Management, School of business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg The panel would like to thank all those who participated in the online consultation from July to
universities and public research centres to be more open and international The ideas in this report were created co
Andreas Pyka, Professor in Innovation Economics, University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim; President of the Lisbon Civic Forum
1 Prof Henk Volberda, University of Rotterdam, presentation to Netherlands Centre for Social Innovation 2 The Social Economy in the European union:
University training must also shift from management of existing organizations to the new styles and structures required for
learning in universities and colleges Why smart grids Smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers
developed by small companies and universities typically remain undervalued and underutilised From innovation unlimited â€oethere is no evidence to suggest
A proper market for IPR will allow universities, public research organisations and small companies to fi nd
It is intended that the Fund will buy patent licences from public universities and research centres, organize patent clusters,
which will begin testing the operation with volunteer universities and research centres The necessary tools to develop exchanges
universities, as well as large companies Such openness and collaboration is required in an early stage of ideas, to identify problems and
systems of laboratories, universities, research institutes art schools, corporations, public administrations professions are no longer a viable approach for future
•Stimulate universities and public research centres to be more open and international, reforming incentive
We benefi tted from the university and teaching perspective from our rapporteur, and a wealth of policy knowledge from the Commission and various
School of business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg 30 Mandate of the panel Context DG Enterprise and Industry of the European commission is currently developing ideas for the future
provide funding to universities and fi rms to fi nd technological solutions In the last decades,
University Press The Economist (2009. Schumpeter: Taking fl ight. Schumpeter Column September 17th, 2009 Edler, J. and L Georghioiu (2007.
University Press Freeman, C. and C. Perez (1988. †Structural crises of adjustment, Business cycles and Investment
Andreas Pyka, University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim; President of the Lisbon Civic Forum â€oefor the fi rst time the social dimension of Europe is recognized as a source of innovation,
stakeholders (universities, industry, governments and innovation users) is key to generating new opportunities, creating wealth and employment and providing a
fields of universities, research and business In the second half of 2013, this draft version was revised to incorporate the suggestions
hubs (universities and technology and research centres) which foster innovation For more detailed analysis, see the document â€oeanalysis of Leading Sectors and
universities, etc. that are representative of the outstanding science and technology sectors in Catalonia RIS3CAT communities,
organisations, universities, research centres technology centres, foundations and institutions linked to R&d&i, associations and other organisations
associated foundations, university groups and other public or not-for-profit organisations in the science
Support for university groups focuses on marketing their technological services and the results of their research, with the goal of promoting the third and fourth university missions, capitalising on
public investment in the research system and promoting its transfer to the economic system The RIS3CAT framework supports platforms specifically designed to implement the technologies
Universities, research centres, technology centres companies and business associations Government of Catalonia, State, European funds
universities and research centres to be transferred to the business fabric The RIS3CAT strategy provides incentives to encourage business demand to adopt differential
ï§To help adapt university degrees to the needs of the production system ï§To increase the number of researchers of excellence in the R&d&i system
Universities, research centres, Catalan public authorities, the education system, business associations and other organisations Government of Catalonia, European funds and
The investment and knowledge of universities and research and technology centres can be capitalized through technology mechanisms such as the establishment of new, technology-based
research and valorisation units and university groups Government of Catalonia, State, European funds and other public/private sources of finance
technology centres, universities and R&d centres) take part in such processes, which often acquire a global dimension.
