Only 49%of men between the ages of 55 to 65 work (OECD). Environmental Trends:
for example, until recently the law only recognised social enterprises focusing on work inclusion. Finally, there are frequent confusions between the terms social enterprise and social economy.
and to establish scientifically which approach works best. There is also a need for more practical metrics to inform selection,
such as welfare-to-work programmes, provision of health services, education, early child development, access to public utilities, active retirement, etc.
to build a degree of consensus on what works and what not. It is a key instrument for supporting reforms where short-to mid-term impacts can be expected
but the objective of the experiment is to test if it works. Furthermore, randomised experiments are submitted usually to ethical committees for approval. 21 3. Examples of social innovation funded by the Structural Funds The Structural Funds have supported innovative approaches for many years and particularly since the 1989 reform
outreach work to engage specific groups such as migrants and Roma, and working on triple helix approaches to innovation involving universities, city administrations and the private sector.
Most work in cities involves multiple agencies operating at different levels. It provides many opportunities for regional authorities to tap into to gain funds for social innovation.
and URBACT to work with each other and other actors to find new and better economic development solutions.
From 2008 the social enterprise I-Cane Social Technology BV continued the works of the I-Cane foundation.
when considering‘what works'for different target communities in digital inclusion work. To promote sustainability
and procurement process (e g. through the inclusion of social clauses in public works and services contracts) Financial support can be delivered directly to individual companies, through social enterprise intermediaries,
France revised its public procurement rules in 2006 allowing the condition that part of the work must be delivered by a specific target group with a need for professional insertion.
a further 92,000 hours of work for disadvantaged people were produced benefiting 266 employees; 133 enterprises were mobilised through these works
of which 39 are in public works and 66 in building construction; 75%of beneficiaries were accompanied by a local insertion company (a type of training and employment social enterprise.
The Nantes example illustrates how public works contracts can deliver a double benefit: the work that needs to be done,
such as a road, as well as jobs for excluded people. 33 New forms of community based services The STEP Migrant one stop shop Pilot stage STEP is based in the small town of Dungannon, Northern ireland.
Their work has led to improvements in the terms imposed by unscrupulous employment agencies. They have addressed housing problems
In 2006 Mohammad Yunus and Grameen Bank were awarded jointly the Nobel Peace Prize for their work in developing
Employing injured or disabled fishermen the Atelier de Gens de Mer offers services such as net mending, maintenance of fishing boats and other harbour work.
self employment and microcredit for Roma in Hungary Piloting Stage Kiút aims to support Roma to work in the formal economy by starting up a business.
and the lead-time and work required to build up to the break even point of 5000 loans.
The cross-border project Alcotra Innovation (FR-IT) works with two e-health living lab pilot actions:
It is an independent social sciences research institute and works at European level to advance social innovation research.
which the cars could be put together in work inclusion social enterprises by those excluded from the labour market.
or developing a new approach to tackling societal problems. 8. Workplace innovation Workplace Innovation focuses on how to improve aspects of work organisation
Advisors work with management and staff combining strategic advice with social innovation (improving communication, raising personnel involvement etc.
Work organisation tram production in Bombardier Implementation stage The tram producing department of Bombardier Brugge redesigned its work organisation in the framework of an ESF project in 2010-2011.
The challenge the company intended to address was increased the stress of team managers due to a higher complexity of the work
With the redesigning of the work organisation, Bombardier aimed at reducing the stress at managerial level
safety, quality, maintenance), impacting the work of each production team, are taken up by individual team members.
Most of them see social innovation linked to the social economy and/or work organisation,
They use the image of a tree to illustrate how their strategy works. Figure 1:
Innobasque works at the policy level on many aspects of technological innovation but also brings in the general public through reflection groups
They are also exploring strategies to support the creation of new social firms (work integration social enterprises.
It works on a wide range of themes that are central to current and future regional policy.
