and the EU. The quality of universities needs to be enhanced The university system 10 public universities with a total of approximately 230 000 students depends on the Regional Ministry of Economy,
The idea is to adopt a system of easily comparable university degrees that would allow overcoming the current bureaucratic obstacles to the recognition of degrees and movement of students, researchers, faculty and staff within European universities.
and the University of Malaga number 34.5 Graduate programs also attract an increasing number of foreign students to Andalusia universities:
Self evaluation Report. Paris: OECD Directorate for Education Programme on Institutional Management in Higher education. Madsen, H.,Neergaard, H,
however, the recent self evaluation report prepared for the OECD review of higher education in the region notes that the relation between the universities‘research priorities
The self evaluation report concludes that this shows that the universities do not have their own research strategies,
Self evaluation Report. OECD Reviews of Higher education in City and Regional Development. Seville: General Secretariat for Universities, Research and Technology, Regional Ministry for Innovation, Science and Enterprise, Junta de Andalusia.
think to concepts like welfare, quality of education, or sustainability. Complexity is reflected by the multi-dimensionality and multi-scale representation of the issue.
while the industry in Japan contributes more to nanotechnology research. 5 The European commission adopted in February 2008 the Code of conduct for Responsible Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies Research. 6 http://www. areadevelopment. com/Hightechnanoelectronics/oct08
and a long story of accumulation of technological, organisational, management, and engineering capabilities which can be found in the regional chemical industry.
depending on stage of innovative capacity/development of the company Given that much research indicates that companies consider graduates would benefit from increased industry placements during their graduate programme,
SOUTHEAST 18 WIT also delivers strong undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in software development. Based on its excellent track record in telecommunications software and systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI funded Strategic Research Cluster (FAME Federated
WIT also delivers strong undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in software development. Based on its excellent track record in telecommunications software and systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI funded Strategic Research Cluster (FAME Federated
Department of education and Skills Table 5. 2 Education Providers in the South East participating in the Springboard 2011 Provider Programmetitle NFQLEVEL ECTS Years Iot Carlow Certificate in Computer systems
which is a significant postgraduate programme. WIT is also active in providing part-time courses, which accounted for 18 percent of enrolments in 2009-2010,
Yuko Harayama, Graduate school of Tohoku University and now Deputy Director, DSTI at the OECD, Elisabeth Gulbrandsen of the Research Council of Norway, Karen De Ruijter, Ministry of Economic Affairs
Innovation must be unleashed A new code of conduct is emerging, based on collaboration, tolerance and respect of diversity,
and processes, including basic notions of space time, content, and learning outcomes. Innovative educators have an opportunity to blend face-to-face and digital learning models to advance an engaged, effective, efficient and affordable model of learning in the 21st century.
and the learning outcomes. Recommendations for implementing new teaching and learning techniques are offered. Keywords: Digital technologies; Social media;
Witness the emerging success of the University of the People, the first tuition-free, fully online four-year university to be granted accreditation (http://www. uopeople. org/.
In the emerging third paradigm, creative problem solving and innovation are the primary learning outcomes. Educators need to develop new assessment methods using the unique capabilities of digital technology, from algorithms to artificial intelligence.
Research shows big data analytics are an effective tool to enable the professor to make instant adjustments to optimize learning and further diagnostics of teaching effectiveness as well as learning assessment (ELI, 2011.
and processes, including basic notions of space time, content, and learning outcomes. Innovative educators have an opportunity to blend face-to-face and digital learning models to advance an engaged, effective, efficient and affordable model of learning in the 21st century.
and the learning outcomes. Recommendations for educational innovation based on this emerging paradigm include the following. First, educators can build on
A System Model of Organizational Inertia and Capabilities as Dynamic Accumulation Processes, Simulation Modeling Practice and Theory 10,271 296.
