using the mobile telephones to support frontline workers or using cable television or the Internet to strengthen local communities.
By comparison, in business the early phases of fast-growing enterprises often involve ruthless turnover of managers and executives.
what became the Expert Patients Programme in the U k. National Health Service); similarly the open-source methods have taken models from academia
and Incubation Learn about digital social innovation Index Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 6 2. Dynamic crowdmapping of the DSI community 8 4. Assessing Innovation Strategy (WP3):
Executive Summary Innovation policy and the need to reinvent policy to foster Digital Social Innovation in Europe The Study on Social Innovation in a Digital Agenda focuses on mapping
Co-designing DSI policies We have been experimenting participatory methodology to engage practicioners, experts and policy makers in the generation of DSI policy policy ideas, issuse and future scenarios.
The workshop brought together over 70 DSI practitioners, experts, and policy makers from different European countries. As main outcome of the workshop, were identified
culminating with our final DSI event with more than 400 DSI policy makers, experts and practitioners in Brussels, December 16, 2014.
crowdmapping actors and networks'with presentations and panel discussion from European DSI experts. The primary focus of the session was to engage the DSI community in kicking off the DSI research
experts and practitioners from across Europe to discuss and develop policy ideas for supporting digital social innovation.
The summit brought together 198 experts (157 domestic and 41 international) in order to generate policy proposals to boost the productive exchange matrix in Ecuador.
private and public sectors and high-tech experts in Northern ireland can capitalise on the potential for digital technology for social good.
do enough R&d internally to recognize external significant R&d Advantages First movers advantage Having better business models is more important than being a first mover Employees Professional employees inside the company Working with professional within inside
and designated experts (technocrats) Knowledge and information from inside and outside the organizational boundaries of governments Decision making principle Rationale and based on traditional information sources Behavioural, design-led
and 6) competition platforms (that are becoming more popular to source experts and expertise in different areas.
The workshop brought together over 70 DSI practitioners, researchers, experts, and policy makers from different European countries,
when they were founded, turnover, number of users, size of organisation, employees etc) What they were trying to achieve with their service,
issues To summarise the preliminary themes that have emerged from the community of experts and practitioners of DSI, there are a number of perceived future Internet threats (such as concentration of power and surveillance),
valuable thought leadership concerning the issues faced by executives in today's rapidly changing automotive industry.
and discusses what executives should consider when weighing the pros and cons and evaluating the details of establishing new relationships.
and senior manufacturing executives worldwide. The report confirms that the landscape for competitive manufacturing is in the midst of a massive power shift based on an in depth analysis of survey responses.
The decline in EU labour productivity growth rates in the mid-990s was attributed equally to a lower investment per employee and to a slowdown in the rate of technological progress (Kok, 2004.
or institution takes a job traditionally performed by a designated agent (usually an employee) and outsources it to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call over the Internet.
and imposed by experts mediating on behalf of the users. The formal languages used have a high expressive power
but due to their complexity the codification requires mediation by experts. As a consequence, due to the scarcity of human resources, very limited aspects of the‘real world'have been described.
in contrast to the approach of establishing formal ontologies by domain experts. Loose associations of concepts and a greater flexibility and adaptability in organising information links are based on a minimum level of shared meaning that allows the emergence of cooperation among users.
more visible performance to the relevant audience (peers, labour market, and venture capital community; 2) higher impact of effort on performance;
but less relevant to this discussion. 27) The acronym FLOSS stands For free/Libre/Open-source Software 28) An‘epistemic community'is a network of knowledge-based experts or groups with an authoritative claim to policy
Finally, the name of the employing workers indicator set has been changed to labor market regulation, and the scope of this indicator set has also been changed.
and on benefits provided to workers. The labor market regulation indicators continue to be excluded from the aggregate distance to frontier score
The labor market regulation indicators (formerly employing workers) are included not in this year's aggregate ease of doing business ranking,
Doing Business 2015 Spain 16 STARTING A BUSINESS Formal registration of companies has many immediate benefits for the companies and for business owners and employees.
And their employees can benefit from protections provided by the law. An additional benefit comes with limited liability companies.