BEPA would like to thank all the participating services for their very useful work and comments, especially reflected in part II of the report, namely DG AGRI,
yy the 2013 International Labour Organisation report2 notes that, in advanced economies, the challenge is to stimulate job creation while addressing macroeconomic imbalances;
http://www. oecd. org/els/soc/dividedwestandwhyinequalitykeepsrising. htm. 2 Repairing the economic and social fabric (ILO, World of work report 2013). 3 Now for the Long term, 2013;
'work across boundaries and facilitate the sharing of information and knowledge, and identify the role and interest of public authorities in enabling social innovation ecosystems.
strong labour protection and union influence, and a generous welfare state'does not 18 Senior Project Lead, Innovation Lab, EU Project Coordinator D-CENT-DSI. 19 cf. for instance:
shall work...for a highly competitive social market economy. All this calls for a fresh look at how the market
people (in whatever capacity they act) have to pool their resources and work together. Often, a dominant administrative culture or conflicting objectives prevent this.
and instruments where collective work is valued and recognised (or at least not penalised). Incubators to generate the birth
and facilitate innovation in the work of the Commission Services. yy Enabling Innovation: to establish a network of Innovation Single Contact Points in all Member States;
the work that needs to be done, such as a road, as well as jobs for excluded people. 3. 2. 2. Microfinance
France revised its public procurement rules in 2006 allowing the condition that part of the work must be delivered by a specific target group with a need for professional insertion.
a further 92 000 hours of work for disadvantaged people were produced benefiting266 employees; 133 enterprises were mobilised through these works;
75%of beneficiaries were accompanied by a local insertion company (a type of training and employment social enterprise.
/The Kiút Programme, self employment and microcredit for Roma in Hungary Kiút aims to support Roma to work in the formal economy by starting up a business.
and bringing together partnerships. 3. 2. 4. Workplace innovation Workplace innovation focuses on how to improve aspects of work organisation
which the cars could be put together in work inclusion social enterprises by those excluded from the labour market.
Advisers work with management and staff combining strategic advice with social innovation (improving communication, raising personnel involvement, etc.
By bringing people and institutions together and work collaboratively, it will show people in Portugal how to govern in a different way.
From 2008 the social enterprise I-Cane Social Technology BV continued the work of the I-Cane foundation.
Most of them consider social innovation to be linked to the social economy and/or work organisation,
Innobasque works at the policy level on many aspects of technological innovation but also brings in the general public through reflection groups and workshops such as its world café events,
It is also exploring strategies to support the creation of new social firms (work integration social enterprises.
achievements The abovementioned examples illustrate how social innovation works and succeeds in various areas in different European countries.
and from‘hands-on'volunteer work to constant inputs by civic engagement in a board.
paid work, volunteering and civic engagement. And secondly, it is at least remarkably new to see how much the demarcation lines between those who operate inside the organisation
social enterprises will be concerned more with the importance of their impact (through changing government practices and business, through developing effective solutions that work.
Social entrepreneurs will be connected with micro-social structures and work with public, charitable, academic and profit-oriented sectors.
yy piloting a European Public sector Innovation Scoreboard as a basis for further work to benchmark public sector innovation
I C i e S 65 transition from education to work and to offer concrete support and helping education
which encourage Member States to boost labour demand and job creation through promoting and supporting self employment, social enterprises and business start-ups.
in particular in the work of the ESF and ERDF and it will receive particular attention in the programming exercise
The first multiannual work programme (2014-15) of Horizon 2020 includes social innovation in many topics.
such as the work integration social enterprises (WISE), have a double function of providing social services to the community and of integrating low-skilled workers into the labour market.
'‘one-stop-shops'and‘work in stations'projects. 2. 4. Other programmes and action plans 2. 4. 1 The COSME programme:
and modernise education, training and youth work. This seven-year programme will have a budget of EUR 14.7 billion.
training and youth institutions and organisations to foster cooperation and bridge the worlds of education and work in order to tackle the skills gaps we are facing in Europe.
it will support the mobility of artists, works of art and films, transnational exchanges of experience and know-how about new business models, peer-learning activities or testing of new and cross-sectoral business approaches to funding,
This will, inter alia, inform the Commission's follow-up work to the Communication Unleashing the potential of Crowdfunding in the European Union141. 2. 4. 5. Innovation for a Sustainable Future The Eco-innovation Action Plan (Ecoap) The Eco
and discussing issues related to the development of social entrepreneurship in the EU. Its work can be followed online151.
and aims to foster competitive and sustainable agriculture and forestry that works in harmony with the environment.
and approaches to the social structures and process that underpin day-to-day and longer-term strategic work.