In addition, improving the quality of the educational system where the country continues to trail its top 10 peers at 28th place could serve as an important basis for sustained 2 The Global Competitiveness Report 2012 2013:
Although the quality of education in Hong kong is good (12th), participation remains below levels found in other advanced economies (53rd).
Notable strengths include its large market size (19th) and high educational standards, in particular its high enrollment rates (it is ranked 20th on the quantity of education subpillar).
even though the quality of education in particular the quality of management schools (68th) and the disconnect between educational content
and the quality of education (116th) does not seem to match the increasing need for a skilled labor force.
weak public institutions (122nd), the poor quality of its transport infrastructure (114th), the poor quality of education in the country (77th),
Country Profile Highlights 2012 World Economic Forum highest in the world (11th), the quality of the educational system is assessed as poor (122nd.
and a renewed focus on raising the bar in terms of the quality of education. If not addressed, poor educational quality particularly in math and science (89th) could undermine the country's innovation-driven competitiveness strategy over the longer term.
As in previous years, the security situation remains fragile and imposes a high cost on business (65th).
although the quality of education particularly in math and science is perceived to be rather poor by the business community.
and the quality of the educational system receives mediocre marks. Yet it is clear that by far the biggest obstacle facing Botswana in its efforts to improve its competitiveness remains its health situation.
On the educational side, enrollment rates remain low and the quality of the educational system remains poor, ranked 127th.
In addition, the quality of the educational system needs upgrading. A related area of concern is the low level of technological readiness in Tanzania (122nd), with very low uptake of ICT such as the Internet and mobile telephony.
phased evaluation ü Avoid isolated evaluation ü Provide link between academic evaluation and evaluation reports (more professional, consultancy based, etc.)
The last two in depth cluster case studies and peer reviews, and foresight provide the opportunity to integrate the field knowledge held and concrete experimentation carried out, by regional actors in the spirit of an'entrepreneurial discovery process'.
leverage of private financing. 21 http://ec. europa. eu/information society/digital-agenda/scoreboard/index en. htm 32 3.'Cluster'in depth case studies and peer reviews:
and awarenessraising for innovation Public private partnerships for innovation Research networks/poles Innovation voucher Certifications/accreditations Industrial Phds Support to creativity Innovation benchmarking Emerging instruments
The sources for their baseline and achievement value could be the monitoring system, official data bases, ad hoc surveys, peer reviews,
and a'twinning+'methodology that combines elements of traditional peer reviews and twinning in small learning groups of interested agencies.
Collective learning includes the regional accumulation of knowledge which is shared freely and transferred among the participants through social interactions (Capello 1999).
A‘..timely exchange of information and accumulation of knowledge'(Feldmann 1994: 27) also partly explains regional clusters of innovative firms.
Spatial Clustering, Local Accumulation of Knowledge and Firm Competitiveness. Geografiska Annaler, 78 B (2), 85-97.
The general trend to the le hand side refl ects the decrease in manufacturing in the overall economy.
because Robert Solow (1957) was one of the first economists who pointed out the significance of disembodied technical change for economic growth opposite to the classical view that in particular capital accumulation,
Over the years this solution became more and more difficult to manage due to the accumulation of specific developments performed for AIT and the overall complexity of the solution.
Also called‘Virtual Company Dossier',this STORK 2. 0 Cross-border eid services in real life settings (pilots in elearning and Academic qualifications, ebanking, Public services for Businesses and ehealth
Accreditation is the gateway to PIP. Since 1999, the PIP includes a number of incentives to encourage practices to keep upto-date with the latest developments in Information management and Information technology (IM/IT.
Government funding support and vendor accreditation are recognised generally as key factors in influencing health IT adoption in the Province (Protti et al.
Adoption of the chronic disease management (CDM) toolkit The CDM self evaluation toolkit is based a web software developed by the B c. Health Ministry.
Many physicians started with the CDM self evaluation toolkit and although it provides less clinical information than an EMR,
This has been addressed by thematic network events, peer reviews and twinning. An example of this is the pre-commercial procurement that in many countries is a new approach on demand side support
and prepare recommendations on how to provide innovation support services more efficiently. 2. Carry out peer reviews (mandatory) to search for better practices in providing innovation support services.
