Medium and large enterprises (more than 50 employees) accounted for almost threequarters of BERD in 2011.89 per cent of BERD funding was from company funds in 2011, down from 92 per cent in 2009.
Small firms with less than 50 employees accounted for 69 per cent of all R&d active firms.
with medium/large firms with 50+employees holding the majority share between 2003 and 2011.
However, the share of total BERD accounted for by small firms (less than 50 employees) increased from 24 per cent in 2003 to 27 per cent in 2011.
CSO databank, Forfás BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys Figure 10 shows that over 19,000 employees or 14,000 on a full time equivalent (FTE) basis were engaged in R&d in 2011.
Personnel engaged in R&d increased by 3, 295 (a 21 per cent increase) since 2009 and by 7, 034 employees over the decade.
Small R&d firms (less than 50 employees) increased by 41 per cent since 2003, from 757 firms to 1, 109 firms in 2011.
Medium/large R&d performing firms (more than 50 employees) increased by 48 per cent since 2003 to 499 firms in 2011.
particularly because labor market regulation can limit the number of employees a firm chooses to have. 134 France,
for example, has a number of laws that apply only to businesses with 50 or more employees,
Fast-growing enterprises are defined as firms with average annualised growth in employees of more than 10%a year, over a three-year period
and with 10 or more employees at the beginning of the observation period. Total employment in fast-growing enterprises in the business economy (without financial sector) The indicator shows the degree of innovativeness of successful entrepreneurial activities.
Eurostat Eurostat 3. 2. 1 Employment in knowledgeintensive activities(%of total employment) Number of employed persons in knowledge-intensive activities in business industries.
New methods of organising work responsibilities and decision making (i e. first use of a new system of employee responsibilities, team work, decentralisation, integration or de-integration of departments, education/training systems,
Number of employed persons in knowledge-intensive activities in business industries. Knowledge-intensive activities are defined, based on EU Labour force Survey data,
Despite this activity, some analysts believe that as the company has got bigger so quickly it is finding it difficult to maintain its success. 39 Google has insisted famously that its employees be allowed to spend 20%of their time working on projects other than their core work (Innovation Time out ITO.
Many of the Google's original employees became instant paper millionaires. IPR was of great concern to Page
Page and Brin were notoriously choosy about who they allowed to join as a partner or as employees.
Germany and it has 420 employees worldwide. Its revenues from its services announced 29 february 2012 rose by 22%over the 2010 results, to €66. 2 million.
The high quality of service also has led to low churn rates-with its customer services department employing around two thirds of all employees.
Holst Centre has over 145 employees from around 25 nationalities and a commitment from close to 20 industrial partners.
At buyout E Ink had around 127 employees, with its VP for R&d coming from Kodak.
many layers of management and generous employee benefits. Plenty of cash allowed Kodak to invest in research of all kinds
) Later, the company adopted Google-like practices with employees encouraged to use"free time"to work on their own ideas to develop prototypes.
It has some 5, 990 employees and revenues of €1. 079 billion for an operating income of €24. 8 million (all FY 2010.
Starting with minimal staff, Amatec now has over 50 employees, with a major focus being the combination of vision and force.
data (assets, capital stock, number of employees, etc.)and R&d expenditures. This information was included combines information in the following sources:
Regarding the selection of companies out of the ORBIS database and the construction of indicators on the number of employees, turnover, intangible and R&d expenditures at the NUTS 3 level,
while constructing the indicators on the number of employees, turnover, intangible and R&d expenditures at the NUTS 3 level,
Therefore, we have looked also at the number of employees per sector (NACE code categories) and growth of employment.
At the same time, it must be noted that many companies have no employees or their size is unknown, something
Share of innovative businesses with at least 10 employees in various sectors of the national economy and in the manufacturing industry, 2008-2010.
The majority of the ICT sector's innovative companies with at least 10 employees (like the majority of other sectors) are engaged in product or procedural innovation and organisational or marketing innovation at the same time,
Share of innovative companies with at least 10 employees by type of innovation in 2008-2010.
Share of innovative businesses with at least 10 employees in various sectors of the national economy vs manufacturing industry sectors, 2008-2010.
