenable to clot busting drugs like tpa.
Close co-operation between all stakeholders Apoteket†s implementation strategy emphasized the partnering with local health regions
and other local stakeholders. To achieve this, Apoteket formed implementation teams in each county across the country.
start to finish local implementation approach created the necessary stakeholder relationships bonds, and buy in that are essential to any technology project.
stakeholders, beneficial for the entrepreneurial development of the new technology Furthermore, in support of better aligning laws and regulations to
relevant health care and IT sector stakeholders and also serves as an 152 †ANNEX A. COUNTRY CASE STUDIES
growth of the economy than stimulation of the production of innovations. This covers e g procurement initiatives to bring innovation
policy makers and other stakeholders since it highlights the different innovation support needs of SMES in a clearer way than when
Opportunities and challenges in the global economy...2 Australia has succeeded by playing to our strengths and through economic reform...
Australia has experienced 23 years of economic growth. Over the last three decades the value of our exports has risen fourfold
Exports now represent one dollar in every five of national income However, our success should not be an excuse for complacency
Commodity prices have fallen from their peak in 2011; the deterioration of Government finances since 2008 has made
Strategy to build a strong, prosperous economy and a safe, secure Australia We†ve already scrapped the carbon tax
This Agenda is an integral step along the path of economic growth and prosperity. I welcome
the stronger economy that we all want The Hon Tony Abbott MP Prime minister of Australia
Opportunities and challenges for the Australian economy The increasing economic strength of Asia and growing integration of the global economy present
great opportunities for Australia. Asia is driving huge demand for a diverse range of goods and
of Asian economies are climbing up the value chain, shifting from largely low skilled industries
are aggressively reforming their economies. They are reducing barriers to trade in goods and services, reining in inefficient public spending, reducing taxes, deregulating and improving
future as a high wage economy with a strong social welfare safety net in the face of this vastly
and lower economic growth. If left unaddressed, our declining competitiveness will represent the start of an unacceptable slide into mediocrity.
and equipping our economy for the challenges ahead, to prevent Australia†s economy from drifting
The Government†s vision is of a nimble economy, capitalising on Australia†s strengths. It includes
businesses and workers equipped with the skills and incentives to adapt to changing economic conditions and able to seize new opportunities
These types of businesses benefit the broader economy by testing new ideas, developing new products and implementing new business models.
More generally, in an increasingly globalised economy, it will be critical that all businesses have the people
world†s major economies have committed to undertake ambitious reforms with the goal of lifting collective G20 GDP by more than 2 per cent above the current trajectory over five
economy to greater domestic and international competition business environment TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia
•improving access to international markets and opening up the economy to greater domestic and international competition
Regulation is necessary for a well-functioning economy and society, but too often the first
which society and the economy depend, but this comes at a cost to individuals, businesses and
the economy. The Government will work to reduce taxes, simplify the tax system and increase certainty
The Government will further open our economy to domestic and international competition and investment to improve access to high-quality, low-cost goods and services.
Highly skilled migrants contribute to a strong and vibrant economy, bringing know-how innovation and entrepreneurship and also helping to plug short-term skills gaps.
Australia has enjoyed 23 years of uninterrupted economic growth, in large part due to the economic reforms of past decades and the massive boost to our incomes from the resources boom.
Declines in the prices of our exports have wiped around $40 billion from national income per year since the commodity price peak in 2011,
and further reductions are expected ABS, 2014b. Australia†s public finances have deteriorated markedly since the global financial crisis
changes taking place in the international economy also present further challenges to our living standards.
Opportunities and challenges in the global economy The economic strength of Asia is changing the world.
Economies like China, India, Indonesia Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines have grown dramatically over the past 30 years and
China will be the largest economy in the world and the GDP of emerging Asia1 will be around
economies combined (Au-Yeung et al, 2013. Emerging Asia represented around 9 per cent of the global economy in 1985.
By 2025 it will be around 40 per cent Au-Yeung et al, 2013 1 Emerging Asia includes:
Meanwhile, many Asian economies are becoming major new suppliers of these same goods and services, bringing serious competition to the global stage
) As Asian economies invest in education, skill up (Chart 3 and move up the value chain,
backdrop of a global economy that is becoming increasingly integrated Advances in technology have made communication and transportation faster
The global economy is also becoming more integrated as governments negotiate free trade agreements and unilaterally reduce trade and investment barriers.
OECD economies have halved in the past 30 years, falling from around 4 per cent in 1988
This will require a flexible economy that can absorb declines in some sectors and quickly expand into others as opportunities emerge
During Australia†s 23 years of uninterrupted economic growth, we have seldom been outside the top dozen countries globally in per capita GDP (The Conference Board, 2014.
five of national income (Chart 4). Foreign investment in Australia has increased fivefold over the past 25 years,
Australia†s economy. Many of the massive scale projects that have underpinned the resources investment boom, like the
economy, they have brought also new technology and human know-how; better cheaper and more varied goods and
Economist Intelligence Unit, 2014. We speak the language of business †English †but our citizens
to reform our economy. In the early 1970s the Australian economy was volatile, insular and inflexible.
