Service users are responsible for all stages of the research process from design, recruitment, ethics and data collection to data analysis, writing up, and dissemination.
and have been transferred with remarkable results to the medical treatment of patients in the US. 8 17) Feedback systems from front line staff and users to senior managers and staff.
This could include front line service research to tap into the expertise of practitioners and front line staff
Ideas come from many sources, e g. citizens, service users, communities, front line staff, other sectors, or other countries.
The wing is now a permanent section of the clinic where staff and doctors can develop and prototype new processes for improving service delivery.
while allowing greater freedom of movement and freeing up financial and staff resources. The idea is to then refocus the prison day
which aims to generate new ideas from frontline staff through quality circles. These are usually based on the idea that frontline staff have better knowledge about potential innovations than PROPOSALS AND IDEAS 33 A Theatre of the Oppressed workshop in Philadelphia, USA, with Augusto Boal as the facilitator in the middle.
'called for a system of management that was based on collaboration between management and staff what he called, a system of‘profound knowledge'.
such as the World bank's Development Marketplace which seeks ideas from development practitioners and their own staff,
Allowing staff in an organisation to vote on which ideas and projects should receive early stage funding.
but to do so it involves those with some measure of private interests finance, staff, suppliers, and purchasers.
and the staff who carry them out. Yet the success of a social venture depends on an integration of the two.
Large commercial organisations have moved away from hierarchical organisations to models where there are relatively autonomous groups of front line staff, supported by the technical staff, and management.
and discipline to front line staff formerly supplied by hierarchical managers. The manager's task in this case is to assess variances in performance
and the relationships between a venture and its staff and volunteers. Conventional accounting takes little account of this intangible capital,
and with its own staff, board and volunteers. With many of them there will be formal agreements,
'Investing in human resources to ensure a social venture's openness is as important as investing in a building or machine.
as well as see the work of the employees and staff. It is always a useful exercise for a venture 4 76 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION to consider how it could best present its work
Developing its staff is important, not only for the venture itself, but to create a group of individuals able to put the ideas into practice more widely.
what is considered equitable with respect to all staff, volunteers, and the venture's beneficiaries. 144) Valuing the voluntary.
Diffusing demand The promotion of social innovation has tended to focus on the supply side and how innovations can be diffused among service providers through experts,
and diffuser of social innovation. 5 86 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION 160) Promotion and marketing of innovative services and programmes to encourage behavioural change.
Examples are the‘5 a day'campaign, the promotion of free smoking cessation services, and the new NHS campaign‘Change4life'which promotes healthy activities such as playing football,
and decides what he/she needs in terms of staff and equipment. The parent company supports the new company until it is financially sustainable only then can the old and new companies compete against each other.
or growing an organisation's innovative capacity by investing in the professional development of staff.
and employing some 1. 5 million staff. It is involved already heavily in innovation through investment in research and development on pharmaceuticals and medical instruments
The model is based on the premise that organisations often underestimate the potential value of innovations being developed by their own staff.
employing 90 staff plus another 60 in the summer months. It runs residential and day courses and is generally an animator of new environmental technology. 299) Innovation accelerators bring people together to quicken the initial stages of innovation.
Rewards can take the form of recognition, promotion or finance. 317) Appropriate risk management. Public agencies tend to be fearful of risk.
should be part of personal development plans. 319) Circuits of information from users to front line staff and senior managers.
But there are also many tools for encouraging staff to innovate, from managers to front line workers. 323)‘ Top slicing'departmental budgets for innovation, for example,
so that individuals can be transferred from failures to successes. 398) Accreditation, search and recruitment of public innovators by commercial headhunters or government agencies.
human resources and IT consulting services. 417) Philanthropic‘ebays'.'Philanthropic platforms such as Volunteermatch which help people find volunteering opportunities in their local area. 418) Donor platforms, such as Globalgiving, Altruistiq Exchange, Network For good, Firstgiving and Guidestar.
while exposing members of staff to new working cultures and experiences. Legislation and Regulation Grant-based organisations operate within a set of laws and regulations
And business has seen increasingly engagement in social issues as a source of new ideas, reputation, and recruitment.
We now have over 60 staff, working on over 40 ventures at any one time, with staff in New york and Paris as well as London and Birmingham in the UK.
