Mammals

Aquatic mammal (8)
Bats (13)
Bear (12)
Camels (1)
Canine (27)
Deer (8)
Equine (31)
Feline (54)
Giraffa (1)
Mammal (10)
Marsupial (4)
Pachyderm (93)
Primates (49)
Raccoon (2)
Rodent (103)
Ruminant (16)
Ungulate (1)

Synopsis: 4.4. animals: Mammals:

zero-energy system for keeping camel milk cool in soaring temperatures that commonly reach 45c (113 Fahrenheit).

he and other scientists are dreaming up ambitious plans to resurrect long-dead animals from pigeons to Tasmanian tigers and wooly mammoths.

From dogs to cows, scientists rushed to clone a menagerie of animals using Wilmut's technique, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT.

In 2007 Japanese scientists reported, first in mice and later in humans, that an adult cell could be reverted to an embryo-like stem cell.

Both feats have been accomplished in mice and they should be possible in other animals, scientists say.

As a first step, Ryder and a team of stem cell scientists have reprogrammed the skin cells from a northern white rhinoceroses named Fatu, one of seven still alive,

and from a drill, a monkey species that lives in tiny, dwindling pockets of west Africa.

And recently, scientists said they have created ips cells from a snow leopard. These cells are a long way from saving species,

I can think of that would prevent the extinction of the northern white rhino, Â Ryder says.

his team is using a similar approach to engineer mice with traits of naked mole rats. The odd-looking rodents live dozens of years instead of a handful like mice.

They are impervious to cancer and do not feel pain from acids. To endow ordinary lab mice with these traits Church will try to partially rewrite the genomes of mouse stem cells.

However, he admits that creating a passenger pigeon from the stem cells of an ordinary pigeon would involve a massive scale up of the same technologies.

Flash-frozen remains of wooly mammoths have been found preserved under the Siberian permafrost, and scientists hope their bones could be a source of DNA-containing marrow cells for cloning.

and predicted they would be able to clone a mammoth within 5 years. They hope to insert nuclei from the mammoth cells into egg cells from its closest living relative, the elephant,

and carry the mammoth embryo in an elephant's womb. However, some scientists have cast doubt about

whether this is possible. Hendrik Poinar, a palaeo-geneticist at Mcmaster University in Hamilton, Canada, and his team have uncovered similarly well-preserved mammoth bones and never found viable cells or nuclei."

"The likelihood of finding an intact cell that can be rejigged to life oe it's not that it's an impossibility oe

 Poinar says that genome engineering offers a more realistic shot at resurrecting woolly mammoths and other long-extinct species. Ten thousand-year-old cells and their nuclei may be degraded too to be used in cloning,

such as the Tasmanian tiger. These genomes exist in the form of computerised data, but they could serve as a blueprint for altering the DNA of a cell from a closely related species. For instance,

the code of a woolly mammoth's genome differs from an African elephant's by roughly 240,000 DNA letters out of a total of 4 billion,

An elephant ips cell engineered to contain those mutations would theoretically be capable of producing woolly mammoth sperm.

the woolly mammoth stem cells could be implanted besides an elephant embryo early in development, producing a chimera animal with some tissues made from elephant cells and others from mammoths.

In some individuals the mammoth cells would contribute to sperm or eggs, and these cells be used to create a genuine mammoth through IVF.

In the absence of a living mammoth, scientists are reconstructing some of its most vital components from DNA fragments to discover how it adapted to life at subzero temperatures.

Scientists could go one step further and test woolly mammoth red blood cells made from ips cells, Poinar says.

Reality check If the idea of mammoths roaming the Earth still sounds a bit farfetched, it should.

Resurrecting a mammoth or indeed any extinct species would require a dizzying list of technological leaps in genome engineering, reproductive biology,

For instance, a recent study found that making a chimeric rhesus monkey oe a process needed to resurrect a monkey species from frozen cells oe is much trickier than a mouse."

and asked Poinar to quit his academic job and work full time on bringing back woolly mammoths.

 Harvard's Church says his goal is not necessarily to fill the planet with mammoths

"If there's enough people enthusiastic about bringing an extinct species like a mammoth or passenger pigeon,

Fans voted for Jessica to go stag and thats how Reinbold-Gee wrote it. Textnovel, which is funded by contributions from its own members,

On Scribd. com, writers and digital packrats are building a huge swap meet for written works of every length, many

Steve Hundley dumped his Jaguar convertible. He stopped taking Baltic cruises. And he stopped buying his wife pricey jewelry.

