4. 3. Participation of quadruple helix stakeholders...59 4. 4. Monitoring, evaluation and review system...
potential for cooperation amongst stakeholders (from both the inter-sector and intra -sector perspectives RIS3CAT was formulated in accordance with in depth analysis of the strengths
weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Catalan economy taking into account the different sectors and technological capabilities.
that provide the structure for the activities that will enable the Catalan economy to successfully tackle the major social and economic challenges of the 21st century
sustainable economy that combines talent, creativity, a diversified business fabric and its own excellent research system within the framework of a dynamic, enterprising and
and to reorient the Catalan economy towards a growth model that is smarter, more sustainable and more inclusive
To promote new emerging economic activities through research and innovation to create and develop new market niches
in order to promote major collaborative initiatives involving quadruple helix stakeholders R&i system, companies, government and innovation users.
R&i system stakeholders will gradually define the smart specialisation of Catalonia Although the RIS3CAT strategy is led by the Government, research and innovation
stakeholders play the main role in its development. RIS3CAT governance establishes a results-oriented, continuous monitoring, evaluation and review system for the objectives
green economy ï§Non-technological innovation ï§Training and talent Tools Leading sectors Emerging activities Crosscutting enabling
-Analysis of the Catalan economy: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats -Analysis of the leading sectors and capacities in crosscutting enabling technologies
The European economies face major challenges, in both the short and long terms. The immediate priority is a return to growth and job creation,
Figure 1. Global Challenges Facing the European Economies Budgetary consolidation and structural reforms are necessary conditions to ensure the
competitiveness of the European economies, but they are not sufficient. The European Union (EU) response to the major challenges posed takes the form of the Europe 2020
-carbon economy and competitive industry 1. Framework 12 Within this framework, Innovation Union, one of the seven flagship initiatives in the
stakeholders (universities, industry, governments and innovation users) is key to generating new opportunities, creating wealth and employment and providing a
European economies, focusing on the following thematic objectives 1. Strengthening research, technological development and innovation
4. Supporting the shift towards a low-carbon, low energy-intensive economy in all sectors
Enhancing institutional capacity of public authorities and stakeholders and efficient public administration 1. Framework 15
and low energy-intensive economy (thematic objectives 1, 2, 3 and 4), and at least 20%on Objective 4
-intensive economy in all sectors 5. To promote climate change adaptation and risk prevention and management
4. Collaborative leadership, involving all quadruple helix stakeholders in efficient innovation systems that generate synergies between financing instruments
real, solid drivers for economic growth Figure 5. Parameters for Defining RIS3 Choices Governments are required to draw up a document setting out their regional strategies
Stakeholder cooperation RIS3S promote economic and knowledgespecialisations adapted to the potential for innovation in each region, based on its assets and capacities
economy and reorienting the production sector towards a smarter, more sustainable and more inclusive economic model
economy Within the ECAT 2020 framework and based on a shared vision of the country towards the year 2020, RIS3CAT promotes
-Cooperation amongst the quadruple helix stakeholders to generate new opportunities for the creation of wealth and employment and to provide a
4. The participation of R&i stakeholders and companies 5. Coordination with State and EU policies
formed by representatives from the ministries of Economy and Knowledge and Business and Labour (see Section 4, Governance.
threats to the Catalan economy based on SWOT analyses carried out previously in Catalonia and on which there is broad agreement amongst stakeholders in the
research and innovation system. The participatory process that took place in 2008 and 1. European
stakeholders R&i System Companies Administrationusers Contributions Contributions Contributions The initial version of the document was
stakeholders and civil society in general in an online public consultation process. This consultation attracted considerable participation (176 contributions), mainly from the
economy and the analysis of its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (see the document â€oeanalysis of the Catalan economy:
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatsâ€), the Catalan economy is diversified highly and open with a large industrial
base. Within a context of globalisation and recession, the Catalan production system is undergoing a process of structural change:
different stakeholders (research centres, technology centres, knowledge-intensive industrial and service companies †engineering, design, etc. †administrations and
Analysis of the Catalan economy has led to the identification of three key vectors that will enable Catalonia to successfully tackle the great social and economic challenges of
