October 2014 INTERREG IVC analysis report Innovation capacity of SMES Credits Experts for thematic capitalisation on the innovation capacity of SMES
Engineering from the University of Porto (1989) and a Master†s in Marketing by IEP/ESADE (1999
Innovation, Research and Competence in the Learning Economy), Lund University, Sweden, 2012 6 †Community Framework for State Aid for Research and development and Innovation†published in the Official Journal of the
projects with universities and technology Centres, and innovation financing •Weaknesses in networking •Lack of internal research capabilities
University City Regions Enhancing the cooperation between businesses and universities Innovation Systems IPP http://www. i-p-p. eu
/Interregional Partnership Platform Supporting innovation intermediaries Innovation Systems KNOW-MAN http://www. know -man. eu
enterprises (notably SMES) and external knowledge/research providers (universities, R&d service providers or private consultants), in a small-scale approach targeted to the needs of individual
companies and university •DISTRICT+46 o Net of Competence: Universities and enterprises network to increase technology
transfer •MINI-EUROPE47 o Genomnanotech: Setting up of a technology transfer office and innovation
of innovation oriented R&d at universities is very important. The commercialisation of these R&d results is essential as well.
and universities can cooperate and develop products/services/technologies together. This increases the regional and national competitiveness of the country.
University of Debrecen, one of the most rapidly developing knowledge centres of the Eastern -Central-European region.
system at the University of Debrecen o Setting up a Knowledge and Technology Transfer Office at the University of
Debrecen, which became a significant player of the innovation system in Hungary o Enhancing R&d intensive investments in the à szak-Alfã ld region in cooperation
It also facilitates a link between universities and businesses converting scientific knowledge into economic activity, and leading to the creation of a
itinerary for the consolidation of a spin off, with Universities and Research Centres. Other key features are the complete and professional assessment of the projects and the joint monitoring
collaborating entities composed of the universities of Andalusia, CSIC (Spanish Council for Scientific research), CTAP, FIBA, ISAPA and FSP
-graduate training programme established at the Donau University Krems o Grant for the project and innovation assistant-related consultancy
processes and internationalization such as economic development agencies, universities investors and aspiring entrepreneurs. Its purpose is to â€oedevelop and prioritise new policies that
business application which brings together people from businesses, universities, research, and finance & technology organisations to stimulate innovation through knowledge transfer.
Regional and local development agencies, Public universities etc Indicators-as of end 2013 Outputs Results
•SME innovation projects with universities and Technology Centres (lack of research capabilities •Innovation financing
research output from universities directly to SMES, through the support to the employment of young
professionals and recent university graduates as innovation assistants in companies, with responsibilities for the development of innovation processes.
the School in Business Economics and Law at the University of Gothenburg allows master students in
11 Greece University of West Macedonia, Research Committee, KOZANI 67 The project addressed the general issue of EU businesses†limited competitiveness and innovation
development agencies, universities, investors and aspiring entrepreneurs. Its purpose is to â€oedevelop and prioritise new policies that promote
oriented R&d at universities is very important. The commercialisation of these R&d results is essential
ny Pà ter Programmeâ€, the industry and universities can cooperate and develop products, services & technologies together.
