Thus, the typical measures of R&d include, for example, R&d expenditure, R&d employment or R&d facilities on the input side (OECD, 2002;
More disaggregated data on business activity show business indicators such as the number of firms, employment, capital, turnover, value added, profits,
the EIPE project builds this measurement by observing the actual presence and development of ICT firms (headquarters and affiliates, employment data, turnover and investments.
As a result of the interplay between these forces, economic activity, population, employment and wealth are distributed unevenly. Residents, workers,
ICT employment (JRC-IPTS, 2007. The advantage of the Balassa index over a simple comparison of shares in total employment is that relative size is taken also into account here.
The original Balassa index compares a region's share of a specific variable, for example, employment in the ICT sector,
with the region's share in the general variable, i e. in this case the total employment. However, because of the focus of this project,
which aims to map ICT-related activities and the lack therefore of a number of data at the general level,
Location of ICT firms Agbuss 4 30 ICT employment Agbuss 5 31 Growth in ICT employment Agbuss 6 32 Turnover by ICT firms
as well as to their turnover and employment size and growth. 13 In order to account for the differences of size of the regions,
of ICT Scoreboard Headquarters Ownership of ICT Scoreboard affiliates Location of ICT Scoreboard affiliates Location of ICT firms ICT employment What does it measure?
affiliates located in the observed region It measures the number of ICT firms located in the observed region It measures the total employment in ICT firms in the observed region Unit of measurement Region's share in the total number of ICT Scoreboard
ICT Scoreboard affiliates located in the EU to a region's share in the EU population Region's share in the total number of ICT firms located in the EU to a region's share in the EU population Region's share in the total employment by ICT
ICT Business Agglomeration indicators (Agbuss) Indicator ID Agbuss 6 Agbuss 7 Agbuss 8 Agbuss 9 Name of indicator Growth in ICT employment
It measures employment growth in ICT firms in the observed region It measures the average annual turnover by ICT firms in the observed region It measures turnover growth in ICT firms in the observed region It measures the number
as detailed information on employment or R&d expenditures in those centres is not available at this level of granularity. 5. 5 European Investment Monitor by Ernst & young The European Investment Monitor (EIM) is a unique
but not creating any new employment), not-for-profit organisations. 36 especially as many patents are filed by large companies with several establishments located in different regions and countries.
Besides providing the company-level information that was used to count the number of firms or the employment,
sales, operating surplus, employment and capital expenditure (to be interpreted as a flow, the increasing of tangible assets) for the top 1,
Location, Employment, Factors of Attractiveness and Economic Impact. Seville. Kaplan, S n.,Strömberg, P, . & Sensoy, B. A. 2002).
may sustain high levels of employment, decent standards of living and welfare, in short, preconditions for happiness.
employment and patents, with the conclusion that the connection between priorities and the economic and innovation structures is weak.
we have used Eurostat data on the number of organisations, employment data and patent applications in absolute terms,
Therefore, we have looked also at the number of employees per sector (NACE code categories) and growth of employment.
'There was quite a strong link between regional priorities and the sectors with the largest growth in employment in 2010 (illustrated in Figure 7),
Eurostat employment data for 2010, SBS data by NACE Rev. 2 for the EU-28 (and Norway) with missing data for Croatia, Greece, France, Italy, The netherlands and Slovakia.
According to our analyses, priority choices correlate with existing specialisations mainly in terms of relative growth of the number of firms and employment,
%18%20%Growth rate of employment Mining support service activitiesmining of metal oresoffice administrative, office support and otherbusiness support activitiesactivities of head offices;
Finally, we compared Eye@RIS3 data with Eurostat data on numbers of local units in different sectors, employment and patent applications.
The chosen innovation priorities somewhat reflect growth in employment, the relative growth of the number of local units and the absolute number of patent applications.
and engineering activities, technical testing and analysis Education Employment activities Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security Legal and accounting activities Office administrative,
employment and patents, with the conclusion that the connection between priorities and the economic and innovation structures is weak
Export and import performance 13 1. 6 Number and size of ICT businesses 15 1 7 Rate of employment 18 1. 8 International outlook
Among the new member states, Hungary, the Czech republic and Poland recorded significant increases in ICT manufacturing employment
which could distort the statistical result to a certain extent. 1. 7 Rate of employment Since the beginning of the 2000s,
where employment did not fall to such a degree in 2009 but has been experiencing a rather erratic performance ever since.
