•They get stakeholders fully involved and encourage innovation and experimentation •They are based evidence
Ireland has been left with significant challenges following the economic crisis. The economy is estimated to have shrunk in GNP terms by almost 18 per cent over the period 2007-2012 with
significant adverse impacts on employment and incomes. Government debt has increased from 25%GDP in 2007 to 125%in 2013, fourth highest ratio of government debt to GDP in the
Structural reforms and fiscal consolidation have helped to rebalance the economy underpinning a return to the sovereign bond market
work of rebuilding The irish economy, achieving sustainable economic growth, strong public finances, and enduring job creation. â€oeafter exiting the EU IMF Programme,
a competitive economy that can pay its own way, serve society, and that can survive and thrive
in a reformed euro zone and an increasingly globalised international economy The Action Plan for Jobs 2014, published on 27 february,
also has a focus on specific sectors in the economy, such as agriculture and food, tourism aviation services, the green economy, retail and construction and property
A strong commitment to oversight and implementation is key to ensuring the effectiveness of the Plan.
pump-priming new sectors and activities in the economy •Are at start-up stage, driven by Ireland†s entrepreneurs
Ireland†s future economic growth. Evidence demonstrates a positive correlation between entrepreneurship and economic performance in terms
determining the performance of Ireland†s entire economy †particularly if they are highly productive and innovative.
Economy Expenditure and contribute to an internationally competitive operating environment for all businesses •There are also a number of foreign owned entities (many larger scale) that
stakeholders and companies (nationally and internationally based. The categorisation 5 Action Plan †The European Agenda for Entrepreneurship, European commission, COM (2004
economic growth, and the fact that the former distinction between these activities has become increasingly blurred.
priority areas are more important to the economy in certain regions than in others, e g
the transformation of the economy to a more sustainable basis for economic growth for the future, for example as set out in Making It Happen.
up basis from national funding agencies and other stakeholders. An indicative †long list†of
basis for targeted consultation with stakeholders. In some cases, areas were amalgamated at this point based on the deliberations within the TWG
Stakeholder engagement events were organised by each of the TWGS at which the TWG perspectives were shared with stakeholders
in order to elicit feedback. In parallel, the Steering Group invited the main enterprise and higher education representative bodies to provide
formal written inputs to the stakeholder engagement documents compiled by each TWG TWGS, having considered the stakeholder feedback,
made prioritisation and elimination decisions in working group meetings using a scoring methodology based on the criteria
Discussions with stakeholders were ongoing throughout the process through formal briefings and bilateral meetings with stakeholder groups
6. 3. 2 Final Deliberations A further large-scale stakeholder engagement event was organised in early September 2011 to
gather feedback from stakeholders on emerging priorities. Based on these inputs and further deliberations the Steering Group agreed the priority areas to be recommended to
Government There were a number of areas that received significant exchequer funding prior the NRPE that
realistic chance to excel and therefore maximise impact of RD&I investment on the economy It was based on a strong evidence base and rigorous analysis combined with stakeholder
broad based) judgement Extensive stakeholder involvement was achieved throughout the process from consideration of the need for a prioritisation exercise, through the background analysis and planning phases
designing the methodology, the prioritisation process itself and deliberations therein and its ongoing implementation. This involved a number of mechanisms including the Steering
working groups, expert consultancy, broader stakeholder engagement through round table workshops, a conference style event with plenary
process, and throughout the process bilateral engagements with key stakeholders A wide range of actors were involved including representatives from academia, industry
Government departments, agencies and stakeholders to ensure a coordinated approach to developing the action plans and drive greater coherence across the system at the level of
employment in the knowledge economy Enterprise Ireland •Provides direct supports for R&d activity within Irish firms, and supports for
relative to the overall economy, and secondly, it will enable comparisons of performance between the 14 PAS
sustainable growth domestically and a recovered global economy, we anticipate a renewal of the pattern of annually increasing public investment in R&d coupled with a quickening of the
•They get stakeholders fully involved and encourage innovation and experimentation •They are based evidence
Ireland has been left with significant challenges following the economic crisis. The economy is estimated to have shrunk in GNP terms by almost 18 per cent over the period 2007-2012 with
significant adverse impacts on employment and incomes. Government debt has increased from 25%GDP in 2007 to 125%in 2013, fourth highest ratio of government debt to GDP in the
Structural reforms and fiscal consolidation have helped to rebalance the economy underpinning a return to the sovereign bond market
work of rebuilding The irish economy, achieving sustainable economic growth, strong public finances, and enduring job creation. â€oeafter exiting the EU IMF Programme,
a competitive economy that can pay its own way, serve society, and that can survive and thrive
in a reformed euro zone and an increasingly globalised international economy The Action Plan for Jobs 2014, published on 27 february,
also has a focus on specific sectors in the economy, such as agriculture and food, tourism aviation services, the green economy, retail and construction and property
A strong commitment to oversight and implementation is key to ensuring the effectiveness of the Plan.