3. The third vector is the firm commitment to transforming the Catalan economy towards a green economy.
In response to the global challenges caused by climate change, the impact of human activity and scarcity of natural resources, the green
economy offers promising niches for specialisation and generates opportunities to improve and enhance efficiency in all economic sectors
Figure 7. Vectors Driving the Transformation of the Catalan Economy The shared vision for the country towards 2020 takes into account all these elements
and sustainable economy that combines talent, creativity, a diversified business fabric and its own excellent research system within the
2. To promote new emerging economic activities through research, creativity and innovation in order to create and exploit new market niches
To promote new emerging economic activities through research and innovation to create and develop new market niches
The three vectors that drive the transformation of the Catalan economy (industrial tradition, quality of life and the green economy) and the implementation of the seven
criteria listed below enables the identification of seven leading sectors in which Catalonia has competitive advantages, critical mass and future opportunities
4. Potential to generate new economic activity and employment, based on such factors as intensive use of labour and current growth of leading companies
6. Tradition of cooperation amongst quadruple helix innovation stakeholders evaluated according to several indicators: technology transfer, formalised clusters
to provide tools to explore new economic activities based on a market opportunity, a technological need or new knowledge generated through cooperation by stakeholders
in different sectors The process of drawing up RIS3CAT revealed several areas of emerging activity, such
role in the emergence of new economic activities, improving the efficiency of production processes and reorienting the production system towards segments of greater added
and its dissemination in the economic system are therefore, key to the competitiveness of companies in a given territory.
cooperation amongst stakeholders in the research and innovation system, enhance the competitiveness of the production system and find solutions to respond to new needs
-R&i as a driver for economic growth -Quadruple helix public-private cooperation -Critical mass -International competitive advantage
economy ï§Non-technological innovation ï§Training and talent Tools Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Pillar 4
-Generation of new opportunities for economic activity and employment -Efficient use of resources (green economy There follows a description of the general characteristics of each of these tools (T) and
the public policies that directly affect the innovation environment (P 3. Tools and Policies 34
RIS3CAT communities are voluntary associations of companies and stakeholders in the Catalan R&i system that work in coincident sectors and cooperate to incorporate R&i into production
As active stakeholders in the Catalan innovation ecosystem, they ensure the participation of companies and stakeholders from the system in defining, monitoring and evaluating
the priorities for R&i programmes. Their multidisciplinary profile and bottom-up focus make them leading players in entrepreneurial discovery processes that lead to increasing specialisation, as
ETPS are led industry forums of stakeholders that develop short-and long-term R&i agendas and European and national action plans that may be financed by either the
all open groups formed by public and private stakeholders (companies, business associations universities, etc. that are representative of the outstanding science and technology sectors in
ï§To group together R&d&i companies and stakeholders working in Catalonia in coinciding sectors or technological spheres in order to establish the RIS3CAT process of progressive specialisation
Main stakeholders Companies, business associations, cluster organisations, universities, research centres technology centres, foundations and institutions
RIS3CAT promotes new, emerging economic activities based on market opportunities technological need or new knowledge generated through cooperation amongst stakeholders from
different sectors. Once identified, opportunities must be included in an action plan that establishes business initiatives to successfully capitalise on economic potential through research and the
Clusters are established by groups of research and innovation companies and stakeholders with capacity for international leadership that present an action plan for cooperation, innovation and
Main stakeholders Business groups and research and innovation enterprises with capacity for international leadership in emerging fields of activity
Main stakeholders Technology centres, research centres, hospitals and associated foundations, university groups and other public or not-for-profit organisations in the science
in order to provide the best services to stakeholders and support for processes involving valorisation and know-how transfer to companies, and industrialisation
public investment in the research system and promoting its transfer to the economic system The RIS3CAT framework supports platforms specifically designed to implement the technologies
Main stakeholders Universities, research centres, technology centres companies and business associations Government of Catalonia, State, European funds
scientific stakeholders. This generates new products and services with high added value that represent a substantial technological challenge
Business consortia and consortia in which technology stakeholders participate ensure that the challenges posed by a given critical mass can be met,
Within the context of the global economy and the knowledge society, it also becomes essential to
Financingmain stakeholders Universities, research centres, Catalan public authorities, the education system, business associations and other organisations
Main stakeholders Research centres, technology centres, hospital research and valorisation units and university groups Government of Catalonia, State, European funds
each other and with other stakeholders to develop business and internationalisation strategies which often take the form of establishing international ties and relations with potential clients
a range of different stakeholders (companies technology centres, universities and R&d centres) take part in such processes,
Companies and R&d stakeholders can engage in this type of cooperation privately, but public funds are used also to cofinance collaborative and international R&i projects
-Supporting the active participation of Catalan stakeholders and the Catalan Government in regional networks (such as ERRIN, the European Regions Research and Innovation Network
-Training and professionalisation to enable stakeholders to work in a global environment and on international projects
Main stakeholders Catalan public authorities, universities, research centres, technology centres, companies and business associations Government of Catalonia, State, European funds
Main stakeholders Catalan public authorities, research centres technology centres and companies Government of Catalonia, European funds and
territorial stakeholders to play an active role in designing and implementing original and innovative economic development strategies in accordance with the needs and potentialities of the territory
on amongst the quadruple helix stakeholders to generate innovative and original responses to needs and challenges in the territory.