Share of innovative companies with at least 10 employees by type of innovation in 2008-2010.
and its R&d activity is conducted by its own employees and its own infrastructure. R&d expenditure:
Income per employee of innovative and non-innovative enterprises in Hungary the average income per employee of enterprises with both technological and non-technological innovations*is two times higher than that of their non-innovative competitors
the survey is fully comprehensive for the companies working with more than 100 employees in the industry and service sectors,
and based on a sample in respect of the ones working with less then 100 (but min. 10) employees.
and WIK-Consult20 suggests that companies adopting broadband-based processes improve their employees'labour productivity by 5%on average in the manufacturing sector,
Tina Sommer-President European Small Business Alliance 1. Introduction Small Business and the EU The importance of micro companies 91.8%micro<10 employees 6
. 9%small<50 employees 1. 1%medium<250 employees 0. 2%large>250 employees 6 7 8 9 2. Small
If you are an enterprise with no more than 250 employees, an annual turnover below € 50 million or a balance sheet total below € 43 million,
meaning less than 10 employees. This group of businesses is accountable for more than two thirds of the EU's workforce.
91.8%micro<10 employees 6. 9%small<50 employees 1. 1%medium<250 employees 0. 2%large>250 employees 1
An obligation on a business, stemming from EU legislation can be perfectly manageable for a company of 200 employees,
to hire new employees or to launch new products. Public Procurement Public Procurement is the purchase of goods, work or services by a government or a public agency.
All SMES with less than 250 employees in all 27 EU countries are eligible. The regions under both the Convergence and Competitiveness objectives are eligible,
SME employees can develop their skills to match the continuous challenges stemming from evolving working environments.
Targets & Targets set out in the National Reform Programme 15 Table 3. 1%Breakdown of Enterprises & Employees in the Midwest Region 21 Table 3 2 Midwest Employment by
Large enterprises(>250 employees) account for less than 1%of the total active enterprises; however, they account for 20%of total employees in enterprises.
Large enterprises and foreign direct investment (FDI) are both a significant economic contributor and employer in the Midwest Region. 21 Research & Innovation Strategy for the Midwest Region of Ireland
Higher education Authority<12 10-49 50-249 250+%Breakdown of Enterprises & Employees 0%20%40%60%80%100%Enterprises Employees Table
3. 1%Breakdown of Enterprises & Employees in the Midwest Region Source: CSO Business Demography 2011 & MWRA Analysis CSO figures from Q1 2012 indicate that industry was the largest employer in the Midwest Region,
They also provide employee training and up-skilling space and information for businesses on the state supports and services that are available to them.
GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees
93%of employees feel that it is the right thing for the organization. But, a mere 36%of CEOS have shared such a vision.
p. 3.)It shows that frontline corporate employees believe they face a strategic imperative to successfully adopt emerging new technologies.
Employees know that technology matters: a full 78%of respondents said achieving digital transformation will become critical to their organizations within the next two years.
The survey found that A current affair Almost half of employees think digital transformation is upon us,
But employee skepticism can also impede pace even when leadership is on board to promote digital transformation.
it had huge buy in fully 93%of employees agreed that digital transformation was the right thing right now for their companies to do,
All company employees are now on an internal social network. Intel has also set up teams based on accounts
%Incentives One obvious way for executives to clear a path for digital transformation is to give employees incentives.
personal advancement) rather than hard financial factors (see Figure 9). Better incentives might help ease employee concerns about digital transformation.
Another said that the pace of digital transformation demanded such speed that it is at risk of diluting employee morale.
Executives and employees need clear rewards for making digital transformation a priority. There are two wrong ways to approach (digital transformation
Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) Ministry of Public Finances (support) Ministry of Labor (support) Promotion of the competitiveness clusters and of the employees'specialization in this field especially in the excellence centers:
the investments was around 3 billion RON, significantly lower than in other countries with a total number of employees of 128.000 in the field of ITC.
The goal for 2020 is to reach 250.000 employees for Romania. While in recent years the ICT sector has observed a slowdown in terms of development and employment,
being funded by a combination of employer and employee contributions to the National Health insurance Fund (NHIF) and of direct allocations from the state budget.
In 2011,128, 000 employees were active in the ITC field, which stands for approximately 3%of the overall man power.
