this cluster is followed closely by‘labour intensive industries'with employment rates ranging from 20%(UK) to 44.2%(Slovakia).
‘Labour-intensive industries'employ most people in Eastern and Southern Europe. Tax and other incentives have made it attractive for pharmaceutical and medical companies to move to Ireland,
Promoting work based learning including quality traineeships, apprenticeships and dual learning models to help the transition from learning to work;
Promoting partnerships between public and private institutions in order to ensure appropriate curricula and skills provision; Promoting mobility through the proposed Erasmus for All programme. 28 COM (2011) 567.
'and the work done by the Cluster Observatory, the online platform for information and analysis of clusters
and graduates to start a digital start-up Initiate a pilot program to work with large companies to encourage students
and mathematics) wanting to work in Europe's digital economy. Development of a funding programme or a tax reduction system that will established support businesses when hiring a specialised individual in specific fields vital for the business of the company.
Facilitating EU access to copyright-protected works, particularly online and including those relating to Europe's cultural heritage.
and graduates to start a digital start-up Initiate a pilot program to work with large companies to encourage students
9%3. 6%2. 1%1. 2%2. 9%2. 8%Labour-intense industries 34.1%29.2%37.0%32.8%43.3%26.3
The innovations often reflect interaction between skilled labour, engineers, and marketing people. Ladder models of design propose that there is a range of rolesof design that are stepped from the bottom-up from no designuse to more integrated and sophisticated applications of designby firms. 9the Danish Model and theglobalizing Learning Economy, Bengt-Åke
human-centred innovation approach influenced by the ways designers think and work. It includes aspects such as feasibility and viability,
Anord recognised that they would need a design resource to carry out the work and they hired a designer;
This activity taught Quad-X about the importance of design and how it was used to work with customers to get the best product design.
In general people have a poor perception of many of the design functions that work together to provide the whole product
and Cidran applied sophisticated design tools but did not describe their work as design, an excellent example of‘hidden design'within an SME.
The comprehensive work of Raulik-Murphy (2010), 32 completedto understand the lessons from successful and unsuccessfulstrategies for design promotion and policies, provides us withan important guide to developing design support programmes.
The author highlights in particular the work of Dumas 33 in herreview of the UK Design Council's 34 50th anniversary in whichher key criticism lies in the lesson that preaching good designis
which they can select one to work with in implementing the new strategy. The programme targeted Design Ladder step 3 businesses.
and offers participants an opportunity to work with experienced design mentors and professionals on their own design project.
and offers participants an opportunity to work with experienced design mentors andprofessionals on their own small scale and group projects.
which thebusiness wishes to work). It comprises two days of Designassociate support. This includes one-to-one time with a Designassociate and a half day group activity (workshop)
Support Programmes 72 The Service Design Programme also works with the design sector in Wales to create a‘supply'of service design expertise,
ensuring that once companies have received their funded support local service design expertise is available to deliver the work.
Elements of the work have been incorporated in new product marketing. Infacta compled a rebranding programme of its company and has hireda full-time designer.
This consists of up to six days of 1-to-1 assistance (on their premises) at a pace and in a way that works for them to:
One of the areas currently being addressed through this work programme is need the to set standards to enable information to be shared electronically commonly referred to as interoperability standards.
16 4. 1 Work to date 16 4. 2 Key issues for Ireland informing future work 16 4. 3 Guiding principles 17 4
In addition to a set of key principles which will guide the Authority's work in this area
and where therefore the work of the Authority and the esag should be targeted. Developing National ehealth Interoperability Standards for Ireland:
and used as appropriate to inform the work of the Authority and of the esag in the development of national standards for ehealth interoperability.
there is evidence from some studies that primary work could be made less efficient largely because of the unique characteristics which paper offers.