-A vision of future opportunity shared by stakeholders in the territory -The commitment to smart specialisation in the territory aligned with the RIS3CAT thematic
ï§To promote cooperation amongst quadruple helix stakeholders in the territory in order to strengthen business fabric competitiveness
Main stakeholders Local authorities, companies, business associations cluster organisations, universities, research centres technology centres and other bodies in the territory
enabling cooperation amongst stakeholders in the research and innovation system The objective of the Digital Agenda of Catalonia for 2020,
promote economic growth, enhance business competitiveness and generate quality employment Support for businesses and job creation are,
uses broadband infrastructure to connect companies and institutions in sectors of economic activity that use advanced ICT services within their process value chains to generate added value and
Main stakeholders Catalan public authorities, technology centres companies, business associations and organisations Government of Catalonia, State, European funds
improvement of specialised stakeholders (business angels and risk capital, consulting, technical and technological mediation services, legal advice, companies specialising in human resources
Main stakeholders Catalan public authorities, companies, business associations, financial institutions, science and technology parks and the education system
P. 3. Eco-innovation (Innovation at the Service of the Green Economy Eco-innovation includes all innovations that reduce the use of natural resources and emissions of
the green economy -Social (sustainable practices and changes in people†s lifestyles contribute to social cohesion and
There are many different measures to promote the transition towards a green economy -Technical and financial support for research and development, pilot tests and dissemination and
amongst stakeholders in the environmental and energy industries -Support for ICT uses that benefit the green economy (smart electricity networks and transport
systems -Guidance for companies to promote more efficient use of resources and reductions in pollution
Main stakeholders Catalan public authorities, universities, companies business associations, organisations and research and technology centres
the participation of local stakeholders, empowerment and citizen engagement The open innovation model enables citizens to access the public innovation system and support
Main stakeholders Catalan public authorities, companies, business associations and organisations Government of Catalonia, European funds and
competitiveness of the Catalan economy P. 5. 1. Matching the Education system to the Needs of the Production System
economy, the media, the new technologies, higher studies, etc..For this reason, to improve the
Main stakeholders Universities, research centres, Catalan public authorities, the education system, business associations and other organisations
changing needs of society in general and the quadruple helix stakeholders in particular. This is ensured by a system for monitoring
the Directorate General for Economic policy and Promotion, attached to the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge;
the Directorate General for Research, also attached to the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge; and
the Secretariat for Business and Competitiveness (Ministry of Business and Labour 4. Governance 58 The main functions of the RIS3CAT Steering committee are
administrations and stakeholders in the research and innovation system in all actions related to RIS3CAT †To define
reflection involving the stakeholders involved and the territory The RIS3CAT strategy focuses on combining firmly established R&i tools with new
cooperation amongst the quadruple helix stakeholders are the RIS3CAT communities T. 1) and the territorial specialisation and competitiveness projects (PECT, T. 9
stakeholders representative of a particular sector, is to develop and implement agendas for economic transformation in the leading sectors through the incorporation
which are formed by quadruple helix stakeholders representative of a territory, is to promote medium-and long-term action programmes
Based on the SWOT analysis of the Catalan economy, RIS3CAT defines four strategic objectives and four pillars of action that structure public policies aimed at advancing
the changing needs of research and innovation system stakeholders. For this reason, it is essential that the monitoring
Quadruple helix stakeholders will also take part in these evaluations, which will be carried out by independent experts
crisis we need to create a smarter, greener economy, where our prosperity will come from research and innovation.
the bedrock of a knowledge-based society and a healthy economy After ten years of action at EU level to develop
to the challenges we face by involving as many stakeholders as possible in the research and innovation process.