This book is about the many ways in which people are creating new and more effective answers to the biggest challenges of our times:
and evolve but small ones can gain some of this ability through the skills of their staff and through taking part in the right kind of networks.
certification, communication and promotion, project development, and 32 learning and education activities are only a few examples.
and technical assistance (such as marketing, legal, finance, human resources, and other business development services). By locating similar or complementary entities in proximity to each other, the incubator may also play a critical role in promoting knowledge transfer, both formally and informally,
which aims at indirect revenues via cross-app promotion, brand promotion and e-commerce. However, while some developers are making it big,
the majority are not seeing the returns they were expecting to, to a lower extent, intrinsic motivations also matter.
As a consequence, due to the scarcity of human resources, very limited aspects of the‘real world'have been described.
www. worldbank. org All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World bank with external contributions.
i) what the length is in months of the maximum probationary period;(ii) whether redundancy is disallowed as a basis for terminating workers;(
Difficulty of redundancy index Data Maximum length of probationary period (months) 2. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law?
No Retraining or reassignment obligation before redundancy? No Priority rules for redundancies? No Priority rules for reemployment?
and the promotion and diffusion of knowledge systems in the Public domain, such as Communia. Most, if not all of the above examples of civil society digital social innovation take place via the Internet
and the promotion and diffusion of knowledge systems in the Public domain, such as Communia. These activities are favouring a shift towards open access, transparency and ultimately open Government,
Therefore it is difficult to find concrete policy actions diverted to its promotion. However, there are intermediary organisations such as Code for America, Open Knowledge Foundation and Nesta that support these activities indirectly.
Arduino supports@Heart partners through promotion of their brand, products and content on its site and social networks with links to documentation and tutorials.
with most staff working collaboratively in a virtual office environment from four continents so as to ensure‘even the smallest contributions go a long way.'
at present, 86%of members seem happy for the staff to use it just as a guide,
While Avaaz is a global organisation with staff and members across the world, they are incorporated currently as a nonprofit 501 (c) 4 organisation in the state of Delaware, USA.
such as helping to ensure the physical security of the organisation's staff. According to Patel, the funds generated should support this priority for some time to come:
or against ideas that many people think are helpful these can be used to buy promotions for ideas that appear as banners at the top of the page.
and staff are given a great degree of autonomy in choosing the types of projects they wish to work on;
two members of staff for one day a week; telephone line rental and call charges; printing and office supplies;
open source projects without having to employ a huge factory of staff. After recognising in the period following 2006 that official government funding streams had been wound down,
Tor has a staff of 30 paid developers, researchers, and advocates, plus many dozen volunteers who help out on a daily basis. In a year Tor has grown from 500,000 daily users worldwide to more than 4 million users.
The current team (of 22 full-time staff) is comprised of individuals with a wide span of experience ranging from human rights 208 work to software development.
and the promotion and diffusion of knowledge systems in the Public domain, such as Communia. Most, if not all of the above examples of civil society digital social innovation take place via the Internet
and the promotion and diffusion of knowledge systems in the Public domain, such as Communia. These activities are favouring a shift towards open access, transparency and ultimately open Government,
Therefore it is difficult to find concrete policy actions diverted to its promotion. However, there are intermediary organisations such as Code for America, Open Knowledge Foundation and Nesta that support these activities indirectly.
Arduino supports@Heart partners through promotion of their brand, products and content on its site and social networks with links to documentation and tutorials.
with most staff working collaboratively in a virtual office environment from four continents so as to ensure‘even the smallest contributions go a long way.'
at present, 86%of members seem happy for the staff to use it just as a guide,
While Avaaz is a global organisation with staff and members across the world, they are incorporated currently as a nonprofit 501 (c) 4 organisation in the state of Delaware, USA.
such as helping to ensure the physical security of the organisation's staff. According to Patel, the funds generated should support this priority for some time to come:
or against ideas that many people think are helpful these can be used to buy promotions for ideas that appear as banners at the top of the page.
and staff are given a great degree of autonomy in choosing the types of projects they wish to work on;
two members of staff for one day a week; telephone line rental and call charges; printing and office supplies;
open source projects without having to employ a huge factory of staff. After recognising in the period following 2006 that official government funding streams had been wound down,
Tor has a staff of 30 paid developers, researchers, and advocates, plus many dozen volunteers who help out on a daily basis. In a year Tor has grown from 500,000 daily users worldwide to more than 4 million users.