Has between 10 and 50 employees. Conducts general commercial or industrial activities. WHAT THE STARTING A BUSINESS INDICATORS MEASURE Procedures to legally start
Has 60 builders and other employees. The warehouse: Is valued at 50 times income per capita. Is a new construction (there was no previous construction on the land.
The indicators reported here for Spain are based on a set of specific procedures the steps that a company must complete to legally build a warehouse identified by Doing Business through information collected from experts in construction licensing,
Have 50 employees each, all of whom are nationals. The property (fully owned by the seller:
and firms listed in credit registry as percentage of adult population Has up to 50 employees.
(i e. before tax claims and employee claims) when a debtor defaults outside an insolvency procedure?
(i e. before tax claims and employee claims) when a business is liquidated? Yes are secured creditors subject to an automatic stay on enforcement
or corporate income tax Social contributions and labor taxes paid by the employer Property and property transfer taxes Dividend,
(%of profit) Notes on total tax rate Employer paid-Social security contributions 1 online filing 90 30.9%gross salaries 35.68 Corporate income tax 1 online
amount Employee paid-Social security contributions 0 paid jointly 6. 35%gross salaries 0 withheld Value added tax (VAT) 1 online filing 44
The case study assumes that the court hears an expert on the quality of the goods in dispute.
*Court appointment of independent expert: Judge appoints, either at the parties'request or at his own initiative, an independent expert to decide
whether the quality of the goods Plaintiff delivered to Defendant is adequate. see assumption 5-b 17 Notification of court-appointment of independent expert:
The court notifies both parties that the court is appointing an independent expert (see assumption 5-b).*Delivery of expert report by court-appointed expert:
The independent expert, appointed by the court, delivers his or her expert report to the court (see assumption 5-b). 18 Pretrial conference on procedure:
The judge meets with the parties to discuss procedural issues (for example which applications and motions parties intend to file,
Witnesses and a court-appointed independent expert may be heard and questioned at the oral hearing. 23 Adjournments:
The court or court-appointed valuation expert evaluates the attached goods. 38 Call for public auction:
specifically as it affects the hiring and redundancy of workers and the rigidity of working hours.
Also new is that Doing Business collects data on regulations applying to employees hired through temporary-work agencies as well as on those applying to permanent employees
or employees hired on fixed-term contracts. The indicators also cover additional areas of labor market regulation
Over the period from 2007 to 2011 improvements were made to align the methodology for the labor market regulation indicators (formerly the employing workers indicators) with the letter and spirit of the International labour organization (ILO) conventions.
employee termination, weekend work, holiday with pay, night work, protection against unemployment and medical care and sickness benefits.
Between 2009 and 2011 the World bank Group worked with a consultative group including labor lawyers, employer and employee representatives,
and experts from the ILO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), civil society and the private sector to review the methodology for the labor market regulation indicators
http://www. doingbusiness. org/methodology/employing-workers. Doing Business 2015 presents the data for the labor market regulation indicators in an annex.
several assumptions about the worker and the business are used. The worker: Is a cashier in a supermarket
or a grocery store Is a full-time employee Is not a member of the labor union, unless membership is mandatory The business:
Is a limited liability company (or the equivalent in the economy) with 60 employees. Operates a supermarket or grocery store in the economy's largest business city.
For 11 economies the data are collected also for the second largest business city. Is subject to collective bargaining agreements
and regulation but does not grant workers more benefits than those mandated by law, regulation or (if applicable) collective bargaining agreements.
Doing Business 2015 Spain LABOR MARKET REGULATION Employment laws are needed to protect workers from arbitrary or unfair treatment and to ensure efficient contracting between employers and workers.
Many economies that changed their labor market regulation in the past 5 years did so in ways that increased labor market flexibility.
and (iv) the ratio of the minimum wage to the average value added per worker. The average value added per worker is the ratio of an economy's GNI per capita to the working-age population as a percentage of the total population.
Difficulty of hiring index Data Fixed-term contracts prohibited for permanent tasks? Yes Maximum length of a single fixed-term contract (months) It depends on the type of fixed-term contract:(
including renewals (months) 12 Minimum wage applicable to the worker assumed in the case study (US$/month) 1140.02 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 31 Source:
and (vii) the average paid annual leave for workers with 1 year of tenure, 5 years of tenure and 10 years of tenure.