It is noteworthy that sectoral employment rose significantly since the beginning of the 2000s, furthermore, it can boast one of the most dynamic rates of growth in employment compared to all sectors of the national economy.
Figure 12: The ICT sector by company size(%)2011. Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office 1. 18 According to the OECD Information and Technology Outlook (2010), two out of the 250 TOP ICT companies founded a subsidiary in Hungary,
employed in the ICT sector, Hungary outperforms the United states, Germany and the average of OECD countries Hungary's rising employment in the ICT sector is aligned also with international trends.
however, that each of these countries has an outstandingly high relative proportion of ICT employment,
Based on its share of ICT employment Hungary is 3rd in the ranking of OECD countries (after Sweden and Finland),
Share of ICT employment in business sector employment. Source: OECD Key ICT Indicators, 2012 8based on OECD data for 2009.0%2%4%6%8%10%Portugal Greece Spain Switzerland Austria Germany
It is interesting that 4%of respondent companies named doing research for the sake of research (be to be) as a motivating factor. 12 R&d employment:
then after a drop in 2008 the sector could once again start making a contribution to the increase in R&d employment.
The most dynamic increase in R&d employment took place in the ICT services sector compared to other branches of the national economy,
Rate of R&d employment increase in the ICT sector and other business sectors in 2005-2009.
%The growth in Hungarian ICT R&d employment is outstanding even in international terms. 9. 2 2. 7 4 11.4 0. 9 2. 7 2010
Relative proportion of ICT research and development professionals within the total R&d employment(%.%Source: Eurostat 0%5%10%15%20%25%30%Czech republic Poland Hungary Bulgaria Austria Germany 2007 2009 National Innovation Office RDI
While R&d employment within the ICT service sector is on the same scale for Poland, the Czech republic and Hungary in absolute terms,
there was significant growth also in the scale of overall ICT employment. 33 National Innovation Office RDI MIRROR-1. Review on the ICT Sector Summary 34 Speaking of expenditure,
Share of ICT employment in business sector employment. Source: OECD Key ICT Indicators, 2012.19 Figure 14:
Rate of R&d employment increase in the ICT sector and other business sectors in 2005-2009.
Relative proportion of ICT research and development professionals within total R&d employment(%.%Source: Eurostat...25 Figure 24:
The effects of broadband deployment on output and employment: a crosssectional analysis of U s. data;
The effects of broadband deployment on output and employment: a cross-sectional analysis of U s. data, in:
1. Employment, 75%of citizens between 20-64 years old should have a job. 2. Innovation,
growth and employment to boost the Single Market. External Policy Tools: The European commission ensures that SMES have the same share in competition by fining large companies that do not obey EU rules. 3. 2 Single Market Act Made Simple The Internal Market has been at the heart of the European project since its origin.
and to bring social progress, employment and a positive outcome for the environment. Indeed, the Single Market can offer many advantages for your business.
resource-efficiency and employment in order to ensure that reforms being pursued in these sectors are held successfully. 18 19 3. 3 Small Business Act Made Simple In June 2008,
convergence, regional competitiveness and employment and European Territorial Cooperation. SMES can benefit from different funding possibilities targeting the above objectives.
meaning national public administrations, NGOS and social partners, involved in the sector of employment and social inclusion. http://ec. europa. eu/employment social/emplweb/esf projects 117/search. cfm Regarding the convergence objective,
catid=45&langid=en 4. 3. 2 Regional Competitiveness and Employment This objective aims at boosting the growth of employment.
Social Fund (ESF) ESF under the Regional Competitiveness and Employment Objective supports the adaption of enterprises and workers through lifelong learning as well as innovation within organisations.
Targets & Targets set out in the National Reform Programme 15 Table 3. 1%Breakdown of Enterprises & Employees in the Midwest Region 21 Table 3 2 Midwest Employment by
and entrepreneurship and to achieve higher levels of employment right across Europe. Ireland is embracing a new chapter in its development;
and ultimately contributing to business and employment growth. Greater collaboration amongst the actors involved in research
and sets out the actions required to progress cluster development in the Midwest Region such as conducting the relevant research in advance of the development of a cluster, the employment of a dedicated Cluster Facilitator and the establishment of a formal monitoring framework.
