Preparing adequate workforce and continuous education: Power engineering is perceived to be old-fashioned. Particular attention will need to be
and create attractive education training and career conditions to achieve this goal In this way, research and innovation performance will be
With regards to education and skills, it is already evident that an insufficient number of well-trained
The Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center•(Wisconsin, USA website contains a wide range of resources that could be useful for eco
distributing consumer education materials amongst teachers and other professionals, aimed inter alia at improving the digital literacy of young
3. 1. 5 Education and knowledge dissemination 7 3. 1. 6 Self-regulation 7 4 Alternative and online dispute resolution 7
4. 2. 1 Knowledge and Education 8 4. 2. 2 Stimulate education accessibility 8 4. 2. 3 Self-regulation 8
5 Data protection and e-privacy 8 5. 1 The position of Ecommerce Europe 9 5. 1. 1 General 9
5. 2. 1 Knowledge and education 10 5. 2. 2 Self-regulation 10 6 Electronic signatures and e-identification 11
6. 2. 1 Knowledge and education 11 POSITION PAPER 4 1. Introduction E-commerce has enabled consumers to access goods and
3. 1. 5 Education and knowledge dissemination •Provide free, accessible and clear information for SMES
4. 2. 1 Knowledge and Education •Improve knowledge amongst both merchants and consumers about the possibilities of ADR/ODR
5. 2. 1 Knowledge and education •Both consumers and merchants need to be educated on
6. 2. 1 Knowledge and education •Provide an overview of (trusted) e-Identification mechanisms for merchants and consumers
ï Considerable cuts in public spending on consumer education and protection 3 of 16 II. EU POLICY RESPONSE TO CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS FOR CONSUMERS AND COMMERCE
Finally, there is a shortage of skills and proper education programmes to ensure that every European citizen is comfortable in the digital environment and businesses
and better security education of consumers 1. 7. FREEDOM TO TRADE (OR NOT It is essential that businesses retain the freedom to choose in which markets he/she chooses
there is a lack of specific education on all levels for e -learning, e-literacy and e-skills.
of education that will strengthen consumers competences and correspond with business needs 16 of 16
Education and the business environment are crucial to making technology work ICT development is only one of the important factors
education, significantly affect its ability to harness the full benefits of technology. At a firm level, the survey
education. France and the Mediterranean rim countries tend to underperform across most infrastructure and enabler categories,
Availability of good ICT education in primary and secondary schools 33 Availability of specialist high tech qualifications in further and higher education 10
Availability of good ICT education in primary and secondary schools 43 Other 0 leased-line market, then local access markets, to new
The importance of the education variable is very strong, whereas it was not significant in the
Education and training 3 Electronic and electrical equipment, household goods and products 3 Transport 3
Availability of good ICT education in primary and secondary schools 33 Initiatives to encourage technology transfer from universities 29
Availability of good ICT education in primary and secondary schools 43 Government schemes to promote universal access to PCS and Internet 41
Education, technology and connectedness Global societal trends to 2030 Thematic report 2 Veronika Horvath, Jeremy Ghez, Dmitry Khodyakov, Ohid Yaqub
education, technology and connectedness. Other themes studied as part of this series include the rise of the global †middle classâ€, the
Chapter 4. Education will have to address challenges posed by the financial crisis, emerging technologies and the net generation...
4. 2. Uncertainties about the effects of a global education and e-skills...25 Chapter 5. Technology will continue to enable democratic change and impact on governmentsâ€
report focuses on education, technology and connectedness. The overall findings from the analysis may be viewed in the Synthesis Report (Hoorens et al.
This Research Report presents the reader with findings on education, technology and connectedness, as well as on their impact on the EU landscape, including potential policy challenges for the next 20 years
political participation and education could be overcome (see discussion on e-participation and e-learning below).
