or for-profit businesses innovating new approaches to helping disabled people into work. But these definitions provide a reasonable starting point.
and as organizations 154 innovations/spring 2006 The Process of Social Innovation develop experience about how to make them work.
15 the sociological work on the role of intermediaries who help make markets work more efficiently,
17 and the work pioneered by Everett Rogers on diffusion. Often the insights from business pose important challenges to social innovators.
(and generally the quality of theoretical work in this field has been low, with little progress since the pioneering work in the 1980s at Manchester
and Sussex Universities linking social innovation to broader patterns of technological change). Nor has much use been made of the advances made in parallel disciplines.
Considerable work is now under way on measuring the outputs and outcomes of public and social organizations, including the fascinating work led by Dale Jorgensen at Harvard on valuing the informal economy and family work,
and the recent work led by Tony Atkinson at Oxford university on the value of public services. These go far beyond the rather crude claims that are made sometimes for the productivity and efficacy of social organizations.
Yet the truth is that very little is known about productivity in the civic sector and although in mature fields it is possible to compare similar public, private,
and in his work and his writings he anticipated today's interest in social enterprise
Jo Casebourne, Nesta Kelly Armstrong, Nesta Second Interim Study report Contract no. 30-CE-0531673/00-86 2014, European commission This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
The objective of work package 3 is to identify compare, and evaluate the most salient innovation strategies in the field of digital social innovation.
building on the work presented in this report. Finally, we will continue our work on engaging and mapping the DSI community,
The objective of work package 3 is to identify compare, and evaluate the most salient innovation strategies in the field of digital social innovation.
One stream within this research (Work Package 8) focusses on online networks and ICT enabled social innovation.
Open Hardware and Open Knowledge need to overcome to scale their work and how they can do this.
which fixations (works entitled to copyright protection are made openly available. Participants in the culture can modify those products
Regarding governance, the open source community works under the principles of peer governance a bottomup mode of participatory decision-making.
developers tend to work in isolation. Despite gathering around certain events and activities or participating in social networks,
As a consequence, products and services are the result of individuals'bright ideas and, only to a small extent, of cooperative work Lack of visibility:
It is also responsible for the implementation of the work programme, in line with the budget. ENOLL has five operational work groups under the Council as well as several thematic subgroups.
It offers different types of services to its members depending on the fee they pay: certification, communication and promotion, project development,
For crowdsourcing to work, one needs the right crowd. For example if technical or scientific knowledge is required,
and that can improve their work. We have referred already to some of them in section 5. 4 as enablers for some of them are also intermediary platforms that provide resources and offer services.
ERDF funds have also incentivized the work of other living labs, such as PACALABS101 and Oululabs102.
and the quality of work performed. The authors suggest that financial incentives may be used to control trade-off between accuracy
This Amazon's micro-labour site offers members a chance to perform Human Intelligence Tasks (HIT) for a few pennies per completed task (for example, writing a 350+English resource article for USD17. 50.
Actually, reputation (the social recognition for meaningful and creative work within the crowd), publicity and the sense of community in general (that is, the knowledge that one is contributing to a large project
1) information about the organisation, 2) relationships with citizens and society, 3) economic and financial transparency, 4) procurement transparency, 5) 44 transparency in urban works,
and support the way representative democracy works nowadays. Davies (2013) and Janssen et al (2012) also refer to reputation
and policy ideas for beyond the Digital Agenda and Europe 2020, looking at three main pillars of the frame work:
and helped them to scale up their work What the biggest barriers were faced that they and how to address them (through policy?
You may also want to promote the importance of evidencebased policy-making as a continual process of understanding what works
seeking the right balance between the interests of creators (to control their work and to be able to make a living of their creativity) and the interests of society (access to information and culture, freedom of expression)( Keller,
despite the existence of studies and evaluations, there is not much evidence on what really works and
and to improve investment in those that really work. This is, therefore, also a recommendation related to policy making to support digital social innovation.
However, in this second interim report we cannot yet engage in this work, due to the small and mostly disconnected data-set we currently have gathered,
We would argue that future work after the end of the DSI project should allow the website
but that lots of work must be done to connect the many disconnected local digital social innovation organisations to the larger European network. 64 7. Understanding
One example of this is Nesta's work with the UK Cabinet office on The Centre for Social action Innovation Fund,
they will need to demonstrate how they can evidence their work and progress from level one and onwards. 65 9. Next steps The activities listed above have been successful in helping us map over 500 organisations,
and to begin to understand the community and how it works. However, we are need we to continue our engagement work to increase our reach in to the DSI community.
The decline in EU labour productivity growth rates in the mid-990s was attributed equally to a lower investment per employee and to a slowdown in the rate of technological progress (Kok, 2004.
