European union D4 Second Interim Study Report (rev. edition) Contract no. 30-CE-0531673/00-86 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Sharealike 4
This report describes our work to date, having investigated more than 250 case studies of digital social innovation services,
and to frame a more detailed discussion on how these could be implemented within the frameowrk of the Digital Agenda for Europe and under the Horizons 2020 Work Programme,
and to access what works and what doesn't to calibrate interventions and investments. Addressing barriers to growth and scale.
This report describes our work to date, having investigated more than 250 case studies of digital social innovation services,
strategy, and policy recommendations for DSI in relation to the Digital Agenda for Europe and under the Horizons 2020 Work Programme,
DSI Timelinedelivering the research through 6 work packages As outlined in the table below, the DSI research project is delivered through 6 work packages that are interlinked.
We are now into month 6 of the research, which has been focused mainly on WP1 (identifying actors,
Work package Nowork package titlelead participant. short namestart monthwp1identifying DSI organisations Waag Societym1wp2mapping DSI organisations and activitiesnestam1wp3assessing Strategiesesadem6wp4engaging Stakeholdersnestam1wp5experiment and Pioneerwaag Societym6wp6policy
List of Work Packages 9 A diagram of how the various work packages interrelate is shown below:
Work Package Diagram This report forms the third deliverable, D3 in the table below: Del. no.
and impact of DSI activities across Europe and beyond and to ensure that policy fostering DSI is based on scientific evidence of what works and
the website survey provides the foundation for the empirical results that are to be used in the rest of the project work packages.
what type of technology they are using in their work and what type of activities they are involved in (from research projects to delivering services or running incubators for early stage DSI start-ups).
'which refers to the type of social impact the organisations are looking to make through their work.
as 136 self-identified categories were used by organisations to define their work. Only the most popular are shown below to illustrate this.
valorising labour time equally, or linking currencies to data. 25 2. New ways of making A vibrant ecosystem of makers is developing across Europe and globally.
The work by Your Priorities in Iceland and Open Ministry in Finland on bringing DSI to the core of government by crowdsourcing legislation is another.
The work by the local government in Vienna on Open Government Data Vienna led to citizens developing a raft of innovations,
The work by the EU DG Research funded social innovation research projects TEPSIE on the role of ICT in social innovation
The work by Nesta in the UK on the tech for good incubator Bethnal Green Ventures and Waag Society in Amsterdam work on setting up
and looking at in the light of the case study work, we can outline some key characteristics of the type of activities that DSI players are carrying forward to support DSI.
Volunteers called Chaos Angels do a big part of the organisational and logistical work. An important element of the congress are the assemblies
they will have a free Stand in a classic exhibition this works the other way around, with the organizers dividing the space in square meters
as is the work by the social innovation research project TEPSIE on the role of ICT and social innovation.
Examples of this include the Nominet Trust's (UK) work Digital Edge, a programme which funds ventures that demonstrate how technology can offer a viable alternative to existing ways of addressing the social challenges faced by young people.
The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing and advocating for Web standards,
the P2p foundation that works on promoting peer to peer practices, and the Iot Council promoting an open Internet of things vision are good examples of this.
Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop applications for citizens
The work by Tor on creating a secure and privacy-aware service that bounce Internet users'and websites'traffic through relays run by thousands of volunteers around the world,
Other pioneering examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not for profit Praxis on the Meiraha project,
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware.
but the majority of work is done by a larger network of other organisations in the long tail that are connected via the super-nodes.
Another example is the work by Open Garden on facilitating the sharing of Internet between devices.
In this sense, the close work with a small group in the very place where the group lives is of utmost importance.
and work in networks across organisation boundaries including the boundary between the private and public sphere.
and to access what works and what doesn't to calibrate interventions and investments. Addressing barriers to growth and scale.
The next stage of Work package 2 will include the Task 2. 2, the development of the website.