Catalan public authorities, universities, research centres, technology centres, companies and business associations Government of Catalonia, State, European funds
universities as drivers for development in the territory. Such actions focus on -Identifying a smart specialisation opportunity based on differential assets in the territory
cluster organisations, universities, research centres technology centres and other bodies in the territory European funds and public/private sources of
establish †at universities, research and technology centres, etc. †a framework of regulations and
Catalan public authorities, universities, companies business associations, organisations and research and technology centres Government of Catalonia, State, European funds
with universities and business schools 3. Tools and Policies 53 P. 4. 3. Social innovation Social innovation can be defined as a series of cooperation processes aimed at improving or
administrations and universities Financing ï§To support strategic change in companies ï§To promote business and public-private cooperation
present in curriculums for vocational training, university degrees and MA courses related to the production sector, so that future professionals can internalise innovation an habitual process for
Company-university and company-vocational training centre cooperation programmes enable students to develop projects with companies,
Further advances should also be made in the process of modernising the universities so that they adapt to the knowledge society,
ï§To help adapt university degrees to the needs of the production system ï§To increase the number of researchers of excellence in the R&d&i system
Universities, research centres, Catalan public authorities, the education system, business associations and other organisations Government of Catalonia, European funds and
The Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, which is responsible for distributing funds for research through public and competitive calls for
stakeholders (universities, industry, governments and innovation users) is key to generating new opportunities, creating wealth and employment and providing a
fields of universities, research and business In the second half of 2013, this draft version was revised to incorporate the suggestions
hubs (universities and technology and research centres) which foster innovation For more detailed analysis, see the document â€oeanalysis of Leading Sectors and
universities, etc. that are representative of the outstanding science and technology sectors in Catalonia RIS3CAT communities,
organisations, universities, research centres technology centres, foundations and institutions linked to R&d&i, associations and other organisations
associated foundations, university groups and other public or not-for-profit organisations in the science
Support for university groups focuses on marketing their technological services and the results of their research, with the goal of promoting the third and fourth university missions, capitalising on
public investment in the research system and promoting its transfer to the economic system The RIS3CAT framework supports platforms specifically designed to implement the technologies
Universities, research centres, technology centres companies and business associations Government of Catalonia, State, European funds
universities and research centres to be transferred to the business fabric The RIS3CAT strategy provides incentives to encourage business demand to adopt differential
ï§To help adapt university degrees to the needs of the production system ï§To increase the number of researchers of excellence in the R&d&i system
Universities, research centres, Catalan public authorities, the education system, business associations and other organisations Government of Catalonia, European funds and
The investment and knowledge of universities and research and technology centres can be capitalized through technology mechanisms such as the establishment of new, technology-based
research and valorisation units and university groups Government of Catalonia, State, European funds and other public/private sources of finance
technology centres, universities and R&d centres) take part in such processes, which often acquire a global dimension.
Catalan public authorities, universities, research centres, technology centres, companies and business associations Government of Catalonia, State, European funds
universities as drivers for development in the territory. Such actions focus on -Identifying a smart specialisation opportunity based on differential assets in the territory
cluster organisations, universities, research centres technology centres and other bodies in the territory European funds and public/private sources of
establish †at universities, research and technology centres, etc. †a framework of regulations and
Catalan public authorities, universities, companies business associations, organisations and research and technology centres Government of Catalonia, State, European funds
with universities and business schools 3. Tools and Policies 53 P. 4. 3. Social innovation Social innovation can be defined as a series of cooperation processes aimed at improving or
administrations and universities Financing ï§To support strategic change in companies ï§To promote business and public-private cooperation
present in curriculums for vocational training, university degrees and MA courses related to the production sector, so that future professionals can internalise innovation an habitual process for
Company-university and company-vocational training centre cooperation programmes enable students to develop projects with companies,
Further advances should also be made in the process of modernising the universities so that they adapt to the knowledge society,
ï§To help adapt university degrees to the needs of the production system ï§To increase the number of researchers of excellence in the R&d&i system
Universities, research centres, Catalan public authorities, the education system, business associations and other organisations Government of Catalonia, European funds and
The Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, which is responsible for distributing funds for research through public and competitive calls for
•Limited spending on R&d, mainly in universities, both on economic and human capital •Innovation indicators in companies below the national average
â Meetings with experts, universities, research centres, clusters companies, chambers of commerce â Public consultation
Two universities European Northern Observatory (IAC), Oceanic Platform (PLOCAN), research centers, new technology parks†â Fiscal regulation (lower taxation
universities CARACTERIZACIÃ N DE LA PYME CANARIA METODOLOGÃ A COTEC 1. 400 CUESTIONARIOS CÃ MARAS DE COMERCIO
ï Promote interaction among firms and with universities and research centers ï Linked to universities and business clusters
ï Preferential access to funding instruments trough the technology parks program â Fuerteventura: mainly devoted to renewable energies and water
Universities...78 Digital Agenda for Europe...81 Key enabling technologies...86 Cultural and creative industries...
such as in universities or public research institutes. Collaborative projects with local firms can help to reveal information about the future
In this case, links between local universities and strong public-private partnerships are the types of strategies that may be essential for smart
Specialisation, Regional Growth and Applications to EU Cohesion Policy',Groningen University 15 existence of industries that are in tune with the relevant socioeconomic conditions and can
account innovation opportunities identified by leading actors (companies, universities intermediaries, etc. Mixing regional experts with international experts helps to give more
Potential actors relevant to the RIS3 process span from public authorities to universities and other knowledge-based institutions, investors and enterprises, civil society actors, and external
authorities, universities and other knowledge-based institutions, investors and enterprises, civil society actors, and international experts who can offer benchmarking
a leading role in connecting their universities to the worlds in and beyond their regions.