The main objective of this task was to organise peer reviews through visiting programmes aimed at assessing current support mechanisms
This has been addressed by thematic network events, peer reviews and twinning. An example of this is the pre-commercial procurement that is a new approach on demand side support in many countries.
and included the synthesis of the project results. 2. Work package 2 included peer reviews of European agencies
and effectiveness of innovation agencies and programmes. 5. Work package 5 included peer reviews of good practices at innovation agencies outside of Europe. 6. Work package 6 included improving
IPF has invited also experts from European innovation support agencies to participate in peer review panels and as hosts for peer reviews.
Peer reviews have been beneficial for identifying good practises and it seems like it has been easier for the group to engage in identification and analysis than in transfer and implementation.
The work package has established a model for the conduct of peer reviews. However, there are areas for improvement,
Peer reviews outside of Europe are more challenging due to language issues, incentives and shorter time frames for reviews.
when arranging with these types of peer reviews. Twinning Twinning has been successful and three out of four of the countries that were involved actively in the twinning process have implemented some version of pre-commercial procurement.
Peer reviews cannot completely analyse transferability and hand over design recommendations; instead, the design recommendations have to be developed as a co-creation process at the beginning of the twinning exercise between those implementing the good practices and those providing the good practices.
the main sources have been the peer reviews of The irish initiative for High-Potential Startups, the Scottish Proof of Concept programme, the Finnish VIGO-and Young Innovative Enterprise-programme and The french Venture capital
Initiating and performing peer reviews, twinning's and EFQMASSESSMENTS do not happen automatically. Continuation of these activities will need probably a central body that facilitates the process
Develop and refine tools for learning, like Peer reviews, EFQM and Twinning. Be a platform that offers the service to assist agencies in learning through utilising the tools.
This will be complemented by external reviews of regulators'performance against the Framework. The self-assessments and external reviews of regulator performance will be publicly available.
Public consultation on the Framework was undertaken in September 2014. We anticipate releasing a final Framework in October as part of 2014 Spring Repeal Day.
and 3) Policy workshops to carry out peer reviews of policy schemes. The Innobarometer is an opinion poll conducted among enterprises to gather their appreciation of innovation challenges (see http://europa. eu. int/comm/enterprise/innovation/index. htm)
courses related to innovation and also post graduate programmes"Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES"-1. Introduction: Innovations in the working place page 8 of 271 (see www. som. cranfield. ac. uk/som/mscilp/faq. asp)
Accreditations, qualifications, certifications? Processes, systems, IT, communications? Cultural, attitudinal, behavioural? Management cover, succession? Weaknesses Disadvantages of proposition?
Accreditations, etc? Processes and systems, etc? Management cover, succession? Opportunities Market developments? Competitors'vulnerabilities? Industry or lifestyle trends?
The University offers a Master's and Doctoral program, as well as a KM Graduate Certificate program. http://www. knowledgemedia. org/www. knowledgemedia. org is the scientific platform for research in the field of Knowledge Communication,
and the achievement of transformation skills, self evaluation and creation of learning communities. The use of the right metaphors in combination with the appropriate lesson structures can provide for a rich and effective learning environment that can be stimulating the generation of innovative ideas.
B. Self evaluation Competency Description Your comment‘tolerance of ambiguity'an attitude of in situations which are not clearcut
and a'twinning+'methodology that combines elements of traditional peer reviews and twinning in small learning groups of interested agencies.
and F. Johansen (1996), Accumulation of R&d Capital and Dynamic Firm Performance: A Not-so-fixed Effect Model, Discussion Papers 184, Research Department of Statistics Norway.