No Paid annual leave for a worker with 1 year of tenure (in working days) 22.0 Paid annual leave for a worker with 5 years of tenure (in working days) 22.0 Paid annual leave for a worker with 10
years of tenure (in working days) 22.0 Paid annual leave (average for workers with 1, 5 and 10 years of tenure, in working days) 22.0 Source:
ii) whether redundancy is disallowed as a basis for terminating workers;(iii) whether the employer needs to notify a third party (such as a government agency) to terminate 1 redundant worker;(
iv) whether the employer needs to notify a third party to terminate a group of 9 redundant workers;(
v) whether the employer needs approval from a third party to terminate 1 redundant worker;(vi) whether the employer needs approval from a third party to terminate a group of 9 redundant workers;(
vii) whether the law requires the employer to reassign or retrain a worker before making the worker redundant;(
viii) whether priority rules apply for redundancies; and (ix) whether priority rules apply for reemployment.
Difficulty of redundancy index Data Maximum length of probationary period (months) 2. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law?
Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed? Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed? No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed? No Retraining or reassignment obligation before redundancy? No Priority rules for redundancies?
No Priority rules for reemployment? No Source: Doing Business database. Doing Business 2015 Spain 86 LABOR MARKET REGULATION Redundancy cost Redundancy cost measures the cost of advance notice requirements,
severance payments and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weeks of salary.
The average value of notice requirements and severance payments applicable to a worker with 1 year of tenure, a worker with 5 years and a worker with 10 years is considered.
One month is recorded as 4 and 1/3 weeks. Redundancy cost indicator (in salary weeks) Data Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 1 year of tenure 2. 1 Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker
with 5 years of tenure 2. 1 Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 10 years of tenure 2. 1 Notice period for redundancy dismissal (average
for workers with 1, 5 and 10 years of tenure) 2. 1 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 1 year of tenure 2. 9 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal
for a worker with 5 years of tenure 14.3 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 10 years of tenure 28.6 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (average for workers with 1, 5
and 10 years of tenure) 15.2 Source: Doing Business database. Social protection schemes and benefits & Labor disputes Doing Business collects data on the existence of unemployment protection schemes as well as data on
whether employers are required legally to provide health insurance for employees with permanent contracts. Doing Business also assesses the mechanisms available to resolve labor disputes.
More specifically, it collects data on what courts would be competent to hear labor disputes
Yes Health insurance existing for permanent employees? Yes Availability of courts or court sections specializing in labor disputes?
. 0 International License 3contentsdsi Interim Report Executive Summary iemerging Findings iiintroduction 5what is DSI? 5why is interested the European commission in Digital Social Innovation?
Innovation Interim Report Executive Summary i DSI Interim Report Executive Summary Digital Social Innovation (DSI) is an emerging field of study,
with little existing knowledge on who the digital social innovators are, which organizations, and activities support them
Morrell Fellow of the Berkman Centre, Researcher, Institute of Govern and Public Policies (AUB) Gohar Sargsyan Adviser and founding member, OISPG;
Consultant Logicadaniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundationsimona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledgemarkkula Markku Committee of the Regions, Rapporteur Europe
Secondary sources were used to understand the position and significance of the organisations whilst other key players, such as DSI experts,
A number of informal interactions were conducted with the entrepreneurs/practice leads, their employees, and relevant DSI communities.
or for their workers to find affordable homes. Running or hosting Makerspaces, Hackerspaces, Living Labs or Urban Labs:
and transparency by supporting journalists and other experts to access information and report key stories.
and number of employees. New clustering and categories will then emerge from the empirical data.
and share it in a peer-to-peer manner rather than via a top-down hierarchy controlled by experts or some other appointed group.
A commission of independent experts involving both grassroots activists and government employees gathered from across the city,
each with a track-record of success in their particular neighbourhoods, would be more effective than so-called independent private contractor in determining how to best unify a website that can provide access to information about public resources in the city.
This commission of experts should not simply solidify their position as experts in creating websites,
so that the public service workers in London can maintain their own website without again gathering all the experts from the various boroughs
This will be conducted using interviews with experts, which identify the main failures and shortcomings. These shortcomings will be matched with the design methodology
and who hire the founders as consultants. What were the main barriers to innovate? Many questioned if it would be possible to forge a sustainable business model considering the entire basis for Arduino relies upon open source technologies (in fact,
This global organisation is run by a small, highly-skilled online team of 11-50 employees,
Good results in terms of applications that solve problems need the input of domain experts. Generic coding skills lead to beautiful visualisations, not more.