University of Tampere, Work Research center, Working Paper No. 85 (Final Report on Quadruple Helix Research for the CLIQ
and its significance for universities businesses and the regional economy, would do much to promote a skill set that is critically
Getting firms, universities, development agencies and regional governments to accept that innovation is a collective social endeavour †where participants freely acknowledge that
bodies, especially universities, development agencies and regional governments. Learning by doing will help these public sector bodies to appreciate the needs of firms, but more formal
Under such a programme, universities, development agencies and regional governments could jointly identify a project to explore the prospects for related variety in the regional economy
alliance between universities, development agencies and regional governments Finally, as the original RIS programme took consensus-building seriously,
universities, the development of the region will not be their primary focus. While regional public authorities do have a territorial responsibility,
In this respect, universities can be critical actors How does regional funding fit into this multilevel system?
companies, universities, transfer institutions, business intermediaries, local and regional authorities, national bodies, the media, etc. have a different understanding and expectations
•Co-funding of universities: institutional and competitive •Funding research and technology centres •Public-private partnerships for innovation
•Technology transfer instruments (university technology transfer offices, technology brokers at research centres •Talent attraction (from country and abroad
universities/research centres Increase in research expenditure in firms increase in patents or publications Improved innovation performance
•Universities-enterprise cooperation •Digital agenda •Key enabling technologies •Cultural and creative industries
Connecting universities Key enabling technologies Research infrastructures Cultural and creative industries Innovation PP CO 2 ne
besides the location factor, often in close proximity to a university. They provide the necessary
Universities Why should universities be part of smart specialisation In the framework of the Education, Research and Innovation triangle, the so-called knowledge
triangle, universities71 have a crucial role to play in creating knowledge and translating it into
mobilisation of the resources of universities can have a strong positive effect on the achievement
Universities dealing with economics, public policy and administration, as well as those dealing with specific policy areas (such as industry, health, agriculture, environment and culture) can
Universities are a critical'asset'of the region, mainly in the less developed regions where private sector may be weak or relatively small, with low
which universities can contribute to regional innovation systems. Universities can, for instance, stimulate the entrepreneurial spirit of their staff and
students, provide advice and services to SMES, and participate in schemes promoting the training and placement of high level graduates in innovative businesses.
Universities and Businesses should directly cooperate in curricula design and curricula delivery to ensure that graduates have the right skills and transversal competences.
cooperating with the educational side of Universities, talent attraction and retention would be enhanced in the region.
Universities can also play an important role in the field of vocational training Barriers and challenges
Improving the contribution of universities to regional growth by implementing such mechanisms requires the interconnection of the partners in the innovation systems.'
internal to the university and involve the capacity to †reach out†to the wider region (i e. supply
) For instance, universities are focused usually on teaching and research (driven by academic outputs) and are part of national academic systems that are targeted not to respond to
As a result, some universities are viewed as being'in'the region but not'of'the
71 The term'university'includes all higher education institutions, in line with the Commission's Communication on the modernisation agenda for universities COM (2006) 208
79 These barriers can also be linked to the capacity and willingness of the public and private sector
actors in the region to'reach in'to the university to seek expertise and knowledge that can
Universities will appreciate the opportunities that their regions present for their activities as'living laboratories'opened to
Universities and other knowledge institutions should be linked closely to the process of designing national/regional innovation strategies for smart specialisation.
cover these aspects with an emphasis on connecting universities to regional growth and developing stronger partnerships within the knowledge triangle.