Strategic Lines of Development Lines of action Description/Comments Promotion of innovative clusters and competitiveness poles for regional growth Promotion of the competitiveness clusters and of the employees'specialization in this field especially in the excellence centers:
Average number of employees (thousands individuals) 128,0 131,2 Turnover of enterprises (mil. lei) 40113,3 37254,2 Staff costs (mil. lei) 6671,1 7065,1 Gross
42674 employees were conducting their activities in the R&d sector, roughly the same number registered in late 2011.
Page 105 of 170 Employees in ICT In 2012,131. 200 of employees were active in the field of TIC, around 3%of the overall workforce.
Registration of tax liabilities affects over 5. 1 million employees Source: The Labour Inspection Purchasing a vehicle Registration of the vehicle 1. Obtaining a certificate of authenticity from the Romanian Auto Register 2. Payment of registration fees
National Agency for Employment Losing the job 1. The employment agencies are informed by the employers which intend to have certain reorganizations 30 days before the notice of dismissal 2. Submitting a notice of dismissal by the employer to the employees that are to be dismissed 3. The employment agencies
If the accident was due to the fault of the employee, he/she shall High In 2012: 3,
the employee's compensation procedures are initiated 2011, the number of accidents has dropped by 8%.Source:
updating the skills of employees, and matching education and training systems to labour market needs. Rural Development Programme, RDP The priority,
901 6, 800 KSH annually proportion of companies engaged in technological innovation%2010 18.42 21.00 Eurostat biannually proportion of persons employed by the high-tech and medium-high-tech manufacturing industry to the number of employees%2012
when they were founded, turnover, number of users, size of organisation, employees etc) What they were trying to achieve with their service,
business consultation services and employee and management training to enhance ICT and managerial skills. Policies have shifted over time as firms
most small firms, including micro-enterprises with fewer than ten employees, now have at least one computer terminal, usually with Internet access.
For example, customer databases with a history of client-specific correspondence help managers and employees to respond more effectively to customers.
A company-wide electronic data source aims to disseminate employees'professional experience, for example tips for winning a contract, from
3. In this document, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) are firms with fewer than 250 employees
Micro firms are usually those with fewer than ten employees. 4. In this document, unless otherwise indicated, the terms electronic commerce
and employees and among employees in part because the personnel's daily routine tends to be extremely busy.
client feedback and information on employees'professional experience, such as know-how for winning a contract, can be stored electronically
A Japanese company with 40 employees, which previously recorded sales representatives'field experience in written reports,
Another firm with 40 employees, has established a company-wide intranet with an on-line BBS (bulletin board system)
which all employees can access and in which customers'claims and inquiries are updated categorised and daily.
and employees for responding to customer inquiries, but also make business processes and knowledge accumulation more efficient.
and firm performance. 5 A study of Canadian manufacturing establishments (plants) with ten or more employees (excluding food processing establishments) drawn from Statistics Canada's Business Register,
In most OECD countries, Internet penetration rates for medium-sized firms (50-249 employees) are the same and sometimes higher than for larger firms (more than 250 employees), with penetration rates
Small firms (10-49 employees) have a slightly lower penetration rate, between 60%and 90%(Figure 1). Even in micro-enterprises,
which covers firms with fewer than 500 employees, suggests that firm performance, as measured by profit
Note 2. For Canada, 50-299 employees instead of 50-249 and 300 or more instead of 250 or more.
businesses with 100 or more employees. For The netherlands, 50-199 employees instead of 50-249. For Switzerland, 5-49 employees instead of 10-49 and 5 or more employees instead of 10 or more.
For Mexico, Businesses with 21 or more employees, 21-100 employees instead of 10-49,101-250 instead of 50-249,151-1000 instead of 250 or more.
Note 3. Internet and other computer-mediated networks. Source: OECD, ICT database and Eurostat, Community Survey on ICT usage in enterprises 2002, May 2003.
Data available from surveys in some countries indicate that SMES use the Internet (and e-mail) for better external communications and as a means of obtaining business information.
A study of 484 SMES with fewer than 250 employees in Lanarkshire (Scotland) shows a similar pattern of Internet use.
Percentage of responses of 1 700 SMES with 300 or fewer employees using the Internet as of August 2001.
20011 Percentage of businesses with ten or more employees 0 20 40 60 80 100 Denmark Japan (2) Finland Sweden Australia New zealand Austria Norway
All businesses with 50 and more employees. 3. Use, orders received and placed refer to Internet
In Norway, for instance, more than 70%of firms with 250 or more employees reported on-line purchases,
as compared to about 30%of small firms (10-49 employees) and 50%of medium-sized firms (50-249 employees).