•Economic growth below the national average •Decline in per capita GDP in comparison with the national average
the economy. Innovation in these sectors is needed also to preserve them ï Knowledge economy has to be fostered,
improving the access of public and private funds towards R&d&i projects ï A determinant support to internationalisation of canarian
â Comparison of new policies of innovation, aimed at tertiarised Economies based on the service sector and, to be more specific, on tourism and
for a knowledge-based economy, the availability of good ideas and innovations â Desalination and water management (1st in Europe
economy o Investments: between â M 3 and â M 20 o It will not invest in firms in economical difficulties following Community guidelines
investment in the knowledge based economy •Losing the technological race with other competitor nations
•Cuts in R&d funds and investment due to the global economic crisis •Cuts in Education/training funds/investment due to the global
economic crisis •Emigration of talented and highly qualified personnel •International and National Financial uncertainty
ï Set up a team involving the necessary stakeholders for designing the strategy ï Clarify the scope and dimensions of the RIS3 for the correct
Europe is facing major economic challenges that require an ambitious economic policy for the 21st century.
economy •inclusive growth, fostering a high employment economy delivering economic, social and territorial cohesion Investing more in research,
innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and a crucial part of Europe's response to the economic crisis.
So is having a strategic and integrated approach to innovation that maximises European, national and regional research and innovation
and aims to deliver sustainable economic growth and social benefits from Information and Communication Technologies (ICT.
integrated approach to harness the potential for smart growth and the knowledge economy in all
•They get stakeholders fully involved and encourage innovation and experimentation •They are based evidence
development of an economy based on knowledge and innovation remains a fundamental challenge for the EU as a whole.
towards a resource-efficient and low carbon economy, offering opportunities in domestic and global markets.
role for every national and regional economy, including both leader and less advanced territories It embraces a broader concept of innovation,
have a role to play in the knowledge economy, provided that they can identify comparative
specialisation and the eminent role the various innovation stakeholder and entrepreneurs are 8 Council Conclusions on Innovation Union for Europe, 3049th Competitiveness Council meeting.
And it is not only a reinforced stakeholder involvement and strong internal connectivity that counts but smart specialisation is also pointing
all stakeholder incentives and behavioural responses are aligned correctly and that the policy can be monitored accordingly
knowledge resources and linking them to a limited number of priority economic activities countries and regions can become â€
and remain †competitive in the global economy. This type of specialisation allows regions to take advantage of scale, scope and spillovers in knowledge
economy offer a much greater chance of success. Imitating other regions by trying to create
economic system is considered often in isolation •They are not in tune with the industrial and economic fabric of the region;
critical in the current economic crisis where public and private financial resources are scarce The smart specialisation concept therefore promotes efficient, effective and synergetic use of
to boost economic growth and prosperity 14 For more information about previous innovation activities funded by the EU,
However, who has the entrepreneurial knowledge in the regional economy? It may be held by firms, which is often the case in'advanced'regions rich in entrepreneurial experiments and
economies of scope and spillovers) which are likely to materialise between an existing activity and a new one.
RIS3 needs to be based on a sound analysis of the regional economy society, and innovation structure, aiming at assessing both existing assets and prospects for
wide view of innovation that spans across economic activities and involves many sectors of the civic society
global economy, and •dynamics of the entrepreneurial environment Regional assets: a strategy rooted in the regional specificities
innovation system and key challenges both for the economy and the society Economic differentiation is one of the central principles behind smart specialisation.
which suggests that a regional economy can build its competitive advantage by diversifying its unique,
understanding of the areas in the economy and society that have the greatest potential for future
The fact that RIS3 is based on a wide view of innovation automatically implies that stakeholders
or major regional stakeholders In order to secure that all stakeholders own and share the strategy, governance schemes should
allow for'collaborative leadership, 'meaning that hierarchies in decision-making should be flexible enough in order to let each actor to have a role
Analytical evidence should be used to depict a comprehensive scenario of the regional economy society, and environment shared by all stakeholders.