pump-priming new sectors and activities in the economy •Are at start-up stage, driven by Ireland†s entrepreneurs
Ireland†s future economic growth. Evidence demonstrates a positive correlation between entrepreneurship and economic performance in terms
determining the performance of Ireland†s entire economy †particularly if they are highly productive and innovative.
Economy Expenditure and contribute to an internationally competitive operating environment for all businesses •There are also a number of foreign owned entities (many larger scale) that
stakeholders and companies (nationally and internationally based. The categorisation 5 Action Plan †The European Agenda for Entrepreneurship, European commission, COM (2004
economic growth, and the fact that the former distinction between these activities has become increasingly blurred.
priority areas are more important to the economy in certain regions than in others, e g
the transformation of the economy to a more sustainable basis for economic growth for the future, for example as set out in Making It Happen.
up basis from national funding agencies and other stakeholders. An indicative †long list†of
basis for targeted consultation with stakeholders. In some cases, areas were amalgamated at this point based on the deliberations within the TWG
Stakeholder engagement events were organised by each of the TWGS at which the TWG perspectives were shared with stakeholders
in order to elicit feedback. In parallel, the Steering Group invited the main enterprise and higher education representative bodies to provide
formal written inputs to the stakeholder engagement documents compiled by each TWG TWGS, having considered the stakeholder feedback,
made prioritisation and elimination decisions in working group meetings using a scoring methodology based on the criteria
Discussions with stakeholders were ongoing throughout the process through formal briefings and bilateral meetings with stakeholder groups
6. 3. 2 Final Deliberations A further large-scale stakeholder engagement event was organised in early September 2011 to
gather feedback from stakeholders on emerging priorities. Based on these inputs and further deliberations the Steering Group agreed the priority areas to be recommended to
Government There were a number of areas that received significant exchequer funding prior the NRPE that
realistic chance to excel and therefore maximise impact of RD&I investment on the economy It was based on a strong evidence base and rigorous analysis combined with stakeholder
broad based) judgement Extensive stakeholder involvement was achieved throughout the process from consideration of the need for a prioritisation exercise, through the background analysis and planning phases
designing the methodology, the prioritisation process itself and deliberations therein and its ongoing implementation. This involved a number of mechanisms including the Steering
working groups, expert consultancy, broader stakeholder engagement through round table workshops, a conference style event with plenary
process, and throughout the process bilateral engagements with key stakeholders A wide range of actors were involved including representatives from academia, industry
Government departments, agencies and stakeholders to ensure a coordinated approach to developing the action plans and drive greater coherence across the system at the level of
employment in the knowledge economy Enterprise Ireland •Provides direct supports for R&d activity within Irish firms, and supports for
relative to the overall economy, and secondly, it will enable comparisons of performance between the 14 PAS
sustainable growth domestically and a recovered global economy, we anticipate a renewal of the pattern of annually increasing public investment in R&d coupled with a quickening of the
impact at the level of all companies in the economy. The development is slowed by the
economy ï are highly competitive at global level ï ensure regional economy†sustainable effect Target at t1 moment (2020:
Key values that will animate regional stakeholders in delivering their missions ï partnership ï creativity
Romanian economy through innovation -To enhance the Romanian contribution to the progress of frontier knowledge
value (in the economy, public services public decision-making etc. to the results of research; Romania†s broader strategic
ï Online consultation with RDI experts and stakeholders †proposals of promising R&i programs for each candidate field;
ï Large-scale online consultation of experts and stakeholders on the 90 R&i fiches †quantitative evaluation, backed up by pro/con arguments;
stakeholders and political decision version July(?2014 Smart specialization fields •Bioeconomy •ICT •Energy & Environment
Economy •The design of the strategy involved a number of collaborative procedures, from work in relatively large and diverse panels to participative online consultations
The Romanian economy, ranked right in the middle of the latest Global Competitiveness Report is driven efficiency and displays low business sophistication.
-innovation sectors and is separated from the average national economy in Europe by a considerable competitiveness gap.