Work Package 3-Assessing Strategiesthe first steps in Policy Research in WP3 will follow a hierarchical schema,
particularly H2020 and work programmes, Digital Agenda, Social Innovation in DG Regio and Social Entrepreneurship in DG Enterprise.
or they are rooted in the methodology used for its design. 53 Work Package 4-Engaging Stakeholders To support the growth
Work Package 5-Experiment and Pioneer Because policy aims to shape the behaviour of economic agents by tapping into their motivations and incentives
Work Package 6 Recommendations The objective of this work package is to compile the learning of the project by distilling a set of policy recommendations for Digital Social Innovation.
thus not using cheap labour and low quality materials: to emphasise this they had the Italian map stamped on the front of the first board,
which allows for both personal and commercial derivative works, as long as they credit Arduino and release their designs under the same license.
and campaigning network that works to ensure that the‘views and values of the world's people inform global decision-making.'
and campaigning works you leverage bursts of engagement from our membership with particular priorities and campaigns to generate longer term sustainable impacts. 66
Marketing and promoting a website is a lot of hard work and costs money. As‘democracy nerds'the Citizens Foundation team are worried that most of our social lives are being run by one company, Facebook.
The actual work is divided into five activities: Developing a Technological Framework (lead: University of Tilburg.
Part of the work is technical in nature: selecting standards, developing frameworks and architectures, as well as writing the actual code for the API's and applications.
Lastly there is work in deciding where the results will go after the project, to ensure uptake
It turns out this actually works well for the development community and data owners alike.
Code for America involved‘a new type of public service based on the work of volunteer programmers that has sought to building bridges between the public and new technologies.'
Commons4eu also works with other social innovators on more specific challenges as part of an informal global network and conversation about how technology might be used to rethink the way we approach city governance.
and new cultural works are created. This definition is extracted from the Public domain Manifesto, an output of the Thematic Network:
Management of orphan works, i e. works whose author is unknown: COMMUNIA policy paper on the proposed orphan works directive.
What is the social impact it is seeking, including any evidence of impact to date? The COMMUNIA Association and its Members raise awareness in,
educate about, advocate for, and offer expertise on and research about the Public domain, in the digital age within society and with policy-makers.
The association works on deliverables such as policy papers, projects, and WIPO statements. Event-wise the association organises meetings, conferences, projects, and consultations.
a consortium of Design Labs based in design schools and in other design-oriented universities that work alongside local,
the results of this work and research are shared all across the DESIS network. For example, the research report Piloting digital storytelling
In their research and practical work, Everyaware focus on sensing, mobile and location-based technologies, as well as data visualisation.
The only requirement for using Fablab Amsterdam in open days is to document the work and project on the Fablab website and share the designs with the rest of the community under a Creative Commons license.
which the team see as fertile ground for beginning this work. One example of this is the Fablab Low cost Prosthesis program
and applies both digital fabrication and traditional craftsmanship in its design and production work. The digital fabrication include machines such as, Laser cutter, Milling machine, Vinyl Cutter, Embroidery Machine, 3d printer, Thermal Cycler, Microscope, Centrifuge, Spectrometer, Incubator, Autoclave, Rotary
to make the work with different machines easier. Teleconferencing system and digital communication: To Fablab Amsterdam, it is very important to build
Much of the work in the Fablab relies and is based on open source design and open hardware such as Arduino.
and grow the lab. This naturally required a lot of hard work, as did finishing the Fab Academy training to give him the skills
The majority of work in the Fablab is run by an active community of volunteers. This, the Fablab team sees as one of the most important drivers for success,
Fairphone works with factories where a specially established fund will ensure decent wages are distributed amongst workers.
Work and employment, other Technology Trends: Open Knowledge DSI activities: Operating a web service Key facts:
and better versions of their work collaboratively. It has grown since to be the largest social coding repository in the world.
a system of self-allocated work spurred on by the belief that creativity and innovation are contingent upon employees investing themselves in the projects they commit themselves to.
A study based on a series of in depth interviews with central and peripheral Github users (carried out by the School of Computer science and the Center for the Future of Work, Heinz College and Carnegie mellon University;
Users combine these inferences into effective strategies for coordinating work, advancing technical skills and managing their reputation. 117 How is funded the organisation?
Because modern programming tends to be about assembling code in the form of libraries, open source work,
Work and employment, other Technology Trends: Open Knowledge DSI activities: Operating a web service Key facts:
Peoplefund. it works in a similar way to crowdfunding platform Kickstarter. As an example the platform was used to successfully raise £4, 401 (109 per cent) of the £4, 030 target for the proposed Dyfi Landshare.
which can aid board members in their work. One example of the latter is the Slow Food an organisation based in Germany with more than 11
and do their work, but we want the grassroots to be able to control them'.