5) Now Networked Enterprise and RFID Unit, Directorate General information Society and Media. 6) Inspired by work of Thomas Kurz,
This model works well when the central firm is healthy, but represents a significant weakness for the economy of the region
Work currently being done in the OPAALS project: www. opaals. org. 2) In the private sector this refers to fewer IPR restrictions,
Therefore, the balance that seems to work in business environments is layered based on a approach: combining an open source shared middleware infrastructure with software services,
or the know-how of the way the open source process works and the implications of different types of licences.
to understand the nature of digital technologies as‘configurations that work 'and as constituents of multilevel socio-technical structures which mediate social innovation processes.
In their mostly tangible manifestation technologies are configurations that work (Rip and Kemp, 1998; more specifically, configurations that include tangible artefacts, the skills of technologists and users,
configurations incorporating digital technologies that work to meet social needs and enhance society's capacity to act.
Conversely digital technologies can be viewed as integral components of the social innovative configurations that work.
Research issues to be explored in future work Ahead of the presentation at the BAM 2014 conference we will further develop the provisional framework presented above, by drawing more extensively on the theory of socio-technical transitions.
to understand the nature of digital technologies as‘configurations that work 'and as constituents of multilevel socio-technical structures which mediate social innovation processes.
The economic theory, Work Foundation. Degelsegger, A. & Kesselring, A. 2012. Do Nonhumans Make a Difference?
Case studies, Work Foundation. Latour, B. 2005. Reassembling the social-an introduction to actor-network-theory. Reassembling the Social-An Introduction to Actor-Network-theory, by Bruno Latour, pp. 316.
The Work Foundation, London. The European commission. 2013. Collective Awareness Platforms for Sustainability and Social Innovation Online.
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This law removes the requirement for certain commercial activities to obtain a municipal license to initiate the execution of works and start operations.
Some require that work injury and safety documentation (corresponding to the specific business or workplace in question) be filed along with the forms.
whom the construction works have been attributed at the time of the inspection. Agency: Entidades Colaboradoras Urbanisticas-ECU 4 Request and receive final inspection in connection with the operating license Private collaborating entities (ECU) carry out the inspection and issue the declaration of conformity at the end of the construction works.
Buildco must pay a fee to the collaborating entities. The amount is EUR 2600 for the first 500 square meters and additionally EUR 1. 25 for every additional square meter.
which must be signed by the technical director of the work. This certificate must declare that the constructed building is in accordance with the issued license.
If urbanization works have been carried out simultaneously with construction, and this urbanization was completed by the builder,
the builder must present the final certification of these works. Certificado final de obra visado por el Colegio Profesional y Plan de Autoprotección (Ordenanza Municipal de Tramitación de Licencias Urbanísticas
These procedures include applications and contracts with electricity utilities, clearances from other agencies and the external and final connection works.
and receiving all necessary inspections Obtaining external installation works and possibly purchasing material for these works Concluding any necessary supply contract
and obtaining final supply Time required to complete each procedure (calendar days) Is at least 1 calendar day Each procedure starts on a separate day Does not include time spent gathering information Reflects the time spent in practice,
but all the works are carried out in a public land, so there is no crossing into other people's private property.
Iberdrola 20 calendar days EUR 3, 604 3*The customer obtains a license for the external works from the City council Customers need to obtain a license for the external works from the municipality.
The taxes on this license are 4%of the cost of the works. Agency: City council 25 calendar days EUR 1, 840 4 Iberdrola or a private firm does the connection works Customers have two choices:
The external connection works can be done by Iberdrola or the customer can hire a private licensed electrical constructor.
Two cases are considered equally likely for a customer with a load of 140kva: Iberdrola's distribution network allows for connections of up to 160kva at the low-voltage level.
Irrespective of who executes the actual works of the connection (installation of the transformer, excavation for cables etc.
Also new is that Doing Business collects data on regulations applying to employees hired through temporary-work agencies as well as on those applying to permanent employees
employee termination, weekend work, holiday with pay, night work, protection against unemployment and medical care and sickness benefits.
iii) the minimum wage for a cashier, age 19, with 1 year of work experience; and (iv) the ratio of the minimum wage to the average value added per worker.
vi) whether there are restrictions on weekly holiday work; and (vii) the average paid annual leave for workers with 1 year of tenure, 5 years of tenure and 10 years of tenure.
European union D4 Second Interim Study Report (rev. edition) Contract no. 30-CE-0531673/00-86 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Sharealike 4
This report describes our work to date, having investigated more than 250 case studies of digital social innovation services,
and to frame a more detailed discussion on how these could be implemented within the frameowrk of the Digital Agenda for Europe and under the Horizons 2020 Work Programme,
and to access what works and what doesn't to calibrate interventions and investments. Addressing barriers to growth and scale.
