participated in the evaluation work. Their work has resulted in a database, which has determined the infrastructures of extreme importance for Hungary in each discipline.
In addition to the NEKIFUT database, we relied on the data available from the KSH to demonstrate the situation;
The work of the Research Infrastructure Working group (hereinafter referred to as: RI Working group) is used to lay the foundation for all government decisions related to the research infrastructure.
The state actors are involved also in the work, however, each member of the working group is a researcher himself,
Competitiveness, as measured by unit labour costs, has improved markedly although this partly reflects sectoral composition effects due to labour shedding in low-skilled sectors, such as construction,
and the strong performance of the high 1 General Government Consolidated Debt as a percentage of GDP.
In its Medium Term Economic Strategy 2014-2020 (MTES), it has set out how it will continue the work of rebuilding The irish economy,
The 2014 Action Plan sets out how the Government will continue to work to build
The group carried out the bulk of its work in 2011. The high level objectives of the prioritisation exercise were outlined in the RPSG's Terms of Reference:
which also supported the work of the Steering Group and assembled the evidence base upon which the findings
I. 6. 2 Analysis of context and potential for innovation 6. 2. 1 National Research and Enterprise Strengths and National and Global Opportunities A significant input to the work of the Steering
The steering group also spent some time considering the appropriate level at which priority areas for RD&I should be identified. 6. 2. 4 Beyond Boundaries The outward looking dimension of Research Prioritisation The work of the Steering group took account of complementary
Technical experts were appointed to the groups to facilitate their work. The four TWGS and their respective scopes are set out in the Table 1 below. 14 Table 1:
The PAG, through its ongoing work, provides a forum for coordination and alignment of the activities of the funding agencies and is driving new behaviours across the STI ecosystem.
and deliver for industry by making Phds workplace ready, outside of academia, to enhance Ireland's labour force capacity.
Competitiveness, as measured by unit labour costs, has improved markedly although this partly reflects sectoral composition effects due to labour shedding in low-skilled sectors, such as construction,
and the strong performance of the high 1 General Government Consolidated Debt as a percentage of GDP.
In its Medium Term Economic Strategy 2014-2020 (MTES), it has set out how it will continue the work of rebuilding The irish economy,
The 2014 Action Plan sets out how the Government will continue to work to build
The group carried out the bulk of its work in 2011. The high level objectives of the prioritisation exercise were outlined in the RPSG's Terms of Reference:
which also supported the work of the Steering Group and assembled the evidence base upon which the findings
I. 6. 2 Analysis of context and potential for innovation 6. 2. 1 National Research and Enterprise Strengths and National and Global Opportunities A significant input to the work of the Steering
The steering group also spent some time considering the appropriate level at which priority areas for RD&I should be identified. 6. 2. 4 Beyond Boundaries The outward looking dimension of Research Prioritisation The work of the Steering group took account of complementary
Technical experts were appointed to the groups to facilitate their work. The four TWGS and their respective scopes are set out in the Table 1 below. 14 Table 1:
The PAG, through its ongoing work, provides a forum for coordination and alignment of the activities of the funding agencies and is driving new behaviours across the STI ecosystem.
and deliver for industry by making Phds workplace ready, outside of academia, to enhance Ireland's labour force capacity.
Putting entrepreneurial knowledge to work...13 How: Setting in motion regional change...13 Where: A role for every region...
Putting entrepreneurial knowledge to work Smart specialisation addresses the difficult problem of prioritisation and resource allocation decisions by allowing entrepreneurial actors to demonstrate the most promising areas for future regional development through what has been described as an'entrepreneurial process of discovery.'
In this case, links between local universities and strong public-private partnerships are the types of strategies that may be essential for smart specialisation to work.
Together, these form the basis for action plans and ongoing work. The studies try to identify what the weaknesses
'Tools suitable for this kind of analysis can include comparative studies, rounds of interviews with other regions and interregional work groups.
Hence, the work for this analytical step of a RIS3 strategy should combine the above types of analyses with other analyses aiming at shedding light on potential for knowledge-based transformation of the economy, based on information on the positioning of the regional
Attractiveness of working conditions for researchers compared with other employment opportunities; facilitated mobility of research and innovation personnel between the public and the private sector.
and enlightening the spatial division of labour), context conditions for the operation of the cluster, labour market situation, etc.