contracting authorities may take into account criteria linked to the production process of the works, services or supplies to be purchased such as the inclusion of vulnerable and disadvantaged people or the use of nontoxic substances. yy The concept of‘lifecycle costing
and costs imputed to environmental externalities (including the CO2 footprint) linked to the product, service or works during its/their lifecycle. yy To favour social inclusion and support social entrepreneurship,
and are founded on employee participation. yy Innovation will be fostered by the new partnership procedure where the contracting authority shall cooperate with a company selected in a regular competitive tender procedure-to develop an innovative product, work or service,
of clear and simple rules for the award of concessions contracts, will contribute to improving the choices made by public authorities with regard to the procurement of works
the work of various stakeholders and the regulatory workshops the state of EU and domestic regulatory frameworks applicable to crowdfunding,
it provides concrete evidence that social innovation works. yy It creates greater awareness of the opportunities that social innovation can bring to develop new solutions to problems in Europe among politicians,
or create new types of work with three prizes of EUR 30 000 to be awarded in May 2014184.
'SIE has played a key role in highlighting their work and articulating their impact. The platform does this through a searchable database,
with clients or suppliers or work environment. It is a constant, reflexive process, grounded in continuing thinking, learning and improvements,
Those innovations aim at improving staff motivation and working conditions, thereby enhancing labour productivity, organisational performance, innovation capability,
work and society and advocates a cross-sector approach across eight fields of actions: Education & Training;
The strategy is implemented by promoting youth work, showcasing examples of good policy practice, facilitating the involvement of youth in policymaking
Youth work and non-formal learning play an important role in social innovation, particularly by offering alternative ways of learning and through practices that tackle inclusion problems such as youth employment or early
the value of youth work in the EU195. The expert group on Creative Partnerships under the Open Method of Coordination received its mandate by the Council through the 2011-14 Work Plan for Culture.
The group is mandated to‘identify and model the types of successful partnerships and practices, including their positive impacts'.‘
To organise them, the Commission works closely with its representations in the Member States. Outreach to participants also happens through social media, the Europe Direct Centre, radio announcements, etc.
integrating critical analysis of current and previous work with future-oriented methodologies, new actionable knowledge and continual stakeholder participation.
'A further area of research in this field addresses the challenge of‘Social innovation for health promotion'(FP7, 2013 work programme.
and social inclusion actors to use ICT-based public services (in their work and for their work) and accelerate the pace
and quality of ICT-enabled citizen-centric service delivery to socially disadvantaged citizens. Central to the strategy will be the closer integration into service delivery networks of organisations (e g. the third sector,
This type of work is supported also by the CIVITAS programme. In the past decade, this EU co-funded programme has managed to test over 800 measures and urban transport solutions and involved 58 CIVITAS demonstration cities across Europe.
for Europe and identified 15 key development areas for further work, which were followed up by the people who raised them.
In fact it makes sense to see policy work, communication, civil society dialogue and education as part of the move to create a better European reality.
We must be substantive in our work. In the current EU budget climate, if we cannot show that what we do creates an added value,
pollution, transport that calls into question the relevance of our work. So the new Citizens Programme should focus on speciþcs.
In essence, our work is threefold and we need to deliver on each aspect:(a) securing the RIGHTS for citizens,
and MARKT reconnect their work today with Monnet's initial inspiration to build modern Europe.
Together with the other volumes in this Series, we hope that this work provides a stronger foundation for social innovation based on the different experiences and insights of its pioneers.
we want this work to grow and develop. Your comments, thoughts and stories are welcome at the project website:
and quickly reflect on what works and what doesn't. 10 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION End notes 1. Murray,
Through experiment it is discovered then how these work best (such as the discovery that giving computers to two children to share is more effective for education than giving them one each.
and programmes that work well for one group may fail for others. Where governments in the past focused on typical or‘average'citizens,
which started as a research and development project and now works with a wide range of service users across the UK. 1 PROMPTS,
what works, including many counter-intuitive findings. 7 The circuit of information New needs can also be brought to the fore through effective feedback systems.
and artists to work alongside the policy team to create lateral comments on the issues.
or why a group of young people don't find work. These models have to use multiple disciplines
and producers such as the work undertaken by design consultancies like IDEO, thinkpublic, Participle, and Live/Work or the Hope Institute's citizen teams formed around public service improvements.