The scoreboard bases the assessment on indicators such as firm investments, finance & support, intellectual assets and outputs and employment in knowledge-intensive activities5.
Inclusive growth, fostering a high-employment economy and delivering economic, social and territorial cohesion. Investing in research, innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and a crucial part of Europe's response to the economic crisis.
and to remove the barriers to employment creation across the economy. The Action Plan for Jobs 2014 identifies building competitive advantage through innovation as a key priority for stimulating The irish economy over the next five years. 2. 2. 3 Forfás
The Plan aims to ensure the creation of highly productive knowledge-based employment and to offer a competitive proposition to potential investors by virtue of its skills and research and development assets.
The Regional Indicators Report 2013 indicates that the Midwest Region has an employment rate of 62.9%(based on population in the 20-64 age cohort.
and enterprise activity and to expand the employment base in the Midwest Region. 3. 1 Infrastructural Connectivity The Midwest Region has global trading links and excellent connectivity to international markets via Shannon International airport
High value-added sectors such as professional, financial and IT activities accounted for 12%of the Region's employment (See Table 3. 2). Employment by broad economic sector, Q1 2012 Industry Wholesale
%4. 1%3. 6%3. 0%Table 3. 2 Midwest Employment by Sector Q1 2012,
while the FDI sector is of vital importance to the growth of exports and high-end employment, the economy of the Region
is also highly dependent on the indigenous SME sector for growth and employment. Therefore while it is important for the Region to improve collaboration and innovation amongst large-scale and FDI industries
from Higher education Institutes in the Midwest who secure employment in the Region is an indicator of academic and business performance.
This base is a significant asset in terms to the potential for future economic growth and the progression of employment-related development in the Region.
Through the provision of funding, training & support, infrastructure & accommodation and the development of linkages and networks, EI support sustainable economic growth, regional development and secure employment. 4. 4. 2
c) Data pertaining to employment, turnover and exports in the Region from the Central Statistics Offi ce and;
To monitor the impact of analysis and investment, particularly in the areas of employment, productivity, the commercialisation of research outputs and the establishment of new related industries,
Cluster Development Energy Cork is driven an industry cluster pursuing coordinated actions to strengthen enterprise and employment within the energy sector in the Cork region.
Households with Internet access Household access to the Internet is the ultimate way of guaranteeing an inclusive information society in which all people, irrespective of age, gender, employment status,
Access to new technologies is important for ensuring full participation by all people in new opportunities related to employment
such as those related to poverty reduction, maternal health or decent employment. As more and more people join the information society
This concerns, notably, statistics on ICT use by individuals, businesses, governments and other public-sector organizations, ICT-related employment data,
Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people 1. 4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed 1. 5 Employment-to-population ratio Ratio of youth unemployment rate to adult employment rate 1. 6 Proportion
of employed people living below $1 (PPP) per day 1. 7 Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment-0. 263-0. 138 0. 100
-0. 715-**43 50 40 12 Target 1. C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger 1. 8 Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age 1. 9 Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption-0. 354
and in all levels of education no later than 2015 3. 1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education 3. 2 Share of women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector
This strategy outlines 5 key common-goals parameters of where EU should be by 2020: 1. Employment 75%of the 20-64 year-olds to be employed 2. R&d 3%of the EU
Indicator Target by 2020 for Romania Current state Employment rate (in%)70%63.9%(2013) R&d in%of GDP 2%0. 49%(2012) CO2 emission reduction
skills and inclusion Employment rate R&d Climate change and energy sustainability Fighting poverty and social exclusion Population to buy online Population to buy online cross-border Citizens
skills and inclusion VII-ICT enabled benefits for EU society Employment rate Climate change and energy sustainability Fighting poverty and social exclusion Population to buy online Population to buy online cross-border SME's to make online sales Population that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed
I-A vibrant digital single market Education Employment Fighting poverty and social exclusion R&d Population to buy online Population to buy online cross-border SMES to make online sales Key
employment information availability, enhance social program efficiency to reduce the risk of poverty Field of action 1 Field of action 2 Field of action 4 Implementation Of The Precautionary Programme
While in recent years the ICT sector has observed a slowdown in terms of development and employment, this figure takes into account the average growth of ICT employment in Romania (7%year on year growth) before the economic downturn and projects it for the 2014 2020 period as a target for future investments.
