-teractions and future benefits of learning about the product are relatively more important to explain consumption of more complex content.
in learning. In that case, a more complex expertise function is necessary. We note that both lit
-ledge is limited to the degree of complementarities with other types of learning as often found with family firms.
-ployees to actively participate in learning and effective knowledge sharing. Importantly knowledge resources are socially complex
The accumulation of knowledge is important early in the life cycle of firms as it can establish sustainability through its characteristics (West and Noel
a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128†152 Covin, J,
some of its implications for research in the areas of family business and organizational learning. Entrepreneurship
Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, 35 1504†1511 Dubini, P,
The effects of knowledge-based resources, market orientation and learning orientation on innovation performance: an empirical study of Turkish firms.
) Exploratory learning, innovative capacity, and managerial oversight. The Academy of Management Journal 44, 118†131
with scarce experience in promoting collective strategies should encourage formal action learning programmes of the kind of the Place-Based Leadership Programme suggested in the European
Tools aimed at mutual learning across borders should be promoted. Beyond the participation in trans -national co-operation networks, where regional policy-makers can take profit from each other†s experience
and a more rapid accumulation of new knowledge (Parida et al 2012; Van de Vrande et al, 2009.
nonconventional lessons to promote entrepreneurial spirit, mutual-learning workshops, and internships for undergraduate and postgraduate students and academics in the private sector (particularly in SMES
through innovation hubs and other new modes such as collaborative doctoral programmes. Greater dissemination and communication of these experiences of promoting entrepreneurial spirit in universities
•Improving and developing study programmes (new curricula and modules), teaching quality, training of teaching staff at university, e-education (e-courses, study aids etc
increasing the choice of study programmes, or including a mobility element in joint regional short-term study programmes, are also direct benefits from cross
-border cooperation. However, a restraint for regional cooperation lies in the diversity of approaches and
postgraduate programmes that are deemed to be in areas of high importance nationally; e g. software engineering, renewable energies
leading to new partnerships in teaching, research and common use of infrastructure and accumulation of human capital.
housing and education) and opportunities for learning and employment 8 •Public sector Innovation †growing social needs, together with
of learning and eldercare to new ways to reduce waste, empower communities and transition to a low carbon economy †and there are many
organisations learning to renew themselves. The Internet came from within the US military and the early understanding of climate change from NASA
themselves in the business of learning new habits, rules, and ways of seeing and doing
•Learning and adaptation to ensure that the innovation achieves social impact and continues to do so as the environment around it changes
through networks which help to spread learning and best practice. One example is the sustainable urban development network URBACT,
including adults with learning difficulties, people with physical disabilities and people suffering from mental ill-health
small groups (Action Learning Sets) study their own actions and experiences in order to learn and improve their capacities.
the SSE€ s learning programme has been highly successful: roughly 85%of all organisations established whilst at the SSE are still in existence
Guide made up of Quality Standards and Learning Resources. Each school is provided with a range of supports which include branding, web and tech
sustain good codes of practice and influence policy in housing and the social sector. Resources available from Homeshare International include a directory
networks, lesson learning Law general regulation Reporting requirements metrics, audit 67 1%of total budgets for innovations
some experimentation and rapid learning Within any government we argue that social innovation should not be the
2. Learning about the users 3. Analysis 4. Idea and concept 5. Test of new concepts
American Government case studies including Milano Graduate school University of West indies, and the Hong kong Polytechnic University. The
young adults with learning difficulties or others focusing on the elderly or adults with physical disabilities.
use of the full range of learning tools now available. Thus, there are few developed channels for spreading skills, knowledge and experience
within the work place, for life long learning and adaptability, and the facilitation of mobility within sectors (particularly NGOS), not only benefits
•It provides a framework for learning about what works over time Conclusion Our specific recommendation is for the European commission to move
lesson learning. This has been a key weakness in some past programmes -Experimenting with new models, such as an innovation
of learning, and sharing and disseminating best practice and new models Fundamentally, a more joined up, comprehensive, cross sectoral training
TAFTIE) should focus more on social innovation learning, and European Technology Platforms should be used to promote social innovation.