researchers of the University of Debrecen, one of the most rapidly developing knowledge centres of the
University of Debrecen -Setting up a Knowledge and Technology Transfer Office at the University of Debrecen, which
became a significant player of the innovation system in Hungary -Enhancing R&d intensive investments in the à szak-Alfã ld region in cooperation with Innova
•Technology transfer services and other SMES/Universities joint R&d collaborative programmes or business cooperation
•Development of programmes that will enable universities, R&d and SMES to apply together for
but also universities and research centres should be engaged. Engaging them will not only allow policy makers to develop a deeper insight
ECOOM-Centre for Research & development Monitoring at Leuven University Here, the role of government intervention is important
Manuel Desantes from the University of Alicante Articulation between smart specialisation and cluster policy Clusters are important building blocks of a smart specialisation strategy. 3 Indeed,
by the changes of the profiles of regional universities. In the case of advanced regions with a very strong
firms, public research institutions and universities (OECD, 2011 In the main, the smart specialisation approach suggests regions, especially those regions
government, universities and firms) collaborative initiatives and public-private partnerships to strengthen the region†s economic and innovation base
The universities dealing with economics, public policy and administration, and specific policy areas e g. industry, health, agriculture, environment and culture) can play a crucial role during the process of
collaboration between Universities and Business in curricula design and curricula deliver may ensure that graduates have the right skills
Changing the role of regional universities: In the region of Malopolska, the emergence of fast-growing
pharmaceuticals has been supported by the changes of the profiles of regional universities. Regional universities are also engaged in many initiatives aimed at addressing the main challenges in traditional areas of regional specialisation
e g. mining and clean coal technologies Abandonment of failure programmes: In Lower Austria, two cluster initiatives which initially enjoyed public support
Successful mobilisation of the resources of the universities may also have a strong positive effect on the achievement of comprehensive regional strategies (EC-IPTS (2011
universities and institutions of research, innovation and creativity complement the market know-how of business entrepreneurs with sound expertise for the skills, scientific and technology frontiers
performance-contracts, to mobilise universities and research institutions to deal with their regional habitat in a strategic
ECOOM-Centre for Research & development Monitoring at Leuven University In order to help policy makers to have a broader picture on national or regional specialisations
ECOOM-Centre for Research & development Monitoring at Leuven University Additional limitations to data analyses arise when considering that regional internationally
cross-technology activities (e g. university level training in mechatronics in Upper Austria as a reaction of a new specialisation evolving from machine building
9 For example, Universities can provide private and public authorities both with strategic advice and experts to work
The role of Universities as a critical'asset'of the region may be even higher in the less developed regions, where private sector may be weak or relatively small, with low levels of research
Among the mechanisms by which universities can contribute to regional innovation systems are: i) stimulating the entrepreneurial spirit of its staff and students;
See also EC-IPTS (2011) †Connecting Universities to Regional Growth: A Practical Guide†http://ipts. jrc. ec. europa. eu/activities/research-and-innovation/documents/connecting universities2011 en. pdf
EC-IPTS (2011) †Connecting Universities to Regional Growth: A Practical Guide†A guide to help
improve the contribution of universities to regional development, with a view to strengthening economic social and territorial cohesion, in a sustainable way:
University Press Hansen, M. T. andj. Birkinshaw, J. 2007), †The Innovation Value Chainâ€. Harvard Business Review June
www. econ. cam. ac. uk/faculty/chang/pubs/DPRLIN -Changdebate. pdf OECD (2009), †Regions Matter:
University Press Mccann, P. and R. Ortega-Argilã s (forthcoming 2013),"Smart Specialisation, Regional Growth and
internationally recognized top-research teams active in the 5 universities of the region. Furthermore, one of Europe†s largest University Hospitals is located in Leuven
Gasthuisberg), with a strong expertise in complementary fields within the other three University hospitals in the region.
The clinical infrastructure in the region is a third outstanding trump card. Finally, Flanders has a relatively strong position in terms of biotech and pharmaceutical companies,
research centre, during the course of the OECD-TIP exercises, a wider set of stakeholders †universities
research community (imec, VIB and the Catholic University of Leuven), a dedicated centre for bringing
institutes and universities that work in this field. Most notable are the University of Gent with a strong
group in the biotech sector, as well as the strategic research centre VITO, that conducts sustainable technology research of many kinds.
universities and research institutes is probably not yet high enough to meet the needs of the envisaged
academic research there are some small pockets of mostly basic research at various universities but no
TTR ELAT is populated a densely high-tech knowledge region with more than 10 universities and an annual R&d expenditure of EUR 4 bn
the value network includes a number of renowned universities (Eindhoven, Tilburg, Maastricht and Leuven) and research institutes of which Holst Centre, Leuven-based IMEC, TNO and the Dutch
complementary from a specialisation point of view, with a strong public R&d and university cluster. With the launch of the 2010 joint action programme, ELAT is set up as a regional initiative carried out by
supported by research institutes and universities and in broader interaction with civil society •Future challenges:
and attract universities, research institutes and service agencies. Four local universities or their affiliated campuses, nine research institutes/local branches of government research
institutes and seven public service agencies are the driving forces to induce and promote local photonics industrial cluster.