. All businesses with 50 or more employees. 2. Orders received or placed over the Internet and other computer-mediated networks.
In Australia, over the period July 1999-June 2001, selling over the Internet by micro-enterprises with 5-9 employees declined from 16%to 13%and by firms with 10-49 employees from 21%to 18,
%while the number of firms with 50-249 employees selling on line rose from 17%to 20%.
%In Norway, only 12%of micro-enterprises with 5-9 employees engaged in on-line sales in 2001, down from 21%in 1999,
while 28%of firms with 50-249 employees and one-third of firms with 250 or more employees had on-line sales in 2001,
Businesses with more than 250 employees 05 10 15 20 25>1%>2%>5%>10%>25%>50%%Businesses sales Businesses with 10-49 employees
A recent survey of SMES with fewer than 250 employees in 19 European countries shows that around 40%do not use the Internet for selling
-9 employees Small firms w ith 10-49 employees Medium firms w ith 50-249 employees Note:
Percentage of 1 427 firms with fewer than 250 employees not using the Internet in 19 countries (15 EU member states plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
A study of 20 small construction contractors in Australia with 2-45 employees suggests that small firms in this industry have been not only 20 slow
A firm with 90 employees and an emphasis on personal contact with clients decided not to adopt the Internet after a three-month trial of a Web site (Mehrtens et al.
A study of small ICT companies with 3-80 employees suggests that the Internet was adopted by firms with personnel who understand the technology (Mehrtens et al.
where ICT services are generally scarce and costly. 21 Box 3. A magnet manufacturer's e-commerce success Ni-roku is a Japanese magnet manufacturer with 12 employees,
In September 1997, an employee created the company's Web site (www. 26magnet. co. jp. By 2000, annual e-commerce sales of magnet products via the site had reached already more than USD 700 000,
In 1996 a company employee bought a personal computer at his own expense to use the Internet.
Some small businesses, especially micro-enterprises with 1-9 employees or the self-employed, may adopt a simple Web site without any e-commerce function
a majority of SMES with 10-249 employees in Austria, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal and the United kingdom indicated excessively slow or unstable data communication as a major hindrance to Internet use (Eurostat, 2002.
2001 Percentage of businesses with ten or more employees using the Internet 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Finland Italy Austria Spain Portugal
A study of 12 Canadian high-technology SMES, most with fewer than 90 employees, showed that these firms considered a Web site as a means to improve credibility,
2000 Percentage of businesses using a computer with ten or more employees 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Italy Spain Austria United kingdom Finland
SMES are those with 25-250 employees, large are those with more than 250 employees. The survey sample sizes are:
Singapore 105 establishments classified as SME and 97 as large firms; Brazil, 98 SMES and 102 large firms;
In another European commission survey, a small percentage of small firms with 10-49 employees indicated national differences in consumer protection as the most important reason for not using the Internet (European commission, 2002a.
The EBIP set of early adopting firms showed interesting differences between small and large firms (small defined as less than 250 employees.
Percentage of responses of firms with fewer than 250 employees using the Internet in 19 countries (15 EU member states plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
and an average of six employees per agency. On the other hand, the number of potential customers, some of whom may prefer a smaller agency's prices
Another textile producer with 300 employees does not use the Web for buying and selling because the company is worried about decreasing their competitive advantage by making information available to competitors (Scupola, 2002).
Box 5. An on-line retailer with a personal touch West country Violins, with three employees in East Devon (United kingdom), is run by a husband and wife, Brian and Felicity Ward-Smith,
Case studies can provide practical business pointers to managers and employees. Prize and award programmes may give high visibility
This reflects the recognition of the importance for small business managers and employees of ICT applications and required skills.
Spain A programme is designed for micro-enterprises (fewer than 20 employees) in small towns with a special emphasis on training in the use of the Internet, e-mail and new management techniques.
and employees to tailor their learning according to their immediate needs. Service users can contact the trained staff in local Learndirect centre for consultation.
and employees focusing on both technical and managerial skills need to be provided in cooperation with business
and employees are focused increasingly on both technical (ICT) and managerial (e-business) skills designed to improve abilities to benefit from e-business strategies.
when employees change jobs, they take their knowledge with them, resulting in knowledge flows between firms (Chesbrough, 2003).