University of Tampere, Work Research center, Working Paper No. 85 (Final Report on Quadruple Helix Research for the CLIQ project, INTERREG IVC Programme.
supervising the work 39 programme, political and institutional support, and liaising with the European commission. The chair of the SG was invariably a local notable drawn from the business community, academia or the public sector;
the existence of key assets and capabilities (incl. specialised skills and labour pools) for each of the areas proposed and,
directly to firms) and cross-sector centres concerned with generic issues (such as product development and work in partnership).
by the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) and EC work, which should not be hindered by the lack of a European consolidated vision in the near future.
which to invest and work; contribute to the social integration of marginalised groups of the population
in order to encourage the procurer to become an'intelligent'customer. 130 This can be achieved through better preparatory work
workplace innovation or quadruple helix models (including civil society), however, they require a considerable mentality change. 164 Social Innovation Exchange
Examples can be found in urban regeneration, community-led local development, microfinance,(e-)health and ageing, workplace innovation,
and organise a conference on workplace innovation in cooperation with the Flemish government. They are also coordinating the Social Innovation Europe Initiative,
partnership creativity labour 3 responsibility Slogan Northeast Region smart specialization through people and local products Smart Secialization Strategy Structure Vertical priorities The Northeast
neither to develop their team work ksills. In this context, a internship financing is imposed as necesarry to increase their attractivity and impact.
othrough comparative analyses of relative specialization in research and development sectors in Europe. oone of the key inputs in the work of panels fleshing out the shortlisted smart specialization fields were analyses of global drivers of change
The design of the strategy involved a number of collaborative procedures, from work in relatively large and diverse panels to participative online consultations.
It is also important that we review some of our previous works in order to put in context the present paper.
or to revolutionize how the processes work, is on an upward trend. If mixed with proper financing
financial incentives for employees to develop new ideas, job rotation of staff, multidisciplinary or cross-functional work teams,
ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was cofinanced from the European Social Fund through Sectoral Operational Programme Human resources Development 2007-2013
and metals (particularly impacting Hunedoara and Caras-Severin) as well as younger workers that leave school without qualifications.
It works in partnership with Irish enterprises to help them start, grow, innovate and conquer market share on global markets.
local producers have learnt about how MNCS work, what quality standards they require, what technology they use,
However, there are some useful examples that could work as a model. The renowned High tech Gründerfonds in Germany is a valuable example of a fund that provides funding for a wide range of innovative thematic areas. 54 Examples of a fund with a regional development component 54
so it often works in partnership with other funding entities such as banks, venture capitalists, local government etc.
and would conduct ongoing market analysis to establish scientific and commercial needs for the output of its work.
ICT have become essential in supporting the work of legislative bodies. Furthermore e-democracy provides elected representatives with unprecedented means of engaging in dialogue
improving the existing infrastructure creating a broadband passive infrastructure (civil engineering works in synergy with the work of developing another type of infrastructure-energy, transport, water, etc..
he started in 1976 to work as journalist and policy consultant for energy issues in Switzerland.
The work of the Task force has contributed to the key document of the Commission's Smart Grid activities published in May 2011:
An important outcome of the first mandate of the SGTF are ongoing negotiations on standards framed by three standardisation mandates of the Commission to the European Standard Organisations23 based on the work of expert group 1. 24
The current 3--year work programme envisages the finalisa--23 CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, see mandates on http://ec. europa. eu/energy/gas electricity/smartgrids/taskforce en. htm 24 See also the regulation guidelines for member countries issued by ERGEG (ERGEG, 2011) 25 (European commission,
European Task force for the implementation of smart grids into the European internal market--Mission and work programme.
much visibility given to our work in 2012 at a regional, national and European level Next steps (in the short and medium term) to develop a good RIS3 in our region A strong involvement of the Gobierno of Aragon at President's
or assesment The analytical work is being done so far by the referred document, the survey and the future focus groups and meetings with groups and institutions.
including interviews and work groups with participation of representatives from government, businesses, business associations, universities, research centers, technology transfer instruments and society in general through the Castilla y León Regional Government
Infrequent use of ICT in the organization of work and large imbalances in the use of ICT depending on the company size.