500 for an outdoor artisan pizza oven. oewe dont need the Jaguar or cruises to the Baltic,

Fat cats who owe it to their grandfathers are not getting all of the gains, #Peter Lindert told me.

and Financial times columnist Martin Wolf, and leading them in discussion of matters ranging from global financial imbalances to the war in Afghanistan.

arguably the most coveted status symbol isn t a yacht, a racehorse, or a knighthood;

and almost all of the precise work is done by robots that string together solar cells and seal them under glass.

as it s known, this time with pointers on the elaborate etiquette of interacting with customers.

The Kindness Hack Researchers at Wharton, Yale and Harvard have figured out how to make employees feel less pressed for time:

Instead of short climbing walls, there should be towering monkey bars. Instead of plastic crawl tubes, there should be tall, steep slides.

or your spouse is allergic to dogs#you can t always have a pet around to improve your mental health.

Think of this as a wearable CAT scan system with variable-adjust focal point settings zoom powers down to a near-nano scale,

As a commercial for the Dodge Charger put it two years ago, #oehands-free driving, cars that park themselves,

like a baby giraffe finding its legs, then suddenly, confidently circles the field#s if guided by an invisible hand.

The attack came from Chrysler, the smallest of Detroit s Big Three automakers, in the form of a television commercial for the new Dodge Charger.

In the ad, the Charger is traveling through a long gloomy tunnel, the camera tracking with it.

They drove teams of horses, herds of goats, drifts of sheep. Animals, Smith argues, are autonomous.

Thus, in the eyes of the law, an autonomous vehicle is arguably similar to a horse-drawn buggy.

and oversight to guard against situations like a deer running into the road; the car must be able to hand back control with no warning.

They grew row crops-grain and corn,#oehad a couple of horses, occasionally had some cattle, but not usually,#Oster explained.

A 1973 NASA document summarizing the biological effects of vacuums on mammals gives you 10 seconds of consciousness

the rugged bags provide an airtight seal for long-term, pest-free storage. The Gates Foundation estimates that by using them,

when Mrs. Baird became disconsolate at discovering that rats had broken into the family s sole remaining bag of corn.

Corning, whose toughened Gorilla glass became the screen of choice for many smartphones, will provide phones with curved glass edges as soon as this year.

A Samsung concept shows off a tablet-sized screen that can be rolled up Even after the success of Gorilla Glass,

#Japanese scientists create 581 clones from the same mouse Scientists clone 581 mice from one mouse.

They have managed to push the technique to new limits by cloning 581 mice all from a single original cell.

scientists had established already a long history of cloning mammals. The first was a genetically identical mouse produced in 1979.

Shortly thereafter the first genetically identical cows chickens, and sheep were produced. What made Dolly a sensation,

scientist have used SCNT to clone other mammals including cat, dog, deer, horse, mule, ox, rabbit and rat.

the authors of the current work were able to clone a mouse to the sixth generation but just barely.

and cats went no further than the third generation. Frustrated scientists attempted to find out why successive cloning was progressively problematic.

For example, a series of cloned mice were shown to express an RNA molecule that inactivated one of the female s X chromosomes.

When the RNA molecule was removed cloning efficiency of the mice increased nearly ninefold. Based on previous work, the Japanese researchers sought to improve their cloning efficiency by using a chemical called trichostatin A that inhibits the powerful epigenetic protein histone deacetylase.

the inhibitor allowed them to produce 581 mice through 25 rounds of SCNT cloning. The mice were healthy

and were able to reproduce. What s more the cloning success rate did not decrease with each generation.

the technique opens up the possibility of cloning highly-valued animals such as prized cattle or racehorses,

#That s good news for those that have turned already to cloning to create a small pack ofsuper sniffing inspector dogs at airports,

cows that produced humanized milk, evenolympic horses. Cloning remains a young science and scientists no doubt have a long list of organisms they would like to clone.

Caribou Biosciences, to commercialize her work. In the short term, Church says, the potential of cas9 is that it could be used to study genetics in a way that was heretofore impossible.

But this is the kind of technology that one would use to bring back Neanderthals or, for that matter, mammoths, when their actual DNA is lost to time.

or an elephant (in the case of the mammoth) to match a prehistoric relative. If you want to bring back ice age animals,

So how long will it be before we see a revived version of the passenger pigeon (extinct in 1914), the Tasmanian tiger (extinct in 1936),

and the woolly mammoth (extinct over 3, 000 years ago) roaming the earth again? It will probably come as a surprise to most to learn that the first revival of an extinct species has occurred already.

when he recommended the slaughter of 40,000 elephants to help prevent desertification, only later to realize that elephant grazing itself was highly beneficial to thwart the encroachment of the desert.