infrastructure and regional institutions and provided support to local actors including universities, research institutes and firms.
network of industry, universities and research institutes emerged through project implementation. At the regional, national and international levels, issues were found for cluster promotion such as intensifying
General Secretary of Universities, Andalusian Ministry of Economy, Innovation, Science and Employment Definition of the ecosystem and its boundaries
from the Universities of Seville, Pablo de Olavide, Cádiz and Cà rdoba. There are nonetheless several other
AICIA (Association of the Seville University School of Engineers), Andalusian Institute of technology (IAT, regarded as a centre for knowledge management
Technology (IAT) and the Andalusian Universities of Seville and Cádiz, are among the most proactive
individual or group) at the Technological Centres, Parks, Universities. IDEA Agency also manages a Financial Engineering Andalusian Funds, regionally funded, with a wide range of financial tools.
•University and industry linkages: There is a clear need for promoting university research and university researchers within the entrepreneurial activities of the technological Parks and Centres
Importance to incorporate Phds at the entrepreneurial and industrial level •Better industry-public strategy support alignment:
There has been no formal agreement between the Regional Administration and the aerospace cluster on common strategies.
research institutions such as, Istanbul Technical University, Uludaä University, Gebze Institute of Technology, TÃOEBÄ°TAK Marmara Research Centre and Automotive technology R&d Centre etc.
Turkey, and a member to be appointed by a university to be designated by the Council of Higher education.
Innovation, University and Skills †whose responsibilities now fall under BIS€ s remit) will be referred to as being part
contains Monash University, a Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO laboratory complex and a strong private sector presence specialising in advanced manufacturing
•Monash University has initiated also a cluster type initiative on its Clayton campus, the Monash Science Technology Research and Innovation Precinct (STRIP.
Monash University has launched also the John Monash Institute which aims to assist industry in the MSE region by connecting businesses
Monash University, the Cooperative Research Centre for Polymers, the Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, the Australian Synchrotron and the Small Technologies Cluster.
Swinburne University of Technology is located also on the regions periphery Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem
to encourage SMES to employ recent university graduates in order to strengthen their technological and innovation capacities.
These are †intrapreneurs†with a university background managing innovation projects tailored to the specific needs of the SME (Priedl 2011c
University a publicly funded academic university is located in the region of Upper Austria. In Upper
The share of the (JKU) university is relatively small since the JKU does only get 5%from the total Austrian university budget, whereas Upper Austria
produces more than 25%of Austriaâ's technology exports Regional Upper Austrian R&d intensive important industry sectors are â€oeautomotive†(with leading
underfunded university sector compared to the economic and industrial strength of Upper Austria; 34 ii) underdeveloped (public) research sector, however growing;
a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations. Research Policy 29: 109 123 EURADA-NEWS Nr 339 †8. 12.11, European Association of Development Agencies, Association
Vienna University of Economics and Business, Institute for Regional Development and Environment INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
Charles University, Dept. of Social Geography and Reg. Development, Prague Regional, national and international policies that have been decisive for prioritization of domains
the new RIS SM, representatives of the Regional Government, the city of Brno, universities and
i) the creation of a joint technology transfer centre for all universities and other research organizations in the region;
Marge Seppo and Urmas Varblane, University of Tartu, Estonia and Karin Jaanson, Ministry of Education and Research, Estonia
MEAC, Estonian Development Fund, University of Tartu (TIPS programme) are the initiators of the analysis, but also other ministries, industry representatives,
representatives from universities, polytechnics and also private companies. Altogether almost 300 regional decision-makers participated in the workshops.
cluster strategy and not having a university of its own. These characteristics have been reflected in weaker
have provided, for example the opportunity to create an entirely new way of implementing university policy through networklike operating models which focus specifically on research transfer, a key factor to
Tailored university expertise focuses specifically on the needs of its own region without fragmenting the university sector,
and it can be tailored precisely to the needs of current business life without requiring the entire university sector to change
In the Päijã¤t-Häme case, the combination of inefficiency caused by the isolating nature of the cluster
Lappeenranta University of Technology Lahti School of Innovation hosts a research team which is the leader in Finland in innovation environment research.