these processes, see the practical guide'Connecting universities to regional growth'that presents processes and delivery mechanisms for building capacity and incentives for universities and their
regional partners to work together. Based on examples, it explores the following issues •establishing a regional higher education partnership to better understand the regional
•ensuring mechanisms allowing universities and business in the region to cooperate in curricula design and in jointly delivering education in an innovative way, fostering
•assessing the connectivity of the universities to the regional public and private sectors to
move towards a situation where universities are key players •selecting, designing and evaluating interventions that strengthen the connectivity of
universities in the region to the region, by moving from simple to complex projects In the future programming period 2014-2020, support under the European Agricultural Fund for
Rural Development (EAFRD) could be provided to Universities in the following areas •Knowledge transfer and information actions for the provision of vocational training and
and among other actors (including Universities) that contribute to achieving the objectives and priorities of rural development policies (e g. pilot projects;
universities could also take part References The European commission promotes several support tools at European level. These may serve
•EU Guide'Connecting universities to regional growth':'Available on the website of the Smart Specialisation Platform, 72
•University Business Forum: A platform to promote cooperation between HEI and businesses at European level, 73
industrial value chains across the EU, including technology developers (universities, research and technology organisations), start-ups, SMES and manufacturers.
public-private partnerships and joint ventures, research institutes, universities, science and technology parks, and research infrastructures (covering suppliers, the infrastructures
enhancing R&i infrastructures, the modernisation of universities and research organisations as well as developing technology auditing, international partner search and information campaigns to stimulate
Universities Digital Agenda for Europe Key enabling technologies Cultural and creative industries Internationalisation Financial engineering instruments
Universities Digital Agenda for Europe Key enabling technologies Cultural and creative industries Internationalisation Financial engineering instruments
statutory funding authority for the universities, institutes of technology and a number of other designated institutions and is the advisory body to the Minister for Education and Skills in
Current proposals are around developing regional clusters of universities and institutes of technology in the South, Midwest, West,
funding organisations active in the thematic area and representatives from the university sector, the institutes of technology sector and the enterprise sector.
Universities to ensure that best use is made of research outputs with commercial potential 23 •Supports High Potential Start up Companies defined as a company based on
clusters and strategic inter-institutional alliances technological university proposals Reporting on implementation of NRPE •Minister Sherlock presented a first progress report on implementation to the Cabinet
statutory funding authority for the universities, institutes of technology and a number of other designated institutions and is the advisory body to the Minister for Education and Skills in
Current proposals are around developing regional clusters of universities and institutes of technology in the South, Midwest, West,
funding organisations active in the thematic area and representatives from the university sector, the institutes of technology sector and the enterprise sector.
Universities to ensure that best use is made of research outputs with commercial potential 23 •Supports High Potential Start up Companies defined as a company based on
clusters and strategic inter-institutional alliances technological university proposals Reporting on implementation of NRPE •Minister Sherlock presented a first progress report on implementation to the Cabinet
14 companies, 4 universities, 12 research institutes, 2 public athorities, 8 cathalist organizations, 2 associations and 1 entreprenurial
at University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary medicine, The Zootechnical Research Center, The Research Platform for Aquaculture and Ecology, Vegetable Genetic Resources
Biologic Research Institute, Antibiotics Research Institute, Medicine and Farmacy University UMF †Gr. T. Popaâ€),
nononcological and oncological pains, a Biology Faculty inside the University †Alexandru Ioan Cuzaâ€, a Regional Oncology Research Institute and a County Clinic and Emergency
joints 14 companies, 4 universities and research institutes, as well as cathalist organizations From the perspective of the academia and research composition, the region has a PHD
school inside the Authomatics and Computer Faculty of the †Gheorghe Asachi†University another one inside the Electronics, Telecommunications and Information technology
Systems and Biomedical Engineering, research units in the field at the University for medicine and Pharmacy †GR.
specialties and thematics of the courses introduced in schools and universities ï support for educators in familiarizing with new trends and technologies in priority
universities •Global Value Chain analysis The panels working on candidate smart specialization fields followed a set of criteria in
including private ones), universities, strong business innovators, regional development agencies, and even a few business angels
-around 90 Romanian universities, both public and private 4 World Economic Forum, The Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014,2013, p. 26
publications per researcher is now well above (around 2x) the EU average, with universities leading the way,
1 The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, lavricvictor@yahoo. com 718 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8th INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE
between business, public entities and knowledge institutions (universities and research institutes working together to identify not only a region†s most promising areas of specialization, but also the
strategy, as they are the primary institutional partners for universities, other research and education institutes, and SMES
prominence of its universities. There are seven public universities in the West Region, out of which four
are based in Timisoara, one in Arad, one in Petrosani, one in Resita, and Politehnica University has a
branch in Hunedoara. In addition, there are seven private universities, which are located in Timisoara Lugoj, Deva and Arad.