Chapter 4. Education will have to address challenges posed by the financial crisis, emerging technologies and the net
education, by country in the EU-27, in 2011 Source: Eurostat, 2012b 4. 1. Is the net generation changing the way we teach and learn
the course of the project has focused on the demand for a novel paradigm for provision of education made
suggest that the demand for ICTS in education by young people is not increasing as dramatically as these
Education is likely to become an increasingly critical national and personal asset in a globalised labour
potential of network technologies for education (Daniel 2012; Kop 2011. Similarly, informal education offered through platforms for user-generated content is enabled by technological progress (Facer &
4. 2. Uncertainties about the effects of a global education and e -skills Although the globalisation of education and the diffusion of e-skills are projected often to be associated
with better labour market prospects for graduates, some of the literature has forecast a potential effect to
Despite the decreasing affordability of education, increasing unemployment caused by the financial crisis has led to increases in the number of students enrolled in higher education institutes as
education is seen as an alternative to unemployment. The composite effect of rising unemployment and tuition fees, however, has contributed to exacerbating inequalities in access to higher education (see Figure
technology use may be crowding out traditional forms of education in favour of informal and online
(or the problem) in the way education is delivered 5 UIS interactive map on global education flows http://www. uis. unesco. org/EDUCATION/Pages/international-student-flow
-viz. aspx 26 Chapter 5. Technology will continue to enable democratic change and impact on governments†relationships with
education will have increasing impact on access to education and outcomes Technological progress and growing degree of
interconnectedness, fiscal constraint, limited ability to change educational systems, skills demand, net generation Number of students
Transforming the delivery of education and training: Au Press, 2009 Altman, R c. 2009.""Globalization in Retreat:
â€oethe causal effect of education on earningsâ€, in: Orley C. Ashenfelter and David Card, Editor (s), Handbook of Labor Economics, Elsevier, 1999, Volume 3, Part A, Pages 1801-1863
Cobo, C.,Shaping 21st century and exploring trends for the coming education, Oxford Internet Institute
Their Education Abroad and FDI Flows,"2010 http://citeseerx. ist. psu. edu/viewdoc/summary? doi=10.1.1.228.2481
Education and the Transition to the Labor Market, TIES: The Integration of the European Second Generation, Migration Policy Institute, 2009
Future scenarios for education in the age of new technologies,"Futurelab: Opening Education Series, 2007
Dadush, U, . and S. Ali, The Transformation of World Trade, Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010
Interactive Media in Education, Vol. 3, 2012 Dao, M. C, . and Loungani, P.,â€oethe Tragedy of Unemploymentâ€, Finance and Development, December
Dunn, Samuel L,"The virtualizing of education,"Futurist, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2000, pp. 34-39
the EU-25 Member States on pensions, health care, long-term care, education and unemployment transfers 2004-2050), Special report.
Eurydice, Integrating immigrant children into schools in Europe, European commission, Education Audiovisual and Culture Executive agency, 2009.
http://eacea. ec. europa. eu/education/eurydice/documents/thematic reports/101en. pdf Euwals, R.;Knoef, M.;
education and technology,"Journal of computer assisted learning, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2010, pp. 74-93
. and S. Worku,"Assortative mating by Education and Postponement of Couple Formation and First Birth in Britain and Sweden,"Review of Economics of the Household, Vol. 3 2005
. and M. Rønsen,"The Multifaceted Impact of Education on Entry into Motherhood "European journal of population=Revue europeenne de demographie, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2005, pp. 31-49
integrating education and population,"Science, Vol. 333 No. 6042, Jul 29, 2011, pp. 587-592. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/21798940
-perspective-v-1-main-report-v-2-annexuresnational Education Association,"Access, adequacy and equity in education technology:
Results of a survey of America†s teachers and support professionals on technology in public schools and classrooms,"National Education Association, 2008
National Intelligence Council, Global Trends 2030: Alternative Worlds, National Intelligence Council NIC 2012-001,2012 NESSE, â€oeeducation and migration.
http://www. nesse. fr/nesse/activities/reports/activities/reports/education-and-migration-pdf 52 New york times,"U n. Affirms Internet Freedom as a Basic Right,"New york times blog, 2012.
††â€, Education at a Glance 2012, OECD, 2012b 53 ††â€, The Future of Families to 2030, Paris:
Migrant Education, 2010. As of 21 august 2014 http://www. oecd. org/edu/school/oecdreviewsofmigranteducation -closingthegapforimmigrantstudentspoliciespracticeandperformance. htm
the long†term impact of mobility experiences,"Intercultural Education, Vol 20, No. sup1, 2009, pp. 29-44
The Effects of Technology Use in Education,"The Global Information technology Report 2012,2012 Peichl, A.,Pestel, N,
††â€,"Implications of the shifting gender balance in education for reproduction in Europe
Implications of the shifting gender balance in education for reproduction in Europe, 30th november-1st december 2011,2011.