One recent example is IDEO's work with the SPARC centre at the Mayo Clinic (see-plan-act-refine-communicate),
which involved turning an internal medicine wing into a laboratory designed to improve patient-provider experiences.
'and the work of consultancy firm What If? 42) Forum theatre is a form of theatre developed by Augusto Boal in Brazil, in
One example is the work of‘activist architect',Teddy Cruz. Cruz uses‘waste'materials from San diego to build homes, health clinics and other buildings in Tijuana.
One example is the work of Children's Express in feeding children's views into the design of ideas for estate regeneration
2002)‘ Learning Works: The 21st Century Prison.''London: Do Tank Ltd. 2. See Boal, A. 1979)‘ Theatre of the Oppressed.'
One of the common themes of contemporary social innovation is that it often works best by moving quickly into practice
RCTS have been used increasingly in fields such as welfare to work. They are seen often as a gold standard for evaluation,
These may be‘skunk works 'or more like corporate venturing units whose primary target is the number of spin-off enterprises created. 98) Paying for time.
Business models that work are themselves a prime area for social innovation. They are as diverse as business models in commercial markets,
and of influencing the way the sector works. 107) Incomes and outcomes. There are a range of social business models that involve recognising the potential value of a venture's assets
which they operate, providing work, services, and support. Examples include Japanese food consumer co-ops, and the Mondragon family of co-ops in Spain. 115) Mutuals.
which specialises in work-based mentoring projects. Based on the idea that‘everyone remembers their first boss'
and in part through the engagement of board members in the active work of the venture.
and engaging members and stakeholders. 124) Consumer shareholding can be used to involve consumers more directly in the work of a venture,
because they are effective and well understood models. 127) User orientation and autonomous work groups.
Operations The distinctive value and values of a social venture show up not just in its structures but in its operations how it works with others, uses technologies or works in partnership. 131) Socially-oriented supply chains.
but it also needs to avoid processing in plants with poor labour records. It often takes time to build up robust supply chains of this sort
as well as motivation from within, on the basis of its ideas and the way it works to realise them.
Many ventures are by their nature information intensive in respect to the quality and tangibility of their work, the stories of those involved in it,
A workplace should provide a clear and engaging insight into the work that goes on and culture that rests within the organization.
They demonstrate much of their work visually, through photos and graphs. Some arrange tours and generate income from them.
as well as see the work of the employees and staff. It is always a useful exercise for a venture 4 76 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION to consider how it could best present its work
and its social purpose tangibly as if it were a gallery 140) Open events to provide an opportunity for organisations to engage a wide variety of people in the work of the organization.
They are an occasion for experiencing the venture's culture. Events of this kind are much more important for social ventures than commercial ones.
then the experience of the work and of contributing to a social goal has to be powerful enough to persuade them to continue.
There are similar issues of effective supply (the proof that a particular model works) and effective demand (mobilising sources of finance to pay for the idea or service).
The challenge of the 21st century is to find out what works and scale it up.
effective supply refers to the growth of evidence to show that the innovation really works.
A good example is the work of ASA (the Association for Social Advancement, or Asa meaning hope in Bengali) to develop an alternative to Grameen in microcredit in Bangladesh.
It works with councils in developing good practice through a network of online communities, web related resources and peer review.
But it can only work if operations can be codified under enforceable rules. Without codification, it is difficult to ensure quality
Maison Bengal is a fair trade company that works with artisan cooperatives and NGOS in Bangladesh.
web and technical support, policy work, media and PR, and internal/external evaluations. While the franchisees are responsible for fundraising,
Metrics to show what works and what deserves to be grown There are many metrics for judging
Over several decades a great deal of work has gone into the design of measures of social value.
and girls expertise Pilot Tool kit Development Finalize summit definition Validate Indicators Test Acceptance Our Work Portfolio M&e The Work of Others Global Health Agenda Girls Database
The Nike Foundation's work to develop the ability of adolescent girls in developing countries to deliver social and economic change to their families
when you should work, learn and retire. This idea leads to a range of innovations in everything from employment law
The commission recommended far-reaching changes, including paying attention to non-paid work, rethinking the contribution of finance to prosperity,
These individuals can work within, or across, organisations. They can be involved in adopting or adapting existing innovations.