What did not work: The problem is to do the matrix. 31 Question 1: Integration of horizontal priorities with vertical priorities Why:
What did not work: Limited information about speciaic activities; results indicators linked to single measures are missing. 32 Question 2:
What did not work: SWOT and strategic objectives are different. Technically difaicult to put together. 33 34 Thank you Mr. Gregorio MUÑOZ-ABAD Deputy Commissioner for Science & Technology munabagr@jcyl. es
Work Package 2 january 2014 Ranald Richardson, Adrian Healy and Kevin Morgan This project is funded by the European union under the FP7 Cooperation Programme:
WP2 Embracing Social Innovation Page 2 1 INTRODUCTION This reflections paper draws on the work carried out under the first stage of Smartspec WP2.
these early reflections will be refined as we engage in empirical work; 1 For example, Oosterlynck (2013: 107) has described the social innovation project as‘an idea longing for a theory'.
drawing on the objectives set out in the original proposal for this work Section 4 highlights emerging trends in the consideration of social innovation in research
We will build on this process during our empirical work. 2. 1 Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3) Smart specialisation is described as a multi-scalar,
which may have resonance in the ongoing constructing of S3 and its application to RIS3 as a starting point for empirical work.
Moulaert et al (2013) provide an invaluable compendium of this work. Smart Specialisation for Regional Innovation:
employment and education (CEC, 2013a), community and urban development, including in cultural and arts practices (Moulaert, et al, 2013a) 4, corporate change and workplace innovation (Drucker, 1987;
and warn of the difficulties of making this model work (Skapinker, 2013). In a recent book, Mulgan (2013), one of the key advocates of what might be termed‘third way social innovation',points to the tensions between the manner in
the BEPA definition is one useful starting point for our work. It should be noted, however, that the BEPA approach does not command universal acceptance.
and how these play out in the real world will be explored during our empirical work. Figure 3. 1:
The entrepreneurial state thesis is applied in this work to the national level, though it is equally applicable to the regional and other sub-national levels.
Bason (2010), drawing on his work in Mind-Lab, also focuses on co-creation, considering techniques drawn from design
and ethnographic work to inform innovative thinking. One key task in both‘discovery processes',where the State will have a key coordinating role,
He highlighted the difficulty of entrepreneurial endeavour amidst the work and care of the daily round and he pointed to the scope
the current Work Programme is a case in point, with multinational providers such as A4e, Maximus, Ingeus and Serco leading‘delivery partnerships'19.
Drawing on the work of Charles Sabel (2006), they argue that social enterprises exhibit a shared ethic of interdependent contribution, fundamentally different from both traditional ethics of honour and loyalty,
but more work is required to uncover whether this concept is being adopted in a common way.
they often have less utility in informing us what actually works, what fails and why.
Of most relevance to our work is the EU policy requirement that regional visions should include a justification of their relevance to societal challenges;
including pensions reform, active and inclusive workplace strategies, new approaches to housing and transport, new urban infrastructure and so on.
Expanding and improving the labour pool: as people live longer, and as pension entitlements diminish,
more people are likely to wish/need to stay in paid work for longer. Assuming that relevant policies can be put in place,
which is meant what Schumpeter when he called for more freedom from the work and care of the daily round.
This argument has been captured admirably in the work of Eric von Hippel and we wholly concur with his findings on the democratisation of innovation (especially von Hippel, 2005).
http://ec. europa. eu/public opinion/archives/ebs/ebs 378 en. pdf Last accessed 18.12.13 Eurofoundation for the Improvement of Living and Working conditions (2013) Social Innovation In service Delivery:
transformations in citizenship and the state under New Labour, Social policy and Administration, 37 (5): 427-443.
2011) Workplace Innovation, Social Innovation, and Social Quality International Journal of Social Quality, 1, 2, 31-49 (19) Oosterlynck, S. 2013)‘ Introduction:
and share what works. Available at: http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/social-innovation/sie-finalreport en. pdf Last accessed 18.12.13 Stumbitz, B, Mcdowall, R. and Gabriel
Technologicaldiscontinuitiesand flexibleproductionnet-works. Thecaseofswitzerlandandtheworldwatchindustry. Res. Policy21, 469 485. Gouvea, R.,Linton, J. D.,Montoya, M.,Walsh, S. T.,2012.
and work to coordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, The netherlands, New zealand
, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United kingdom and the United states. The Commission of the European communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation's statistics gathering
or the Centre français d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at contact@cfcopies. com. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-general of the OECD. The opinions expressed
148 SMES, Entrepreneurship and Innovation OECD 2010 15 Executive Summary Innovation is one of the most fundamental processes underpinning economic growth, the driver of growth in output per unit of labour
new marketing methods and changes in ways of organising businesses, in their business practices, workplace organisation and external relations.
and to attract highly-skilled labour from abroad. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SMES, E 18 NTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OECD 2010 The second thematic chapter examines the issue of skills.
