Like other WBCSD reports, it is the result of a collaborative effort by members of the secretariat and executives from several member companies.
business consultants and marketing associations (Flatten et al 2011). Absorptive capacity is determined by entrepreneurship and firm-level attributes.
comprising 27 firms, 3 experts, 11 major players of the local innovation system and one global buyer.
They work from home, with casual workers generally sitting outside on small chairs or on the ground.
or as apprentices at subcontractors or exporters. Those who combine export and subcontracting have characteristics in between exporters and subcontractors.
980 Staff number 81 16 25 Number of workers at subcontractors 311 32 68 Staff in-house
‘5 workers I trained really well. I also give them an opportunity to express themselves.
In the west, designers give detailed specification to their workers. I just give an idea and design,
and workers can add ideas that fit in better with their technique. We are a team.
age of the firm and number of workers in subcontractors have no significant impact. Figure 4:
Our workers were thinking that the low IKEA quality is viable for all our clients.
whom often pay workers piece-rates. For some buyers, such as IKEA and the Body shop, limited control of labor and environmental standards within the value chain provide reasons to adapt their value chain management or even leave Yogyakarta.
generally sourced from within the cluster and produced by skilled workers from the village itself. These traditional clusters have a deep social embedding, with locally rooted value systems and strong ties of association.
But the chamber only has 5 employees, servicing thousands of firms in Yogyakarta province. Business associations are criticized also widely.
#7) as supervisor.(.While I was asked working, I permission to establish my own firm. I still consider myself his worker,
but at home I am the boss.''And later he adds:‘‘Resp.##7 does not give me many orders anymore.
4 Medium silver Budi silver Subcon 1 0 1 High silver LSE=more than 100 employees MSE=10-99 employees SSE=1
-9 employees Turnover=average past 5 years Price segment product ranges from low, medium, high to top end Number of employees=average last 5 years Source:
data collection IHS Working Paper 27.2013. Innovation in SMES. The case of home accessories in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 42 Annex 2:
, Yogyakarta City council Ma'sum, Director and operation manager, Estetika, Yogyakarta Mark Kwami, Director MKWAMI Design Services, consultant of CBI Nurhadi, production manager
the Commission will consult experts and take into account the advice of all stakeholders considering the existing standards
and traffic experts in and around Amsterdam at the end of March 2010. Roadworks'warning wrong-way-driver alert and protection of vulnerable road users were among the applications on show.
>set up an Expert Group on Urban ITS as a collaboration platform to promote ITS initiatives in the area of urban mobility and in particular to:>
AND ACHIEVEMENTS The Expert Group on Urban ITS was established and met for the first time on 8 december 2010,
/0 p urban mobility/action plan en. htm>>Expert Group on Urban ITS in the European commission's Register of Expert Groups:
http://ec. europa. eu/transport/urban/Setup of a specific ITS collaboration platform to promote ITS initiatives in the area of urban mobility Expert Group on Urban ITS>A c T I O
with the development of detection systems to warn drivers of the presence of pedestrians, cyclists or street maintenance workers.
with the pilot acting as a supervisor/controller able to intervene or modify settings as necessary.
These take account of the mobility requirements of visitors, employees, participants and VIPS, within the framework of general event logistics.
because the number of employees does not reach 20 in more than half of the business research organizations active in the field of R&d.
because the number of employees is more than 250 only in one-tenth of the business research organizations pursuing R&d activities.
growth in productivity, growth in rate of exporting SMES (especially the RDIINTENSIVE medium-sized enterprises), growth in rate of innovative companies among active companies with more than 10 employees (the ratio to be increased to 30
Ex-ante evaluation by experts in the first quarter of 2013. The competences of the implementing institutional system are aligned not with the objectives.
which the companies take account of the interests of society by having regard to effect of their activities on their business partners, suppliers, employees, shareholders and also the environment.
The experts will have an information on the common position of the professional community by receiving feedback on the results of the previous rounds and in view of these facts,
while only 15%of all employees are employed by them. The growth potential of national economy providing two-thirds of the employment is weak,
The employees employed at research and development workplaces carry out research and development activities and participate in their promotion in one part of
In this case, the actual number of employees employed at the research and development organisation is indicated in the ratio of the time spent on research and development to the whole working time.
and employs ten or more employees at the beginning of the examined period. The growth can be measured by the number of employees and turnover.