A lot of effort is spent is connecting data owners, technicians and domain experts. This pays off in the end.
but by supporting independent miners and manufacturers who guarantee basic standards to their employees. On November 13 2013 Fairphone announced that it had sold the first batch of 25,000 smartphones,
and to negotiate terms with manufacturers to ensure a living wage for workers assembling the devices.
Fairphone works with factories where a specially established fund will ensure decent wages are distributed amongst workers.
out of its 227 employees there are virtually no managers, and staff are given a great degree of autonomy in choosing the types of projects they wish to work on;
and innovation are contingent upon employees investing themselves in the projects they commit themselves to.
Another revenue stream is Github Jobs where employers can post job offers for $450/listing. According to Peter Levine, general partner at Andreessen Horowitz, Github had been growing revenue at 300%annually since 2008, profitably nearly the entire way.
legislators and government workers. Since any open-licensed project can be hosted on Github for free,
The code for the informational part of Healthcare. gov the frontend of the site was written by a Washington, D c. startup (Development Seed) and a small team of consultants.
and private businesses and corporations who want to engage their employees in making strategic decisions. At its simplest the process of using Liquid Feedback can be described as follows.
or meet the experts of the City of Vienna, as well as an online forum. In 2012 two participation projects based around ideas of‘collaborative democracy'took place:
Schwedenplatz (where citizens came together with experts as part of a design competition organised by the City of Vienna to draft a mission statement to regenerate the Schwedenplatz area.
and active comments have been asked for from countless experts and copyright organisations. A number of factors surrounding copyright law in Finland demonstrate how it is an example of an initiative likely to gather the critical mass necessary for it to be voted on in parliament.
Having been reviewed by these volunteer experts the Open Ministry's law proposals are more compatible
and to provide collaboration tools that enable citizens to develop their ideas into actual law proposals with the help of volunteer experts.
just as volunteers make up a body of relevant experts who can offer consultative campaign and legal advice to transform potentially good ideas into viable proposals to be debated on in parliament.
and collaborate in partnership with voluntary legal and campaign experts. The Open Ministry also encourages users to sign
Almost all employees of Peerby own a piece of the company through stock options and through these have a direct stake in its successes and failures,
Later on Ray Ozzie a data expert based in Boston joined the conversation when the question of how to release
and you connect to your employer's computers to check or send mail, you can inadvertently reveal your national origin
. 0 International License 3contentsdsi Interim Report Executive Summary iemerging Findings iiintroduction 5what is DSI? 5why is interested the European commission in Digital Social Innovation?
Innovation Interim Report Executive Summary i DSI Interim Report Executive Summary Digital Social Innovation (DSI) is an emerging field of study,
with little existing knowledge on who the digital social innovators are, which organizations, and activities support them
Morrell Fellow of the Berkman Centre, Researcher, Institute of Govern and Public Policies (AUB) Gohar Sargsyan Adviser and founding member, OISPG;
Consultant Logicadaniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundationsimona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledgemarkkula Markku Committee of the Regions, Rapporteur Europe
Secondary sources were used to understand the position and significance of the organisations whilst other key players, such as DSI experts,
A number of informal interactions were conducted with the entrepreneurs/practice leads, their employees, and relevant DSI communities.
or for their workers to find affordable homes. Running or hosting Makerspaces, Hackerspaces, Living Labs or Urban Labs:
and transparency by supporting journalists and other experts to access information and report key stories.
and number of employees. New clustering and categories will then emerge from the empirical data.
and share it in a peer-to-peer manner rather than via a top-down hierarchy controlled by experts or some other appointed group.
A commission of independent experts involving both grassroots activists and government employees gathered from across the city,
each with a track-record of success in their particular neighbourhoods, would be more effective than so-called independent private contractor in determining how to best unify a website that can provide access to information about public resources in the city.