This works best when entrepreneurship support is embedded within teaching, entrepreneurship is seen as a strategic objective and ambition of the institutions,
Their advice and joint work with SME workforces upgrades skills, increasing the ability of SMES to develop,
employers, industry representatives, unions, labour market and training intermediaries (temporary work agencies and group training companies), local and regional government agencies,
and attracting highly-skilled labour from abroad: Measures for SME cross-border alliances should include providing information and connections to SMES on potential strategic partners overseas,
In the spirit of brain circulation, policy should seek to attract talented labour from other countries
This is what is seen now generally by economists to be the major factor behind the bulk of economic growth, the growth that is not due to additions to capital and labour stocks.
The implementation of new organisational methods in firms'business practices, workplace organisation and external relations can have substantial impacts on firms'competitiveness
For example, it may involve SMES in tracking competitors'actions through electronic monitoring of news and information services or the introduction of total quality management techniques on the work floor.
workplace organisation and marketing (OECD, 2010a, forthcoming. Another issue is that whereas technological innovation tends to be associated more with manufacturing,
Furthermore, some empirical work casts doubt on a general characterisation of small firms as breakthrough innovators and large firms as incremental innovators (Chandy and Tellis, 2000.
but also through informal methods such as the creation of problem-solving work teams and engagement with external knowledge intensive service activity providers such as consultants (OECD, 2010a, forthcoming).
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OECD 2010 41 example through embedding of foreign direct investment, attraction of highly-skilled labour from overseas and building cross-national SME alliances.
or a new organisational method in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations. Four types are identified:
The implementation of a new organisational method in the firm's business practices, workplace organisation or external relations.
In Flanders, the Participation Company Flanders works to boost the innovativeness of regional SMES, by leveraging additional risk capital for new ventures (Vinnof:
and to strengthen the networks that are necessary for this work. VINNOVA has a total budget of almost SEK 2 000 million, out
and provides funding to the evaluation and certification of labour skills. The execution of specific projects is made through consultancy firms and technical training organisations. 2. CHILE SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OECD 2010 111 Chile Notes:
and supports the joint work of different government institutions towards the development of innovative technology-based MSMES.
The Foundation has invited about 4 000 Russian scientists in various spheres to work as experts.
The geographical clustering of knowledge-intensive activities Activities can cluster for different reasons, such as availability of intermediate suppliers and skilled labour
Tacit knowledge is created not just a priori through investments in education and training or the attraction and retention of qualified labour,
and iii) attraction of skilled labour. All three can contribute to the generation, transmission and exploitation of knowledge,
the emphasis has often been placed on the brain drain and the associated downsides such as the losses of human capital and productive labour.
However, as recent OECD work shows, qualified people can also accrue skills more rapidly abroad
and attraction of foreign talented labour are three of the possible channels through which global knowledge flows can strengthen SME
Economic performance indicators, e g. labour productivity; turnover per employee; growth rates according to turnover, value added or employment;
such as labour productivity or firm profitability, can be expected to be correlated with company characteristics such as legal form. 3. KNOWLEDGE FLOWS SMES,
and with the same magnitude in all territorial areas the standard location quotient (LQ) tends to neutralise these sources of bias in the input data Dynamic territorial indicators, such as employment or labour productivity
skills at work can be classified broadly into the eight groups shown in Table 4. 1. As working environments
but this OECD classification is a good reflection of the current working environment. There are three broad skills categories:
and communication skills needed for team work, and specific language and cultural skills that are of growing importance in certain multicultural working environments.
Converging skills require several of the other skills plus skills specific to entrepreneurship, or for adjusting to the green transformation of jobs or indeed new green jobs.
and advanced skills needed in a working environment. The skill to cooperate for success involves the capacity to undertake successfully the following activities:
(and unlearn) from life situations inside and outside the work environment. Source: Adapted from Green et al.
However, it is argued often that the working environment rather than formal education is where entrepreneurs learn the most.
vocational education and schools) and in work environments (focusing on informal entrepreneurship learning at work through the involvement of workers in knowledge-intensive service activities
The work found that on average, the US universities were strongest on these five dimensions, although Canada performed equally well in terms of educational scope and outreach.