Network: system of co-operation characterized by common goals, interdependence and comparative advantages. The networking co-operations have different forms;
The total number of their employees is between 10 and 50 and their annual net turnover or balance sheet does exceed not EUR 10 million.
Those enterprises whose total number of employees is between 50 and 250 and their annual net turnover does exceed not EUR 50 million
business culture, qualification of the labour force, education and training institutions, services supporting innovation, technology transfer mechanisms, R&d and ICT infrastructure, mobility of researchers, business incubators
The total number of their employees is between 10 and 50 and their annual net turnover or balance sheet does exceed not EUR 10 million.
Additional indicators related to the objectives and prioritized during the strategic monitoring Increasing the ratio of companies (with more than 10 employees) engaged in technological innovation to 30%The ratio of companies (with more than 10 employees) introducing new products
Business Expenditure on Research and development (BERD) 2011/2012 FORFÁS BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 1 Table of contents Table of contents 1 Executive Summary 3 Caveats 5
2011 33 FORFÁS BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 3 Executive Summary The biennial Business Expenditure on Research and development (BERD) Survey 2011/2012 is conducted jointly by the Central Statistics Office (CSO)
Medium and large enterprises (more than 50 employees) accounted for almost threequarters of BERD in 2011.89 per cent of BERD funding was from company funds in 2011, down from 92 per cent in 2009.
Small firms with less than 50 employees accounted for 69 per cent of all R&d active firms.
with medium/large firms with 50+employees holding the majority share between 2003 and 2011.
However, the share of total BERD accounted for by small firms (less than 50 employees) increased from 24 per cent in 2003 to 27 per cent in 2011.
CSO databank, Forfás BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 10 shows that over 19,000 employees or 14,000 on a full time equivalent (FTE) basis were engaged in R&d in 2011.
Personnel engaged in R&d increased by 3, 295 (a 21 per cent increase) since 2009 and by 7, 034 employees over the decade.
Small R&d firms (less than 50 employees) increased by 41 per cent since 2003, from 757 firms to 1, 109 firms in 2011.
Medium/large R&d performing firms (more than 50 employees) increased by 48 per cent since 2003 to 499 firms in 2011.
Plan for Jobs 2013 Forfás, DJEI February 2013 A Review of the Equity Investment Landscape In Ireland Forfás January 2013 Regional Labour markets Bulletin 2012 EGFSN
65 percent of American workers ages 55-65 are employed, while only 55 percent of European workers are. 22 Moreover,
a greater share of the EU population is above age 65.23 In 2013,18. 2 percent of the population of the EU-27 nations was 65 years
while at the same time ensuring that after-tax worker incomes continue to rise. However, if Europe's current low productivity growth rate persists,
and leaving no surplus for workers who would see no income growth. 24 BOX 1:
or services and input is typically an hour of labor, a single worker, or a combination of workers and physical capital.
Using hours of work or the amount of workers as the denominator yields labor productivity (the measure used in this report unless otherwise specified),
while using the combination of workers, physical capital, and other inputs as the denominator yields total factor productivity (TFP;
TFP is called also multi-factor productivity, or MFP, when using only workers and physical capital).
Productivity is the main determinant of national income per person, because over the long term a nation can consume only what it produces
The majority of jobs in Europe are traded in non sectors where productivity gains go directly to European workers and consumers.
because growth can occur simply by adding more workers. While demographic shifts are important for the absolute size of the economy,
The United states has a higher percentage of workers employed by large firms than all European countries.
particularly because labor market regulation can limit the number of employees a firm chooses to have. 134 France,
for example, has a number of laws that apply only to businesses with 50 or more employees,
and this provides an incentive for firms to stay under the 50-worker threshold. 135 Land use regulations,
pay higher wages, injure their workers less, are more innovative, and export more. 174 This is not to say that small firms do not add value.
and the UK have the smallest proportion of workers in small firms and have some of the highest labor productivity rates. 176 On the other hand,
and has the highest percentage of small firms in Europe (two-thirds of Greek firms have under 20 workers).
OECD Statextracts (Short-term Labour market Statistics: Activity Rates, aged 55-65, all persons; accessed February 13, 2014), http://stats. oecd. org. 23.
Cristiano Antonelli and Francesco Quatraro, Localized Technological Change and Efficiency Wages across European Regional Labour markets, Regional Studies 47, no. 10 (2013): 1686 1700.115.
a country would have to replace 20 percent of its jobs with average value-added per worker with jobs having a value-added of over 50 percent more, an unlikely transformation at best.