Major contributions have already been made in order to improve the growth of the ICT employment by the Romanian Government (for example the state aid scheme for creating a minimum number of jobs ICT contributed to GDP growth in all economies,
but productivity was increased mainly within the developed economies and based on the below indicators Romania needs to improve the overall growth in employment.
Source: The Impact of ICT on Growth in Transition Economies, Marcin Piatkowski, Warsaw 2004; More information pertaining to detailed indicators of Romanian economy can be found in Appendix 1 Romanian Indicators.
and employment. egovernment Approach in Romania Public services and their efficiency are considered to have a significant impact on
Report 2010',the cultural and creative industries represents one of Europe's most dynamic sectors, accounting for 3. 3%of EU GDP and 3%of employment.
Public libraries Provide a Path to Employment The Europe 2020 strategy to create smart, sustainable growth across the European union aims to secure employment for three-quarters of citizens between the ages of 20 and 64 by 2020.
in the field of Social welfare, employment, education, health, information and communications, mobility, security, justice and culture,
or lack the necessary digital skills. 3. 4. 2 European context Social inclusion and fight against poverty are part of the European union's objectives in terms of economic growth and employment.
National Agency for Employment Losing the job 1. The employment agencies are informed by the employers which intend to have certain reorganizations 30 days before the notice of dismissal 2. Submitting a notice of dismissal by the employer to the employees that are to be dismissed 3. The employment agencies
National Agency for Employment Accidents at work and work incapacity 1. Notification submitted to the labor protection department 2. Preparation of a Finding Report describing how the accident occurred 3. Requiring a declaration from the injured person
FP7 was indeed the main instrument to meet European needs in the fields of employment and competitiveness,
so young people can hardly get employment and move away from rural towns, which has a negative effect on the sustainable society.
expand employment and reduce the national debt to a sustainable level. In addition to presenting the progress made,
or the innovative measures designed to remedy the problems of employment and employability. 24 doi:
and charges on employment of personnel participating in research and development activities and to adopt regulatory and standardisation measures that indirectly influence the process of research and development and innovation in a positive way.
Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration,
FINANCE AND ECONOMY EMPLOYMENT SMART PUBLIC SERVICES ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Health and Wellbeing Finance and Economy Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills Culture and Arts Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New
ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware
AND EMPLOYMENT Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriö Bethnal Green Ventures Citysdk Clearlyso Angels Communia Commons 4 Europe Confine Crisisnet Desis Network Everyaware Fablab
AND ECONOMY ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRACY NEIGHBOURHOOD REGENERATION SCIENCE EDUCATION AND SKILLS CULTURE AND ARTS WORK AND EMPLOYMENT 254 251 164 163 162 138
which is the local agency for employment and economic growth for the area of Barcelona35. Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 69 Some other examples come from private organisations.
and organisations from the rest of the EU. Identify specific social challenges (such as health, employment,
and persons seeking employment from abroad by providing information on their technologies and financial positions (e g. balance sheets).
This study showed the positive impacts of e-commerce on their turnover and profitability and to a lesser extent on employment
However, it is not possible to directly measure the share of employment, GDP, or the value added of electronic commerce activities.
Holzmann Thomas Strascheg Centre for Entrepreneurship Thomas. Holzmann@sce. de Huuskonen Mikko Lappeenranta University of Technology & the Ministry of Employment and the Economy, Finland Mikko.
possibilities for employment, just as societal welfare depends to a large extent on economic development, jobs for people and new opportunities for industry.
There is no employment relationship between the crowdworker and the crowdworking service or between the crowdworker and the one posing the challenge.
where crowdworking and new architectures of contributions generate employment 23. Zhubajie, internationally known as Witmart (http://www. witmart. com/)states that it has more than nine million crowdworkers
Open research is done (Act, Sec. 3) under employment in the university, without outside financing or contractual partners.
Inventions in employment The law on Inventions in Employment (656/1967) concerns the allocation and protection of rights to inventions made under conditions of employment
Comparing legal principles inventions in employment vs university inventions The acts described above have common features
Comparing this to the Inventions in Employment Act leads to several conclusions: in regular employment, the position of the employer is provided stronger
the exploitation of the invention belongs to the line of business of the employer. Roughly speaking, the inventions created in employment belong to the employer in lack of important contradictory arguments.