A Consultation Document Health Information and Quality Authority 8 The purpose of this document is to consult on the areas of work which the Authority should prioritise.
which will govern the Authority's work in this area, and details of a new ehealth Standards Advisory Group (esag) to be established by the Authority to assist in providing feedback and input to the standards development process.
and perform reviews of work areas to highlight gaps and opportunities where the application of ehealth interoperability standards will improve patient safety and quality.
there is a heavy reliance on the work carried out by the SDOS. Internationally, SDOS are facing major challenges-it is accepted generally that the requirement to achieve consensus is too slow
insufficient resources are allocated to standards-development work, they are being exposed to increased competition from industry de facto standards,
4. 1 Work to date The Authority has published so far two standards, namely the General Practice Messaging Standard (33) and National Standard for Patient Referral Information (54) both
and radiology investigations. 4. 2 Key issues for Ireland informing future work The key issue for Ireland is to determine what set of standards to adapt
and referral messaging between primary and secondary care. 4. 3 Guiding principles Based on work completed to date,
which area of work should be prioritised by the ehealth Standards Advisory Committee? Question 2:
Background Document for ehealth Workshop Unpublished Work. 2011.38) Health Information and Management Systems Society (HIMMS.
Transparency, including publishing the work program; and enabling all stakeholders to access and comment on standards developed including via public comment periods of at least 60 days Making every effort to achieve consensus,
including clear processes for reconciling comments received Coordination/harmonisation of the work of national standardization bodies,
and not duplicating the work of other standards agencies Focusing on specification of requirements based on performance rather than design
and maintain a work plan of projects for the ehealth Standards advisory committee advise the Authority on the additional domain expert members required to undertake aspects of the work plan
professional bodies and domain experts who should be consulted on depending on the particular standard being developed. work to ensure the ongoing development
and of the worlds of learning, work and business is achieved in a systematic, socially acceptable, responsible and safe manner.
Demographic trends are directly affecting the supply of labour and thus the performance of Germany's economy and social system.
if the political framework currently in place is suited to helping more families achieve a better work-life balance
We therefore want to know about the development of demand for labour in the digital working world and the possible consequences of this for the social security systems.
Businesses and employees alike face particular challenges in updating their skills to tackle work in the digital world.
and become empowered at local authority level, in industry associations, in voluntary and youth work, for men and women, people with disabilities and for all generations. 24 IV.
supporting family life and equal opportunities Digitisation is already helping us to achieve a more flexible balance between work, family lives and leisure.
the focus of civic work and engagement is increasingly shifting online. At the same time, there is a great need for social engagement in the digital space
for example in the areas of youth protection or providing assistance to the elderly. zzwe are fostering existing voluntary work by promoting digital options that can be used to improve the organisation of voluntary work, for example,
cross-disciplinary approaches to protecting privacy in an increasingly digitised world. zzresearch on the future of work in a digital world helps to facilitate a beneficial coevolution of technology and social factors such as skills development,(
free and secure global Internet as a space for diversity of opinion, participation, innovation and as an engine for economic growth and work.
That's why it's imperative that we take concrete steps to ensure youth have meaningful work opportunities
Accordingly, the primary aim of this report is to spotlight emerging trends, focusing on new work opportunities, new skills,
and discusses a range of emerging work opportunities, from microwork to app development, that are a direct result of advances in ICTS and global internet diffusion.
Opportunity Entrepreneurs in the Informal Sector, 2009, http://works. bepress. com/mohammad amin/15.3 World bank World Development Report 2013:
International Labour Office, 2013), 1. 7 International labour organization,"Global Employment Trends for Youth 2013,3. 8 Jenny Marlar, Global Unemployment at 8%in 2011:
Designing a System that Works,(Washington, D c.:Mckinsey Center for Government, 2012), www. improvingthestudentexperience. com/library/general/Educationtoemployment. pdf 10 World bank.
when young people stay disengaged from school and work. The costs of NEET youth alienation from the European labour market shows that absorbing just 20 per cent of this population into the labour market would save nations in the European union more than EUR 21 billion a year collectively. 22 In the United states
Youth increasingly find themselves in nonstandard jobs, such as temporary employment and part-time work. Countries like Spain and Ireland have recorded increases in the youth part-time employment rate of 11.8 and 20.7 percentage points respectively between the second quarter of 2008 and 2011.25 One out of three youth
state that they opted for temporary work because they could not find a permanent job,
International Labour Office, 2012), 31.21 International Youth Foundation, Opportunity for Action: Preparing Youth for 21st Century Livelihoods,(Baltimore:
as they believe hiring women will entail labour costs due to maternity leave. Low quality schooling and high dropout rates supress youth employment.
Work and Youth in Latin america,(Geneva: ILO, 2010), 18.32 International Youth Foundation, Opportunity for Action:
The Grameen Foundation works with local agricultural research organizations and other experts to curate content
and carry out work is changing. Instead of looking in the local newspaper, youth around the world browse web-based job listings to find work.