This commission of experts should not simply solidify their position as experts in creating websites,
so that the public service workers in London can maintain their own website without again gathering all the experts from the various boroughs
This will be conducted using interviews with experts, which identify the main failures and shortcomings. These shortcomings will be matched with the design methodology
and who hire the founders as consultants. What were the main barriers to innovate? Many questioned if it would be possible to forge a sustainable business model considering the entire basis for Arduino relies upon open source technologies (in fact,
This global organisation is run by a small, highly-skilled online team of 11-50 employees,
Good results in terms of applications that solve problems need the input of domain experts. Generic coding skills lead to beautiful visualisations, not more.
A lot of effort is spent is connecting data owners, technicians and domain experts. This pays off in the end.
but by supporting independent miners and manufacturers who guarantee basic standards to their employees. On November 13 2013 Fairphone announced that it had sold the first batch of 25,000 smartphones,
and to negotiate terms with manufacturers to ensure a living wage for workers assembling the devices.
Fairphone works with factories where a specially established fund will ensure decent wages are distributed amongst workers.
out of its 227 employees there are virtually no managers, and staff are given a great degree of autonomy in choosing the types of projects they wish to work on;
and innovation are contingent upon employees investing themselves in the projects they commit themselves to.
Another revenue stream is Github Jobs where employers can post job offers for $450/listing. According to Peter Levine, general partner at Andreessen Horowitz, Github had been growing revenue at 300%annually since 2008, profitably nearly the entire way.
legislators and government workers. Since any open-licensed project can be hosted on Github for free,
The code for the informational part of Healthcare. gov the frontend of the site was written by a Washington, D c. startup (Development Seed) and a small team of consultants.
and private businesses and corporations who want to engage their employees in making strategic decisions. At its simplest the process of using Liquid Feedback can be described as follows.
or meet the experts of the City of Vienna, as well as an online forum. In 2012 two participation projects based around ideas of‘collaborative democracy'took place:
Schwedenplatz (where citizens came together with experts as part of a design competition organised by the City of Vienna to draft a mission statement to regenerate the Schwedenplatz area.
and active comments have been asked for from countless experts and copyright organisations. A number of factors surrounding copyright law in Finland demonstrate how it is an example of an initiative likely to gather the critical mass necessary for it to be voted on in parliament.
Having been reviewed by these volunteer experts the Open Ministry's law proposals are more compatible
and to provide collaboration tools that enable citizens to develop their ideas into actual law proposals with the help of volunteer experts.
just as volunteers make up a body of relevant experts who can offer consultative campaign and legal advice to transform potentially good ideas into viable proposals to be debated on in parliament.
and collaborate in partnership with voluntary legal and campaign experts. The Open Ministry also encourages users to sign
Almost all employees of Peerby own a piece of the company through stock options and through these have a direct stake in its successes and failures,
Later on Ray Ozzie a data expert based in Boston joined the conversation when the question of how to release
and you connect to your employer's computers to check or send mail, you can inadvertently reveal your national origin
In the second half of 2012, discussions started within the Expert Group on ECOMMERCE9 about the modalities of the pilot project.
Two experts'workshops on N&a procedures. Participants in these workshops, working e g. for hosting service providers
A workshop with ADR experts took place in Brussels on 28 february 2012. The Commission services also met bilaterally with stakeholders.
They need specialised employees who can build, maintain and further develop their online business and,
and for business to have qualified employees. Recommendation 15: Consumers and the commerce sector are need in of e-skills to shop and trade online.
%since the start of the initiative and recruited more than 100 employees. www. shields-e. com Good practice examples The Footprint Chronicles:
consultants or can be completed by other technical or business functions as part of other responsibilities. In smaller companies design, market research and R&d may be integrated fairly closely.
diverse concepts and involve stakeholders/experts. Reward buy in when eco-innovative ideas are implemented. Choose whether to pursue patents to protect the novel function,
involving all the company's personnel from shop floor through to senior management. www. orangebox. com www. ecodesigncentrewales. org/sites/default/files/EDC ORANGEBOX ENABLINGECODESIGNINWELSHINDUSTRY. pdf Crawford Hansford & Kimber:
do need you to set up a partnership with consultants or companies that posses this expertise? do need you to train yourself
, innovation experts and eco-innovative cluster organisations. Among many support schemes it has one that helps SMES with developing
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