Specialization areas of these higher education institutions vary, but the region is particularly strong in natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, food engineering, agriculture
years of age (Figure 7) the West far outperforms most peers in university enrollment, although it is
striking just how strong of a magnet Bucharest has become for the country†s university population.
The West Region is recognized as having a strong set of universities and hosts a large student
Despite a relatively significant number of universities and good university enrollment rates the region faces important shortcomings at all levels of training and skills development
University Economic Research Forum 32 The original classification includes an extra segment, machinery and equipment,
University of Colorado 44 Box 1-High Value Added Manufacturing in the West Region Continental purchased the existing Siemens VDO business in 2007,
university graduates into the labor force, avoiding common problems of mismatch between educational supply and labor demand and overeducation.
universities (as well as vocational training facilities) and employers. It may also pay to make strategic investments in promoting disciplines
the university curricula (including a focus on presentation skills), as part of incubator services, or be provided to entrepreneurs through specialized programs at the local level
collaboration between the private sector and research institutions (universities and RDIS), the West Region could establish technology transfer offices (TTOS),
either as part of universities or industry -specific. TTOS could help identify research projects with commercial potential and carry academic ideas
promote applied research in universities and RDIS. Second, in order to alleviate the burden of acquiring intellectual property protection for inventions, co-financing of patent applications could provide support
permanent partnership between universities, R&d centers, and industry, working together to increase regional competitiveness. Building on the existing innovation support structure (TEHIMPULS) 43, the
and veterinary sciences are areas of strength of the West Region universities 60 IV. 3. 4. ICT
universities Unexploited export opportunities with Serbia. Taking better Support innovation in the industry especially as food engineering
Region universities Establishment of an agro-food market center including a regional accredited laboratory for food
local universities, while enjoying the benefits of a EU location Expansion of services offered by
Major local universities have started to invest in technology transfer, but such investments are still at early stages.
University graduates need to be better trained on how to apply theoretical knowledge. Firms often have difficulties finding graduates to meet
industry and universities must be improved. This can be attained through public-private partnerships on R&d collaborations or by adjusting the school curriculum to respond to industry needs.
programs and partnerships with local universities. These efforts must be scaled up and should encompass local firms,
university graduates would strengthen the region†s comparative advantages. While partnerships between private and education establishments,
promoting private sector collaboration with universities and RDIS V. 3. Optimum policy mix and possible budget requirements
Major universities in the region have started to invest in technology transfer, but such investments, and need to be exploited better
and Politehnica Universities and the Research Institute for Symbolic Computation at the Johannes Kepler University in Linz.
The institute has ongoing projects with private partners in Austria, Germany and Romania. Another example of the recent efforts to foster collaboration between universities and the
private sector are the agriculture extension services provided by the Banat University of Agriculture and Veterinary medicine (this project was initiated with a contribution from World bank MAKIS project
funding in 2008 162. Collaboration between companies in the West Region is limited and should be
The partnerships between universities research institutes and private enterprises, especially the large ones, which have substantial growth
training providers (schools, universities or vocational training centers) in order to identify and promote those projects that fit with the needs of the local economic actors
investment priority is the rehabilitation, modernization, development and expansion of pre†university university education and continuous vocational training infrastructure
182. Soft Measures such as educational and vocational training programs have to be properly sustained by the educational infrastructure and proper endowment of schools and
and equipping of pre†university, university education and continuous vocational training infrastructure National, local and EU funds
pre†university, university education and vocational training infrastructure List of preselected projects identified in the Regional
universities. The local universities are especially strong in natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, food engineering, agriculture,
as well as medical and veterinary sciences. Due in part to these advantages, the region has experienced rapid economic growth
sciences are areas of strength of the West Region universities; and establishment/improvement of vocational school focused on agro†food industry†relevant training with appropriate technical facilities
education system by adjusting university curriculum to the specific needs of the sector and by providing training programs to develop
Details about the pilot green energy project managed by the Polytechnic University Timisoara and ICER †TM, for
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