Those with limited access to the internet carry out their job searches at public venues telecentres, libraries,
The very notion of the work place now reaches far beyond the local which has great implications for young people that are challenged to find employment in their own communities.
-and project-based work opportunities-many of which are restricted not to highly skilled developers, but can also extend to semiskilled and low-skilled workers with access to a relatively basic digital infrastructure. 80 The global increase in the use of mobile technologies is playing a key role in expanding employment opportunities for youth.
and carry out work, launch their entrepreneurial endeavours and even get paid via their cell phones.
and may lack the social networks to find out about work opportunities. Searching for informal sector jobs often occurs through word-of-mouth,
and the work needs to be completed quickly in order to maximize sales. Crowdflower uses crowdsourcing to harness a round-the-clock workforce that spans more than 70 countries, multiple languages,
Microwork is considered the smallest the most granular unit of work in a virtual assembly line. 88 It also requires the lowest level of skills.
Microwork works in tandem with crowdsourcing. Granular tasks are distributed via aggregators to workers across geographic boundaries,
Referred to as a kind of digital blue-collar work, microwork requires little training, and many microworkers are located already in the developing world.
https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Microwork, accessed on December 3, 2012 89 World bank, New Frontiers and Opportunities in Work.
Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 21 Samasource is a nonprofit organization that brings digital work opportunities to people around the world.
including forestry, agriculture, building, transport, services, administration and renewable energy. 109 106 International labour organization, Working Towards Sustainable Development Opportunities for Decent Work and Social Inclusion in a Green
International Labour Office, 2012). 107 OECD, ICT Skills and Employment: New Competences and Jobs for a Greener and Smarter Economy, OECD Digital economy Papers, No. 198,(OECD Publishing, 2012), http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/5k994f3prlr5-en
has undertaken extensive work around digital literacy. In its 2013 report they propose a comprehensive framework that exemplifies the types of competencies many experts note are required to be digitally literate. 118 Figure 10:
and when not Understands the dynamics of collaborative work and of giving and receiving feedback Skills examples Is able to use the collaborative features of software packages
Each of the 21 competences contains examples of its relevance to people in typical work situations.
Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 34 5. 4 Complementary skills The discussion in this chapter so far has focused on the ICT-related skills required for meaningful participation in society as well as work.
Other mobile payment processors that work with mobile devices, such as Square147, are also making business transactions easier for young entrepreneurs. 143 Small Business Toolkit
Students have the option to present their work using the technology for example, instead of writing a paper or report,
There are some exciting examples of universities organizing contests with Phd students who present their scientific work using video
and it currently works in 27 countries, through 53 partner institutions, reaching Anglophone, Francophone and Lusophone African students.
www. avu. org One appeal of the blended model for youth and lifelong learners is the flexibility it offers to combine work and study.
Authors 151 International Labour Office, Apprenticeship in the Informal Economy in Africa,(Geneva: ILO, 2008.
It informs the work of MOOCS OCW and other open access pedagogical exercises. MOOCS for instances have drawn on such connectivist pedagogical principles as:
These initiatives are designed to prepare youth for a better and more productive work experience. The initiatives driven by private sector,
Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 50 work alongside more experienced workers they acquire and develop many of the same ICT
A co-working space is shared a work environment where members have access to facilities such as a desk, meeting space, office equipment, kitchen and other amenities.
Most of these spaces offer classes in how to use the equipment and work with various mediums (wood
with ongoing research being undertaken to understand what works, the conditions that contribute to successful outcomes,
The programme consists of series of modules to build different levels of computer skills from basic to advanced that will prepare people for work or studies.
Figure 20 shows how Mozilla Open Badges work. As depicted, the learner is at the centre of the system.
How Open Badges work Source: Mozilla Open Badges175 8 The role of government In a statement released for International Youth Day 2012, the UN Secretary-general,
deadend work and record levels of unemployment. 176 Youth unemployment and underemployment are at a record high.