Brand ended his talk with, #oehumans made a huge hole in nature, and we have a moral obligation to repair the damage.#

Our discussion ranged from robotic rats and sheep laterality to the advantages of GPS imprecision and the possibility of high-tech herds bred to suit the topography of particular property.

whether it s elephants in Africa or Hereford cows in Las Cruces, New mexico. You will have seen this,

When these kinds of systems have been built for dog training or dog containment in the past, they simply had a shock,

It s been done with rodents. The idea was that these animals could be equipped with a camera

Do you send rodents into it? You can see the moral and ethical issues that need to be worked out.

#Coordination with schools and literacy efforts Several libraries and schools have programs where children read to dogs,

such as the Fairfax Community Library s#oeread To A Dog#Program and the therapy dogs at the Princeton Public library.

#oelibrary staff present stories of grizzly deaths from Sacramento s past and a horror film is shown for those awaiting their turn on the tour.#(

Manatee County Public library, Bradenton, FL) Teen Battle of the Bands-The winning band will receive 10 hours of recording time at Clear Track and $1, 000 cash.

We have developed trunks that feature ungulates, bears, owls, creepy-crawlies, water, and tracks. Each of the trunks includes between 15#20 books on the subject,(both fiction and non-fiction;

and wildlife resources, such as grizzly hides, elk antlers, deer hooves, a number of rubber tracks, skulls, and more.

games and dances including Lion Dance, Gu Zheng Solo, Gong Fu, Chinese Yo-yo, Handkerchief Dance,

watching touristsdoing the horse thing and the market thing. She dreamed of staying here as an adult.

859 164 Costa Mesa, Calif. 110,322 160 Denton, Texas 115,098 160 Killeen, Texas 127,995 160 Lincoln, Neb. 259,218 156 Lubbock

Kansas 125,902 89 Arvada, Colo. 106,965 88 Downey, Calif. 111,807 88 Pembroke Pines, Fla. 155,578 88 Torrance, Calif. 145,443 88

. 101,339 68 Thousand Oaks, Calif. 126,570 68 Elk Grove, Calif. 151,639 67 Frisco, Texas 116,944 61 Naperville, Ill. 142,143 56

and her husband have named an English bulldog Winston, and she s editorial director at Bibliolabs, a small tech start-up that designs easy-to-navigate e-book lending websites for public libraries.

and even build large buildings and luxury homes with custom architectural features that can be changed with only a few clicks of a mouse.

#Cold war Nuclear Radiation Creates Anti-Poaching Tool (ISNS)--Radioactive carbon atoms created during 20th-century nuclear bomb tests could help save elephants

In their new study Uno and his team tested the radiocarbon dating technique on the tusks of two elephants that died in 2006 and 2008 as well as elephant and hippo teeth monkey hair and oryx horn.

when an elephant died. Currently the radiocarbon test costs about $500 and takes about one month to complete.

and comes at a crucial time for elephants which are being slaughtered at a rate that could drive them to extinction this century.

For example if used in combination with other methods that use DNA to determine the geographical origin of an ivory sample the carbon-14 dating technique could help investigators determine how recently hotspots for elephant poaching have been active.

#How Bomb Tests Could Date Elephant Ivory Bomb tests generations ago could indirectly help fight illegal poaching of African elephants new research shows.

and then deposited in the bodies of herbivores like African elephants. By looking at the levels of this carbon isotope known as carbon-14 in elephant tusks and ivory researchers can find out how old they are.

In the United states for example ivory taken prior to a 1989 worldwide ban on African elephant tusks may be traded legally

while new ivory is illegal to traffic said Kevin Uno a researcher at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University in New york. I don't necessarily think this will save the elephants

but it's a critical tool to fight poaching of elephants said Uno co-author of a study detailing the technique published today (July 1) in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The best way to stop the killing of elephants is to identify the major poaching hotspots

Elephant Images: The Biggest Beasts On land Poaching getting worse Poaching of African elephants is as bad as it's ever been

and getting worse Uno said. There were an estimated 46.5 tons (42200 kilograms) of ivory seized in 2011 with even higher numbers suspected in 2012 Wasser said.

That suggests as many as 50000 elephants were killed to provide the ivory seized in 2011. With a total population of 400000 elephants this is a very serious situation Wasser said.