Today, thanks to the hard won reforms of the decades that followed Australia†s economy is more stable, open
and flexible. Australia floated the dollar introduced independent monetary policy deregulated the financial and wage-setting
to 2012-13, non-rural commodity prices rose around 120 per cent, resources investment surged from $18 billion to $113 billion
economy, particularly in trade-exposed sectors, through its effects on domestic costs and the exchange rate.
Terms of trade booms and inflation Data Sources: ABS, 2014c; RBA, 2014b; RBA, 2014c TPO00007
18 per cent of total economic activity (Rayner & Bishop, 2013. This expansion could not have
Economic reforms of the past allowed the economy to smoothly absorb the resources boom. The
monetary policy stopped the economy from overheating. This contrasts sharply with the last terms of trade boom in the 1970s.
was associated with a surge in inflation, interest rates and nominal wages (Chart 6). There were other factors at play such as the world oil shock,
A number of private sector economists have identified industry sub sectors with growth potential. While the growth estimates differ in the details,
Services have grown already to be the mainstay of the economy contributing over 70 per cent of output
contribution to Australia†s economy. Australia exported around $58 billion worth of services in 2013-14, accounting for around
Economics (d) Mckinsey e Gas ï ï ï ï ï Food & beverage processing ï ï ï
d) Outlook Economics (2014, unpublished), AUS-M. Distribution services includes wholesale and retail trade transport, and postal and warehousing.
This highlights the need for a nimble economy, with workers and businesses equipped with the
that our economy will need in the future. Much will also be required of our workforce, to bring the skills and generate the ideas needed for
increasingly changing, globalised economy, it will be critical that all businesses, small and large, have
our economy by 2020, particularly through students from China and India (International Education Advisory Council, 2013
Australian economy, professional, scientific and technical industries accounted for more than 7 per cent of value add in 2011-12 (Australian Workforce and Productivity Agency
productivity and economic growth (see Box A2 Box A2: Policy settings for competitiveness, productivity and growth
aimed at low and stable inflation, a floating exchange rate, and honest institutions •A well-developed financial system founded on sound prudential regulation that
acting to bring their economies into line with international best practice. Advanced economies are reining-in inefficient government spending, reducing corporate tax rates, deregulating and
improving competition, making investments in infrastructure and skilled workforces, and giving research a greater commercial focus.
Australia has many of the fundamentals required for a productive and competitive economy. The OECD ranks Australia around the average of its member nations on most aspects of government
sectors, employment outside the public related sectors of the economy has been weak Box A3 •Profiting from ideas â€
sector of the economy, on which long term economic growth and government revenues depend, have grown even more slowly, averaging just 0. 9 per cent annually (Chart 9). For
The Government†s Economic Action Strategy is about strengthening the economy and delivering benefits to the community, including through less reliance on government, freeing up business
Free trade Agreement alone will add $650 million to the Australian economy every year from 2030 (Centre for International Economics, 2014
•to encourage greater quality and lower prices for the goods and services that businesses
The world†s major economies have committed to undertake ambitious reforms with the goal of lifting collective G20 GDP by
more enduring economic growth At the heart of the Agenda is need the to invigorate Australian businesses:
broadly through the economy. The competition that this elicits challenges incumbent firms to do better.
Entrepreneurs are important in building a dynamic and innovative economy. However entrepreneurs are less likely to pursue opportunities
The Government intends to scale back intervention in the economy to restore the balance Lower government spending will allow taxation to be reduced sustainably over time.
innovation leaders, contributing strongly to national economic growth and competitiveness There are over 2 million Australian small businesses (Department of Industry, Innovation
the economy. This is why small business entrepreneurs are important to future economic growth, improved job prospects and better living standards
compete in a digitalised, global economy. It will help entrepreneurs reinvent and evolve their businesses as technologies change
and the economy restructures The Government is committed to fostering an innovative culture among small businesses
•improving access to high-quality, low-cost inputs to business by opening the economy to greater domestic and international competition
Regulation is necessary for a well-functioning economy and society, but there are costs that should not be ignored.
regarded regulators in other advanced economies not being recognised in Australia. For example, in assessing medical devices, Australia†s Therapeutic
including working with stakeholder groups to develop criteria for accepting or adopting trusted standards and assessments.
economy and society depend on, but taxes impose direct and indirect costs on businesses and individuals.