The scenario constitutes the basis for developing a vision about where the region would like to be in the future,
Having a clear and shared vision of regional development is crucial in order to keep stakeholders engaged in the process, a task that is particularly challenging, given that a RIS3 is a long-term
stakeholders and keep the current ones engaged Example 4-The vision of Flanders Step 4-Identification of priorities
related variety, suggesting that a regional economy can build its competitive advantage by diversifying its unique,
on potential for knowledge-based transformation of the economy, based on information on the positioning of the regional economy in international value chains and on identification of
specific key assets Several methods can be used to support the identification of potential niches for smart
specialisation of regional economies on the basis of employment (or value-added) data Location quotients measure whether some sectors are represented over in a regional
economy compared to other regions or countries. This is sometimes equated with'cluster presence'even if these indicators only capture agglomeration effects, and not interactions
predictability of the innovation policy framework for regional stakeholders; reliance on the consultation and support of regional stakeholders as a basis of innovation policy;
degree of control over strategic regional assets Policy mix and framework conditions: cooperation between the local, regional, national and EU levels in
Adding key stakeholders from foreign clusters brings in a useful peer review dimension to the analysis
22 Neffke F. and Svensson Henning M. 2009), Skill-relatedness and firm diversification, Papers on Economics and
Jena Evolutionary Economics Group, Max Plank Institute of Economics 23 Henning M.,Moodysson J. and Nilsson M. 2010), Innovation and Regional Transformation:
since different stakeholders will have different expectations and agendas on the question at stake, often restricted to their own areas of action
economy ministries and agencies. Interministerial Committees are tools to cope with this need for a wide conclusion of stakeholders
A RIS3 is an exercise that deals with policies developed by local, regional and national
of policy implies that governance mechanisms need to include stakeholders and decision-makers from these various levels.
25 Lorenz P. and Lundvall B. A. 2006), How Europe†s Economies Learn. Coordinating Competing Models
preserving the regional status quo than transforming the regional economy through innovation Although this criticism can be overdone (because regional governments,
change are to be addressed, the regional governance system should be opened to new stakeholder groups coming from the civil society that can foster a culture of constructive challenge to
as in the case of RIS3, collaboration among stakeholders holds the key to successful implementation of innovative practices, implying that leadership has to be shared and exercised
that reproduce old habits and routines, locking regional economies into their traditional paths of development
economy. Formal recognition of the boundary spanning role, and its significance for universities businesses and the regional economy, would do much to promote a skill set that is critically
important to the moderation of the RIS3 process, particularly of the entrepreneurial process of discovery, which lies at the heart of the process
new connections and conversations in the regional economy. New opportunities are emerging in old regions as a result of connections and conversations that are now occurring but which never
jointly identify a project to explore the prospects for related variety in the regional economy
their own diagnosis of the strengths and weaknesses of the regional economy, and these views
regional Knowledge Leadership Group includes stakeholders operating both outside and in the region. In this respect, universities can be critical actors
knowledge needs to be shared amongst the regional stakeholders, as all too often partnerships fail because of a lack of understanding of the other†s business drivers
it should attract regional stakeholders around a common bold project, a dream, which many feel they can contribute to and benefit
cannot be taken seriously by regional stakeholders At this stage, the purpose is to reach the willingness to act towards the transformation of the
of innovation for job and economic value creation The elaboration of the overall vision for the future requires the identification of the combined
communication of the RIS3 is essential to ensure its endorsement by all stakeholders of the
embarking stakeholders that are not yet part of the process. And it may serve the wider purpose of informing public opinion about the need to support the development of
2. Identification of the stakeholder groups and their motivation: different target groups have different needs and should be reached with different tools.
such as targeted visits to stakeholders or concerted workshops and seminars. Examples of active tools are:
stakeholders in the region are supposed to adhere to the strategy and implement it in their
investments that have the potentially highest impact on the regional economy. The priority setting for national and/or regional research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation
priorities focusing on the existing strengths of the economy but also on emerging opportunities A good smart specialisation strategy will catalyse structural change and the emergence of critical
clusters so that agglomeration externalities, economies of scale, economies of scope and local spillovers can be realised fully in the process of knowledge production and distribution
A regional economy clearly provides the appropriate dimensional framework for such processes of decision, strategic implementation, agglomeration of resources and materialisation of
However, national economies might also be a good framework, particularly in the case of small countries
of all stakeholders in a process of entrepreneurial discovery, which should secure a regionally -and business-driven, inclusive and open prioritisation process
•Engaging regional stakeholders in external production networks •Securing national infrastructure investments to enhance connectivity
1. Is the strategy based on an appropriate stakeholder involvement? How does it support the entrepreneurial discovery process of testing possible new areas
of the regional economy should be investigated in the preliminary, self-assessment phase and receive sufficient attention thereafter.