In other words if the rate of poaching isn't slowed African elephants could be gone mostly within 10 years.

Trafficking is carried out in part by large criminal networks and is a multibillion-dollar industry. It's driven largely by demand in China for ivory and rhino horns

which are valued for the supposed medicinal benefits. The United states also is a destination for illegal ivory according to the study.

Two things must be done to stop poaching said Richard Ruggiero an expert on elephant poaching with the U s. Fish

Secondly we need to be much better at providing security for elephants to assure detection apprehension

So far Mitalipov and his colleagues have not been able to grow a cloned monkey fetus to term suggesting that primate reproduction may be even more complex than what is known from Dolly the sheep and other farm animals.

  From the mouse data we know that embryonic cloning is better than ips cells Cibelli said.

The cloning of a monkey or other nonhuman primate would likely be a strong signal that it's time to set some rules around human cloning Cibelli said.

Thirteen states currently have laws on the books prohibiting reproductive cloning. A worst-case scenario would be a clone showing up on the scene before the legalities are hammered out Knoepfler said.

The passenger pigeon the dodo and the woolly mammoth are just a few of the species wiped off the Earth by changing environments and human activities.

and select for specific traits as a dog breeder might. Eventually the resulting offspring would appear very much like the passenger pigeon.

Woolly mammoths next? Other scientists dream of bringing back a beast that roamed the Earth hundreds of thousands of years ago:

the woolly mammoth. Well-preserved mammoths have been dug out of the Siberian tundra containing bone marrow skin hair and fat.

If a living mammoth cell were found it could be grown in a lab and coaxed to form an embryo.

The embryo could be implanted into the closest living relative of mammoths an elephant which would give birth to a baby mammoth.

Images: 25 Amazing Ancient Beasts Finding a living mammoth cell is very unlikely. But South korean biomedical engineer Insung Hwang hopes to find just a cell nucleus and produce a clone from it like Dolly the sheep.

The nucleus would be implanted into an elephant egg whose nucleus had been removed. But this is no easy feat no one has harvested yet successfully an elephant egg.

The challenges aren't trifling. Even if researchers succeed in creating a mammoth passenger pigeon or other extinct creature it has to survive in the wild.

or woolly mammoth has a strong appeal to the public's imagination Temple said. But the species that are hyped often don't meet those criteria at all he said.

when woolly mammoths existed. Follow Tanya Lewis on Twitter and Google+.+Â Follow us@livescience Facebook & Google+.

Follow Denise Chow on Twitter@denisechow. Follow Livescience@livescience Facebookâ & Google+.+Original article onâ Livescience v

In Asia they are hacking into the signals from tigers'satellite collars to find and kill them.

and infrared goggles to kill elephants in the dead of night. What if unmanned arial vehicle (UAV) developers could imagine their inventions through the eyes of conservation field staff?

Already authorities are using fixed-wing conservation UAVS to successfully keep track of hard-to-see rhinos in Nepal

and to monitor elephant habitat and prevent the illegal expansion of palm oil plantations in Sumatra.

providing future generations with the awe that comes from knowing that iconic animals like elephants rhinos

and tigers continue to roam safely in the wild and with luck seeing them firsthand.

That project which focused on studying mammals in Mars gravity could possibly be adapted for the study of plants.

if you are a monkey in the wild is about 2%per bone per year. If engineers worked to that standard they would soon be looking for another job.

The story no doubt distorting the original science was that this mite runs faster than a cheetah

when measured by body size even the humble cockroach beats the cheetah on that measure. But a simple biomechanical model applying the appropriate scaling laws would suggest that all animals should be able to run at the same absolute speed not the same relative speed.

Smartphones tablets and chimps On the other side of the world the Jane Goodall Institute an ape-conservation organization founded by renowned chimpanzee researcher Jane Goodall is leading a similar effort.

Video Jane Goodall's Wild Chimpanzees The monitors look for signs of human activity that could endanger wildlife

The villagers also document the presence of more than 20 species with a focus on chimpanzees for instance

Then through Google earth Engine and Google maps Engine the institute's researchers can visualize the multiple layers of data to model the suitability of chimpanzee habitat

and to predict the potential distribution of chimpanzees. Whereas traditional maps are limited to two dimensions Google earth's 3d high-resolution imagery makes it easier for the villagers to recognize the topography

Through this data-collection process the JGI has identified previously unknown threats to chimpanzees. Even in the first few weeks of a forest villager getting his smartphone he reported this trap designed to capture a live primate we think either a baboon

or a chimp and this trap had never been recorded before in Tanzania Pintea said. In the future Pintea hopes to use imagery of the region gathered over the years to track changes in the forests over time.