In modern research and development, the invention is not necessarily a byproduct, but the result of conscious effort to create something new for commercialisation purposes.
and Employment) and the Odense Municipality are Mindlab's main stakeholders, main customers and provide the largest share of funding.
They also offer the potential for increased employment through the generation and use of intellectual property and represent around 2. 6%of the GDP of the European union (The Greater Lyon, 2014 10).
It aims to provide technological R&d, sales, international exposure and employment. With the synergy, the execution capability of each player is enhanced.
who are also struggling to keep afloat due to the lack of employment by Uber. In The netherlands, companies like TCA and Connexxion had tried already similar initiatives.
Daria European Institute of Innovation and Technology daria. tataj@eit. europa. eu Huuskonen Mikko Lappeenranta University of Technology & Ministry of Employment and the Economy, Finland mikko
Such an approach aims to help Member States and their regions to deliver higher levels of employment, productivity,
applying professional management to domestic cleaning and turning it into an employment perk. Hemfrid has persuaded the government to treat housecleaning as a tax deductible benefit,
The rate of growth and employment both went down by half; growth has averaged 4%per year since 1999 (8). Nevertheless, in 2007,
maintaining good levels of business investment and employment (14). According to the OECD, Australia's timely stimulus measures, with a strong focus on direct government investment,
are amongst the most effective of all OECD fiscal packages in stimulating activity and supporting employment (10).
's response to the crisis. Meeting of Labour and Employment Ministers. Retrieved from http://www. dol. gov/ilab/media/events/G20 ministersmeeting/G20-australia-brief. pdf (7) Gregorio, J. 2008) The Chilean economy in the current
and multidisciplinary skills and consequently there is a clear opportunity for employment. This opportunity is tailored to our society:
Social benefits of data analysis In addition to the benefits in terms of employment intensive data analysis can also be beneficial to our society.
D.,Docent (Lappeenranta University of Technology) Counsellor, Ministry of Employment and the Economy, Finland mikko. huuskonen@tem. fi Figure 2:
including economic prosperity, employment, a healthy community, and social well-being; 2. for the market in creating new products
under the Regional Competitiveness and Employment Objective, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
and innovation in the EU and are thus crucial for fostering competitiveness and employment (European commission, 2005).
The search intensity is calculated by dividing the search strategy score by the employment of the firm.
An empirical study of Dutch SMES H200717 21-12-2007 Entrepreneurship and innovation H200716 21-12-2007 Employment Growth of New Firms 46 H200715
The search intensity is calculated by dividing the search strategy score by the employment of the firm.
and the production of graduates who sought employment elsewhere, universities served as sites for the dissemination and diffusion of innovation throughout the industry.
Taking into account different employment positions, they changed 5. 32 times. It was not possible to normalize these data by age
Age 173 30 86 56.97 11.585 Number of different countries 786 1 6 1. 35 0. 686 Number of different employment positions after Phd
and Territorial Development Concept. 1. Improving the competitiveness and global performance of the business sector 2. Promoting employment through economic development, employment, education and social inclusion policies,
The promotion of social inclusion, poverty reduction and economic development in rural areas planned under TO8 (employment)
631 099 276 0 2 700 708 949 0 0 3 331 808 225 (8) promoting sustainable and quality employment and supporting labour mobility;
growing enterprises as they are seen as a key driver of economic growth and employment. Europe has performed relatively badly in generating high-growth innovative companies that quickly become global leaders.
Since there is empirical evidence for the importance of high-growth SMES for employment creation, it appears to be worthwhile to support high growth of enterprises in order to leverage the positive impact of these enterprises.
employment and social wellbeing. There is also an increased interest of policy makers in fostering innovation, and it is assumed often that high growth of companies is based on innovation.
as measured by employment (or by turnover), are enterprises with average annualised growth in employees (or in turnover) greater than 20%a year, over a three-year period,
) Market rules Standards Framework conditions Infrastructure Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water Institutions for security, health education, legal system (e g. employment and bankruptcy law) Economic stability Right
Share of high-growth enterprises (employment definition) in%of enterprises with ten or more employees 0123456789 10 Manufacturing*(2006) Services**(2006)* Mining and quarrying;
It found that 12%of the companies had grown by over 20%on average per year in the previous three years, in terms of full-time employment or full-time equivalents.
market shares or employment of established enterprises. Second, when there are strong first mover advantages for market entrants,
In fact, the largest share of answers of yes for company start-up is an attractive professional option was found in The netherlands (86%).37 High-growth enterprises are very important for employment creation...
and Henrekson/Johansson (2008) with an overview of studies for different countries. 39 WEF (2011), p. 7. 40 See Finnish Ministry of Employment (2011), p. 6. Policies
For example, the top 5%of companies measured by employment growth created two-thirds of new jobs in any given year.
