Teleworking

Home working (1)
Non-standard employment (2)
Teleworking (15)
Temporary employment (1)

Synopsis: Employment & working conditions: Employment: Employment structure: Non-standard employment: Teleworking:

Teleworking and virtual meetings are held mainly back by social/psychological (e g. fear of social isolation and adverse impacts on careers) and institutional (lack of support from managers/organisations) barriers.

buying and using smaller cars and teleworking. The policy package with regard to smaller cars consists of economic and regulatory instruments supported by informational measures,

while the policy package for teleworking consists of a wide variety of measures, including economic, regulative, informational and procedural instruments.

The idea of a substitution for motor vehicle travel is represented also well by teleworking or eworking (also known as telecommuting in the US)( table 2). In theory this would decrease the amount of travel time

or at a teleworking center that is nearer the worker's residence than his/her usual work place.

Research by Wells and Nelson (2004) suggests that teleworking would have only a minor impact in terms of reducing emissions,

and air-quality benefits of teleworking at the disaggregate level (e g. Lake, 2003), whereas system-wide the impacts are much more modest,

due to relatively small amounts of teleworking and due to long-term (secondary) impacts counteracting the short-term savings (Mokhtarian, 1998).

) There is, however, still some potential for growth of adoption of teleworking given the type of jobs that lend themselves to this practice;

but actual teleworking remains below its potential level. ICT Innovation and Sustainability of the Transport Sector European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 44 Table 2. ICT use by persons and transport demand Type of ICT use

Exceptions are impacts of teleworking on travel demand and the impacts of ICT use in the transport system on fatality reduction, particularly off-vehicle speed limitation and in-vehicle driver assistance.

rural or isolated localities as well as by facilitating teleworking. For the Romanian companies electronic trade development can bring important advantages namely significant reductions of transaction costs and increase in interaction speed with business partners.

For the common consumer, besides facilities provided by broadband communications already mentioned (as e-Education, teleworking etc.

it is relevant to notice that teleworking in the U s. remains still far from fully deployed;

are likely to result for the whole service sector as teleworking becomes much more widely

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