are distribution by size and the innovativeness of firms in the regional economy, such as the
the regional economy on a limited number of industries Achieving critical mass Smart specialisation involves making choices,
resources towards investments with a potentially higher impact on the regional economy. The distinctive elements that can guide review,
In order to help regional stakeholders to capture the critical lessons and knowledge about those delivery instruments, a summary of EU staff experience in managing them is given here in a
i e. why the instrument is perceived as important for economic growth, what are the challenges and barriers,
Evolutionary economics Economic geography Policy Experimentation RIS-RITTS 1994-2004 Innovation Union self-assessment tool Regional Innovation Monitor
higher levels of excellence and thriving in the global economy Clusters can be used at both the design
regional specialisation patterns and compare economic activities, including agriculture, and strengths with other regions in the EU
forms of competition that are developing in the global economy. SMES are thus at the core of
innovations of benefit to the European economy and society, as well as science Consequently, the development of regional Research Infrastructures (in particular Regional
The contribution of the stakeholders at regional and national level needs therefore to be enhanced.
Universities dealing with economics, public policy and administration, as well as those dealing with specific policy areas (such as industry, health, agriculture, environment and culture) can
Information and communication technologies (ICT) are a powerful driver for economic growth innovation and increased productivity.
Its aim is to deliver smart, sustainable and inclusive economic growth through the realisation of the digital single market and the exploitation of the potential for
services spurring innovation, increased competitiveness and economic growth. For instance copyright rules are based nationally and therefore prevent the full harnessing of the digital single
to a low carbon economy •Rural Development: measures aiming at enhancing accessibility to the use and quality of
process, goods and service innovation throughout the economy and are of systemic relevance They are multidisciplinary,
economic growth and employment and strengthening the competitiveness of the EU economy They bear enormous market potential.
•are vital for the emergence of new economic activities and the creation of new and
areas with the potential to rejuvenate economies, stimulate innovation and contribute to growth •constitute a powerful magnet for tourism,
However, in many regions, cultural and creative sectors constitute a major asset for the economy and building on this asset should be considered in national/regional research and innovation
development and the spill over effects of CCIS on the wider economy, 'will provide in early 2012
economically less developed regions of Europe, implementing the knowledge-based economy developing Trans-European Networks (TENS), supporting small and medium-sized enterprises
resilient and greener economy to boost its competitiveness and be able to sustain its growth
for a transition to a green, low-carbon, resource-efficient economy as a new paradigm for
an EU economy that is more competitive in a world of high energy prices and tough resource
In this framework, public decision-makers and stakeholders in Europe†s regions and cities, which are responsible for designing,
economy and getting the actors of innovation and environment working together. Moreover regions have to reflect on how to benefit from the fast-emerging green eco-innovation sector
thematic priority †supporting the shift towards a low-carbon economy in all sectors; in particular
In particular a closed-loop economy that aims to reduce, in absolute terms, input, waste and the release of harmful substances along the value chain
liaising with the area-specific stakeholders in the field of energy, water and other natural
path to a resource and energy efficient economy, Study and briefing notes',March 2009 163 Eco-innovation Observatory'The Eco-Innovation Challenge-Pathways to a resource-efficient Europe-Annual
instance in the case of renewable energy sources but also the expansion of the bio-economy
and stakeholders into innovation processes, promoting inclusive growth. Therefore, they are a relevant rationale to have in mind while designing innovation strategies for smart specialisation
It is important to link business, the public sector, the social economy and civil society. To make
in the delivery of many services of social and economic value. In this regard, it has a pivotal role
in answering (together with private stakeholders and the civil society) today's major societal challenges such as demographic ageing, increased demand for healthcare services, risk of
of local stakeholders to implementing active labour market policies. For the next programming period, social innovation is treated in a horizontal way in the ESF regulation.
1. Is the strategy based on appropriate stakeholder involvement? How does it support the entrepreneurial discovery process of testing possible new areas
1. 1 Has the strategy been developed through a broadly-based process of direct stakeholder involvement, including mainly regional government/regional agencies, entrepreneurs, knowledge
providers but also other/new stakeholders with the potential for innovative contributions, through measures such as surveys, consultations, dedicated working groups, workshops, etc
7. 3 How is the strategy to be communicated to stakeholders and the general public? What are the
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