23 cents of value is lost to the economy (KPMG, 2010. Although dividend imputation reduces the burden of company tax in Australia for domestic shareholders, at 30 per cent our company
tax rate is high by international standards (Chart 10. The OECD has suggested that the Australian economy would benefit from a shift toward less mobile
and distorting tax bases (OECD, 2010b This is because Australia is more reliant on corporate and personal income tax than the OECD
costs on the economy. Changes to tax law should not be seen as a †quick-fix†solution and
During consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, options raised included •reforming the superannuation guarantee charge penalty regime to reduce its
stakeholders to better understand the compliance cost concerns of small business For other changes to the tax system, see also Ambition 4, Proposal 15:
Reinvigorating competition across the Australian economy will help bring down costs for businesses and consumers. Many Australian industries already face strong competitive pressures
economy to improve Australia†s international competitiveness Australian businesses use a range of domestic and international inputs.
opened up the economy to international trade and investment, lifting our competitiveness and living standards (Productivity Commission
Economics, 2009 Australia has negotiated also many free trade agreements which lower imported input costs and open up international markets for our
Hilmer Review in the 1990s had a significant and positive effect on the Australian economy
the most competitive outcomes, given the changes to the Australian economy in recent decades and our increased integration into global markets.
support economic growth. The Inquiry will make recommendations to foster an efficient competitive and flexible financial system
Australian economy (ABS, 2014b. As G20 president in 2014, Australia is focusing the G20†s efforts on delivering key aspects of
enhancing competitiveness and growing an economy. For example, one estimate is that scientific and technological advances have produced roughly
half of all United states economic growth in the last 50 years. STEM may become an even
Also, stakeholders raised concerns in the Review of Higher education Regulation regarding the burden of reporting requirements (Phillipskpa, 2013
demanded by the Australian economy. A survey of employers by the National Centre for Vocational education Research (2013b) indicated that satisfaction in the ability of the system
a taskforce to work with key stakeholders, including State governments, registered training organisations, industry groups and employers, to develop a reform plan that creates a more
emerging opportunities, opening export markets and emerging economies. Larger companies may apply to access the Fund,
key VET stakeholders, and possible reforms focusing on VET in schools and school based apprenticeships
Skilled migration is critical for a strong and vibrant economy. As well as building the skills of the
The Australian economy continues to adapt and change as the world changes and our workplace relations system must do the same, otherwise
stable, fair and prosperous future for Australia†s workforce, businesses and the economy. To this
materials and bauxite-based commodities between mining areas, refineries and smelters BITRE, 2013a Subscribers to broadband internet grew thirteen-fold from 2003-04 to 2011-12 and
Infrastructure Growth Package to support economic growth, give businesses the opportunity to prosper, and expand the economy†s long term productivity.
for a competitive economy. The Government is rolling out the National Broadband Network to bring high speed broadband within the reach of
required to drive economic growth, and when specific infrastructure will be needed. For the first time, Australia will have integrated an plan of infrastructure needs across transport, water
productivity and economic growth Upgrading the skills of all types of workers including managers, is central to firm
performance in knowledge-based economies The quality of management is particularly important to enable quick adaption to
emerging economies. Larger companies may apply to access the Fund, but will be expected to make greater contributions towards the cost of training.
new jobs generated in OECD economies since the global financial crisis were in small, young businesses
and stakeholders have noted that the changes detracted from the goal of commercialising good ideas in Australia.
succeeding and keeping Australian companies competitive in an international economy which includes giving entrepreneurial start-ups the chance to employ the best people
liquidity. The Australian Taxation Office will work with industry to develop and approve new standardised documentation that streamlines the process of establishing and
broadly through the economy. Enabling small businesses to reach their potential will therefore promote Australia†s competitiveness and prosperity
The Strategy is about strengthening the economy and delivering benefits to the community, including through less reliance on government, freeing up business
economic strength of Asia and integration of the global economy While the Economic Action Strategy is wide-ranging,
The Government will hold a series of stakeholder roundtables on the Competitiveness Agenda around the country, over the coming months.
oversee stakeholder consultations to support implementation of this reform Late 2014 1b. Streamlining industrial chemicals assessments
stakeholders on the Regulator Performance Framework. The final Framework is expected to be released as part of 2014 Spring
range of stakeholders to better understand the compliance cost concerns of small business Late 2014
stakeholder consultations to co-design the proposed form of Australia†s Trusted Trader Programme Mid 2014 †late 2014
range of stakeholders to better understand the impact of coastal shipping regulations 2015 TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia
consult stakeholders to support implementation of these reforms Late 2014 †mid 2015 10. Improving the Vocational
significant stakeholder consultation throughout 2014 The Government will continue stakeholder consultation on proposed reforms to the VET
sector 2014 †mid 2015 11. Liberalising the subclass 457 visa programme The Minister and Assistant
consult stakeholders on changes to 457 visas and implementation of the 457 Integrity Review Late 2014
consult stakeholders on the implementation of the visa enhancements Late 2014 TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia
consult with stakeholders on the implementation of Industry Growth Centres Late 2014 14. Boost commercial returns
will conduct stakeholder engagement to refine legislation prior to introduction Late 2014 †early 2015
will conduct stakeholder engagement on a potential crowd sourced equity funding regulatory framework Late 2014 †early 2015
ABARES Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences ABCC Australian Building and Construction Commission
BITRE Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics BREE Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics
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