Acs and Mueller found that only start-ups with greater than twenty employees have persistent employment effects over time
employment creation in several countries. 43 Other studies include Storey (1994) with results for the United kingdom (4%of new start-up survivors in the UK were responsible for 50%of jobs created by all new
The most prominent may be the VIGO programme which was introduced in 2009 by the Ministry of Employment
connecting 37 national and international financiers with 25 Finnish growth companies. 75 At the beginning of 2008 the innovation department of the Ministry of Employment and the Economy established a division for growth ventures.
turnover and employment growth at the firm level. 120 The authors suggest that policies supporting innovation
and to increase employment, the government recently introduced several new programmes and activities: the venture businessmen's special lecture programmes on entrepreneurship at universities;
which were on the GET-Up programme, projected twice as much revenue and employment growth over the next three years as their counterparts
As expected very small firms had increased lower sales and employment with the best results for firms in the range of 15 to 25 employees.
Government programmes often have multiple agendas, e g. local employment and regional development. Therefore governments should take note of this key finding. 161 In a 2010 study for CVCA Gilles Duruflé undertook a review of government assistance for firms in eight countries that showed that there was a positive role played by government supported VC funds
Diversification and clustering of SMES for future growth Summary Although the fall out from the 2008 Lehman brothers collapse continues to skew the Japanese government's SME (small and medium-sized enterprise) policies towards finance and employment safety net issues,
Third, the government will create platforms for growth in the areas of science, technology and information technology, employment and human resources, and financing.
and increase employment in the private sector is clearly on the minds of politicians and business organisations (e g.,
Fostering employment of high-tech employees in SMES: the SME Agency introduced for the first time in 2010 a subsidy programme for SMES employing next-generation high-tech human resources.
Breakdowns In all surveys of the IW Future Panel the enterprises are asked about their growth by employment and turnover;
or services Successful expansion of supply to international markets Important reason for growth Less important reason for growth No reason for growth N=59 companies stating employment or turnover growth
451companies stating employment or turnover growth of less than 20%or no growth or even decline in the previous three years.
stating employment or turnover growth of more than 20%in each of the previous three years Source:
However, the importance of a small share of high-growth firms for employment creation also needs to be considered.
they still account for a significant share of employment. Abandoning general SME policies in favour of high-potential SMES could harm established and stable SMES. 185 Theoretical considerations of market failure do
Since there are empirical findings supporting the importance of high-growth SMES for employment in developed national economies,
Policies for high-growth innovative SMES v1. 6 94 erable employment and welfare. Furthermore, governments should also not aspire to eliminate new venture failures. 192 3. Policies for general SMES
Employment effects of business dynamics: Mice, gazelles and elephants. Discussion Papers on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy;
Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Employment and the Economy: Evaluation of the Finnish National Innovation System Full Report.
Ministry of Employment and the Economy (2011: Growth Enterprise Review 2011. Finnish: Kasvuyrityskatsaus 2011. Available at http://www. tem. fi/files/29659/TEM KASVUYRITYSKATSAUS 2011. pdf. Policies for high-growth innovative SMES v1. 6 100 Moore, Geoffrey (1998:
Ministry of Employment and the Economy of Finland, http://www. tem. fi/?/l=en&s=2383, last accessed May 2011.
Interviews Jonathan Potter, OECD, Senior Economist, Local Economic and Employment Development. 1 june 2010. Burton Lee, Innovarium Ventures, 17 august 2010.
a quantile regression approach 2009 Shane Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy 2008 Acs/Mueller Employment effects of business dynamics:
and immigrants provided by the Ministry of Employment and the Economy. http://www. yrityssuom i. fi***Vigo,
by Finnish Ministry of Employment and Economy The programme bridges the gap between early stage technology firms
The Finnish Ministry of Employment and Economy launched the Vigo Programme in 2009. PROFICT Partners Oy manages the execution of the program.
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