Institute of Design, Lahti university of Applied science Practice-based innovation activities †key organizational playerâ€
The capital region hosts many internationally renowned universities as well as research institutes such as Fraunhofer and Max Planck institutes.
University of Science and Technology in Krakã w. The partners of the project are from the
including the Jagiellonian University, the University of Agriculture in Krakã w and the first technology park dedicated to life science in Central and
National Louis University and medium-sized enterprises predominantly from the regions of Maå opolska, Silesia and Mazovia.
universities e g. the Jagiellonian University, the AGH University of Science and Technology, and the Cracow University of Technology.
Besides, onet. pl, and interia. pl have their headquarters in the Maå opolska Region (onet. pl is the biggest Polish webportal;
•The role of universities in supporting transformation of regional economy: The example shows that important role in transformation of regional economy has been played by regional
universities, especially in the fields such as: ICT, multimedia and life sciences. Regional universities are engaged also in many initiatives aimed at addressing the main challenges in
traditional areas of regional specialisation i e. mining (clean coal technologies) or chemistry foundry and steel industries (new materials, ICT
Furthermore, almost all public university activities are covered by a single entity: the University of the Basque Country, EHU, with a high degree of autonomy.
This means that in the field of public governance, the clear leadership of the Basque government should also consider the need to
coordinate research and innovation strategies with the Provincial Councils and the University of the Basque Country
ii) University strategies (University Plan 2011-2014; iii) Crosscutting strategies; and iv) General strategies, mainly the Business Competitiveness Plan 2010-2013, the 2015
iii) Public funding of R&d provided by the University of the Basque Country; and iv) public funding of
sector (basic public education, public colleges and universities), there is a limited capacity in the regulation of research activity,
of autonomy of the University of the Basque Country. From the point of view of management, these
Basque public bodies, including universities. On the other hand, different entities and agencies of the Science, Technology and Innovation Basque are configured structurally to perform relevant functions for
ii) The University of the Basque Country, for coordination between scientific activities and Government; iii) Mondragon University, for the purposes of coordination
between businesses and university activities; and iv) The vocational training centres for the purpose interaction between business and technology development
Measuring the effects and impacts The financial goal established by the Basque government aimed to reach 3. 00%GDP in R&d
Expenditure on R&d performed by universities as a share of GDP number of people employed in R&d;
and research, including universities and research centres, allowing a better use of public resources. This probably requires a redefinition of public
Patries Boekholt, Technopolis, Philip Mccann and Raquel Ortega-Argilã s, University of Groningen and Alessandro Rosiello and Michele Mastroeni, University of Edinburgh
This chapter presents the synthesis of the 17 case studies on smart specialisation strategies in 12
Other obvious assets are the research and technology competences in companies, universities and research organisations.
chapter points to the need of engaging all entrepreneurial actors including firms, but also universities and
including universities or research centres. Rigidity will require strong methods of measurement and ex ante evaluation of potentials, based on
universities and research centres should be engaged. Engaging them will not only allow policy makers to develop a thorough insight in the matches
sector (e g. universities, research and technology organisations or innovation and design centres concentrate expertise on a region†s specific knowledge profile.
regional universities or from international R&d partners •Do local universities supply regional enterprises with ample graduatesâ€
or do regional employers need to look abroad for qualified personnel •How do you assess the climate for entrepreneurship in your region?