'Cognitive and motivational factors affecting the transfer of expertise, Stanford university Graduate school of Business. Describes the complexities of tacit and explicit knowledge. 65 Huang, X.,G. N. Soutar, A. Brown (2002."
manifested as an increase in firm size and higher capital-accumulations. Stockholders, on the other hand, advocate for lowering the capital accumulation of the firm.
Actually, the ownership structure of SMES is different from that of larger corporations. SMES are owned often by a small number of partners
and facilitates the accumulation of specific human capital (Ballot and Taymaz 1997). Such mechanisms lead to competence-building,
Graduate school of Business Administration, Harvard university. Lei, D. T. 1997. Competence building, technology fusion, and competitive advantage:
Graduate school of Business Administration, Harvard university. Mazzarol, T. and Reboud, S. 2008. The role of complementary actors in the development of innovation in small firms.
F. W. Olin Graduate school of Business, Babson college, Babson Park, Massachusetts, USA. Trippi, R. R. and Desieno, D. 1992.
Broadening the Analysis of the Territorial Effects of Innovation 3 societies evolve through the daily accumulation of inventions--innovations
Using formal programme evaluation/review mechanisms such as peer review or other external review schemes, and in general the adoption of an‘evaluation culture'for innovation support;
Implementation of formal programme evaluation/review mechanisms such as peer review or other external review schemes, and overall the adoption of an‘evaluation culture'for innovation support;
Structural change, not just the accumulation of capital, is a driver of economic growth. As such smart specialisation aims to accelerate structural change by encouraging the transformation of economic activities from a structural perspective.
Further improvements in a future vision and strategy process refer to the introduction of peer reviews
optical precision and measurement that included technology centres for semiconductor light source pilot production, optical parts subsystem and reliability and accreditation testing infrastructure.
Their technological and human capacities can be utilized to provide technology development, extension services and testing and accreditation services locally.
and improve the quality of education within the region, from early childhood, to ensure that the region can sustain its skilled workforce;
but this country sees a growing use of peer reviews as a complementary assessment method. It is not possible through this enquiry to assess the quality
Various kinds of technological effort which induce further accumulation of technological capabilities, such as formal and informal Rand D, formal and informal (on-the-job) training, acquisition of technological licences, among others. ijcrb. webs. com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
cloning and genetic screening Computers that do not really help to raise the quality of education DDT,
A novel approach to national technological accumulation and absorptive capacity: Aggregating cohen and levinthal. The European Journal of Development Research 20 (1): 56.
3) The strengthening of innovation services with a mentoring system. 4) The transfer of the public sector's demand for RDI to the knowledge bases (pillar A) 5) The securing of the quality of RDI services (e g. accreditation, training.
elements of taxes and contributions. 5) Provision of training and accreditation services for the purpose of making enough suitably qualified project evaluators and managers and coaches available. 6) Support for investors
internationally cutting-edge knowledge accumulation and application by creating linkages between the research centres in Hungary and the national research and development and business sectors.
Graduate school of Management and Center for Research on Information technology and Organizations, December 30, 1992), http://crito. uci. edu/papers/1993/pac-005. pdf. 163.
Graduate school of Management and Center for Research on Information technology and Organizations, April 13, 2001), http://www. crito. uci. edu/git/publications/pdf/pac-037d. pdf. 164.
Thus, R&d activity is an investment in knowledge accumulation and in the development of technologies (Parham, 2009.
The co-development of content and curricula requires more solid and systematic empirical evidence on innovative teaching and learning practices and their impact on learning outcomes.
and how this is done in practice and what is envisioned in the study programme. 149 60.4 4. Encouraging the regular update of learning content
certification and accreditation strategies in order to allow innovative teaching and learning practices to further be implemented and mainstreamed (Table 4). Policy-and decision-makers should support
certification and accreditation strategies in order to allow innovative teaching and learning practices to be implemented further and mainstreamed. 6. Policy-and decision-makers should recognise the key role of teachers,
) Supporting teacher competence development for better learning outcomes. Retrieved 15 november 2013, from DG Education and Training http://ec. europa. eu/education/school-education/doc/teachercomp en. pdf European commission.