The current team (of 22 full-time staff) is comprised of individuals with a wide span of experience ranging from human rights 208 work to software development.
the Communication and the accompanying Staff Working Document set out 5 broad priorities: -Develop legal rules to facilitate cross-border offers of online products
and advanced technological solutions This staff working document fulfills the commitment made in the Communication to report annually on the state of play of implementation of the action plan.
A partnership for new growth in services 2012-2015 12 accompanied by a Staff Working Document13 with a view to establishing guidance on the application of Article 20 (2) of the Services Directive
As the Staff Working Document provides only initial clarifications on the nondiscrimination clause on the basis of information gathered thus far,
PDF 12 COM (2012) 261 final http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/services/services-dir/implementation report en. htm 13 Commission Staff Working
and a Staff Working Document on knowledge-enhancing aspects of consumer empowerment. The Agenda presents a comprehensive vision for EU consumer policy in the years ahead.
the extension of the scope of the anti-money laundering directive and the promotion of international cooperation for the prevention of match-fixing.
adopt a Communication on spectrum-sharing including a strategy for the promotion of shared access to the spectrum in the Single Market
Promotion based on clear evidence-based claims related to environmental performance will enhance internal and external reputation.
Researching competitors product environmental performance may identify relative strengths of your product that you can exploit in promotion.
Start promotion within a community of interest e g. networks of suppliers and customers and extend it to the likeminded crowd who have affinity with your product,
sector 23 Policies to promote competition in the ICT sector 35 Schemes to promote access to higher bandwidth services 34 Promotion of common technology standards 36 Availability of good
19 Schemes to promote access to higher bandwidth services 36 Promotion of common technology standards 32 Availability of good ICT education in primary and secondary schools 43 Other
000 staff, including 200 Phds, and 200 laboratories) proactively seeks and wins contracts with companies from the region as well as elsewhere in Europe and abroad, specialising in biotech, environmental and IT technologies.
and a much larger number of midsized firms directly employ staff working in UCL laboratories on corporate projects.
Business leaders need to invest in skills training for their own managers and staff, and provide incentives to encourage staff to undertake this training outside the workplace.
The organisations that will be most successful in harnessing ICT will train their staff not only how to use new technology,
but also in more challenging areas such as how to deploy technology for competitive advantage. In particular, managers will need to understand better the benefits,
and modifying criteria for promotion to reward new ideas and innovation. Training in change management can also help to ensure that organisations are both willing and able to adapt to new challenges
But ultimate responsibility for using ICT more effectively to improve workplace productivity lies with the executives and staff of European organisations, public and private sector alike.
European commission, 2003, European Competitiveness Report 2003, Commission Staff Working Document Gordon, Robert, 2003, Five Puzzles in the Behavior of Productivity, Investment and Innovation, Global
%respondents) Promotion of common technology standards 36 Policies to promote competition in the ICT sector 35 Government leading the way in innovative use of ICT 35 Schemes to promote access to higher
and Internet 41 Schemes to promote access to higher bandwidth services 36 Policies to promote competition in the ICT sector 34 Promotion of common technology standards 32 Development of e
Particular attention will need to be addressed to solve the shortage of skilled staff with manufacturers, grid operators, regulators, etc.
A prerequisite is the adequate technical staff trained by high level universities and other technical schools.
It will tackle the issue of an insufficient availability of skilled staff, particularly to achieve the development and deployment of innovative technologies.
Recruitment strategies must be enhanced to meet the skill sets needed. Multidisciplinary curricula should include not only power engineering and information technologies,
Cambridge university Press Brooks, R.,Population Aging and Global Capital Flows in a Parallel Universe, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 50, No. 2 (2003), pp. 200-221.
Incentivizing co-creation, including programmes to support innovation clusters Entrepreneurship promotion: Promoting entrepreneurship as a career choice and raising general awareness on entrepreneurship Start-up Estonia programme:
The adequate promotion of a consistent innovation-driven entrepreneurship policy requires us to focus on five defining factors to successfully reindustrialize Europe:
the promotion of research and innovation; the continued improvement of our European workers'skills and knowledge;
Formal long-term employment contracts between individuals and corporations would become investment relationships in which individuals dedicate capacity and skills in a corporate ecosystem.