The performance of Croatia (HR), Czech republic (CZ), Greece (EL), Hungary (HU), Italy (IT), Lithuania (LT), Executive summary Innovation Union Scoreboard 2014 5 leaders
Fast-growing enterprises are defined as firms with average annualised growth in employees of more than 10%a year, over a three-year period
and with 10 or more employees at the beginning of the observation period. Total employment in fast-growing enterprises in the business economy (without financial sector) The indicator shows the degree of innovativeness of successful entrepreneurial activities.
Eurostat Eurostat 3. 2. 1 Employment in knowledgeintensive activities(%of total employment) Number of employed persons in knowledge-intensive activities in business industries.
Knowledgeintensive activities are defined, based on EU Labour force Survey data, as all NACE Rev. 2 industries at 2-digit level where at least 33%of employment has a higher education degree (ISCED5
The comparable EIS 2009 indicator focuses on doctorate graduates in science and engineering (S&e) and social sciences and humanities (SSH) following the recommendations received from Member States and experts during the revision of the EIS in 2008
New methods of organising work responsibilities and decision making (i e. first use of a new system of employee responsibilities, team work, decentralisation, integration or de-integration of departments, education/training systems,
Number of employed persons in knowledge-intensive activities in business industries. Knowledge-intensive activities are defined, based on EU Labour force Survey data,
as all NACE Rev. 2 industries at 2-digit level where at least 25%of employment has a higher education degree (ISCED5A or ISCED6).
when experts may not be at hand. Available evidence suggests outcomes do not suffer. For instance, nurses'performance in answering clinical questions unaided generally falls below that of doctors
Contrasting Experts'Views, organized by IPTS in Seville in November 2011. Finally, thorough checking and editing of the text by Patricia Farrer is acknowledged gratefully. 3 Preface This report is the result of a study conducted in 2011 and 2012,
3 Executive Summary...7 1. Introduction...11 2. US-EU Innovation Performance in Web Services, Display Technologies and Robotics...
105 7 Executive Summary Innovation in US and EU companies was analysed in three ICT subsectors (web services, display technologies,
Moreover, the literature shows that stricter regulation of labour is correlated with lower labour force participation and higher unemployment, especially of the young (Botero et al, 2004.
Thus there is a tradition of workers moving between start-ups, a mechanism which provides both job security and mobility of the skilled workforce,
The internal corporate culture is shaped by the prior experience of the key workers and decision takers in the industry,
Good practice and future developments, Expert Group on Impacts of R&d Tax Incentives, Final Report, European commission, DG Research, http://ec. europa. eu/invest-in-research
Assessing Europe's University-based Research, Expert Group on Assessment of University-based Research, EUR 24187 EN, DG Research,
Despite this activity, some analysts believe that as the company has got bigger so quickly it is finding it difficult to maintain its success. 39 Google has insisted famously that its employees be allowed to spend 20%of their time working on projects other than their core work (Innovation Time out ITO.
Many of the Google's original employees became instant paper millionaires. IPR was of great concern to Page
Page and Brin were notoriously choosy about who they allowed to join as a partner or as employees.
Germany and it has 420 employees worldwide. Its revenues from its services announced 29 february 2012 rose by 22%over the 2010 results, to €66. 2 million.
A typical member is not a senior executive but a middle manager. As stated in its annual report,
but to cater 72 for local languages for middle management professionals who network in that language. Its aim is also to be more than a directory of business contacts.
with more than 24,000 expert groups and networking events from London to Beijing to New york. Another much used feature of XING is that it allows users to see how people are connected,
The high quality of service also has led to low churn rates-with its customer services department employing around two thirds of all employees.
Holst Centre has over 145 employees from around 25 nationalities and a commitment from close to 20 industrial partners.
At buyout E Ink had around 127 employees, with its VP for R&d coming from Kodak.
many layers of management and generous employee benefits. Plenty of cash allowed Kodak to invest in research of all kinds
) Later, the company adopted Google-like practices with employees encouraged to use"free time"to work on their own ideas to develop prototypes.
It has some 5, 990 employees and revenues of €1. 079 billion for an operating income of €24. 8 million (all FY 2010.