Available at http://www. gatesfoundation. org/learning/Documents/WWL-report-measuring -estimating-social-value-creation. pdf
The focus is now on monitoring and learning Main challenges •To foster interregional and international cooperation
and rapid learning that are accompanying the birth of this new economy. But we can be certain that its emergence will encourage ever more interest in how
and should evolve through shared learning. Social innovations often struggle against the odds †all of our chances of success will
range of visualisation techniques †such as mapping as a tool for learning about sexual health and reproduction,
Feedback loops are a necessary precondition for learning reviewing and improving. This could include front line service research
in areas like recycling, personalised learning in schools and self-managed healthcare, and are likely to be critical to future productivity gains in
7. Hattie, J. 2008) †Visible Learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to
Nooteboom, B. 2000) †Learning and Innovation in Organisations and Economies. †Oxford Oxford university Press
prison day and the role of the prison officer around an intensive learning programme. 1
A Learning Prison. The prison is divided up into houses (the image above is a cross section) with cells on the top three floors, a communal space on
and a learning centre in the basement. Image courtesy of Hilary Cottam, Buschow Henley, Do Tank Ltd
Appraisal (PRA) or Participatory Learning and Action (PLA. Robert Barcamp Vancouver, 2009. Participants decide on the programme and run
2002) †Learning Works: The 21st Century Prison. †London: Do Tank Ltd 2. See Boal, A. 1979) †Theatre of the Oppressed. †London:
that faster implementation would speed up learning. This idea has now 3 spread into service prototyping and the social field †and organisations
The combination of social learning and technological advancement that open testing demonstrates has many applications in encouraging sustainable and systemic innovation that is
adapting, listening, and learning. Management is not only about the 4 70 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION
promoted fast learning 165) Endorsement by regulators for example, the impact of NICE in increasing the pressure on healthcare commissioners to take up
through a series of events and learning visits 168) Global diffusion and encouragement, for example through GBUPA
environmental learning centre. Its purpose is to teach sustainable living practices, and operate a model organic farm.
packages and adaptation and learning processes are required for the generative diffusion of innovation. The NHS †Adapt and Adoptâ€
effectiveness, expertise, knowledge transfer, and learning. Collaboration can help institutions work better and grow †both in terms of size
Practice Guide†made up of Quality Standards and Learning Resources Members of the Network are supported also with branding, web and
229) Assessment as learning, including peer reviews and real time evaluation methods to promote cross-pollination such as NESTA€ s
digital learning environments such as colleges in second life 255) Comprehensive pilots, such as the Bastoey Island prison in Norway
series of learning events 272) Organising formal coalitions for change with explicit goals, and broadly agreed roles for different sectors †for example to create a
UK€ s biggest single source of carbon dioxide-for ten days of learning and sustainable living,
promote and disseminate learning and best practice. These are sometimes strongly promoted by funders †for example, the European Commission†s
allow fast learning across a community of innovators and establish clear pathways for scaling up the most promising models
296) Innovation learning labs. There are now a range of innovation learning labs within universities. Examples include the Innovation and
up separate initiatives, promoting learning and collaboration across This is the winning team from 2009†s Social Innovation Camp.
learning in action ††learning while doingâ€. They have proved an effective tool for practitioners in local government in the UK, where the IDEA€ s
305) Action learning sets are groups of between four and seven people who come together on a regular basis to reflect on their work, support
Entrepreneurs, where students are divided into action learning sets for the duration of the one year course
critical for learning, reviewing and improving. This can include online platforms to ensure rapid transmission of information.
321) Learning cultures. The biggest barrier to innovation is the lack of a culture of learning that rewards public agencies and public servants
for learning from their own mistakes, learning from other sectors, and learning from other places.
One feature of the most innovative public agencies is that they are comfortable adopting ideas from diverse and
Graduate school, University of West indies, and the Hong kong Polytechnic University. The Ford Foundation is a founding donor of the
398) Accreditation, search and recruitment of public innovators by commercial headhunters or government agencies. For example, with
practice, and collaborative learning. The idea has spread and there are now Room 13 studios in Mexico, Nepal, Austria, South africa, USA
in a learning session at the Roffey Park Leadership Retreat. Each Upriser presents on an issue affecting their local community
The learning programme is based on †learning through doing†and peer-learning 487) Mutual support networks such as Community Action Network (CAN
which promotes social entrepreneurship and social enterprise across the UK (see also method 466 3 SUPPORT IN THE MARKET ECONOMY 193
of life skills learning, the role of many of the social and educational services the arrangements for retirement and unemployment, the size and location of
a Health Information Accreditation Scheme in the UK which gives kite marks to organisations that produce information and moderate websites
support structures †such as reading groups, asthma networks, homework clubs, or gardening groups †as well as citizens engaging in formal activities
converged on Kingsnorth power station for a week of learning, sustainable living and climate action. The event was organised by Camp for Climate
modes of learning and innovation, e g. the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) mode based on the production and use of codified scientific and technical knowledge, and the
Doing, Using and Interacting (DUI) mode, based on informal processes of learning and experience-based know-how (Jensen et al. 2007
institutions and learning processes are of central importance (Freeman, 1987,1988; Freeman and Lundvall 1988. The concept was refined as †national innovation systems†(NIS
and localised learning (Lundvall, 1992), but became increasingly blurred due to business and technology internationalisation extending technological capabilities beyond national borders
innovation capability and competitiveness through technological learning (Doloreux and Parto, 2005), regional †technology coalitions†arising from geographical
Localized Learning and industrial Competitiveness Cambridge Journal of Economics 23,167-185 Mason, C. and Harrison, R. 1992.