Eyes on the Forest Other endangered species like the tiger are threatened also by poaching and habitat destruction.

According to the World Wildlife Fund human activities have led to a 93 percent reduction in tigers'historic range.

WWF estimates that 97 percent of the world's tigers have been lost over the past century

and as few as 3200 remain in the wild. In 2011 cameras set up by WWF

and the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry captured images of 12 tigers in Sumatra in an area that was set for deforestation.

Concerned about the potential destruction of this tiger habitat WWF used Google earth to illustrate the effects of deforestation on the Bukit Tigapuluh region a critical tiger habitat.

ranges of animals such as the tiger elephant rhino and orangutan; and floral diversity according to a statement from Eyes on the Forest.

and if it overlaps with known tiger habitat. In addition the Google mapping project has helped WWF build public support to stop irresponsible logging companies that contribute to Sumatra's deforestation said Craig Kirkpatrick WWF's managing director for Borneo and Sumatra.

Although the long time between satellite images makes it difficult to actively search for threats to tigers he said Google technology has been helpful in illustrating the pace of deforestation in the region and its effects on tiger and elephant habitat.

and then gradually the forests will come back and with them tiger populations. Elephant tracks Despite many efforts to curb elephant poaching including a 1989 agreement among CITES (Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna

and Flora) members to ban ivory trading demand in Asia continues to fuel the illegal ivory trade.

since the 1980s when an estimated 100000 African elephants were killed each year by poachers these massive mammals face additional threats posed by human activities such as commercial logging

Save the Elephants a Kenya-based organization dedicated to elephant protection and research is using Google technologies to help protect elephants from some of these dangers.

The group uses GPS collars to track elephants in Africa providing the organization with live detailed information about the animals'location and movements.

Save the Elephants then uses Google earth to visualize all of the data: By leveraging the application's satellite imagery researchers can zoom in on certain regions to follow the elephants in real time.

We've been using Google earth as a very easy way to find out what our elephants are up to

and where they are going Save the Elephants founder Iain Douglas-Hamilton said in a video hosted on Google's Outreach page.

It links in perfectly to our remote tracking system so the information is a continuous stream of the elephants'whereabouts.

The real-time updates and alerts are delivered via Save the Elephants'ios and Android apps to researchers in the field or via Google earth to be viewed in more detail on a computer.

With knowledge of the elephants'routes the organization can better protect the animals from poachers

and other dangers and help take action if a threat is detected Douglas-Hamilton said. 12 Strangest Sights on Google earth

When an elephant stops moving we can then send a Google earth file indicating the place where the elephant is stopped he said.

Then the Kenyan Wildlife Service can send out a patrol to go out and investigate. We're at a crucial stage now where we can act

Polar-bear protection: The US Fish and Wildlife Service proposed on 22 october to designate around 500,000 square kilometres of critical habitat 96%of which is sea ice for the polar bear.

The bear was listed as a threatened species in 2008 owing to projections of sea-ice declines caused by global warming.

The government is obligated already to avoid actions that jeopardize the bear, but the designation would add another layer of protection by also making it illegal to conduct activities that adversely affect the bear's habitat.

Vaccine report: More children than ever are being immunized, but 24 million infants in the world's poorest nations still do not receive routine immunization, according to a report by the World health organization, UNICEF and the World bank.

The 21 october State of the World's Vaccines and Immunization report says that although four in five children now have access to lifesaving vaccines,

they are talking about apples and oranges and Porsches and whales and moons, he says.

Nations pledge to double tiger numbers Thirteen countries that are home to the world's last wild tigers have pledged to try to double the animal's numbers to about 7

000, and to significantly expand its habitat by 2022 (the next Chinese year of the tiger.

and a loan package from the World bank for some tiger-range countries. One of the challenges will be to prevent poaching

and trade in tiger skins (pictured 墉 a seized skin in Kolkata, India). US energy boost The United states needs to triple its annual federal funding 墉 from US$5 billion to $16 billion 墉 for energy'research, development, demonstration and deployment,

Polar-bear pad The US Fish and Wildlife Service has set aside roughly 484,000 square kilometres in Alaska and the surrounding seas as a'critical habitat'for the polar bear (Ursus maritimus),

more than two years after the species was given a protection status of'threatened'by the US Endangered Species Act.

but federal agencies have to ensure that proposed activities don't jeopardize polar bears and their habitat.

< Back - Next >

Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011