Education 41 (4): 415-441 van Deursen, Alexander, and Jan Van dijk,"Internet skills and the digital divide,"New Media & Society
International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology IJEDICT), 2008, Vol. 4, Issue 2, pp. 144-158
As far as improving education in health is concerned, ICTS are being used for sharing documents, simulations of health scenario planning, training
Effective mobilization and education can be attained through well-planned campaigns, multiple channels of communication community participation, media and through the delivery of content that is relevant to
support and monitoring of immunization activities, planning. decision making, education and disease surveillance 156 IJEDICT Potential benefits provided by ICT in healthcare
important actors which are mentioned not in this table (Ministry of Education and Research, Ministry of Industry);
budget of Ministry of Education and Research, Ministry of Industry 23 Firms that applied for support
education with worldwide presence. Our mission is to enhance the management capacity of professionals and organizations in and for emerging economies and
We also included the education level of owner/manager to control 14 for differences in the ability to absorb
7. Education of owner/manager 2. 85 0. 53 Ju Hi scho ol Bache -lor
Education of owner/manager 0. 22**-0. 08 0. 01 0. 21*0. 18 *Firm Size-0. 78 0. 35***0. 21**-0. 14-0. 17
variables, we find that education of the manager has a positive impact on performance, while
Education Gulati, R. 1999. Network location and learning: the influence of network resources and firm
Pearson Education. Inc TÃ dtling, F.,Lehner, P, . & Kaufmann, A. 2009). Do different types of innovation rely on
prepared by the Ministry of Education, seeks to adapt vocational training to the new economy and new
with entrepreneurship, education, and employment; and the lack of a workforce strategy tied to business cluster strategies
more focused forms of cooperative education programs ensuring that the students being trained in the universities are familiar with the kinds of technical problems that local firms must overcome.
ï Refocus entrepreneurship education along the models of the best business schools, trying to attract immigrants and to exploit the advantage of Andalusia†s geographical location
ï Establish cooperative education programmes engaging university students in alternating work terms with study terms throughout their undergraduate degrees
This will include involvement in future cooperative education programmes and retention of talented foreign students from local universities in technology parks
The importance attached to education provision and educational attainment acquires a premium in relation to the economy.
forces (education and experience) might be more appropriate for encouraging adaptiveness to entrepreneurship. Experience also generates other intangible assets,
performance in R&d and innovation, education, and employment. Nevertheless, thanks also to generous support from the EU Structural Funds, the performance of Andalusia in most of these
students leaving education with the lowest compulsory degree is also among the highest in the country
outlines the complex landscape of education and training, and entrepreneurship training specifically, in Andalusia. Though the system is hampered by many redundancies in training programmes,
particular focus on the role of education and labour policy in regional innovation. We first examine debates about human capital generally, then turning to the debates about labour market preparation for
capital as not just education and training, but also skills developed through experience and understanding that comes with age,
Human capital that combines education and experience gives employees the adaptiveness so key to entrepreneurship (Wright, Hmieleski, Siegel and Ensley, 2007.
university education (Junta de Andalucã a, 2009. In a decade (1999-2009), Andalusian universities lost 46 852 students.
while locals who do obtain a college education often emigrate to Madrid Barcelona, or other EU destinations
The local landscape of education and training related to entrepreneurship and SMES The educational system in Andalusia is currently experiencing a restructuring that will affect not
only the future of education and human capital in the region but also the entire Andalusian system of
Three important processes will be framing the landscape of training and education in Andalusia in the next decade:
of education, training and innovation policies at the regional level in an attempt to shift the Andalusian
landscape of training and education in Andalusia and how these processes might change it Restructuring of the education/training system
The arrival of democracy in Spain in 1975, as well as the political decentralization processes that followed in the 1980s
The Ministry of Education; the Ministry of Employment; and the Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Science
Education and Science was created to manage the education and training system in the region, both at
the education agenda in the region. On the one hand, the decrease in the population under the age of
25, due to the declining birth rate in post-Franco Spain, has shifted the focus in education from
increasingly shape education and regional economic development policies. The 2003 Plan for the Second Modernization of Andalusia revealed the regional government†s focus on promoting scientific
and non-university education were separated in the Andalusia government, with vocational training and non-university education remaining in the Ministry of Education.
The idea was to use universities as innovation and economic development tools and facilitate a shift towards an economy based on
education (partly), and integration of immigrant workers Figure 8. Regional Agencies involved in human capital development
alternative to the Baccalaureate and university education. Managed by the Regional Ministry of Education, it includes skills training of one-two years for youth unable to graduate high
school, high school graduates, or older students with some college education or a degree ï Vocational training for employment (Formaciã n Profesional para el Empleo or FPE) serves
either dislocated or incumbent workers. Initially conceived as an employment policy, it is now managed by the Regional Ministry of Employment in coordination with the Ministry of
Education. Unions also collaborate in the training of workers with the Ministry of Employment 6
by the Ministry of Education, seeks to adapt vocational training to the new economy and new demand
This overview of the landscape of education and training in Andalusia suggests several opportunities to build upon.