Are people (incl. young people, university graduates, etc. keen to start up their own business or do they rather prefer jobs in established enterprises or public
in joint ventures with universities and technology centres of the region Assessment of the status and potential of the science/knowledge and creative industries sectors
•Which lead institutions in the science/knowledge and creative sector (i e. universities, research and technology organisations, innovation & design centres) are situated in your region?
graduates/engineers/professors moving easily between universities and firms and back? Do universities train scholars and graduates to become entrepreneurs
•Does current academic education fit to the needs of the regional economy †do regional
universities, joint research infrastructures, and/or pro-active technology transfers, contract research, living labs, student placement schemes, brokerage and technology demonstration
events, share of regional business representatives in university management boards? Which sectors are most active in this respect
Universities, research and technology organisations, innovation & design centres that are shaping the regional knowledge base
universities) primarily represent academia in this paradigm. However, educational institutions at other levels are precluded not from contributing to,
Patries Boekholt, Technopolis, Philip Mccann and Raquel Ortega-Argilã s, University of Groningen and Alessandro Rosiello and Michele Mastroeni, University of Edinburgh
Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania inst. manager@gmail. com Professor Ph d. Popa Ion
Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania popaion 2000@yahoo. com Professor Ph d. Dobrin Cosmin
Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania cdobrin@yahoo. com Abstract†Romania, a New Member state of European
Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania cnicolescu@yahoo. com Assistant Ph d. S. Ceptureanu Sebastian
Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania ceptureanu@yahoo. com Assistant Ph d. S. Ceptureanu Eduard
Management Faculty Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania eduard ceptureanu@yahoo. com that innovative efforts within SMES were especially
Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe Corresponding author: Rangarirai Mbizi Abstract When the SME competitive advantage is based on the knowledge as is the case in the knowledge
Activities, University of Technology Malaysia, Malaysia Essentials, 1999. Entrepreneurship development, 2: 1 http://www. essentials-on
University, Cranfield Rogers, E. 1983. The Awakening Giant: Continuity and Change in ICI, Oxford, Basil
Department of Innovation Studies, University of Utrecht, P o box 80125, NL 3508 TC Utrecht, The netherlands Received 26 february 2001;
accepting his professorship in †Cultural Industry†at the Erasmus University, Rotterdam Paul Rutten stressed this analysis in his †The Future of the Imagination Machine.
and universities as well, being asked to account for themselves more specifically. Justification is expected often in terms of contributing towards
back to those university groups operating at the absolute forefront of science. Many other university researchers will see an increase in the number of requests to set out
what they are able to do for the economy and the society of the future As a follow-up to the above, there is the demand for management of the knowledge
The increasing trend for universities being expected to account for themselves is only one manifestation of an expansive phenomenon that is emerging in the international
This gives rise to a dilemma for universities and public research organisations 42 Universities, because the demand for more specific orientation towards the problem in
question calls for a multidisciplinary approach, while at the same time they are under a great deal of (scientific) pressure to score in the mono disciplines.
-sessment), Dissertation, University of Twente, 1994 36 J. W. Schot, Constructive technology assessment and technology dynamics:
Free University, Kerckebosch, Zeist, 1991 38 J. Grin, H. van de Graaf, R. Hoppe, Technology Assessment Through Interaction, Rathenau Instituut, W57
at the opening of the academic year, Utrecht University, 1999 52 K. Kelly, New Rules for the New Economy, Viking Books US/Forth Estate, UK, 1998
Long-term Foresight Studies in Policy Exercises), address Tilburg University, Samson H. D. Tjeenk Willink, 1993
Debating technologies, Dissertation, Tilburg University, Tilburg Univ. Press, 1997 58 J. Dijck, Ondernemen tussen vermarkting en vermaatschappelijking (Running a Business Between Com
-mercialisation and Communalisation), Farewell speech, Tilburg University, 2000 59 W. van Rossum, Innovatie en de ontwikkeling van bedrijven (Innovation and the Evolution of Businesses
University, Tilburg Univ. Press, 1994 61 B. Martin, Foresight in science and technology, Technol. Anal.
University, Heerlen, 1995 (course book 64 Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs, Industrie-en dienstenbeleid (Industrial and Services Policy
65 F. Bongers, Participatory policy analysis and group support systems, Dissertation, Tilburg University, yet to be published, 2000
Innovation Processes†of the Department of Innovation Studies of the University of Utrecht. His major research
which involve universities, public R&d laboratories and firms. The aim of this policy is to enhance the
districts, universities and research institutions in -volvements are stronger. 1 In spite of these initiatives, one must not forget
-tutions (university, engineering school, technical col -lege), research institutions (CNRS, INRA, INSERM and CEA. Individual inventors and designers are the
school/university †0. 213 (0. 587) †National research centre †â'1. 9709â â (â'3. 096) â'1. 8226â â (â'2. 997
were discussed also at the seminars at the Universities of Orlã ans (LEO) and Strasbourg (BETA.