-owned companies, play a dominant role in the economy The structure of the labor force diverges substantially from the European trends.
the economic crisis, the level of funding plummeted to around 0. 3%of the GDP. Business
However, funds were slashed soon after the onset of the economic crisis. Around a third of the projected RDI budget was disbursed actually.
number of experts and stakeholders, including representatives of the business community. A commitment to the project was secured from a broad group of key actors †decision-makers in
gradually by groups of experts and stakeholders, on the basis of available evidence, with input
In the second stage, 13 panels of 15-25 experts and stakeholders worked from this input as well
as a large selection of data on the economic value added, on scientific collaborations and results, on societal needs, global trends etc. in the shortlisted smart specialization fields.
•the potential for adding value (in the economy, public services, public decision -making etc. to the results of research
Knowledge-based economy, European union, R&d, SMES JEL CLASSIFICATION: L29, O11, O30, O52 1. INTRODUCTION As we are facing the transition to the knowledge-based economy,
the role of R&d and innovation is constantly increasing. Because the challenges we are facing have a systemic nature, the instability
emphasizes that the â€oeknowledge-based economy is characterized by the transformation of knowledge in raw material, capital, products, essential production factor for the economy, and by
economic processes in which the generation, selling, acquisition, learning, stocking, developing splitting and protection of the knowledge become predominant and decisive for long term profit
segment in an economy. The amount of the societal know-how of doing complex products in a
a competitive way has structural implications for an economy; therefore, the raising complexity and diversification are critical premises for development †as they influence directly the growth potential
transformation of the Romanian economy. Actually, it pictures the transition from an artificially sustained â€oeportfolio†of products and services Romania produced in the state-owned companies, to
important stakeholders. Such an approach is justified by the need to accumulate and retain vital know-how, skills and human capabilities within the extensive system of the organization
But if we look at the complexity of the economy, there is clear evidence that since 1995, Romania has been in a transition process from an artificially sustained economic
networks and clusters with other important stakeholders. Therefore, there are some major managerial implications for SMES that derive from the analysis of the Romania†s R&d and
and excellence in doctoral and postdoctoral research in Romanian economics science domain†REFERENCES Aerts, K.,Schmidt, T. 2008.
International Review of Economics and Finance, 19,180-188 Hausmann, R.,Hidalgo, C a.,Bustos, S.,Coscia, M.,Chung, S.,Jimenez, J. et al,(2011.
the New Economy",Bucharest, Romania Lin, C.,Lin, P.,Song, F. M.,Li, C. 2011.
Journal of Comparative Economics, 39,176 -190 Martinez-Roman, J. A.,Gamero, J.,Tamayo, J. A. 2011.
Key strenghts and challenges of West region economy...16 III. 1. Main strengths...17 III. 2. Main challenges...
IV. 2. Horizontal policy areas that impact West Region economy...50 IV. 3. Sector specific smart policy areas in West Region...
Economic activity (Participation) and Unemployment by Level of Educational Attainment -West Region (2009)..23 Figure 9:
Europe's economy, while reducing regional disparities in income, wealth and opportunities. To achieve the Europe 2020 objectives of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, European union (EU
facilitating the development of new economic activities through entrepreneurship and experimentation. 1 II. Romania†s West Region is developing a smart specialization strategy, assisted by the World
Since the late 1990s the region has experienced rapid economic growth, which has delivered rising real wages and commensurate improvements in productivity.
and a high concentration of economic activity and exports. A number of challenges must be overcome to shift the region†s productive system towards higher value added activities and accelerate
Second, economic activity is concentrated in a handful of sectors that represent about half the region†s turnover and employment,
potential of the West Region†s economy 8 I. Introduction 1. In 2010, the Europe 2020 Strategy was launched as the European Union†s ten-year growth
knowledge-driven approach to economic growth that: builds on existing comparative advantages; helps develop new activities in places where a strong comparative advantage might arise;
larger contribution of the knowledge factor to economic growth. 2 3. Against this backdrop, this report constitutes the final part of the assessment conducted
iii) evaluated the linkages between economic activity, trade and location in order to identify the challenges of further developing
sectors that have a considerable weight in the regional economy (automotive, textiles, agro-food, ICT
and rallying regional stakeholders and resources around an excellence-driven vision of their future. It also means strengthening regional innovation
economy. (http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/sources/docgener/informat/2014/smart specialisation en. pdf 9 ahead in these industries.
tackle both the structural weaknesses in Europe†s economy exposed by the crisis, as well as long term
through peer reviews involving public officials, practitioners and regional stakeholders. The goal of this approach is to avoid unnecessary duplication and fragmentation of efforts,
Economic activity rate (2011; Source: Eurostat 5 Data for 2010; Source: Eurostat 6 Persons aged 25-64 with tertiary education attainment(%;
e) Creativity and cultural industries can help to boost local economies, stimulate new activities create new and sustainable jobs,
encouraging economic growth in EU Member States and their regions 17. The Cohesion Policy follows three main drivers.