technical and vocational qualifications are often more important with this respect Gray, 2006. Over 58 percent of the entrepreneurs participating in this study had not
Antonelli, C. and Queâ'reâ',M. 2002), â€oethe governance of interactive learning within innovation systemsâ€, Urban Studies, Vol. 39 Nos 5-6, pp. 1051-63
a new perspective on learning and innovationâ€, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35 No. 1, pp. 128-52
Interactive Learning, Pinter, London Macpherson, A. and Holt, R. 2007), â€oeknowledge, learning and small firm growth:
a systematic review of the evidenceâ€, Research Policy, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 172-92
Malmberg, A. and Maskell, P. 2006), â€oelocalized learning revisitedâ€, Growth and Change, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 1-18
Appropriateness of knowledge accumulation across growth studies†Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 105-23
requiring code of conducts, rules, and right, likewise 3 Generation Z represents the source and the target for what the Economist called
-plete a learning process as coping with IT complexity or in our case with Big data management and use by businesses.
In order to facilitate the automatic learning activity, all the sentences are converted into a numerical representation, which can refer to single words, sen
Natural language Learning (EMNLP-Conll)( pp. 1056†1064. Prague, June 2007 25. Thomas M, Pang B, Lee L (2006) Get out the vote:
find/use tools for their business tasks and continuous learning. Modern organ -isations should try to seize this opportunity in order to increase motivation of
Digital collaboration covers many fields such as learning, design, process management and e-commerce. This capability of digital collaboration is empow
or they had steep learning curves, especially for elderly communities who are uncomfortable with the advanced technologies
such as knowledge management, organizational learning and education. Cop can be used to serve one or more distinct purposes within an organization,
in the users and code of conducts, leading to habits suitable to preserve an orga -nization as well as individuals digital identity.
include business/IT participation, strategic dialogue, shared learning and proper communication Furthermore, De Haes and Van Grembergen 10 have proposed a maturity
much learning. The impact is intended as a measure of how much this innovation changes the established processes for the user,
Fast learning Yes User interface Good User experience Good Process impact Low User feedback Good (initial
Fast learning Yes User interface Good User experience Good Process Impact Low User feedback Very good
Fast learning Yes User interface Good User experience Very good Process impact Low User feedback Very good
Fast learning No User interface Good User experience Very good Process impact Medium User feedback Very good
Fast learning Yes User interface Very good User experience Very good Process impact Low User feedback Good
Fast learning Yes User interface Good User experience Good Process Impact Average User feedback Very good
Fast learning Yes User interface Good User experience Good Process impact Average User feedback Good  Wowâ effect Middle
Fast learning Yes User interface Good User experience Very good Process impact Low User feedback Very good
Fast learning Yes User interface Good User experience Very good Process impact Low User feedback Good
on current processes and the steepness of the learning curve; the perceived value of Table 10.19 Company
Fast learning Yes User interface Very good User experience Very good Process impact Low User feedback Very good
With an increased importance in lifelong learning and up-skilling the delivery of more flexible part-time courses is increasing in importance including new modes of course delivery using on-line learning tools.
Equally its†recognised expertise in innovative educational approaches such as multiple intelligence teaching and learning, work based learning and telehealth, assists local clinical services, both public and private,
young people who benefit from entrepreneurial learning develop business knowledge and essential skills and attitudes, including creativity, initiative, tenacity, teamwork
Learning about new application fields access to new markets and sales network to access the market
Graduate school of Business Administration It†s time for a fundamental change of thinking in Europe.