Giving back Open-source hardware is about sharing work with others for everyone's benefit. It is beneficial for all parties to provide upgrades
it is possible to make profits doing commercial work that can be re-invest 141 ed in charitable,
and it is this company (mysociety ltd) that does commercial work. Today about 40%of mysociety's income is from commercial work
and they work towards expanding this, while developing‘a reputation as a software company that can solve problems that more traditional web companies can't.'mysociety Ltd.,
mysociety has future plans that relate to various different parts of their work: To grow the open-source communities around some of their core websites
Open data sit at the core of all Opencorporates work. This is both a tool to scrape,
and the organisation tends to work with freelancers and volunteers. What are the main barriers t o innovate?
'For P2p Foundation, a great number of these people carry out this type of work without a full awareness that there are others who could mutually benefit from working together on these initiatives.
As described above, Patientslikeme works towards a creating a platform and, in the long-term, a health care system,
Sharing only works when there is reputation involved. Most sharing platforms try to combat this issue by building a self-policing community.
and have shown that the platform works on small scale. The next challenge is to understand how it could work on a larger scale;
so can work more easily in electrical off-grid environments. Other than the fact that the demand for the Raspberry Pi computers have exceeded far the team's original predicted figure of 10
This means that it work more easily in electrical off-grid environments, making it an ideal device for educational purposes in developing countries, etc.
The quality and public value of the work done by Safecast was evidenced further when, on September 15, 2012,
The current team (of 22 full-time staff) is comprised of individuals with a wide span of experience ranging from human rights 208 work to software development.
Sustainability In the case of Haiti, the UHP has made a great effort to transition the work they started,
They supported the Commission's intention to work towards the completion of the Digital Single Market
The Commission will also report on the outcome of the consultation on the online distribution of audiovisual works and on the implications of the"Premier League"ruling in the field of digital content.
and online display of orphan works and introduces a new exception to copyright (one of the few ones to be fully harmonised at EU level).
This Communication sets out two parallel work tracks. On the one hand the Commission will complete its ongoing review of the EU copyright framework, based on market legal and economic studies,
and text and data mining. As part of this exercise, a report will be published on the outcome of the consultation launched by the Green Paper on the online distribution of audiovisual works in early 2013.
and of the Council of 25 october 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/copyright/orphan works/index en. htm 16 COM (2012
Following BEREC's work in this field, the Commission services launched a public consultation on"specific aspects of transparency, traffic management and switching in an Open Internet"on between 23 july and 15 october 2012.
whether the mini OSS (to be implemented by 2015) works properly. Consequently progress on this issue can only be reported after 2015.
This work will continue in 2013. Finally, an awareness-raising campaign in the framework of the Year of Citizenship will begin in December 2013.
pdf 22 The Commission has set up the S3 Platform55 to support the regions through peer reviews and workshops to share best practices and work towards the preparation of these strategies.
The important work of the Securepay Forum should also be transparent and properly communicated to all players.
We believe that ecoinnovations in SMES will contribute to a making a green economy work in Europe and worldwide.
and other materials for reuse from Thames Water's replacement works. This has injected new life into an old deposition site near Chatham Docks
This work was supported by CNCSIS-UEFISCSU, project number PN II-RU TE 328/2010. Key-words: eco-innovation, SMES, Romania 1 Introduction The importance of sustainability is ever growing,
Z. 2011), Facilitating Expansion of Cross-Border E-commerce-Developing a Global Online Dispute Resolution System (Lessons Derived from Existing ODR Systems Work of the United nations Commission on International
Skills, innovation and competition are crucial to making technology work. The productivity growth gap between the US and Europe is partly down to differences in effectiveness of ICT use.
and change the way people work to take advantage of new technology. Policymakers and business leaders have work to do.
and economists that the EU as a whole was falling behind the United states in key measures of economic growth, most crucially that of labour productivity growth.
and have registered the fastest labour productivity growth over the 1996-2002 period. The exception is Ireland,
The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 9 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Labour productivity growth and ICT Aggregate labour productivity growth and ICT contribution
to labour productivity growth, 14 European countries and US, 1990-95 and 1996-2002, in percentage points 1990 1995 1996 2002 Labour prod.