4. supporting the shift towards a low-carbon economy in all sectors 5. promoting climate change adaptation,
stakeholders and encourage innovation and experimentation 24. In Romania, the authorities have decided to promote a National Smart Specialization Strategy
Key strenghts and challenges of West region economy 26. In the run up to the EU accession, the Romanian economy experienced healthy rates of
growth in incomes. This process was driven by the increasing integration of the Romanian economy with the EU Single Market,
which, despite significant progress, is still below the average of other new Member States. Following the post-transition recession, in the 2000†s the country†s economic expansion
economy experienced growth averaging 6. 5%per annum and saw GDP per capita rise from 26%of the
The region has experienced rapid economic growth which has delivered rising real wages supported by commensurate improvements in productivity
Economic activity (Participation) and Unemployment by Level of Educational Attainment-West Region 2009 Source: Calculations based on data from INS:
sectors, suggesting that economic growth is likely to be balanced more, i e. evenly spread among different parts of the economy
Figure 12: Sector Distribution of Gazelles in the West Region (2010 Source: World bank staff calculation based on SBS data
Fruits of economic growth were distributed not evenly across the region 45. The fruits of economic growth and convergence with Europe were distributed not evenly
across the region. Already substantial inequalities in economic and social outcomes were exacerbated sharply over the past decade.
Income disparities are linked to the concentration of population and economic activity in the main urban areas. While the cities of Arad (and its eastern and western fringes) and Timiè oara
for relatively less economic activity than their population would suggest. Overall, value added per capita in the urban localities of the West Region stood in 2010 almost 2. 4 times greater than that in rural
As a result of the spatial effect of the transition of the economy and conditioned in part by
As part of a post socialist country, the West region economy was dominated by large state industries up until the early 1990s.
shaping the economies of the counties today and have reinforced regional disparities. As discussed in
Economic activity is concentrated increasingly by sector, firm size and firm ownership 56. Economic activity in the West Region is concentrated in a handful of sectors that represent
about half of the region†s turnover and employment25. According to the World bank report â€oecompetitiveness of West Romania Firms:
employment in 2010 and the concentration of the West Region economic activity around them has increased between 2008 and 2010.26
the West Region ever more tightly into the European economy 66. In fact, there is evidence showing that the region is connected to global value chains in agro
it is less likely the business will be embedded fully in the local economy particularly if it is owned foreign.
and technology into the regional economy. As foreign firms are almost inevitably more productive and
economies, the difficulty for small local suppliers to meet international quality standards, and the fact
and potential in the West Region†s economy; they are: automotive, textiles, agro-food, ICT, construction
the development of new economic activities through measures which support entrepreneurship and experimentation, the current chapter proposes areas for policy action both on a horizontal level
strategy is to promote the role of the knowledge factor in economic growth, and to act as a flexible
but not to focus on specific economic activities 81. Each cluster has its own constraints and specificities that will shape the future development of
for the construction sector have decreased steadily since 2008 as a result of the economic crisis. As a result of the retrenchment in private sector investment,
IV. 2. Horizontal policy areas that impact West Region economy 88. The identification of the main horizontal policy areas results from the combination of a
main bottlenecks for economic growth. Horizontal policy areas (outlined below) represent obstacles to economic development which have a significant impact on growth at the regional level and across
future economy 91. Lifelong learning is another important area for policy action. Lack of investment in lifelong
A concern highlighted in interviews with R&d stakeholders as well as with the private sector was the lack of entrepreneurial and business management know-how.
connect national and local stakeholders and help to improve the regional innovation system (see Box
Economy, Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration and with the regional structures in designing and applying of the research, development and innovation policy
stakeholders in the region do not have much experience with licensing and not sufficiently aware of the potential
key stakeholders in the region, would hold quarterly meetings and design common projects, bringing on
specialization strategy is to expand the role of knowledge and innovation in economic growth, rather than to try â€oeoutsmarting†the market
These incentives can take the form of shareholding, or the right to subsequently participate in the ownership and management of intellectual property.