Starting with minimal staff, Amatec now has over 50 employees, with a major focus being the combination of vision and force.
KUKA has participated also in other major EC projects notably SME Robot-The SME worker‘s third hand and Phreinds for a safe human-robot collaboration.
and acknowledge the following experts and colleagues for their valuable input and comments: Zoe Kay (DG CONNECT), Jean-paul Simon (JPS Consulting), Andrea De Panizza (OECD), Marc Bogdanowicz (JRC-IPTS), Paul Desruelle (JRC-IPTS) and all the
38 5. 1. 3 Employer Ranking of a Computer science Faculty...40 5. 1. 4 Citations Ranking of a Computer science Faculty...
32 Academic ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 2 10 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 3 11 Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 4 29 R&d
18 Academic ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 2 7 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 3 3 Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 4 6 R&d
of a Computer science faculty Agrd 2 8 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 3 8 Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 4 4 R&d expenditures by ICT
faculty Agrd 2 2 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 3 3 Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 4 4 R&d expenditures by ICT firms
. 1. 3 Employer Ranking of a Computer science Faculty Table 17: Top ranking regions according to the Employer Computer science faculty QS Ranking indicator Rank NUTS3 Code Region name Indicator Value EIPE Rank 1 UKH12
Cambridgeshire CC 100 5 2 UKJ14 Oxfordshire 95 19 3 UKI12 Inner London-East 68 2 4 UKI22 Outer London
30 GR300 Attiki 28 49 Indicator description Indicator ID Agrd 3 Name of indicator Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty What does it measure?
Measures the performance of the Computer science faculty according to the employer ranking of QS Unit of measurement The highest rank of a Computer science faculty in the employer ranking Definition of ICT dimension Computer science faculty Unit
Frequency of the Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty indicator values 1244 1 3 3 12 12 11 6 6 1 1 1 2 0
500 1000 1500 Frequency 0 20 40 60 80 100 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Table 18:
Descriptive statistics of Employer Computer science faculty QS Ranking indicator Number of observations Mean value Standard deviation Variance 1303 1. 47 7. 63 58.27 42 5
of indicator Universities ranked in the QS University ranking Academic ranking of a Computer science faculty Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty R&d expenditures by ICT firms ICT FP7 funding
Measures the number of universities in QS university ranking Measures the performance of the Computer science faculty according to the academic ranking of QS Measures the performance of the Computer science faculty according to the employer ranking of QS Measures the performance
number of EU ranked universities to a region's share in the EU population The highest rank of a Computer science faculty in the academic ranking The highest rank of a Computer science faculty in the employer ranking The highest rank of a Computer science
the QS uses its proprietary datasets that enable to drill down by subject area, namely academic and employer reputation surveys and the Scopus data for the Citations per Faculty indicator in the global rankings.
which they consider themselves expert. For EACH of the (up to five) faculty areas they identify,
Employer reputation survey considers the students'employability as a key factor in the evaluation of international universities and in 2010 drew on over 5,
The employer survey works on a similar basis to the academic one only without the channelling for different faculty areas.
Employers are asked to identify up to ten domestic and thirty international institutions they consider excellent for the recruitment of graduates.
Employers seeking graduates from any discipline are weighted at 0. 1 and those from a parent category (i e.
Weightings are based on publications patterns and level of employer interest in the given subject area. Weightings are applied not evenly between indicators for different disciplines
40%Employer: 30%Citations: 30%8. 2 ICT FP7 by EC DG Connect The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development,
data (assets, capital stock, number of employees, etc.)and R&d expenditures. This information was included combines information in the following sources:
Regarding the selection of companies out of the ORBIS database and the construction of indicators on the number of employees, turnover, intangible and R&d expenditures at the NUTS 3 level,
Venturesource by Dow jones Dow jones Venturesource provides comprehensive data on venture-backed and private equity-backed companies including their investors and executives in every region, industry sector and stage of development
and acknowledge the following experts and colleagues for their valuable input and comments: Zoe Kay (DG CONNECT), Jean-paul Simon (JPS Consulting), Andrea De Panizza (OECD), Marc Bogdanowicz (JRC-IPTS), Paul Desruelle (JRC-IPTS) and all the
Residents, workers, and firms are agglomerated typically in urban areas, which gives rise to the notion of agglomeration economies (M. Fujita & Thisse, 2002;
company registers) rather than experts'opinions or surveys. 9 Some secondary data sources were used such as the (ICT) industrial scoreboard (JRC-IPTS).