The work has developed also a criteria list of good practice across the six dimensions from an assessment of existing literature and case studies of university entrepreneurship support.
Other people go on to work in larger SMES and may benefit from training provided before employment or in lifelong learning activities whilst in employment.
3) Responsible citizens have knowledge and understanding of the nature of work and social and economic enterprise;
4) Effective contributors have an understanding and appreciation of the world of work, the value of different occupations and entrepreneurship and their contributions to the economy and to society;
For example, entrepreneurial skills can be acquired through in-house team work for development of a new product.
undertaken in collaborations between SME employees and external professionals or in SME employee work groups (OECD, 2006;
and work with its employees in pursuit of new or improved solutions to current needs of the firm at the same time increasing the skills, knowledge and competencies of employees in significant ways.
SME work with external KISA suppliers is important because the professionals brought in apply their expertise to the management of increasingly complex technologies,
for example to improve work processes (such as quality control, marketing and product development) with SME employees learning from or together with their co-workers.
Indeed, KISA activities could also be understood as informal learning resulting from activities related to work that are organised not in terms of learning objectives,
Informal training refers to learning resulting from daily activities related to work, family or leisure. It is organised not
For example, Advance Metal Products (an Australian SME specialised in metal work and machinery) involves floor workers with engineers in activities oriented to find new uses for old machinery.
despite their importance to the new interactive skills required in the work place. Further development is needed,
One of the reasons is the opportunity that on-the-job training gave to novice entrepreneurs to discuss work problems and test out solutions with real entrepreneurs and experts.
or external consultants that work with the business owner or managers to think about processes, business models or solutions to specific problems.
employers, industry representatives, unions, labour market and training intermediaries (temporary work agencies and group training companies), local and regional government agencies,
Provide students with opportunities to work in existing SMES and to add value to these firms through Box 4. 4. Formaper Formaper,
the training agency of the Milan Chamber of commerce, Industry, Craft and Agriculture, works to meet the training demand of its 325 000 registered enterprises.
Towards Integration of Work and Learning: Strategies for Connectivity and Transformation, Springer, United kingdom, pp. 153-170.
Stenström, M.-L. and P. Tynjälä (2009), Towards Integration of Work and Learning: Strategies for Connectivity and Transformation, Springer, United kingdom. Stone,
grants and donations, market revenues and (limited) voluntary work, they can provide services at a lower,
training for healthcare professionals and training to help companies prevent accidents through regular physical activities in the workplace demonstrates the importance of the services it delivers.
In fact, many of the students pursue further goals in education or in the workplace or move on to self employment.
The positive results gained from its work with women across Bristol have led to the project's longevity:
which works as a training department for healthcare professionals working with the elderly. There is also GPS Santé,
and muscular-skeletal disorders among its workers through regular physical activity exercises in the workplace.
the association works with the person to reach a compromise. Source: www. sielbleu. org. 5. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL INNOVATION SMES, E 196 NTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OECD 2010 objective of facilitating international dissemination
The work of The Lab is divided into three distinct parts. Challenge Lab looks at the contribution innovation can make to services, with an initial 5. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL INNOVATION SMES,
and Learning Lab seeks to disseminate what works and what does not work (www. nesta. org. uk). Social innovation
More work is needed to develop a clear definition of social innovation, and to increase a general knowledge
skills and practices that make social entrepreneurs and their work distinctive from more traditional public service (Light, 2009, p. 21) and built around the following assumptions:
Skoll World Forum on Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation 2007 Social innovation can simply be understood as‘new ideas that work which address social or environmental needs'.
‘new ideas that work'.'This differentiates innovation from improvement, which implies only incremental change; and from creativity and invention,
but miss out the hard work of implementation and diffusion that makes promising ideas useful.
Social innovation refers to new ideas that work in meeting social goals. Defined in this way the term has, potentially,
or for-profit businesses innovating new approaches to helping disabled people into work. But these definitions provide a reasonable starting point
and promoting local mobility of labour into and out of new and small firms. Promote knowledge spillovers among related variety industries with related competencies
and foreign direct investment ventures and attracting highly-skilled labour from abroad. 3. Strengthen entrepreneurial human capital Build up entrepreneurship education in universities
but also social and communication skills related to team work and language skills. Basic skillsgeneric and routine skills found in occupations present in most industries and organisations.
People climate Societal factors other than mere economic opportunities able to influence the decision of skilled workers about where to live and work.
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