ICT Labour prod. ICT growth contribution growth contribution Norway 3. 11 0. 85 Ireland 3. 76 1. 90 Sweden 2. 95 0. 96
OECD Along with Ireland, the US recorded the biggest increases in ICT contribution to labour productivity growth in the 1996-2002 period. 10 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT
Education and the business environment are crucial to making technology work ICT development is only one of the important factors affecting growth.
along with Ireland that have registered the largest ICT contributions to labour productivity growth in Europe in the 1996-2002 period.
which in turn leads to increases in labour productivity. Economists believe ICT capital investment has made a sizeable contribution to GDP growth in many developed countries in the past decade,
Contribution of ICT-using services to aggregate labour productivity growth-0 50-0. 25 0. 00 0. 25 0. 50 0. 75 1
as well as in labour productivity and other key macroeconomic indicators. By contrast, Ireland has outpaced even the US in ICT-led productivity growth
In addition to its work in R&d, Tekes recently launched a programme to encourage productive use of ICT in SMES.
however, on the link between labour regulations and productivity growth, and on the desirability of policy initiatives to effect change.
If nothing else, the relationship between labour regulations and ICT-led productivity growth will need to be explored more fully before politicians at either the EU
Eike Röhling, director-general of technology policy in the federal Ministry of Economics and Labour, cites the shortage of venture capital as one of the key barriers to innovation in his country.
In Europe as in the US, a substantial volume of R&d work is conducted by universities and independent research institutes.
In the UK, for example, any firms that want to work with local authorities will have to be able to do business online by 2005.
Despite the considerable work that has gone into making the ICT investment measures comparable across countries,
and business environment variables (measured by a synthetic index covering labour, product and financial markets) and their possible interaction with ICT.
2. The origins of Smartgrids The Smartgrids European Technology Platform for Electricity Networks of the Future began its work in 2005.
Future work should adopt a techno-economic system approach for a trans-European network. This calls for the development of:
when companies know it works. 31 VISION AND STRATEGY I ELECTRICITY NETWORKS OF THE FUTURE As in other ETPS,
and transformations in the world of work and the labour market. Overall findings from all reports may be found in the Synthesis Report published by RAND Europe,
This work is based on desk research in the form of a nonsystematic review of the academic and grey literature on the major trends for this theme.
For more information about RAND Europe or this work, contact Stijn Hoorens (hoorens@rand. org). Rue de la Loi 82 Westbrook Centre, Milton Road 1040
world and its impact on different societies 5. The role of mobility and migrations and their impact on identities 6. Old and new labour and work.
the development of these technologies may have a positive contribution in meeting social challenges, for instance by potentially revolutionising work, changing structural relationships between labour and capital,
In sum, these inequalities work against democracy and empowerment for some people, while at the same time producing expanded opportunities of political participation
, regulation Market penetration rates, global revenues++Medium to long term Preserving global competitiveness of EU industry, societal impacts of new technologies (work, health education, etc.
Börsch-Supan, A.,Labor market Effects of Population Aging, Labour, Vol. 17, pp. 5-44.2003. Bourmpoula, K. a. 2013.
and Pelin Sekerler Richiardi,"Employment, job quality and social implications of the global crisis,"World of Work Report, Vol. 2012, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-34
Recovering from a second jobs dip, International labour Organisation, Geneva, 2013. Available as of 28 august:
http://www. ilo. org/wcmsp5/groups/public/--dgreports/--dcomm/--publ/documents/publication/wcms 202326. pdf ILO and IILS, World of Work Report 2012
'Better Jobs for a Better Economy',International Labour Organisation, 2012. IMF. IMF Has Clear Role in Interconnected World.
International Labour Office, Global employment trends for the youth, Geneva: International Labour Office, 2012a. Global employment trends.
Preventing a deeper job crisis, Geneva: International Labour Office, 2012b. International Labour Organisation, Global employment trends 2013.
Recovering from a second jobs dip, Geneva: International Labour Organisation, 2013. International monetary fund,,From Stimulus to Consolidation:
Revenue and Expenditure Policies in Advanced and Emerging Economies (Washington), 2010a. International organization for Migration (IOM),"World Migration Report 2011:
Communicating Effectively about Migration,"IOM, 2011. ITU, Measuring the Information Society, Geneva, Switzerland: International Telecommunications Union, 2011.
Jones, A.,"The rise of global work,"Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Vol. 33, No. 1, 2008, pp. 12-26.
Labour Economics 17 (2): 303 316, April 2010 Kalleberg, A. 2006. The Mismatched Worker. New york:
Kotowska, I.,"Family Change in Europe from the Transition to Adulthood Perspective,"in Knijn, T.,ed.,Work, Family Policies and Transitions to Adulthood in Europe, Basingstoke:
The future of work in advanced economies, Mckinsey Global Institute, 2012. Marin, D. 2010. The Opening Up of Eastern europe at 20-Jobs, Skills and‘Reverse Maquiladoras'in Austria and Germany, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich Discussion Papers in Economics No. 2010-14.