Spanish Minister of Education discourse in the Congress on February 2010, available at http://www. educacion. es/horizontales/prensa/discursos/2010/02/comparecencia-discurso. html
Entrepreneurship education The EU generally lags in entrepreneurship education, and Andalusia is no exception Twaalfhoven and Wilson, 2004.
Different public and private actors in Andalusia from across the regional innovation system promote entrepreneurship education in the region (see Annex 1). While
the university offerings focus mostly on connecting high-tech workers and start-ups to entrepreneurship skills, a variety of other programs help traditional businesses and low-skilled workers
regional actors do in the field of entrepreneurship education and training Public universities Universities support entrepreneurship in four ways:(
business and executive education. This is especially true for the top schools situated in Madrid and
quality education in business and entrepreneurship and even more so at the graduate level. Economics and business administration departments in public universities are disconnected often from the local
They also have a very extensive catalogue of entrepreneurship education. For youth, their training programs promote entrepreneurship culture in primary schools, high schools, baccalaureate
employed people (in collaboration with the Ministry of Education) and inspiring young people to become self-employed entrepreneurs.
Opportunities in entrepreneurship education Andalusia has a significant infrastructure for entrepreneurship training in place, providing a
already engaged in entrepreneurship education, from special workshops to support for MBA PROGRAMS to internship programs at the technology parks.
entrepreneurship, education, and employment; and the lack of a workforce strategy tied to †clusterâ€
training and education. While hiring Phd-level workers might be key for highly innovative companies
from the Ministry of Education in 2004, and the Ministry of Economy merging with Innovation and
Education and the Economy, 2007 Limited synergies between cluster strategies and workforce strategies Finally, in part because of this agency balkanization, the region†s cluster strategy lacks strong
coordinated with sectors, for instance The english and entrepreneurship education available at technology centres like the Andalusian Stone Technology Centre.
Despite the challenges †the redundancy in overall education and training system, the lack of
make is to become the glue that binds the separate pieces of the education and training system and
education program, i e.,, the project-based learning model (Rasmussen & Sørheim, 2006. Programs at
Directorate for Education Programme on Institutional Management in Higher education Madsen, H.,Neergaard, H, . & J. P. Ulhã¸i. 2003.
National Center on Education and the Economy, 2007, Under One Roof: New Governance Structures for Local Economic and Workforce Development
Action-based entrepreneurship education. Technovation 26, 185†194 Saxenian, A. 1994. Regional advantage: Culture and competition in Silicon valley and Route 128
education degrees and few of them had R&d departments. Among the remaining 305 firms that
focused forms of cooperative education programs which could ensure that the students being trained in the universities are familiar with the kinds of technical problems that these firms must overcome.
Promote cooperative education programmes The second recommendation concerns ways to expand the current number of trainees in the
It should be noted that a formal cooperative education program goes beyond merely placing student trainees with firms for a limited period.
A cooperative education program usually involves engaging university students in alternating work study terms throughout the course of
education program. This could accomplish several purposes at once. It could improve the quality of human capital working in the firms by providing them with technically trained university students;
education program with some of the universities and innovative companies as a means to strengthen
The Cooperative Education Program at the University of Waterloo Description of the Approach The second learning model provides more details about the University of Waterloo†s cooperative
education program and particularly, the crucial role that it plays in the local innovation system.
largest cooperative education program in the world, with over 11 000 students (60 percent of the
The Centre for the Advancement of Coop Education (Watcace) was established in 2002 to provide a research capacity to identify
and disseminate best practices in co-op education Many of the larger Waterloo firms, as well as global ones, have deep and enduring links with the co
Plan, called for a new type of education to be offered on a cooperative basis with industry.
education, especially in the sciences and engineering by giving the students hands-on experience working in firms to complement their classroom time;
between students and local and non-local industry through the Cooperative Education Program Nelles, Bramwell and Wolfe, 2005
coop education initiative in finding the work placements for students For further information http://www. cecs. uwaterloo. ca/about
The goals required investment in research, education transportation, renewable energies, and employability The renewed Lisbon Strategy was based on a set of 10 interventions
Invest more in human capital through better education and skills The recent global crisis has
given the education levels and other limitations, there is a need for broader support to entrepreneurship and job creation
including education, vocational educational training, self employment, assistance to all forms of start-ups, not only those connected with
by the new Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Science and the Ministry of Education to develop
approaches to education and training, community enterprise, business start-ups, development funds and the many other areas for action which this strategy has embraced.