faculty Agrd 2 2 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 3 3 Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 4 4 R&d expenditures by ICT firms
of indicator Universities ranked in the QS University ranking Academic ranking of a Computer science faculty Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty R&d expenditures by ICT firms FP7 funding
Measures the number of universities in QS university ranking Measures the performance of the Computer science faculty according to the academic ranking of QS Measures the performance of the Computer science faculty according to the employer ranking of QS Measures the performance
number of EU ranked universities to a region's share in the EU population The highest rank of a Computer science faculty in the academic ranking The highest rank of a Computer science faculty in the employer ranking The highest rank of a Computer science
the EIPE study used QS proprietary datasets to investigate its subject area at three levels, namely academic and employer reputation surveys and the Scopus data for the Citations per Faculty indicator.
which they consider themselves expert. For each of the faculty areas they identify, respondents are asked to list up to ten domestic
The Employer reputation survey considers the students'employability as a key factor in the evaluation of international universities and in 2010 drew on over 5,
The employer survey works on a similar basis to the academic one only without the channelling for different faculty areas.
Employers are asked to identify up to ten domestic and thirty international institutions they consider 16 More information under:
Employers seeking graduates from any discipline are weighted at 0. 1 and those from a parent category (i e.
while constructing the indicators on the number of employees, turnover, intangible and R&d expenditures at the NUTS 3 level,
Venturesource by Dow jones Dow jones Venturesource provides comprehensive data on venture capital-backed and private equity-backed companies including their investors and executives in every region, industry sector and stage of development
Economic and Labour market Review, 4 (7), 56-65. Ciccone, A, . & Hall, R. E. 1996).
and explained and discussed with peers, experts and critical friends from regions in other countries.
Advice from peers from other regions or international experts may just be pushing fashions which may be more or less relevant and useful.
such as Education (lack of adaptation to globally competing existing industries) Infrastructure Labour market education You should also consider to what extent the existing fragmentation of your triple helix is caused by the educational system,
Therefore, we have looked also at the number of employees per sector (NACE code categories) and growth of employment.
Report of the Independent Expert Group on R&d and Innovation. Asheim, B.,Boschma, R, . and Cooke, P. 2007).
At the same time, it must be noted that many companies have no employees or their size is unknown, something
The ICT sector has a major role on the labour market: In 2011 the ICT industry employed 94,800,
as the above results are explained largely by the sheer scale of the labour markets of the countries concerned.
Share of innovative businesses with at least 10 employees in various sectors of the national economy and in the manufacturing industry, 2008-2010.
The majority of the ICT sector's innovative companies with at least 10 employees (like the majority of other sectors) are engaged in product or procedural innovation and organisational or marketing innovation at the same time,
Share of innovative companies with at least 10 employees by type of innovation in 2008-2010.
Share of innovative businesses with at least 10 employees in various sectors of the national economy vs manufacturing industry sectors, 2008-2010.
Share of innovative companies with at least 10 employees by type of innovation in 2008-2010.
and its R&d activity is conducted by its own employees and its own infrastructure. R&d expenditure:
Their most signiicant employer is the business enterprise sector. In Baranya Csongrád and Hajdú-Bihar counties because of academic research in their universities the number of researchers is high. 7393 4120 Budapest 14125 capita (FTE) Apart from Budapest 8894 capita
Income per employee of innovative and non-innovative enterprises in Hungary the average income per employee of enterprises with both technological and non-technological innovations*is two times higher than that of their non-innovative competitors
the survey is fully comprehensive for the companies working with more than 100 employees in the industry and service sectors,
and based on a sample in respect of the ones working with less then 100 (but min. 10) employees.
Maxim kazmin-Fotolia I CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Benefits of conventional broadband and ultra-fast broadband 1 The goals of the Digital Agenda for Europe 1 Ability of different
Typical maximum achievable speeds for various wireless solutions 33 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The goals of the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE),
and WIK-Consult20 suggests that companies adopting broadband-based processes improve their employees'labour productivity by 5%on average in the manufacturing sector,
since they will be obvious to the experts and uninteresting to other readers. $0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 USD billion Broadband Bonus Quality-adjusted
the long term potential to increase the upstream bandwidth available with cable is underrated significantly by most experts (see Section 5. 3. 4). 78 Note, incidentally,
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