It is concerned especially with the school to work transition, an important period in the lives of youth.
and Taiwan rank high for their achievements in ICT in education programmes and support of sciences and technical innovation. 181 In the rest of the region a significant amount of work is needed still.
coordinated approach across relevant ministries. 184 A national strategy that guides the work of multiple ministries enhances complementarity of efforts
In some countries ministries of labour telecommunications, youth or human development, education, social development and even industry work together to identify common areas of interest
often sanctioned by authorities created to guide the work of education granting organizations and institutions.
and other alternative certification systems. 8. 4 Public-private partnerships One of the chief complaints from employers is that they cannot find qualified labour to fill the vacancies.
In the apprenticeship examples above, participants are remunerated for their work and also have the opportunity to study part-time.
Whereas basic computer skills and knowledge of productivity applications may still qualify a person for routine office work,
Opportunity Entrepreneurs in the Informal Sector. 2009. http://works. bepress. com/mohammad amin/15. Ban Ki-moon. Secretary-general's Message for 2012:
International Labour Office, 2008. International labour organization.""China Youth employment Report.""Geneva: International Labour Office, 2005. International labour organization.""Decent Work and Youth in Latin america."
"Geneva: International Labour Office, 2010. International labour organization.""Global Employment Outlook September 2012: Bleak Labour market Prospects for Youth."
"Geneva: International Labour Office, 2012. International labour organization.""Global Employment Trends for Youth 2012.""Geneva: International Labour Office, 2012.
International labour organization.""Global Employment Trends for Youth 2013. Geneva: International Labour Office, 2013. International labour organization. Working Towards Sustainable Development Opportunities for Decent Work and Social Inclusion in a Green Economy.
Geneva: International Labour Office. 2012 International Telecommunication Union (ITU. A Bright Future in ICTS Opportunities for a New Generation of Women.
Geneva: ITU, 2012. International Telecommunication Union. The ICT Opportunity for a Disability-Inclusive Development Framework.
Geneva: ITU, 2013 International Telecommunication Union. Making Mobile phones and Services Accessible, 2012 International Telecommunication Union (ITU.
Measuring the Information Society 2012. Geneva: ITU, 2012. www. itu. int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/International Telecommunication Union (ITU.
Measuring the Information Society 2013. Geneva: ITU, 2013. www. itu. int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/mis2013. aspx.
Designing a System that Works. Washington, D c.:Mckinsey Center for Government, 2012. www. improvingthestudentexperience. com/library/general/Educationtoemployment. pdf OECD."Employment and Labour markets:
New Frontiers and Opportunities in Work. ICT is Dramatically Reshaping the Global Job market. ICT Policy Notes, World bank, June 2012. http://documents. worldbank. org/curated/en/2012/06/17817177/new-frontiers-opportunitieswork-ict-dramatically-reshaping-global-job market.
Connectivism A network-based pedagogy that informs the work of MOOCS, OCW and other open access initiatives.
Information technology Outsourcing (ITO) Refers to the outsourcing of computer or internet related work, such as programming.
As capitalism begins to work in poorer communities, new opportunities for economic development and social progress increase exponentially.
Efforts in these and other areas are still works in process, whose implications will be felt for years to come.
Root Capital regularly works with corporations, utilizing future purchase orders as collateral for its loans to farmers
the wrong kind works against it and even makes trade-offs between economic and social goals inevitable.
whether they benefit society or work against it. Creating Shared Value-Harvard Business Review Page 11 of 13 http://hbr. org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value/ar/pr 11/30/2011
which would allow democracy to work as governments set policies that fostered and supported business.
I warmly thank all the colleagues who co-authored this publication in a few intense days of work.
Maurizio Telihow to cite this work: Arniani, M.,Badii, A.,De Liddo, A.,Georgi, S.,Passani, A.,Piccolo, L. S g,
Rachel Somers Milesbs4ictrsrchbook Sprints for ICT Research, Support Action project is funded by the European commission under the FP7-ICT Work Programme 2013.
The methodology was founded by Adam Hyde of Booksprints. net. http://www. booksprints. netcaps2020caps2020 is funded by the European commission under the FP7-ICT Work Programme 2013.
At present Anna is leading Open university's work in the European Project CATALYST, and the EPSRC's EDV project,
that filtering now works on the basis of marketing strategies and through invisible technologies, as it segregates internet users into small-scale groups that share professional and leisure interests.
Participation in work-related communities such as Linkedin groups and other professional networks can trigger different motivations.
The way digital collectives work, from sharing social norms to producing the technology they use,
A typical multidisciplinary team will be made up of people belonging to different disciplines who divide their work by exploring specific disciplinary topics without crossing their disciplinary boundaries.