University Press, New york, pp. 159†178 Dosi, G.,1988. Sources, procedures, and microeconomic effects of innovation.
1depaul University 2, 3washburn University, 1700 SW College avenue, Topeka KS 66621 USA 1harold. welsch@depaul. edu;
2david. price@washburn. edu; 3michael. stoica@washburn. edu Abstract-The paper investigates the relationship between SME innovation, growth intentions and performance of small firms, by
As a result, global buyers instead of universities are gatekeepers of knowledge This enhances the likely impact of global value chains on the level of innovation
handicrafts), 2 staff of a financial institute and 2 university staff were interviewed. The information was counterchecked with information from active members of associations and
Out of Asia as †the university of craftâ€. Firms that entered more specialized market niches noted
a university teacher: I joint Out of Asia in 1998. There were not many trading companies at the
Universities 1, 9 1, 4 1, 9 1, 6 Finance Institutes 2, 1 2, 2 2, 7 2, 2
university graduates are trained not in market-oriented industrial design. 2) Number of departments. Having marketing,
Î'1 University dummy 1. 953 Î'1 Role in value chain (nominal) 0. 554
provided by the government in association with university staff and associations. In addition, many entrepreneurs train their own staff,
%Universities 6, 5%0, 0%9, 1%3, 0 %Business ssociations 10,0%0, 0%0, 0%3, 1
The main knowledge institutes are universities, especially the institute of arts (ISI. Universities are debit to the quickly growing absorptive capacity of firms, as many staff
graduated from one of the 70 universities. They are seen as too theoretical to directly benefit the
sector, but all universities increasingly pay attention to entrepreneurship and community services. At ISI, students can choose between more artistic and more commercial art studies.
But their role in innovation interactions is limited to teaching. There is no joint design development or
Gadja Mada University from 1980 and was graded the best student of my year. I wanted a
first university graduate starting a business, at least ten years before a host of other university
whose entrepreneurs have a university degree (table 15). Firms with a medium level of absorptive capacity have a much lower innovation level than those with a high
University education (dummy) 15%63%68 %Global Value Chain characteristics Exporters(%)0%46%79 %Relational value chain(%of firms) 72%64%81
HIS Erasmus University Rotterdam: Rotterdam Gereffi, G. 1999. International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain.
University Library Groningen Ismalina, P. 2011. An integrated analysis of socioeconomic structures and actors in indonesian industrial clusters:
University Library Groningen Ivarsson, I, . and C. G. Alvstam. 2010. Upgrading in global value chains:
United nations University-Maastricht Economic and social Research and training centre on Innovation and Technology, 2008-044
for Industry and SME studies, Faculty of economics, University of Trisakti, 4 Tambunan, T. 2006. Transfer of technology to and technology diffusion among non-farm small and medium enterprises in
Center for Industry and SME Studies, faculty of economics, University of Trisakti, 3 Tambunan, T. 2005. Promoting small and medium entreprises with a clustering approach:
Lecturer, ISI (university of arts), Yogyakarta Ahmad, Director, Siji, Yogyakarta Ahmed Assegaf, Director, Tropical Handicrafts, Yogyakarta
Nurul Indarti, Deputy Director Academics and Research, faculty of economics and Business, University of Gadja Mada Pandit Pintoro, Director, Narti†s Silver, Yogyakarta
Poppy Ismalina, Director, Faculty of economics and Business, University of Gadja Mada Priyo Salim, Director, Salim Silver, Yogyakarta
University, Yogyakarta Triningsi, wife and business partner, Doni Silver, Yogyakarta Tumijo, silver artisan, Katogede, Yogyakarta
*Universities, 319**,272**,301**,351**1, 279**-043,141 Finance Institutes, 267**,326**,298**,308**,279**1, 166,025
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