knowledge-based economy put a premium on education; as a result, the regional government should
education and technical skills to entrepreneurship and innovation is appreciated not sufficiently in the region; iii) entrepreneurship education is still at an incipient stage,
in spite of the wide offer of training programmes for entrepreneurs The number of Andalusia†s people aged between 25 and 34 with university and post-compulsory
education degrees increased between 1998 and 2007 from 25.2%to 32.6%,with Spain moving over
being prepared by the Ministry of Education, is looking at closer co-operation with firms, and as part
Entrepreneurship education is not as strong in the region as it could be expected, given the
report prepared by the Andalusia Ministry of Education for the OECD underscores that there is not
ministry of education should also be sought as the main government body responsible for vocational training in the region
ï Refocus entrepreneurship education along the models of the best business schools, trying to attract immigrants and to exploit the advantage of Andalusia†s geographical location
ï Establish cooperative education programmes engaging university students in alternating work terms with study terms throughout their undergraduate degrees
This will include involvement in future cooperative education programmes and retention of talented foreign students from local universities in technology parks
the impact of culture, education and environment. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 17,15-35 147 LÃ pez Rodrã guez, J. and Garcã a Rodrã guez, R. 2005.
The Journal of Education Research, 99,323-337 Slater, S. and Narver, J. 1995. Market orientation and the learning organization
%Education 7 %Insurance 7 %Healthcare providers 6 %Retail 5 %Transportation 4 %Utilities 3 %Media 2
technology centres, financing institutions) and other stakeholders (e g. from education, the broader public The report is organised along KETS.
diffusion of existing technologies, improving skills through education and training, learning from good practice-KETS are more likely to result in a leap upwards in efficiency levels
can be reinforced by adaptations of the education, innovation, production and policy system to the specific needs of the leading technology sector.
supply, and education and training activities (see OECD, 2009c). In some KETS, Member States have developed national technology strategies, particularly in nanotechnology and
coal crisis (1960s) and the oil crisis (1970s) made it necessary to refocus on education and
The Ministry for Education and Research also has strong patent laws in place to ensure that utilisation opportunities are realised. 12
The German Federal Ministry for Education and Research supports the development of nanotechnology competence centres by installing sufficient
sponsors R&d project through its federal ministry of education and research, and on an European level, the European commission funds nanotechnology research through its
with the knowledge cluster initiative from MEXT (Japan†s Ministry of education, culture sports, science and technology) to support universities and research institutions in their
and regions. 29 MEXT (education, culture, sports, science and technology) and METI (economy, trade and industry) are the main funding ministries
MEXT (Japan†s Ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology) implemented several measures to promote basic nanotechnology research and the development of practical
Ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology) and METI Japan†s Ministry of economy, trade and industry) are the main funding ministries,
infrastructure for nanotechnology research and education networks; and support the consideration of environmental, health and safety issues associated with nanotechnology
Since education typically focuses on imparting knowledge from specific and established scientific or business fields, people who integrate skills from
Department for Education and Skills (Dfes) plays an important role in university policy and funding in relation to biotechnology.
The education standards (widely recognised university qualifications) and (technical) training might be also contributing to create shared values and
higer education institutes and training facilities, research institutes and labs Institutions Highly regulated industry as chemicals play
In Germany, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF supports certain fields of material technology and selected main areas of chemical technology in differently oriented
and enable education and further training on a project-specific level (see Schumacher et al. 2007
Education and collaboration between research institutions and companies play a key role within the action of this programme (see Foresight
-east Asian countries) to catch up with Western economies in education levels System failures that hinder KET development
Strengthening cross-disciplinary education is a main challenge here. A likely shortage of skilled labour should be tackled through both
education and immigration policies -A vital venture capital market is important for commercialising research results in KETS
research, innovation, education, competition, industry, taxation, health and environment References EN 351error! Unknown document property name.
BMBF (2002a), FÃ rderkonzept Nanoelektronik, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Bonn Federal Ministry of Education and Research
BMBF (2002b), Fà rderprogramm Optische Technologien, Optische Technologien †Made in Germany, Bonn: Federal Ministry of Education and Research
BMBF (2003), Framework Programme. Materials Innovations for Industry and Society †WING Bonn: Federal Ministry of Education and Research
BMBF (2005), From the Transistor to Dresden Advanced Mask Technology Center †Nanoelectronics for Mankind, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Bonn:
Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF (2006), The High tech Strategy for Germany, Berlin: Federal Ministry of Education and
Research BMBF (2007), Optische Technologien †Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung in Deutschland, Bonn/Berlin BMBF European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO
EN 352error! Unknown document property name. EN BMBF (2008), Weiã e Biotechnologie †Chancen fã r neue Produkte und umweltschonende Prozesse
Federal Ministry of Education and Research Luxresearch (2006), The Nanotech Report, New york: Lux Research Inc
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011