Experimentation (FIRE) of the 2013 Work Programme. Finally, CAPS are an important topic for internet science,
New Economic Modelsthe transformation of societies and economies following the diffusion of digital technologies, with increases in productivity, the redistribution of international divisions of labour,
mainly in the domain of knowledge work, have emerged. Yochai Benkler (2006) defined such modes of production as commons-based peer production (CBPP),
The way Assembl works allows large numbers of people to discuss and debate in a manner that elevates the intelligence of the group.
The impact of gamification, competition, collaborative work, public and even tangible feedback are examples of strategies that have been evaluated to promote engagement
Proceedings of the 1992 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. pp. 107-114. Eden, C. 1999)' Using Cognitive Mapping for Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA'.
'Computer Supported Cooperative Work 21. pp. 417-448.73 Liu, K. 2000) Semiotics in Information systems Engineering.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attributionnoncommercial-Sharealike 4. 0 International License Principal investigator and main author:
Nesta is backed with an endowment originally provided from the UK National Lottery and works through a combination of research, investments,
One example of the potential in mobilising citizens to create collective knowledge is done the work by Cancer Research UK on their citizen science platform Cellslider.
The study also indicated some examples of how these actions could be implemented within the framework of the Digital Agenda for Europe and under the Horizons 2020 Work Programme.
and policy for DSI in relation to the Digital Agenda for Europe and under the Horizon 2020 Work Programme,
Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration,
Bitcoin) 7. Some of these have encouraged deliberately a changed awareness of how economies work for example, valorising labour time equally,
Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting potential in combining innovative technology trends to generate unexpected services.
The Chaos Computer Club (CCC) HACKERS NETWORKS 34 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing
that works on promoting peer-to-peer practices, and the Iot Council, promoting an open Internet of things vision,
The work by Nesta in the UK, on the tech for good incubator Bethnal Green Ventures,
Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution, temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop applications for citizens
Guifi. net COMMUNITY NETWORKS The work by Tor on creating secure, privacy-aware and crypto tools that bounce Internet users'and websites'traffic through‘relays'run by thousands of volunteers around the world,
Other pioneering examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not-for-profit Praxis on the Meiraha project
as is the work by the social innovation research project COMMUNIA. The European Thematic Network on the Digital Public domain is an international association based in Brussels. COMMUNIA is built on the eponymous COMMUNIA Project Thematic Network, funded by the European commission from 2007 to 2011,
which is funded not by the European union but shows how open research works, is FLOK Society in Ecuador.
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware.
and Economy Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills Culture and Arts Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New
AND SKILLS PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRACY CULTURE AND ARTS HEALTH AND WELLBEING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriö Bethnal Green Ventures Citysdk Clearlyso Angels Communia Commons 4 Europe Confine Crisisnet Desis Network Everyaware Fablab
AND ECONOMY ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRACY NEIGHBOURHOOD REGENERATION SCIENCE EDUCATION AND SKILLS CULTURE AND ARTS WORK AND EMPLOYMENT 254 251 164 163 162 138
and women bring new perspectives while improving access to information, education and work opportunities for women.
Most of the ideas you come up with at first won't work. But it's only through the process of constant idea creation that you arrive at something that is radical and transformative.
As outcome of the DSI policy work shop, we have designed a Bottom-up Policy Toolkit for practicioners
and helped them to scale up their work What the biggest barriers were faced that they and how to address them (through policy?
You may also want to promote the importance of evidence-based policy-making as a continual process of understanding what works (and
Conversely, institutions and in particular public institutions and work done with public money should be open and transparent.
seeking the right balance between the interests of creators (to control their work and to be able to make a living from their creativity) and the interests of society (access to information and culture, freedom of expression)( Keller,
and to create collaborative work environments. In this context labs can be understood as spaces and units set up run
Observing potential users to see if the product works in their context Quantitative responses to the idea,
Establishing potential routes to market How the impact is measured As emphasised in the framework developed by Nominet Trust there are a number of tools digital social innovations can apply to capture the impact of their work,
The work done by Wikiprogress is exploring new digital tools for including people, in relation to what should be measured through the development of indicators,
design work. Thank you to the projects Advisory Group who have been generous in sharing their own experience from working with
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