Economics, Grenoble Graduate school of Business France, and Instructor, Harvard university Extension School, USA Olaf Groth, Professor for Global Strategy, Innovation
will invest in co-learning/co-creation environments and competency development for project-focused networks and communities.
Economics, Grenoble Graduate school of Business, France and Instructor, Harvard university Extension School, USA Survey partners JA-YE Europe
Harvard Graduate school of Business Administration, USA Jim O†Connor Jr, Managing director, Chicagoland Entrepreneurial Center (CEC), USA
Entrepreneurship, Stanford Graduate school of Business USA Habib Haddad, Chief executive officer, Wamda, United Arab Emirates Jian Han, Associate professor of Management;
CMC Graduate school of Business Tomã¡Å¡Janä a, Executive director Czech Management Association Ivo Gajdoå¡,, Executive director
ESPAE Graduate school of Management, Escuela Superior Politã cnica del Litoral (ESPOL Virginia Lasio, Director Andrea Samaniego DÃ az, Project Assistant
Yoko Ishikura, Professor, Graduate school of Media Design Heizo Takenaka, Director, Global security Research Institute Jiro Tamura, Professor of Law, Keio University
Arthur Lok Jack Graduate school of Business Miguel Carillo, Executive director and Professor of Strategy Nirmala Harrylal, Director, Internationalisation and Institutional
Graduate school of Management, University of Zimbabwe A m. Hawkins, Professor Bolivia, Costa rica, Dominican republic, Ecuador El salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
exchange of learning among businesses and facilitates the development of new goods and services. High
the quality of education (40th) and innovation capacity 37th) to support the economic transformation of the country
concern is the mediocre quality of education at all levels 87th, down nine) and the still low level of technological
quality of education (134th), which is now not capable of providing the skills needed for a changing economy;
quality of education and level of domestic competition The country will need to enhance competitiveness to further diversify its economy
quality of education could be improved especially with respect to training in management (78th) and math and science (73rd.
for example, the quality of education seems to be improving. A major overhaul of the institutional framework and increased focus on the efficiency of the
Swan, T. W. 1956. â€oeeconomic Growth and Capital Accumulation. †Economic Record 32 (2: 334†61
for by the accumulation of physical capital and human capital. This methodology, however, cannot be used to
*B. Quality of education...33 %5. 03 Quality of the education system 5. 04 Quality of math and science education
Curtis Johnson Graduate school of Management at Cornell University, Bruno Lanvin at INSEAD, and Beã at
the quality of the educational system, the level of adult literacy, and the rate of secondary education enrollment Usage subindex
readiness, such as the quality of the educational system and the accessibility of digital content; into ICT usage such as capacity to innovate and the importance of
and in the quality of education in important areas for innovation, such as mathematics and science (39th could help Austria leverage its digital potential better and
improving the quality of the educational systems and of the scientific and technological base in the country, and supporting
some concerns about the quality of education (56th that†coupled with favorable conditions for innovation and entrepreneurship (14th) and a high capacity
Machineâ learning Speechâ recognition Textâ mining Videoâ analysis Contextualâ marketing Userâ activityâ tracking Real-timeâ analytics
university programs graduate with outdated learning by fostering and exploiting private contributions to the educational agenda.
5. 01 Quality of the educational system*..*286 5. 02 Quality of math and science education*..*287 5. 03 Secondary education enrollment rate...
5. 01 Quality of the educational system *How well does the educational system in your country meet the needs of a competitive economy?
5. 01 Quality of the educational system *How well does the educational system in your country meet the needs of a competitive economy?
Graduate school of Management at Cornell University New york. Prior to July 2012, he was the Roland Berger
CMC Graduate school of Business Tomas Janca, Executive director In collaboration with Czech Management Association Ivo Gajdos, Executive director
ESPAE Graduate school of Management, Escuela Superior Politã cnica del Litoral (ESPOL Virginia Lasio, Director Andrea Samaniego, Project Assistant
Yoko Ishikura, Professor, Graduate school of Media Design Heizo Takenaka, Director, Global security Research Institute Jiro Tamura, Professor of Law, Keio University
Arthur Lok Jack Graduate school of Business Miguel Carillo, Executive director and Professor of Strategy Nirmala Harrylal, Director, Internationalisation and Institutional
Graduate school of Management, University of Zimbabwe A m. Hawkins, Professor Bolivia, Costa rica, Dominican republic, Ecuador El salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
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