This report describes our work to date, having investigated more than 250 case studies of digital social innovation services,
strategy, and policy recommendations for DSI in relation to the Digital Agenda for Europe and under the Horizons 2020 Work Programme,
DSI Timelinedelivering the research through 6 work packages As outlined in the table below, the DSI research project is delivered through 6 work packages that are interlinked.
We are now into month 6 of the research, which has been focused mainly on WP1 (identifying actors,
Work package Nowork package titlelead participant. short namestart monthwp1identifying DSI organisations Waag Societym1wp2mapping DSI organisations and activitiesnestam1wp3assessing Strategiesesadem6wp4engaging Stakeholdersnestam1wp5experiment and Pioneerwaag Societym6wp6policy
List of Work Packages 9 A diagram of how the various work packages interrelate is shown below:
Work Package Diagram This report forms the third deliverable, D3 in the table below: Del. no.
and impact of DSI activities across Europe and beyond and to ensure that policy fostering DSI is based on scientific evidence of what works and
the website survey provides the foundation for the empirical results that are to be used in the rest of the project work packages.
what type of technology they are using in their work and what type of activities they are involved in (from research projects to delivering services or running incubators for early stage DSI start-ups).
'which refers to the type of social impact the organisations are looking to make through their work.
as 136 self-identified categories were used by organisations to define their work. Only the most popular are shown below to illustrate this.
valorising labour time equally, or linking currencies to data. 25 2. New ways of making A vibrant ecosystem of makers is developing across Europe and globally.
The work by Your Priorities in Iceland and Open Ministry in Finland on bringing DSI to the core of government by crowdsourcing legislation is another.
The work by the local government in Vienna on Open Government Data Vienna led to citizens developing a raft of innovations,
The work by the EU DG Research funded social innovation research projects TEPSIE on the role of ICT in social innovation
The work by Nesta in the UK on the tech for good incubator Bethnal Green Ventures and Waag Society in Amsterdam work on setting up
and looking at in the light of the case study work, we can outline some key characteristics of the type of activities that DSI players are carrying forward to support DSI.
Volunteers called Chaos Angels do a big part of the organisational and logistical work. An important element of the congress are the assemblies
they will have a free Stand in a classic exhibition this works the other way around, with the organizers dividing the space in square meters
as is the work by the social innovation research project TEPSIE on the role of ICT and social innovation.
Examples of this include the Nominet Trust's (UK) work Digital Edge, a programme which funds ventures that demonstrate how technology can offer a viable alternative to existing ways of addressing the social challenges faced by young people.
The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing and advocating for Web standards,
the P2p foundation that works on promoting peer to peer practices, and the Iot Council promoting an open Internet of things vision are good examples of this.
Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop applications for citizens
The work by Tor on creating a secure and privacy-aware service that bounce Internet users'and websites'traffic through relays run by thousands of volunteers around the world,
Other pioneering examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not for profit Praxis on the Meiraha project,
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware.
but the majority of work is done by a larger network of other organisations in the long tail that are connected via the super-nodes.
Another example is the work by Open Garden on facilitating the sharing of Internet between devices.
In this sense, the close work with a small group in the very place where the group lives is of utmost importance.
and work in networks across organisation boundaries including the boundary between the private and public sphere.
and to access what works and what doesn't to calibrate interventions and investments. Addressing barriers to growth and scale.
The next stage of Work package 2 will include the Task 2. 2, the development of the website.
Work Package 3-Assessing Strategiesthe first steps in Policy Research in WP3 will follow a hierarchical schema,
particularly H2020 and work programmes, Digital Agenda, Social Innovation in DG Regio and Social Entrepreneurship in DG Enterprise.
or they are rooted in the methodology used for its design. 53 Work Package 4-Engaging Stakeholders To support the growth
Work Package 5-Experiment and Pioneer Because policy aims to shape the behaviour of economic agents by tapping into their motivations and incentives
Work Package 6 Recommendations The objective of this work package is to compile the learning of the project by distilling a set of policy recommendations for Digital Social Innovation.
thus not using cheap labour and low quality materials: to emphasise this they had the Italian map stamped on the front of the first board,
which allows for both personal and commercial derivative works, as long as they credit Arduino and release their designs under the same license.
and campaigning network that works to ensure that the‘views and values of the world's people inform global decision-making.'
and campaigning works you leverage bursts of engagement from our membership with particular priorities and campaigns to generate longer term sustainable impacts. 66
Marketing and promoting a website is a lot of hard work and costs money. As‘democracy nerds'the Citizens Foundation team are worried that most of our social lives are being run by one company, Facebook.
The actual work is divided into five activities: Developing a Technological Framework (lead: University of Tilburg.
Part of the work is technical in nature: selecting standards, developing frameworks and architectures, as well as writing the actual code for the API's and applications.
Lastly there is work in deciding where the results will go after the project, to ensure uptake
It turns out this actually works well for the development community and data owners alike.