In Uganda hand-helds (Epihandy) are being used by healthcare staff for communication (e-mail), demographic studies and surveys, consultations and treatment guidelines (Kasozi and Nkuuhe, 2003.
hiring and deploying staff; processing and payments of staff salaries. Other activities include the purchase
and delivery Enhancing healthcare delivery through ICTS 151 of food for patients; collecting and analysing disease spread data in a country,
vaccine equipment, vaccine storage facilities, transport facilities, utilities, mobilization tools, laboratory supplies, staff housing, remuneration and allowances, recording facilities.
management of staff and equipment as well as enhance decision making process for long term plans. National level: An immunisation content management system that has all the information pertaining to immunisation (diseases, vaccines, schedules,
recruitment of university graduates and skilled personnel; awareness of new ideas and technologies; and incentives and institutional frameworks for improving collaborations within networks and clusters, including local technical centres or technical colleges.*
and why governments have increased generally the priority attached to policies directed towards SMES while focusing them more on the promotion of innovation.
Third, it is easier to sustain a fever pitch of excitement in small organization, WK1 8 where the links between challenges, staff,
with and without R&d capacity) Technology Followers SIZE Often small companies (40%have staffs<10;
23%have staffs>250) SECTOR Predominantly from the following sectors: ICT services, high tech8, R&d services. 50%are technical service companies (ICT, R&d) Both from manufacturing and services,
Larger firms may employ more skilled human resources be more knowledgeable, have more access to knowledge,
Least mentioned was the lack of adequate human resources (8. 49%)(see figure 3). 3. 5 Use of IT in SMES.
such funds Difficulties in finding partnerships for R&d activites Difficult acces to information regading new tehnologies Lack of adequate human resources Nelu Eugen Popescu/Procedia
Project ID 133255 (2014), cofinanced by the European Social Fund within the Sectorial Operational Program Human resources Development 2007 2013.520 Nelu Eugen Popescu/Procedia Economics
and comments of RETA‘s management and staff. In particular, special thanks go to Mr. Felipe Romera, Ms. Lourdes Cruz, Mr. Daniel Gonzalez-Bootello,
the Investment Promotion Agency (EXTENDA; the Andalusia Institute of technology (IAT; the Andalusia Technological Corporation (CTA; the JEREMIE Funds programme;
but they lack sufficient and adequate staff Support for university research is provided through a range of institutions,
However, the function of OTRIS is hampered by limited staff to keep sufficient contact with local businesses.
This would correspond to an intermediate profile between academic and administrative staff that does not do research,
These staff limitations make it difficult for OTRIS to work with small firms and prompt them to focus their efforts on working with more R&d-intensive firms.
University staff are prevented from holding more than a 10 per cent interest in private companies from being a member of a board of directors,
and skills upgrading as channels for the promotion of innovation in the region. This will include involvement in future cooperative education programmes and retention of talented foreign students from local universities in technology parks.
A final chapter summarises main conclusions and policy messages on entrepreneurship promotion and SME development for the region of Andalusia.
nearly half of new employment contracts over the last decade had been fixed of-term nature, many of which have been discontinued once the crisis has reached Andalusia.
At present the regional government is geared mainly towards the promotion of the sectors listed below. Whilst some are new to the regional economic landscape,
Between 5%-15%of the firms contracted R&d projects, use university facilities or exchanged staff,
whilst only less than 5%licensed patents or undertook joint start-ups with university staff (Fernandez-Esquinas et al.,
and more specifically of the Department of Science and Innovation, fall some of the main regional organisations committed to the promotion of economic development, among which the regional development agency IDEA, the trade promotion agency EXTENDA, the entrepreneurship agency ANDALUCIA
promotion of business clusters in strategic sectors for the region; attraction of domestic and international investments;
Through its network of 21 promotion offices in 19 countries, it provides information, consulting, training and funding for business internationalisation.
The idea is to adopt a system of easily comparable university degrees that would allow overcoming the current bureaucratic obstacles to the recognition of degrees and movement of students, researchers, faculty and staff within European universities.
PAIDI‘s main focus is on technology transfer and the promotion of public-private partnerships between Andalusia public universities (dependent on the regional government) and companies.