A tourism cluster can support cooperation between tourist stakeholders and between the tourism sector and different innovation actors.
Fruits of economic growth not distributed evenly across the region income, wage and export disparities The region the region faces
Economic activity is increasingly concentrated by sector, firm size and firm ownership Export performance is very
driven commodity chain, the need to upgrading for West Romanian firms in the sector will not be easily
In addition, it draws attention to a number of horizontal, economy-wide areas of intervention that
among different stakeholders in the region. For those policy areas where the RDA is not directly responsible to
acting in partnership with other stakeholders) projects of regional and intraregional interest, and develop relationships with international bodies for promoting the regional interest
Promote the transfer of knowledge and innovation in regional economy; and (ii) Improve access of
The most relevant sectors in the West Region economy are automotive, ICT, textile, agro-food, as
availability of financing through a multiplying effect at the level of the regional economy 172.
them a real economic value by integrating them into attractive tourism circuits. The local administration can identify and promote projects to rehabilitate the historical sites
The analysis of the regional level economy revealed a mismatch between the available skills and the needs of the labor market in the West Region.
degree of dependence of the rural economy on increased connectivity to larger urban centers. The selection of the main national and county roads that need to be connected through secondary and
innovation in regional economy Improving access to support services for SMES, to foster their development
These objectives aim to tackle both the structural weaknesses in Europe†s economy exposed by the crisis,
advantages, the region has experienced rapid economic growth which has delivered rising real wages supported by commensurate improvements in productivity.
Third, economic activity in the region is concentrated in a handful of sectors that represent about half of the region†s turnover and
knowledge factor to economic growth 194. The identification of the region†s comparative advantage assumes a key role in the
but because of their relevance and potential in the West Region†s economy. This assessment has revealed, based on available information,
The region has a dynamic economy, and stands out among the other regions of Romania as result of a high level of economic development, solid export
Economics and Technology), the Kfw and German industry (ALTANA, BASF, B. Braun, Robert Bosch, CEWE Color
Regional stakeholders and policy makers could launch a pilot initiative to support the economic development of the mining and
characteristics either of concentration of economic activity, as it is Timisoara-Arad conurbation, or areas lagging behind the rest of the region,
stakeholders, such as a stock exchange center, an accredited laboratory for food safety and veterinary tests or a laboratory and innovation center for textile industry
concentration of economic activities Integrated Territorial Investment Jiu Valley. Jiu Valley can become a flourishing area if
promoting economic growth in the region, the following priorities can be identified in a common development strategy at the level of the two counties
Economy competitiveness. This vision, formulated after the European council in Lisbon, in 2000 (Lisbon strategy) intended to outline the main directions of strategies
economic growth and creation of new working places †one of the main instruments identified was the development of a knowledge based economy corroborated with
incentives for the IT and communications sector (ICT. Thus, the advantages of using ICT services and equipment over creation of an information society able to
generated by the information society and knowledge based economy Measurable benefits resulting from the access to broadband communications
Economy: The interconnectivity between the business environment and that of digital communications is still at an initial stage,
and global economy, the business environment shall become a major consumer of broadband communications. To that effect, we try to create a sort of mutual
of economic growth perspectives in general, broadband internet development continued at EU level with an increase of 19,23%during July 2007-July 2008.
Public Finance, Ministry of Economy, Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure Ministry of Regional Development and Housing and Ministry of Health.
â€oeict and the Global Economic crisis: Current Situation and Future Perspectives†3-5 may 2010 Geneva, Switzerland
1. The global economic crisis and ICT The financial crisis has affected not only financial institutions but also governments at all levels, companies and consumers throughout the world
In these challenging times of global economic crisis, the extraordinary capacity of ICT to drive growth
ICT will continue spreading its revolutionary power to modernize economies and societies and improve living conditions and opportunities around the world.
within their territories and vis-Ã-vis more advanced economies The development of the information society should be considered as a
of the national economy. The scale of investment in this field, especially the rapid expansion and ability to induce a multiplying effect on economic growth, particularly
through the great potential of fostering the development of other sectors, have transformed ICT in the past decades in one of the most important economic
economic crisis by creating jobs. Although the broadband infrastructure in Romania is developed well in major cities due to private investment,
stakeholders and policy experts will help the Commission to decide whether to submit new proposals for legislation on universal service obligations in the
•Adapting training to the needs of the economy •Facilitating access to justice through electronic public services
economy achieved is approximately 17.2 million RON The percentage of online procedures carried out by contracting authorities
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011