Code for America involved‘a new type of public service based on the work of volunteer programmers that has sought to building bridges between the public and new technologies.'
Commons4eu also works with other social innovators on more specific challenges as part of an informal global network and conversation about how technology might be used to rethink the way we approach city governance.
and new cultural works are created. This definition is extracted from the Public domain Manifesto, an output of the Thematic Network:
Management of orphan works, i e. works whose author is unknown: COMMUNIA policy paper on the proposed orphan works directive.
What is the social impact it is seeking, including any evidence of impact to date? The COMMUNIA Association and its Members raise awareness in,
educate about, advocate for, and offer expertise on and research about the Public domain, in the digital age within society and with policy-makers.
The association works on deliverables such as policy papers, projects, and WIPO statements. Event-wise the association organises meetings, conferences, projects, and consultations.
a consortium of Design Labs based in design schools and in other design-oriented universities that work alongside local,
the results of this work and research are shared all across the DESIS network. For example, the research report Piloting digital storytelling
In their research and practical work, Everyaware focus on sensing, mobile and location-based technologies, as well as data visualisation.
The only requirement for using Fablab Amsterdam in open days is to document the work and project on the Fablab website and share the designs with the rest of the community under a Creative Commons license.
which the team see as fertile ground for beginning this work. One example of this is the Fablab Low cost Prosthesis program
and applies both digital fabrication and traditional craftsmanship in its design and production work. The digital fabrication include machines such as, Laser cutter, Milling machine, Vinyl Cutter, Embroidery Machine, 3d printer, Thermal Cycler, Microscope, Centrifuge, Spectrometer, Incubator, Autoclave, Rotary
to make the work with different machines easier. Teleconferencing system and digital communication: To Fablab Amsterdam, it is very important to build
Much of the work in the Fablab relies and is based on open source design and open hardware such as Arduino.
and grow the lab. This naturally required a lot of hard work, as did finishing the Fab Academy training to give him the skills
The majority of work in the Fablab is run by an active community of volunteers. This, the Fablab team sees as one of the most important drivers for success,
Fairphone works with factories where a specially established fund will ensure decent wages are distributed amongst workers.
Work and employment, other Technology Trends: Open Knowledge DSI activities: Operating a web service Key facts:
and better versions of their work collaboratively. It has grown since to be the largest social coding repository in the world.
a system of self-allocated work spurred on by the belief that creativity and innovation are contingent upon employees investing themselves in the projects they commit themselves to.
A study based on a series of in depth interviews with central and peripheral Github users (carried out by the School of Computer science and the Center for the Future of Work, Heinz College and Carnegie mellon University;
Users combine these inferences into effective strategies for coordinating work, advancing technical skills and managing their reputation. 117 How is funded the organisation?
Because modern programming tends to be about assembling code in the form of libraries, open source work,
Work and employment, other Technology Trends: Open Knowledge DSI activities: Operating a web service Key facts:
Peoplefund. it works in a similar way to crowdfunding platform Kickstarter. As an example the platform was used to successfully raise £4, 401 (109 per cent) of the £4, 030 target for the proposed Dyfi Landshare.
which can aid board members in their work. One example of the latter is the Slow Food an organisation based in Germany with more than 11
and do their work, but we want the grassroots to be able to control them'.
Giving back Open-source hardware is about sharing work with others for everyone's benefit. It is beneficial for all parties to provide upgrades
it is possible to make profits doing commercial work that can be re-invest 141 ed in charitable,
and it is this company (mysociety ltd) that does commercial work. Today about 40%of mysociety's income is from commercial work
and they work towards expanding this, while developing‘a reputation as a software company that can solve problems that more traditional web companies can't.'mysociety Ltd.,
mysociety has future plans that relate to various different parts of their work: To grow the open-source communities around some of their core websites
Open data sit at the core of all Opencorporates work. This is both a tool to scrape,
and the organisation tends to work with freelancers and volunteers. What are the main barriers t o innovate?
'For P2p Foundation, a great number of these people carry out this type of work without a full awareness that there are others who could mutually benefit from working together on these initiatives.
As described above, Patientslikeme works towards a creating a platform and, in the long-term, a health care system,
Sharing only works when there is reputation involved. Most sharing platforms try to combat this issue by building a self-policing community.
and have shown that the platform works on small scale. The next challenge is to understand how it could work on a larger scale;
so can work more easily in electrical off-grid environments. Other than the fact that the demand for the Raspberry Pi computers have exceeded far the team's original predicted figure of 10
This means that it work more easily in electrical off-grid environments, making it an ideal device for educational purposes in developing countries, etc.
The quality and public value of the work done by Safecast was evidenced further when, on September 15, 2012,
The current team (of 22 full-time staff) is comprised of individuals with a wide span of experience ranging from human rights 208 work to software development.
Sustainability In the case of Haiti, the UHP has made a great effort to transition the work they started,
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