and how this is done in practice and what is envisioned in the study programme. Promoting curriculum development that leaves room for teachers to work in small autonomous and interdisciplinary teams,
and noise on learning outcomes. 11a. If you have additional policy recommendations concerning infrastructure, please write them down. 12.
and how this is done in practice and what is envisioned in the study programme. 0. 7 3. 4 2. 0 11.4 22.1 26.8 33.6 60.4 Encouraging the regular update of learning
and how this is done in practice and what is envisioned in the study programme. 5. 59 (1. 5) 68 5. 78 (1. 1) 32 5. 93 (1. 02) 28 5. 33 (1. 49
or of peer reviews that can hone and improve the analyses. Instead, consumers of such research have no option
This index is calculated as an accumulation of three factors: online services (estimated in terms of the%of use of online services depending on the 4 degrees of sophistication),
in the long term the quality of education will improve and the phenomenon of the digital division will blur, leading to social inclusion of the disadvantaged areas.
coordinate their accreditation activities and develop the structure and content of the practice-oriented training.
phased evaluation ü Avoid isolated evaluation ü Provide link between academic evaluation and evaluation reports (more professional, consultancy based, etc.)
the environmental context, the individual's perception of educational effectiveness and of ease of use, and the individual's sense of personal engagement with the technology'(p. 219).
However, the IT staff we spoke to are unaware of the arrangements and accreditations to deal with the risks of cyber threat, fraud and other security threats. 6 Part One NHS Prescription Services:
's service delivery manager and Capita, who hold current ISO 20000 accreditation, a recognised service management standard.
However, the IT staff we spoke to were unaware of the arrangements and accreditations to deal with the risks of cyber threat and fraud and other security threats.
Security processes The legacy ICT system meets government security standards (accreditation) in a cost-effective manner
but also make business processes and knowledge accumulation more efficient. All personnel can share valuable business knowledge and experience,
http://www. iwf. org. uk/members/funding-council/code of practice-practice 41 In The netherlands, ISPS, national enforcement authorities and associations of right holders have subscribed to a notice-and-takedown code of conduct for all content that is punishable or unlawful;
128 In December 2009 several French internet platforms and right holders agreed on a charter for the fight against the sale of counterfeit goods on the Internet. 129 An extension of this charter is currently being discussed. 130 Recently,
Typical trustmark systems consist of an accreditation mechanism with an independent supervisor for an online trader to meet the trustmark's requirements (including creditworthiness, security mechanisms, price transparency, provision of information, customer service, data protection
This means an infinite decision speed and increased accumulation of knowledge by applying technology. At least, that's the technology church preaching to the choir.
The Interdisciplinary studies Journal (ISJ), Special issue on Smart Cities, Vol. 3, No. 4, pages 331-350, ISSN 1799-2710.23) Vicini, S.,Bellini, S
According to the external review ordered by the European commission (13), the main areas for improvement were on industrial impact and articulation of vision and Key Performance Indicators for the programme.
%Something must have happened in that period, probably a manifestation of the accumulation of weaknesses. It is highly informative to examine the identity of those universities that granted undergraduate and postgraduate degrees to those brilliant scientists in their early days.
The funds will finance initiatives to improve the quality of education and training systems in view of ensuring a better match with labour market demand.
and there are now five graduate schools specialising in the venture business. However, figures for 2009 may indicate a decline caused by the worldwide economic crisis.
established by professor or researcher 582 1, 555 Number of graduate schools for venture business 0 5 Venture capital (in 100 mio.
Sources This innovation policy summary has been authored by Dennis Tachiki, Tamagawa University, Graduate school of Management, Tokyo, Japan.