Work and the Workplace, Knoll Workplace Research, 2011. Oyer, P. 2006) The making of an investment banker:
Pransky, G. S.,K. L. Benjamin, J. A. Savageau, D. Currivan and K. Fletcher Outcomes in Work-Related Injuries:
Work Hour Mismatches and the Role of Children. Social Forces, 91 (1): 131-155. Rheingold, Howard, Smart mobs:
An Industry Level Analysis, Paper presented at the European Association of Labour Economists 2009 Annual Conference, Talinn.
and in particular the project workstream leaders and advisory board members, for their generosity with their time, ideas and support for this work.
both by continuing to promote its work around innovation-driven entrepreneurship, and through a new research project focused on open innovation ecosystems in Europe.
As a result of this collaboration, four central ideas have emerged from the Forum's work in this field. Fostering innovation-driven entrepreneurship in Europe requires a comprehensive view of the entire entrepreneurial life cycle. 1 Section two describes how the life cycle of an innovationdriven entrepreneurial venture can be divided into three phases stand up,
The Forum and its partners will continue to support this work, in particular through further research and dialogue on how to foster the development of a robust European Open Innovation Ecosystem.
and have more control of one's work (67%of respondents), to create an innovative offering to take to market
with a clear majority in the European union (EU) now favouring work as an employee. Another is the prevailing attitude towards entrepreneurs
considering their capacity to manage collaborations without compromising their core fields of work. Developing culture and organization Fostering a collaborative culture and organization Both a soft cultural and a hard organizational component need to be considered:
and monitoring degree of openness The not-invented-here syndrome that leads to external work being seen as competition
connections between challenges and solvers Innocentive works with over 300 000 solvers from more than 200 countries,
The initiative will start in 2015 with a planned budget of €24. 9 million as indicated in the Innovation in SMES work programme.
and venture capital to SMES and will work in conjunction with Horizon 2020. In early 2013, the Commission launched a public consultation on how to foster the supply of long-term financing
and cost of production and labour. Key activities on an agenda to foster innovation-driven entrepreneurship in Europe:
and momentum by connecting stakeholders better Together, focusing stakeholders on what works at scale, connecting actors and developing effective partnership approaches can lead to a more integrated innovation ecosystem that can contribute to growth in European industries
The Forum welcomes your input on the work described in this report and your desire to be engaged in its upcoming research on Open Innovation.
A t. Kearney Kai Engel, Partner and MD, Germany, Lead Partner for Innovation and Research & development Management Eva Diedrichs, Managing director, A t. Kearney IMPROVE Holding Work Package
4. How should such an immunization system work? 5. What kind of ICTS may be used to enhance delivery of healthcare services?
and plans but it is desirable that the different health centres/hospitals offering immunization services work in a cooperative environment
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK Simple low cost techniques that are sustainable should be developed based on the following strategies for overcoming barriers to the successful integration of ICT into the delivery of immunization healthcare systems.
Highlights For SMES in the OECD, economic globalisation has created new competitors, especially in low labour cost countries,
One of the most important implications of globalisation is that the comparative advantage of OECD nations is shifting away from traditional factors of production, such as land, labour and capital, towards knowledge-based economic activities.
and other production costs sufficiently to compete with the low-cost foreign producers,(3) substitute equipment and technology for labour to increase productivity,
Substituting capital and technology for labour, along with shifting production to lower-cost locations has resulted in waves of corporate downsizing throughout Europe and North america.
rarely work with other companies; have no development activities; and rarely bring new products on the market.
But knowledge as an input is inherently different than the more traditional inputs of labour,
It is not simply the concentration of skilled labour, suppliers and information that distinguish the region.
But doing so requires skilled labour, and high investments in human capital. -Continual innovation. Both the nature of the products,
In these specialised industrial districts an agglomeration of producers within an industry work in close physical proximity.
These firms generally favoured decentralised manufacturing locations in close proximity to other firms within the network in an effort to preserve small effective work groups. 55.
Globalisation has shifted clearly the comparative advantage of OECD countries away from traditional inputs of production land, labour, capital and toward knowledge.
These firms perform some development and design work, often have an absorptive capacity that recognises
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