The Gothenburg model is considered particularly successful because of the intensity of local collective learning spawned by the combination of spinoff firms from local corporate parents and technology staff mobility (Dahlstrand, 1999.
through the promotion of an atmosphere of intellectual diversity that tolerates different approaches to the solution of technical problems;
University research is of value to innovative firms in terms of keeping them informed about where the knowledge frontier is moving in these disciplines and for the recruitment of highly trained personnel.
i) the promotion of the knowledge economy; ii) entrepreneurial development and innovation. Total expenditures on these two objectives are authorized at EUR 2. 38 billion over the life of the program.
The main focus of PAIDI is on technology transfer and the promotion of public-private partnerships between Andalusia public universities (dependent on the regional government) and private companies.
However, they are hampered in their performance of this role by the lack of sufficient and adequate staff to maintain contact with local businesses,
It has 2 300 professors on staff and 40 000 students. The university has 270 active research groups,
The Office for Technology Transfer has twelve people on staff with strong technical qualifications. The office has three divisions
The staff limitations of the technology transfer offices make it difficult for universities to work with small firms and,
Secondly, there was a considerable amount of activity related to the training of human resources, both in terms of the specific training of personnel provided by the researchers for firms and internships of university researchers in private firms,
Among the other firms, 15 to 25 percent engaged in some form of consultancy relationship with university staff,
and administered by staff of the NRC, IRAP is in many respects a stand-alone program run by its own Director-General.
access to physical infrastructure, promotion of growth, government programmes, and commercial/services infrastructure. Lowest scoring aspects:
35 months 6 months-no max 3 years Number of management staff 2. 3 managers 1 9 managers 2 managers min Ratio
of incubator staff: tenants 1: 14 1: 2 1: 64 1: 10-1: 20 Percentage of managers time advising clients 39%5%80%50%Evaluating Services
Overall, business incubators are a very cost-effective instrument for the promotion of public policy objectives.
How to identify ways of supporting the internationalisation of the SME sector Like most other European regions Andalusia has developed a well external trade promotion agency
The promotion of high quality, small-scale food production also coincided with a wider trend of more environmentally conscious and=slow-food‘based consumption patterns.
but also directly through recruitment to firms. The skills and experience such returnees bring to firms are invaluable when operating in the global economy.
and the last EU-driven Andalusia Operational Programme for the period 2007-2013 earmarked EUR 2. 38 billion (nearly one quarter of the total) for the promotion of the knowledge economy and for entrepreneurial
Being the current entrepreneurship and innovation strategies mainly based on the promotion of R&d and industry-university technology transfer
Business consulting, private research contracts, collaborative research, training of human resources and supervision of graduates are also important modes of knowledge transfer that OTRIS should consider more than has done so far.
Entrepreneurship promotion is therefore rightly at the top of Andalusia‘s concern, and one organisation in the regional institutional setting is devoted specifically to this aim (i e.
Incubators are one of the most favoured tools of business development promotion in Andalusia. Only within the Malaga technology park (PTA) there are six of them.
Technology parks have been one of the main instruments for the promotion of business modernisation, the underlying rationale being that clustering of technology-intensive firms enhances their growth and expansion.
Moreover, the focus has mainly been on export promotion, whereas foreign direct investment of local firms (e g. through joint ventures with firms overseas) has received much less attention.
which there is a time lag especially in regions with a relatively low technology antecedent This is evinced in the increased recruitment of R&d personnel, the quality improvement of traditional products,
and skills upgrading as channels for the promotion ofinnovation in the region. This will include involvement in future cooperative education programmes and retention of talented foreign students from local universities in technology parks.
In this group of supporters there are professors, fellow doctoral classmates, academic staff, friends, and, of course, my family.
In addition, I would like to thank all administrative staff of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, in particular the professionals of the Business Economics department.
despite large investments made by governmental agencies in export promotions since the 1990s, the growth of productivity has been one of the lowest among the EU countries (Cassiman and Golovko, 2011).
Hence, public policies should be addressed also to facilitate/promotion innovativeness and raise performance. 127 Table 23.
and apply it to the promotion of innovation. Source: Self-elaborated 128 4. Limitations and Future Research Lines 4. 1. Essay One This essay advances our understanding of the complex EO-performance relationship,
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