Some work within organisations, either within or across departments, some are set up to encourage collaboration across organisations,
They are shared much more than work spaces. They are places where social entrepreneurs, community activists, nonprofits,
284) Innovation hubs are shared work spaces which are designed specifically to promote collaboration and innovation such as CAN Mezzanine in the UK, Social Fusion in the US or the worldwide Hub,
and this theory underpins much of its work. This theory is based on a pyramid with three levels:
and action research collaboratives such as the Young Foundation's work with local authorities on neighbourhoods and wellbeing. 303) Service collaboratives such as the UK's Primary Care Collaborative,
and social entrepreneurship. 305) Action learning sets are groups of between four and seven people who come together on a regular basis to reflect on their work,
new tax and pension rights and other rights for different types of paid and voluntary work;
and NGOS, exemplified in the work of Philips in developing new models of The State The Market The Household The Grant Economy The Social Economy Source:
ensuring the work continues even after government funding stops in 2010. Image courtesy of Andrew Hayward/Centre West. 1 152 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION 329) Online budget-setting tools.
Employment Zones allowed contractors to innovate new methods for getting unemployed people into work, with payment linked to outcomes rather than inputs and outputs. 379) Differential tax,
Innovation from the workforce The close involvement of the workforce in innovation has been a feature of Toyota's methods of work organisation that has spread to manufacturing and service industries over the past 25 years.
or freeing up time for public sector workers to volunteer for socially innovative projects. 394) Secondments of public sector employees into‘skunk works',innovation teams,
and what mix of funding for individuals, teams The State The Market The Grant Economy The Household 2 SUPPORT IN THE GRANT ECONOMY 169 and enterprises works best,
and democratise the sector's source of finance. 416) Intermediaries for contributions in kind provide labour
The students work Processing bamboo as part of Prosperity Initiative's plan to transform the bamboo sector in Northwest Vietnam.
It works at the local, national and regional level, with organisations including non-governmental organisations, trade unions, faith-based networks, professional associations, nonprofit capacity development organisations, philanthropic foundations and other funding bodies, businesses,
and from community/voluntary associations to‘work insertion'organisations, and companies limited by guarantee. Social enterprises can generate income in a myriad ways.
or Work Ventures in Australia. 444) Consumer co-ops such as the Japanese food co-ops which have 13 million members.
companies and organisations which are responsible for exploitative labour practices, cause harm to people and planet or are at odds with the values and mission of the investing organisation.
donations, charging for some services to cover the costs of 100 400 350 300 200 150 50 250 0 Germany Italy UK France Finland USA Paid work
Unpaid work Leisure Housework, paid work and leisure (Minutes per day and person, latest year available) Note:
Issues such as the distribution of working time, the valorisation of voluntary labour, the content and channels of life skills learning, the role of many of the social and educational services, the arrangements for retirement and unemployment, the size
while providing incentives to creators by enabling them to retain some rights over their works.
which allow academics to publish works online for free. Valorising the voluntary Another set of methods have tried to give formal value to time in the household.
SPICE has established more than 40 projects in South Wales whereby institutions like local authorities, schools, colleges and housing associations grant time credits for various kinds of volunteer work
or equivalents such as Ithaca Hours that represent a specified quantity of labour time. With Ithaca Hours a unit is valued at $10,
and while most work is valued as one unit, certain professionals like dentists are allowed to value their hour more highly.
In this scheme someone works for an hour helping an old person with shopping or housework. If they work outside the hours of 9am to 5pm they get one
If they undertake body care work they get two hours. The time dollars they receive can
which mobilises citizens who are not teachers to work in schools. 518) Producer-consumer collaboration, such as Community Shared Agriculture, in
200 Liftshare 198 Limited liability Partnerships (LLPS) 65 Linux 139 Live Work 31 London Climate Change Agency 158 Mapping 17-19
154 White house Office of Social Innovation 132 Wikipedia 138 Wikiprogress 120 Wiser Earth 178 Wordpress 138-139 Workplace as Museum 75 Work
His recent work has focused on new waste and energy systems and on projects in the social economy.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011