The external knowledge is generated by the employees, business partner, customers, consultants, competitors, business associations, internet sales and service units, internal research and development units and academia.
and employees driven knowledge but proof of enhancing knowledge raised by universities and research laboratories in the innovation process of business actors is relatively scarce,
Later on, a firm must carefully maintain its employee relation and The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 14, Issue 1 (19),
Howe 1 defines crowdsourcing as an‘act of taking a job traditionally performed by a designated agent (usually an employee) and outsourcing it to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call'.
The jury for deciding the best solutions consisted of both Konecranes and Grabcads employees. The engineering challenge can be considered as a concrete yet professionally a very demanding task,
In addition there is an increasing trend of employees moving between industry and universities or keeping dual appointments.
New skills, programmes and learning technologies The spread of open innovation and a greater permeability of organisational boundaries place new demands on skills and capabilities of employees.
and the Act on the Right in Employee Inventions (656/1967). Basic principles of the Act on the Right to University Inventions (369/2006) The Act on the Right to University Inventions regulates the protection
and rights of patentable inventions created by employees of the Finnish universities. The allocation of rights regarding the research-initiated IPR depends on the nature of the research.
if the employee was ordered specifically to carry out a specific task. In certain special circumstances the employer may gain a right to use the invention,
The employee has a right to equitable remuneration. Comparing legal principles inventions in employment vs university inventions The acts described above have common features
Even the researcher is seen not as an employee, but a torchbearer for research and civilised or even sophisticated society.
Fab Lab Berlin (DE), Rocketspace (US) Firm-driven labs Company employees & external experts Feed results of joint activities into the company's innovation strategy
and infrastructure as well as support offered by six UFA employees. 2) Innovation projects are financed either by industrial partners, public funds or UFA.
and implemented by selected applicants, freelancers and UFA employees. 3) An agency offers services in cooperation with freelancers.
There are about 500 companies and 2300 employees within the creative industry in the Ostersund region.
If they provide space for their employees to carry out their dreams within the organisation and start a dialogue that can stimulate the internal vision and business model,
Humor from employees stimulates readiness for change and is extremely important in the transformation processes of any organisation.
High expectation entrepreneurs (HEE's) expect to employ 20 employees or more within five years and are a primary source of job creation. 18 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E A r B o
they have been attended by various types of users, such as patients, occasional visitors, returning visitors, clinicians, employees and others.
and user experience monitoring for finding a proper balance between the work environment settings, individual comfort of office employees, work efficiency,
occupied by 8 regular office employees, was equipped by sensors for monitoring the energy consumption (Plugwise Circle), indoor/outdoor temperature, humidity,
including 300 founded by former Nokia employees. Microtask outsources office work. Zen Robotics specialises in automating recycling.
Supercell's employees are what you would expect: men with beards and ponytails who take time out from their computer screens to show off their collections of action figures.
It has convinced also companies that this is a great way to reward their employees and free them from domestic distraction.
Hemfrid now has 10 000 regular customers and 1 326 employees 70%of them born abroad.
Rovio now has 500 employees in Finland and had a turnover of $100m in 2011.
educating employees and tackling public health challenges. Not welcomed by all members and initially with some reluctance,
when employees are engaged in what they like or think they are trained specially.‘‘It is likely that a person's high in self-efficacy would surpass less efficacious individuals in relation to factors such as promotions
or career success or salary'(2). Employees who are motivated at work are more likely to be persistent, creative and productive.
which should be oriented more to leadership and consensus of common goals with employees that the old model based on performance metrics in monetary terms.
and adaptability by employees in order to be executed smoothly inside the organisation. We all know there is usually an innate resistance in humans
J. Impact of Self Efficacy on Motivation and Performance of Employees. International Journal of Business and Management. 2013.
'Whether as customers, employees, managers, financiers, partners, or citizens in communities, every stakeholding individual can bring capital to the value creation process through their‘value creative capacities'and,
Éolane has more than 3 500 employees around the world. They are able to design and manufacture electronic components, devices or systems.
or institution taking a function once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally large) network of people in the form of an open call.
when Intuit customer service teams began experimenting with online support forums moderated by enthusiast employees. He asked the question‘how might we leverage user contribution at Intuit,
Humor from employees stimulates readiness for change, thus the organisation should foster internal approval of positive humor
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