A World Economic Forum Report in collaboration with Stanford university, Graduate school of Business, SPRIE and STVP. Available at http://www3. weforum. org/docs/WEF ENTREPRENEURSHIP REPORT 2011. pdf. Wiklund, Johan;
and there are now five graduate schools specialising in the venture business. However, figures for 2009 may indicate a decline caused by the worldwide economic crisis.
established by professor or researcher 582 1, 555 Number of graduate schools for venture business 0 5 Venture capital (in 100 mio.
Sources This innovation policy summary has been authored by Dennis Tachiki, Tamagawa University, Graduate school of Management, Tokyo, Japan.
A World Economic Forum Report in collaboration with Stanford university, Graduate school of Business, SPRIE and STVP. Available at http://www3. weforum. org/docs/WEF ENTREPRENEURSHIP REPORT 2011. pdf. Wiklund, Johan;
The EPA Code of practice: Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems Serving Single Houses (Cop) establishes Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022 Section 5:
and growth through a wide variety of mechanisms and eff ects (Salter and Martin 2001).
‘Analysis of Chain-link Eff ects of Public Policy: Eff ects on Research and Industry in Swedish Life sciences within Innovative Food and Medical Technology'.
'Report for the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems. VINNOVA report series, available at www. vinnova. se.
The first external review of implementation of NRPE will be initiated in 3q 2014.29 Appendix I: Governance of the Research System in Ireland Source:
The first external review of implementation of NRPE will be initiated in 3q 2014.29 Appendix I: Governance of the Research System in Ireland Source:
The last two in depth cluster case studies and peer reviews, and foresight provide the opportunity to integrate the field knowledge held and concrete experimentation carried out, by regional actors in the spirit of an'entrepreneurial discovery process'.
leverage of private financing. 21 http://ec. europa. eu/information society/digital-agenda/scoreboard/index en. htm 32 3.'Cluster'in depth case studies and peer reviews:
and awarenessraising for innovation Public private partnerships for innovation Research networks/poles Innovation voucher Certifications/accreditations Industrial Phds Support to creativity Innovation benchmarking Emerging instruments
The sources for their baseline and achievement value could be the monitoring system, official data bases, ad hoc surveys, peer reviews,
The development is slowed by the quality of education and the availability of work force, as well as by the insufficient development of the business support networks and clusters.
the accumulation and retention of knowledge is a quite costly encounter for SMES. As a consequence, there are some major managerial implications for SMES that result from the analysis of the Romania's R&d and innovation potential.
The accumulation of societal know-how makes it easier for new ventures to arise and for new ideas to be put in place.
and adequate public policies for supporting entrepreneurship and SMES, there is high probability that the Romanian business ecosystem will become one of the most competitive and dynamic in the EU. The accumulation
The accumulation of societal know-how makes it easier for new ventures to arise and for new ideas to be put in place.
At the same time, as the accumulation and retention of know-how is a quite costly encounter, SMES are forced to consolidate,
in particular through peer reviews involving public officials, practitioners and regional stakeholders. The goal of this approach is to avoid unnecessary duplication and fragmentation of efforts,
and the Code of practice for the Governance of State Bodies, Board members are required to provide a Statement of Interest to the Standards In public Office Commission and to the Secretary.
and support to regional spa and medical treatment centers for their certification and accreditation process.
and establishment/improvement of vocational programs focused on textile relevant training with appropriate technical facilities. For the agro-food sector:
levels of R&d, enrolments in graduate programmes and the potential creation of growth-oriented businesses by immigrants.
So, academics and researchers will look particularly at the quality of universities and research laboratories, as well as at the overall research support system,
In addition, there should be transparency and clarity of objectives and information to both employers and employees and provision of standardised accreditation.
there is no accreditation or contrasted evaluation, and little is known of their effects and impact on skills upgrading and employability of the labour force.
Effective management training initiatives for small firms usually involve critical self evaluation; sharing of experiences that provide an opportunity to achieve business insights by learning from others in similar positions;
give standardised accreditation. Embed an entrepreneurship mindset through the school education system. Develop the training function of small business support programmes including programmes for business succession,
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